Doromu-Koki Differential Subject Marker Between Syntax and Pragmatics Robert L Bradshaw 1 April 2020 1
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Is Kanakanavu an Ergative Language?
Voice and transitivity in Kanakanavu Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades einer Doktorin der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Erfurt vorgelegt von Ilka Wild Erfurt, März 2018 Gutachter der Arbeit: Prof. Dr. Christian Lehmann, Universität Erfurt Prof. Dr. Volker Gast, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Datum der Defensio: 6. August 2018 Universitätsbibliothek Erfurt Electronic Text Center URN:nbn:de:gbv:547-201800530 Abstract This is a dissertation on the Kanakanavu language, i.e. that linguistic phenomena found while working on the language underwent a deeper analysis and linguistic techniques were used to provide data and to present analyses in a structured manner. Various topics of the Kanakanavu language system are exemplified: Starting with a grammar sketch of the language, the domains phonology, morphology, and syntax are described and information on the linguistic features in these domains are given. Beyond a general overview of the situation and a brief description of the language and its speakers, an investigation on a central part of the Kanakanavu language system, namely its voice system, can be found in this work. First, it is analyzed and described by its formal characteristics. Second, the question of the motivation of using the voice system in connection to transitivity and, in the literature less often recognized, the semantic side of transitive constructions, i.e. its effectiveness, is discussed. Investigations on verb classes in Kanakanavu and possible semantic connections are presented as well as investigations on possible situations of different degrees of effectiveness. This enables a more detailed view on the language system and, in particular, its voice system. -
A View from Amazonia
1 The value of language and the language of value: a view from Amazonia Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald (The Cairns Institute/SASS, JCU) Abstract. The concept of 'value' is manifold. Something judged good, proper and desirable in human life is judged as 'valuable'. Being valuable may have economic connotations of 'worth' — to do with the degree to which desirable objects may bring material benefits. In this paper, I concentrate on the Tariana, a representative of the Vaupés River Basin linguistic area in the far-corner of north-west Brazilian Amazonia. I focus on how the value of language as the mark of identity is expressed in Tariana. I then turn to the expression of meanings to do with evaluation ('good, proper, as it should be' versus 'bad, adverse', 'other', or 'correct' versus 'incorrect'(), with a special focus on the danger of 'otherness'. The concept of monetary worth came into the society, and the language, through the introduction of market economy within the last two or three decades. At the end, the findings are put within the perspective of Amazonian languages and cultures in general. 1 Value in language The concept of 'value' is manifold. Something judged good, proper and desirable in human life may be looked upon as 'valuable'. Having 'value' may go together with economic connotations of 'worth', that is, the degree to which desirable objects may bring material benefits. The term 'value' in English (and also French, Portuguese and some other familiar Indo-European languages) extends beyond 'worth' and 'evaluation' into 'the ability of a thing to serve a purpose or cause an effect, as in news value'. -
0=AFRICAN Geosector
2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 123 2=AUSTRALASIA geosector édition princeps foundation edition DU RÉPERTOIRE DE LA LINGUASPHÈRE 1999-2000 THE LINGUASPHERE REGISTER 1999-2000 publiée en ligne et mise à jour dès novembre 2012 published online & updated from November 2012 This geosector covers 223 sets of languages (1167 outer languages, composed of 2258 inner languages) spoken or formerly spoken by communities in Australasia in a geographic sequence from Maluku and the Lesser Sunda islands through New Guinea and its adjacent islands, and throughout the Australian mainland to Tasmania. They comprise all languages of Australasia (Oceania) not covered by phylosectors 3=Austronesian or 5=Indo-European. Zones 20= to 24= cover all so-called "Papuan" languages, spoken on Maluku and the Lesser Sunda islands and the New Guinea mainland, which have been previously treated within the "Trans-New Guinea" hypothesis: 20= ARAFURA geozone 21= MAMBERAMO geozone 22= MANDANGIC phylozone 23= OWALAMIC phylozone 24= TRANSIRIANIC phylozone Zones 25= to 27= cover all other so-called "Papuan" languages, on the New Guinea mainland, Bismarck archipelago, New Britain, New Ireland and Solomon islands, which have not been treated within the "Trans-New Guinea" hypothesis: 25= CENDRAWASIH geozone 26= SEPIK-VALLEY geozone 27= BISMARCK-SEA geozone Zones 28= to 29= cover all languages spoken traditionally across the Australian mainland, on the offshore Elcho, Howard, Crocodile and Torres Strait islands (excluding Darnley island), and formerly on the island of Tasmania. An "Australian" hypothesis covers all these languages, excluding the extinct and little known languages of Tasmania, comprising (1.) an area of more diffuse and complex relationships in the extreme north, covered here by geozone 28=, and (2.) a more closely related affinity (Pama+ Nyungan) throughout the rest of Australia, covered by 24 of the 25 sets of phylozone 29=. -
An Indo-Pacific Language in Nepal
Kusunda: An Indo-Pacific language in Nepal Paul Whitehouse†, Timothy Usher†, Merritt Ruhlen†‡§, and William S.-Y. Wang¶ʈ †Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501; ‡Department of Anthropological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; ¶Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, Taiwan 11529; and ʈDepartment of Linguistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 Communicated by Murray Gell-Mann, Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, November 23, 2003 (received for review January 4, 2002) The Kusunda people of central Nepal have long been regarded as Chepang, who also were forest dwellers and spoke a Tibeto- a relic tribe of South Asia. They are, or were until recently, Burman language. Later scholars often assumed, without look- seminomadic hunter-gatherers, living in jungles and forests, with ing at the data collected by Hodgson, that Kusunda was a a language that shows no similarities to surrounding languages. Tibeto-Burman language. Kusunda was classified essentially on They are often described as shorter and darker than neighboring the basis of its neighbor’s language, not its own, and this error tribes. Our research indicates that the Kusunda language is a perpetuated itself similar to a scribal error in a medieval member of the Indo-Pacific family. This is a surprising finding manuscript (7–9). inasmuch as the Indo-Pacific family is located on New Guinea and We have discovered evidence that the Kusunda language is in surrounding islands. The possibility that Kusunda is a remnant of fact a member of the Indo-Pacific family of languages (10). The the migration that led to the initial peopling of New Guinea and Indo-Pacific family historically occupied a vast area from the Australia warrants additional investigation from both a linguistic Andaman Islands in the Indian Ocean to the Solomon Islands in and genetic perspective. -
Announcements
227 Journal of Language Contact – THEMA 1 (2007): Contact: Framing its Theories and Descriptions ANNOUNCEMENTS Symposium Language Contact and the Dynamics of Language: Theory and Implications 10-13 May 2007 Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (Leipzig) Organizing institutions: Institut Universitaire de France : Chaire ‘Dynamique du langage et contact des langues’ (Nice) Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology: Department of Linguistics (Leipzig) Information and presentation: http://www.unice.fr/ChaireIUF-Nicolai/Symposium/Index_Symposium.html Thematic orientation Three themes are chosen. I. “‘Contact’: an ‘obvious fact ? A notion to be rethought?” The aim is to open theoretical reflection on the importance of ‘contact’ as a linguistic and anthropological phenomenon for the study of the evolution and dynamics of languages and of Language. II. “Contact, typology and evolution of languages: a perspective to be explored” Here the aim is to open discussion on what is constructed by ‘typology’. III. “Representation of the phenomena and the role of descriptors: a perspective to be established” In connection with the double requirement of theoretical reflection and empirical underpinning, the aim is to develop an epistemological reflection on the elaboration of knowledge in the domain of languages and Language. Titles of communications Peter Bakker (Aarhus) Rethinking structural diffusion Cécile Canut (Montpelllier) & Paroles et Agencements Jean-Marie Prieur (Montpelllier) Bernard Comrie (MPI-EVA, Leipzig & WALS tell us about the diffusion of structural features Santa Barbara) Nick Enfield (MPI, Nijmegen) Conceptual tools for a natural science of language (contact and change) Zygmunt Frajzyngier & Erin Shay (Boulder, Language-internal versus contact-induced change: the case of split Colorado) coding of person and number. -
Blended Grammar: Kumandene Tariana of Northwest Amazonia
DOI: 10.26346/1120-2726-169 Blended grammar: Kumandene Tariana of northwest Amazonia Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald Central Queensland University, Cairns, Australia <[email protected]> Kumandene Tariana, a North Arawak language, spoken by about 40 people in the community of Santa Terezinha on the Iauari river (tributary of the Vaupés River in north-west Amazonia), can be considered a new blended language. The Kumandene Tariana moved to their present location from the middle Vaupés about two generations ago. They now intermarry with the Baniwa Hohôdene, speakers of a closely related language. This agrees with the principle of ‘lin- guistic exogamy’ common to most indigenous people within the Vaupés River Basin linguistic area. With Baniwa as the majority language, Kumandene Tariana is endangered. The only other extant variety of Tariana is the Wamiarikune Tariana dialect which has undergone strong influence from Tucano, the major language of the region. As a result of their divergent development, Kumandene Tariana and Wamiarikune Tariana are not mutually intelligible. Over the past fifty years, speakers of Kumandene Tariana have acquired numerous Baniwa-like features in the grammar and lexicon. The extent of Baniwa impact on Kumandene Tariana varies depending on the speaker. Kumandene Tariana shares some similarities with other ‘blended’, or ‘merged’ languages. The influence of Baniwa is particularly instructive in the domain of verbal categories – negation, tense, aspect, and evidentiality. Keywords: Tariana, Arawak languages, Amazonian languages, blended lan- guages, multilingualism. 1. Colonial expansion and linguistic repertoires in Amazonia Lowland Amazonia is renowned for its linguistic diversity in terms of number of languages, their genetic affiliation, and their structural patterns. -
ARAWAK LANGUAGES” by Alexandra Y
OXFORD BIBLIOGRAPHIES IN LINGUISTICS “ARAWAK LANGUAGES” by Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald © Oxford University Press Not for distribution. For permissions, please email [email protected]. xx Introduction General Overviews Monographs and Dissertations Articles and Book Chapters North Arawak Languages Monographs and Dissertations Articles and Book Chapters Reference Works Grammatical and Lexical Studies Monographs and Dissertations Articles and Book Chapters Specific Issues in the Grammar of North Arawak Languages Mixed Arawak-Carib Language and the Emergence of Island Carib Language Contact and the Effects of Language Obsolescence Dictionaries of North Arawak Languages Pre-andine Arawak Languages Campa Languages Monographs and Dissertations Articles and Book Chapters Amuesha Chamicuro Piro and Iñapari Apurina Arawak Languages of the Xingu Indigenous Park Arawak Languages of Areas near Xingu South Arawak Languages Arawak Languages of Bolivia Introduction The Arawak family is the largest in South America, with about forty extant languages. Arawak languages are spoken in lowland Amazonia and beyond, covering French Guiana, Suriname, Guiana, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Brazil, and Bolivia, and formerly in Paraguay and Argentina. Wayuunaiki (or Guajiro), spoken in the region of the Guajiro peninsula in Venezuela and Colombia, is the largest language of the family. Garifuna is the only Arawak language spoken in Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Guatemala in Central America. Groups of Arawak speakers must have migrated from the Caribbean coast to the Antilles a few hundred years before the European conquest. At least several dozen Arawak languages have become extinct since the European conquest. The highest number of recorded Arawak languages is centered in the region between the Rio Negro and the Orinoco. -
Aikhenvald CV Latest.Revised.March 2021
ALEXANDRA Y. AIKHENVALD CURRICULUM VITAE Mailing address: 21Anne Street, Smithfield, Qld 4878 , Australia e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] phone: 61-(0)400 305315 Citizenship: Australian, Brazilian Educated • Department of Structural and Applied Linguistics, Philological Faculty, Moscow State University: BA in Linguistics 1978; MA in Linguistics 1979 (thesis topic: 'Relative Clause in Anatolian Languages') • Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow: PhD in Linguistics, 1984 (thesis topic 'Structural and Typological Classification of Berber Languages') • La Trobe University, 2006: Doctor of Letters by examination of four books and 14 papers. Positions held • Research Fellow, Department of Linguistics, Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, January 1980 - September 1988 • Senior Research Fellow, ibidem, September 1988 - July 1989 • Visiting Professor, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil, August 1989 - December 1991 • Associate Professor, ibidem, December 1991 - December 1992 • Full Professor with tenure, ibidem, December 1992 - February 1994 • Visiting Professor, State University of Campinas, Brazil, April 1992 - June 1992 • Visiting Professor, University of São Paulo, Brazil, July 1992 - December 1992 • Visiting Fellow, Australian National University, January - February 1993 • ARC Senior Research Fellow (with rank of Professor), Australian National University, February 1994 - 1999, Second Term: February 1999 - 2004 • Professor of Linguistics, Research Centre for Linguistic Typology, La Trobe University, from 2004 - 2008 • Associate Director of the Research Centre for Linguistic Typology, Australian National University, 1996-1999 • Associate Director of the Research Centre for Linguistic Typology, La Trobe University, 2000-2008 • Professor and Research Leader (People and Societies of the Tropics), Cairns Institute, James Cook University, 2009-present. -
And to the Speakers of Arawak Languages, Whose
v To Christian, Zoe, and Isabella and To Chris (notasanotakempi) and To the speakers of Arawak languages, whose patience, dedication, and hard work with linguists from around the world have made this volume possible vi vii Table of contents 1. Introduction........................................................................................... 1 2. Garifuna Negatives ............................................................................. 11 3. Negation in Guyanese Lokono/Arawak .............................................. 51 4. On negation in Kurripako Ehe-Khenim .............................................. 71 5. Negation in Tariana: A North Arawak perspective in light of areal diffusion .................................................................................................. 83 6. Negation in Apurinã .......................................................................... 117 7. Negation in Wauja discourse............................................................. 143 8. Standard and non-standard negation in Paresi .................................. 165 9. Negation in Nanti .............................................................................. 179 10. Irrealis and negation in Mojeño Trinitario ...................................... 211 11. A comparative perspective on negation in Arawak ......................... 235 References ............................................................................................ 293 Index .................................................................................................... -
1 Western Melanesian Languages, Language Families, and Endangerement Levels [This Draft Research Document Was Compiled Based On
1 Western Melanesian languages, language families, and endangerement levels [This draft research document was compiled based on various sources by Dr. Gregory Anderson for the Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages. Do not cite without permission. Contact: [email protected]] Summary 504 languages – 5 Creoles = 499 languages counted GI (Genetic Diversity Index) 499 languages / 48 language families = .096 EI (Endangerment Index) = 2124/504 = 4.21 low Number Language name Genetic (phylum, family) affiliation Endanger- Research Country / Countries of ment Index Index where spoken Speakers (1 to 5 scale) 1 Laua TNG >> E > C/SE > Mailuan 1 Papua New Guinea 1? Aore AN >>> Remote Oceanic > N/C Van > NE 1 Vanuatu Vanuatu/ Banks Islands 4 Zire AN >>> Remote Oceanic > New Caledonian > S 1 New Caledonia 6 Ura AN >> C/E Oceanic > S Vanuatu > Erromanga 1 Vanuatu 7 Kamasa TNG >> C/W > Angan 1 Papua New Guinea 7 Makolkol E. Pap > YS-NB > New Britain 1 Papua New Guinea < 8 Araki AN >>> Remote Oceanic > N/C Van > NE 1 Vanuatu Vanuatu/ Banks Islands 10 Asumboa AN >>> CE Oc. >> E Outer Islands 1 Solomon Islands 10 Sene TNG >> C/W > Huon-Finisterre 1 Papua New Guinea 10 Susuami TNG >> C/W > Angan 1 Papua New Guinea 10 Zazao AN >>> W.Oc. >> New Ireland 1 Solomon Islands < 10 Maragus AN >>> Remote Oceanic > N/C Van > Malekula 1 Vanuatu Interior 12 Kawacha TNG >> C/W > Angan 1 Papua New Guinea 15 Laghu AN >>> W.Oc. >> New Ireland 1 Solomon Islands 15 Tanimbili AN >>> CE Oc. >> E Outer Islands 1 Solomon Islands 16 Pwapwa AN >>> Remote Oceanic > New Caledonian > N 1 New Caledonia < 20 Nasarian AN >>> Remote Oceanic > N/C Van > Malekula 1 Vanuatu Interior < 20 Sowa AN >>> Remote Oceanic > N/C Van > NE 1.5 Vanuatu Vanuatu/ Banks Islands 24 Teanu AN >>> CE Oc. -
Special Issue 2012 Part I ISSN: 0023-1959
Language & Linguistics in Melanesia Special Issue 2012 Part I ISSN: 0023-1959 Journal of the Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea ISSN: 0023-1959 Special Issue 2012 Harald Hammarström & Wilco van den Heuvel (eds.) History, contact and classification of Papuan languages Part One Language & Linguistics in Melanesia Special Issue 2012 Part I ISSN: 0023-1959 VERBS WITH PRONOMINAL OBJECT PREFIXES IN FINISTERRE-HUON LANGUAGES Edgar Suter University of Cologne [email protected] ABSTRACT The Finisterre-Huon stock was established by Kenneth McElhanon (1975). His evidence for a genealogical relationship among these 60 plus languages is reviewed and found to be compelling. In this article I take up one of his pieces of evidence, verbs with pronominal object prefixes, and elaborate on it. The Finisterre-Huon languages have a small closed class of transitive verbs taking pronominal object prefixes. A few of these verbs are cognate across both putative first-order subgroups, the Huon Peninsula family and the Finisterre-Saruwaged family, and can be reconstructed for proto Finisterre-Huon. Most of the pronominal object prefixes can also be reconstructed and are found to be identical to the free pronouns proposed for proto Trans New Guinea by Stephen Wurm (1975) and Malcolm Ross (2005), to which I suggest adding *ya 'they'. Three of the prefixed verbs reconstructed for proto Finisterre-Huon have cognates in other Trans New Guinea subfamilies giving rise to higher level reconstructions. KEYWORDS: Finisterre-Huon, Trans New Guinea, reconstruction, verb morphology, personal pronouns, object verbs INTRODUCTION The Finisterre-Huon languages are spoken in the northern half of Morobe Province and the adjacent part of Madang Province in Papua New Guinea.1 They cover the whole Huon Peninsula, except for the coastal fringes where Oceanic languages are spoken, run along the Saruwaged mountains and end in the Finisterre Range, which straddles the border between 1 The research for this paper was commissioned by the Department of Linguistics of the University of Cologne, Germany. -
Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands
Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands First compiled by Nancy Sack and Gwen Sinclair Updated by Nancy Sack Current to January 2020 Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands Background An inquiry from a librarian in Micronesia about how to identify subject headings for the Pacific islands highlighted the need for a list of authorized Library of Congress subject headings that are uniquely relevant to the Pacific islands or that are important to the social, economic, or cultural life of the islands. We reasoned that compiling all of the existing subject headings would reveal the extent to which additional subjects may need to be established or updated and we wish to encourage librarians in the Pacific area to contribute new and changed subject headings through the Hawai‘i/Pacific subject headings funnel, coordinated at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa.. We captured headings developed for the Pacific, including those for ethnic groups, World War II battles, languages, literatures, place names, traditional religions, etc. Headings for subjects important to the politics, economy, social life, and culture of the Pacific region, such as agricultural products and cultural sites, were also included. Scope Topics related to Australia, New Zealand, and Hawai‘i would predominate in our compilation had they been included. Accordingly, we focused on the Pacific islands in Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia (excluding Hawai‘i and New Zealand). Island groups in other parts of the Pacific were also excluded. References to broader or related terms having no connection with the Pacific were not included. Overview This compilation is modeled on similar publications such as Music Subject Headings: Compiled from Library of Congress Subject Headings and Library of Congress Subject Headings in Jewish Studies.