Cippus Perusinus Eine Zweite Principielle Untersuchung
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Le Parole Etrusche Ame, Amce E La Revisione Di Ie. *Yem- ‘Paaren’
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Emerita (E-Journal) LE PAROLE ETRUSCHE AME, AMCE E LA REVISIONE DI IE. *YEM- ‘PAAREN’ ADOLFO ZAVARONI The main purpose of this article is to demonstrate the groundlessness of the old and common thesis according to which Etr. ame, amuke, amce are parts of the verb “to be”. We can search for the true meaning of these words with the help of the so-called “comparative method”, a method that, in the last few decades, did not enjoy its due share of attention. My underlying thesis is that Etruscan, although not being an Indo-European language, has many IndoEuropean stems, which it acquired during many centuries of contacts. The comparative method might be of help just provided we strictly stick to the rules that define the phonological system of Etruscan (in the present work I present the system of the stops only). –– The term am(u)ce indicates ‘to be united, to make a pair with, co-’. In fact, amce is mainly found in connection with the words puia ‘wife’ and zilaθ (magistracy constituted by two or more persons). In extant inscriptions, we also find twice the word ame connected to puia, yet in most cases ame is a particle placed after the verb, where it fulfills the same function of the latin preverb cum, co-. As an example, in the Tabula Cortonensis the words eprus ame mean ‘co-operantur, (they) sacrifice together’. Moreover, there are five occurrences of the particle ama connected with the word ipa. -
The Tabula Cortonensis and Land Transactions
THE TABULA CORTONENSIS AND LAND TRANSACTIONS Recently R. A. Wallace has dedicated a chapter of his book ‘Zikh Rasna. A Manual of Etruscan Language and Inscriptions' (2008) to the inscription of the bronze Tabula Cortonensis\ The Tablet of Cortona, hereafter TCo, was handed in by a carpenter to the Carabinieri at Camucia (Cortona) in 1992. The editio princeps was published by L. Agostiniani and F. Nicosia in 2000. The text is extremely important since it is, after the Liber linteus Zagrabiensis and the Tabula Capuana, the third longest extant Etruscan text (206 words; 32 lines on side A and 8 lines on side B). It is, however, difficult to interpret and translate for lexical, morphological, grammatical, and syntactical reasons. Wallace’s tentative translation of the text is based on interpretations and translations advanced by Agostiniani and Nicosia (2000), H. Rix (2000, 2002), G. Μ. Facchetti (2000, 2002b), A. Maggiani (2001, 2002b), V. Scarano Ussani and Μ. Torelli (2003), K. Wylin (2002a, 2006b) and I.-J. Adiego (2005). The publications of C. De Simone (1998-2007), P. Amann (2005), Wylin (2005) and Torelli (2005) were not used by Wallace. It appears that there is no consensus on the meaning(s) of about half of the sixty different non- onomastic lexical units, many of which are or look like hapax legomena. This article aims to detect their semantic values from the textual context and with the use of the combinatory method, that is, by comparing words in the TCo text with those in the corpus of ca 11,000 Etruscan inscriptions. Some words and syntagmata will also be studied from a chrono-typological, interlinguistic, etymological, and contemporary, bicultural perspective (e.g. -
Su Numerusm Genus E Sexus. Elementi Per Una Grammatica Dell
copia autore QUADERNI DI EVTOPIA Su numerus, genus e sexus. COMMENTARII NOVI DE ANTIQVITATIBVS TOTIVS EVROPAE Elementi per una grammatica dell’etrusco Luca Rigobianco, Luca Rigobianco Su numerus , genus e sexus ISBN 978-88-7140-539-1 € 28,00 Edizioni Quasar copia autore QUADERNI DI EVTOPIA COMMENTARII NOVI DE ANTIQVITATIBVS TOTIVS EVROPAE Rivista diretta da Adriano La Regina 9 copia autore © Roma 2013 - Edizioni Quasar di Severino Tognon srl via Ajaccio 41-43, I-00198 Roma tel. 0685358444, fax 0685833591 www.edizioniquasar.it [email protected] ISBN 978-88-7140-539-1 copia autore Luca Rigobianco Su numerus, genus e sexus. Elementi per una grammatica dell’etrusco Edizioni Quasar copia autore copia autore SOMMARIO PREMESSA . 7 1 . PER UNA GRAMMATICA DELLA LINGUA ETRUSCA . GENERALIA . 11 1.0. Introduzione ........................................................11 1.1. Dal ‘paradigma dell’ermeneutica’ al ‘paradigma della grammatica’ .......12 1.1.1. Prima del 1984: il ‘paradigma dell’ermeneutica’ ...................12 1.1.1.1. Sui metodi ‘tradizionali’: Pallottino 1969 → 1978 e Rix 1971 → Prosdocimi 1985. 14 1.1.2. 1984: dalla ‘ermeneutica’ alla ‘grammatica’ .......................16 1.2. Riflessioni sul tema ‘grammatica della lingua etrusca’ ...............28 2 . PER UNA GRAMMATICA DELLA LINGUA ETRUSCA . EXEMPLA . IL SINTAGMA NOMINALE . 37 Parte prima. Morfologia di plurale .................................37 2.0. Premessa ......................................................37 2.1. Status quaestionis ...............................................39 2.2. I numerali e la marcatura del plurale ..............................45 2.2.1. snuiaφ/snuiuφ: un numerale? ................................54 2.3. Dalla grammatica all’ermeneutica, e ritorno (Zirkel im Verstehen). .56 2.3.1. *-(i)σva(-) .................................................56 2.3.2. tênθur ....................................................58 2.3.3. tivr-/ti(i)ur- ...............................................60 2.3.4. -
Mares, Maris, Mars, and the Archaic Gods
MARES, MARIS, MARS, AND THE ARCHAIC GODS (Con la tav. XXXVIII f. t.) This article will be an interpretation of an old myth about a centaur Maris and an attempt at showing his place in the world of the archaic gods .* It can be said in general that the archaic Mediterranean peoples’ concept of life and death was different from that of the classical world. Their gods were different. Many of the important ones were what we call chthonic or chthonian, for the want of a better name. Chthonic, according to Webster’s Dictionary, is said of a divinity or spirit, dwelling or reigning in the underworld. However, most of those that interest us here could live in either world or commute between the two worlds. Those gods were plentiful in the Minoan, the old Roman, and the old Etruscan world. The first step must, of necessity, be an examination of the Maris myth, Se- condly, a characterization of the divinities with whom Maris was associated will reveal his nature. Thirdly, it will be timely to look at him in a larger environment. A natural point of departure is a recent article by Erika Simon « Il dio Marte nell’arte dell’Italia Centrale » *. This article is not a discussion of Mars in the art of Central Italy, as the title seems to indicate; it is rather an attempt at interpreting a picture on the side of a late 4th century Praenestine cista 2. * Besides the usual abbreviations <BCH, CIL, CIE, PW, etc.) these abbreviations are used: Bayet: J. Bayet, Herclé, Paris 1926. -
Presentation of Italia Ante Romanum Imperium an Etruscan Herbal?
VOLUME: 5WINTER, 2006 An Etruscan Herbal? Presentation of Italia ante by Kyle P. Johnson New York University Romanum imperium Among the approximately 200 Etruscan words which have come down to us are over fifty glosses, synonyms of Greek and Latin words from ancient authors found in the margins of medieval man- uscripts and preserved in the manuscript tradition. 1 Among these glosses, thirteen plant names are of particular inter- est. They are preserved in two codices (R and V) of Dioscorides of Anazarbus’ de Materia Medica, a first-century compendium of pharmacologi- cal uses of plants, minerals, and animal products.2 These glosses have a fascinating history and are of value not only to philolo- gists of the Etruscan lan- The Bay of Pyrgi seen from the Castle of Santa Severa, with a storm at sea. The arrows guage, but also to scholars of indicate the site of the monumental sanctuary (left) and the Area Sud (right). In the Roman religious practice. background, the Monti Ceriti. (Photo G. Colonna 1993). The source of the glosses in the de Materia Medica is a matter for speculation. The likeli- Italia ante Romanum imperium. Scritti di sion by reading a letter by Giovanni Pugliese est candidate is the first-century CE lexicog- Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger L. © 1995- antichità etrusche, italiche e romane (1958- Carratelli, who could not be present. rapher Pamphilus of Alexandria, who com- 2005 Missouri Botanical Garden 1998) , 6 vols., by Giovanni Colonna. Roma, Giovanni Colonna, Professor of Etruscan http://www.illustratedgarden.org/) piled a now-lost lexicon in ninety-five Pisa, Istituti Editoriali e Poligrafici Studies at the Sapienza University in Rome, is 3 books. -
The First Chapter of the Cortona Inscription
The first chapter of the Cortona inscription Koen Wylin (This is a pdf of the paper that was published in Etruscan News 5 (2006), pp. 6‑7.) From an analysis of the technical terms used in the famous Tabula Cortonensis, it is obvious to me that it is a juridical document, comparable in part to the Cippus Perusinus. The text presents a contract between two parties concerning the sale, the acquisition or concession of certain goods.1 Groups of persons are listed as being opponents, interested parties or perhaps witnesses of the transaction. Scholars debate the function of the lists of persons as well as the interpretation of terms such as cenu, nuºanatur and êprus. According to Agostiniani & Nicosia, the editors of the editio princeps of the inscription, the first chapter of the text describes the selling or letting of property by Petru Shcevas and the Cushu brothers to small farmers. This distribution of property fits in with the social situation in Etruria after the Punic Wars.2 The transaction itself is expressed by the passive verb form cenu, which is accompanied by an ablative indicating the agent pêtruis ¶cêvês.3 The relevant lines are cited below. et pêtruis ¶cêvês êliunts vinac restmc cenu tênºur sar cu¶uºuras lari¶al[i]¶vla pe¶c ¶pante tênºur ¶a sran sarc clºil têr¶na ºui ¶panºi mlesiêºic rasna SIIIIC In chapter one the emphasis is on the verb form cenu. Thus far, two interpretations have been given, one by Facchetti (2000), another by Maggiani (2002).4 An important problem for the interpretation of this passage is the fact that cu¶uºuras is inflected for a different case than pêtruis ¶cêvês, which indicates that they assume different syntactic functions within the clause. -
Tesi Completa Nicol Valeri-3
1 A mia madre, grazie di tutto il tuo aiuto. 2 3 Indice Introduzione..................................................................................................................8 Capitolo 1 Introduzione sugli Etruschi ..................................................................10 1.1 Nove secoli di Storia Etrusca................................................................................10 1.2 L'origine genetica degli Etruschi..........................................................................14 Capitolo 2 Cibo, Agricoltura ed Erbe Medicinali .................................................16 2.1 Cibo, Agricoltura ed Erbe Medicinali...................................................................16 2.1.1 Il banchetto.........................................................................................................18 2.1.2 Le erbe medicinali degli Etruschi......................................................................18 2.2 Alimentazione e Convivio nei riti funebri............................................................19 2.2.1 Uso di alcune piante nei rituali..........................................................................20 Capitolo 3 La Confederazione delle Dodici Città ..................................................21 3.1 I Lucmoni – la Dodecapoli Etrusca......................................................................21 3.2.1 Il Fanum Voltumnae...........................................................................................22 Capitolo 4 La Lingua................................................................................................23 -
Work Notes on the Perugia Cippus - a Survey of Etruscan Phrases Texts - ______
Work notes on the Perugia Cippus - a survey of Etruscan Phrases texts - _____________________________________________________________ Update, April 27, 2017 By Mel Copeland relating to http://www.maravot.com/Translation_Perugia_Cippus.html a work in progress The Cippus Perusinus or Cippus of Perugia is a stele discovered on the hill of San Marco, near Perugia, Italy, in 1822. It is written on two sides. The date of the inscription is considered to be 3rd or 2nd century BCE. This script appears to be a history, including a great queen whose name is Sarina. A small bronze bust of her with her name carved on her forehead is in the Louvre. She was an extraordinarily beautiful woman as can be seen in her bust. One name is repeated in this stele, A8VNA. The word RVI (roi, king) appears at the end of the text. All other names are of queens, including in order of appearance: FEL RINA = the great queen. FEL RINA SARINA FEL RINA HINeRA (The name Hinera also appears in the Zagreb Mummy text) FEL RINA NAPER FEL RINA SATENE, SATENA FEL RINA ACILVNE TVRVNE (the great queen of the north, of Turin) FEL RINA AVONA (A8VNA) The stele is inscribed on two sides and is in the Perugia Museum. Images of the stele are courtesy of the museum. K1 E VRAT TANNA LARE SVCI (I from K6) since (L. e, ex) he/she requests (L. oro-are, 1 to speak, talk, orat Indef. Pres. 3rd pers. singl. orat); Tanna (TANNA, goddess? Tanit*, Phoenician mother/warrior goddess, like Astarte and Roman Juno), by the household diety (L. -
Neues Zur Sprache Der Stele Von Lemnos (Zweiter Teil)
Heiner Eichner Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Wien Neues zur Sprache der Stele von Lemnos (Zweiter Teil) This is the second installment of the author’s investigation of the Tyrsenian language family. After treating the preliminary issues in a first article in JLR 7, the present article is dedicated to the decipherment of the two texts on the Kaminia stele (but also takes other issues into ac- count). A short gloss is offered for each individual word. For all but a few forms an Etruscan etymology is also proposed. Eight different personal names are identified, which can be as- signed to the genealogies of three persons, which span at least three generations. Two of the people identified are the tomb-owners Aker and [X]r, the third one Phokia is an eponymic functionary. Aker’s genealogy extends in fact over a fourth generation, as it extends back to his great grandfather Vanal. For both tomb-owners a cursus honorum is revealed, which re- sembles political careers known from Ancient Italy. An exhaustive commentary on the rela- tion between the monument and the inscription and on the first three items of text A is given. The genetic relation of Lemnian to Etruscan and Raetic is worked out according to standards of comparative grammar. The linguistic affiliation of Lemnian can now at long last be con- sidered proven. Surprisingly, however, there are several words and personal names in Lem- nian, which seem to have been borrowed from Indo-European languages spoken in Italy. The terminology and practice of administration may also point in this direction. -
Rome Et La Méditerranée Occidentale Jusqu'aux Guerres Puniques Nouvelle Clio
ROME ET LA MÉDITERRANÉE OCCIDENTALE JUSQU'AUX GUERRES PUNIQUES NOUVELLE CLIO L'HISTOIRE ET SES PROBLÈMES COLLECTION FONDÉE PAR ROBERT BOUTRUCHE ET PAUL LEMERLE ET DIRIGÉE PAR JEAN DELUMEAU ET CLAUDE LEPELLEY ROME ET LA MÉDITERRANÉE OCCIDENTALE JUSQU'AUX GUERRES PUNIQUES JACQUES HEURGON MEMBRE DE L'INSTITUT PROFESSEUR A LA SORBONNE PRESSES UNIVERSITAIRES DE FRANCE A la mémoire d'André Biganiol ISBN 2 13 045701 0 ISSN 0768-2379 Dépôt légal — 1 édition : 1969 3 édition mise à jour : 1993. mai © Presses Universitaires de France, 1969 108, boulevard Saint-Germain, 75006 Paris AVANT-PROPOS On voudrait retracer ici la formation et les premiers dévelop- pements des peuples qui, à l'époque protohistorique et archaïque, sont apparus autour du bassin occidental de la Méditerranée, en Italie et en Sicile, en Gaule, en Espagne et dans l'Afrique du Nord. Ce sera aussi et surtout l'histoire, replacée dans son cadre naturel, des origines de la puissance romaine qui, longtemps inaperçue au milieu de civilisations plus affirmées dont elle était tributaire, soumettrait un jour tous ces peuples à sa loi. Nous nous arrêterons au moment (264) où Rome, ayant conquis l'Italie à l' exclusion de la Gaule Cisalpine et des îles, a procédé ainsi à une première unification de la péninsule; elle se révèle alors au monde grec comme le seul État capable de le relayer dans sa lutte séculaire contre Carthage, et inaugure pleinement une poli- tique méditerranéenne. Cette étude, dans ses ambitions limitées, ne saurait remplacer d'excellents ouvrages, telle la Conquête romaine d'A. Piganiol, dont la 5 édition (1967), réaffirmant des conclusions antérieures, vient néanmoins d'être entièrement refondue et mise à jour. -
Some Reflections on the Inscription of the Cippus Perusinus (Cp)
SOME REFLECTIONS ON THE INSCRIPTION OF THE CIPPUS PERUSINUS (CP) Abst r act . This article focuses on the inscription of the Cippus Perusinus that is dated to the late third or early second century BC. It critically analyzes the interpretations and translations of the text, published by G. Μ. Facchetti in 2000 and 2005. It suggests new interpretations of the lexemes aras, enesci, esta, falas, fulumxva, fusleri, helu, hin6a, lescul, mena, scune, sleleö, tanna, tezan, tularu, xiem, zeriuna, and zuci. At least ten other lexemes cannot yet be translated. In view of the absence of loanwords from Batin and the repeated references to tesna rasna (the Etruscan law) the inscrip- tion describes a genuinely Etruscan legal action rather than one that was influenced by Boman practice. Introduction This article presents a summary account of our understanding of the inscription of the Cippus Perusinus to date1* . The text of this inscription, dated to the end of the third and beginning of the second century BC2 3describes a legal agreement between two families, Velthina and Afuna. In 2000 G. Μ. Facchetti tentatively translated the text in Frammenti di diritto privato etrusco0, using the ‘bilinguistic’ approach, by comparing Roman legal practice. In 2005 he published an English translation, with some corrections4. His interpretations are thought provoking since many lexemes are hapax legomena and the semantic values of several other ones are disputed. Therefore, it is worthwhile to compare his interpretations to those of other scholars who have paid attention to the CP text since 2000. My thanks are due to Larissa Bonfante, Massimiliano Canuti, Heiner Eichner, Riccardo Massarelli, Francesco Roncalli, and Koen Wylin. -
Der Name Der Dioskuren Im Etruskischen
DER NAME DER DIOSKUREN IM ETRUSKISCHEN Ein vom Vasenmaler Euxitheos (Ende des VI Jhs. vor Chr.) signierter prachtvoller rotfiguriger Krater mit einem Durchmesser von 0,52 m. gehört zu den wahren Schätzen des Museums in Tar- quinia. Unter dem Fusse befindet sich eine mit grossen deutlichen Buchstaben eingeritzte etruskische Inschrift ohne Wortteilung : itunturucevenelapelinastinascliniiaras Am 22. Mai 1928 hat mir der Direktor des Museums Herr Pro- fessor G. Cultrera Gelegenheit bereitet, die Inschrift abzuzeichnen. Sie wird schon von Fabretti, Suppl., Ill, 356 richtig wiedergege- ben. Nur sind die von Fabretti eingestreuten Punkte bedeutungs- lose Exkoriationen. Vgl. Corssen, Sprache der Etr., II, Tafel XXV, I. Die Worte werden von Torp, Christiania Vidensk. -Selsk. Skr., 1906, Nr. 8, S. 21, folgendermassen abgeteilt: itun turuce venel apelinas tinas cliniìaras Seine Uebersetzung lautet : << Die Schale gab Venel Apelinas dem Tina Clmiara (Beiname?) ». Dass es sich um eine Dedikation handelt, ist klar. Die Bedeutung von turuce « dedit, dedicavit » ist längst erkannt (siehe z. B. Trombetti, La lingua etrusca, § 65). Die Form des Verbums wechselt nach Ort und Zeit. Am häufigsten findet sich turce CIE, 301 (Saena), 437, 438, 447 (Cortona), 2403 (Clusium), Fabr. 2603 (orig. ine.), geschrieben turke Not. Scavi, 1895, 242 (Perusia), daneben tree Fabr. 2613 (orig, ine.), turunke Not. Scavi, 1882, 371 (Norditalien), vielleicht auch tiurk- CIE, 1546 (Clusium; arch.). Es folgt gleich zweifellos der nicht ungewöhnliche Vorname venel, Gen. vendus, (z. B. CIE, 404 (Arretium), 4620 (Saena), 4926, 4927. 4936, 4953. 4960, 5006, 5009, 5021, 5023, 5045, 5047, 364 5049 (Volsinii vet.). Die aufgezählten Inschriften sind ohne Ausnahme archaisch, wie die Inschrift des Kraters von Tarqumii.