Paolo Giulierini
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Umbria from the Iron Age to the Augustan Era
UMBRIA FROM THE IRON AGE TO THE AUGUSTAN ERA PhD Guy Jolyon Bradley University College London BieC ILONOIK.] ProQuest Number: 10055445 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10055445 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Abstract This thesis compares Umbria before and after the Roman conquest in order to assess the impact of the imposition of Roman control over this area of central Italy. There are four sections specifically on Umbria and two more general chapters of introduction and conclusion. The introductory chapter examines the most important issues for the history of the Italian regions in this period and the extent to which they are relevant to Umbria, given the type of evidence that survives. The chapter focuses on the concept of state formation, and the information about it provided by evidence for urbanisation, coinage, and the creation of treaties. The second chapter looks at the archaeological and other available evidence for the history of Umbria before the Roman conquest, and maps the beginnings of the formation of the state through the growth in social complexity, urbanisation and the emergence of cult places. -
0. Introduction L2/12-386
Doc Type: Working Group Document Title: Revised Proposal to Encode Additional Old Italic Characters Source: UC Berkeley Script Encoding Initiative (Universal Scripts Project) Author: Christopher C. Little ([email protected]) Status: Liaison Contribution Action: For consideration by JTC1/SC2/WG2 and UTC Replaces: N4046 (L2/11-146R) Date: 2012-11-06 0. Introduction The existing Old Italic character repertoire includes 31 letters and 4 numerals. The Unicode Standard, following the recommendations in the proposal L2/00-140, states that Old Italic is to be used for the encoding of Etruscan, Faliscan, Oscan, Umbrian, North Picene, and South Picene. It also specifically states that Old Italic characters are inappropriate for encoding the languages of ancient Italy north of Etruria (Venetic, Raetic, Lepontic, and Gallic). It is true that the inscriptions of languages north of Etruria exhibit a number of common features, but those features are often exhibited by the other scripts of Italy. Only one of these northern languages, Raetic, requires the addition of any additional characters in order to be fully supported by the Old Italic block. Accordingly, following the addition of this one character, the Unicode Standard should be amended to recommend the encoding of Venetic, Raetic, Lepontic, and Gallic using Old Italic characters. In addition, one additional character is necessary to encode South Picene inscriptions. This proposal is divided into five parts: The first part (§1) identifies the two unencoded characters (Raetic Ɯ and South Picene Ũ) and demonstrates their use in inscriptions. The second part (§2) examines the use of each Old Italic character, as it appears in Etruscan, Faliscan, Oscan, Umbrian, South Picene, Venetic, Raetic, Lepontic, Gallic, and archaic Latin, to demonstrate the unifiability of the northern Italic languages' scripts with Old Italic. -
Three Main Groups of People Settled on Or Near the Italian Peninsula and Influenced Roman Civilization
Three main groups of people settled on or near the Italian peninsula and influenced Roman civilization. The Latins settled west of the Apennine Mountains and south of the Tiber River around 1000 B.C.E. While there were many advantages to their location near the river, frequent flooding also created problems. The Latin’s’ settlements were small villages built on the “Seven Hills of Rome”. These settlements were known as Latium. The people were farmers and raised livestock. They spoke their own language which became known as Latin. Eventually groups of these people united and formed the city of Rome. Latin became its official language. The Etruscans About 400 years later, another group of people, the Etruscans, settled west of the Apennines just north of the Tiber River. Archaeologists believe that these people came from the eastern Mediterranean region known as Asia Minor (present day Turkey). By 600 B.C.E., the Etruscans ruled much of northern and central Italy, including the town of Rome. The Etruscans were excellent builders and engineers. Two important structures the Romans adapted from the Etruscans were the arch and the cuniculus. The Etruscan arch rested on two pillars that supported a half circle of wedge-shaped stones. The keystone, or center stone, held the other stones in place. A cuniculus was a long underground trench. Vertical shafts connected it to the ground above. Etruscans used these trenches to irrigate land, drain swamps, and to carry water to their cities. The Romans adapted both of these structures and in time became better engineers than the Etruscans. -
Archaeological and Literary Etruscans: Constructions of Etruscan Identity in the First Century Bce
ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND LITERARY ETRUSCANS: CONSTRUCTIONS OF ETRUSCAN IDENTITY IN THE FIRST CENTURY BCE John B. Beeby A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Classics in the College of Arts and Sciences. Chapel Hill 2019 Approved by: James B. Rives Jennifer Gates-Foster Luca Grillo Carrie Murray James O’Hara © 2019 John B. Beeby ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT John B. Beeby: Archaeological and Literary Etruscans: Constructions of Etruscan Identity in the First Century BCE (Under the direction of James B. Rives) This dissertation examines the construction and negotiation of Etruscan ethnic identity in the first century BCE using both archaeological and literary evidence. Earlier scholars maintained that the first century BCE witnessed the final decline of Etruscan civilization, the demise of their language, the end of Etruscan history, and the disappearance of true Etruscan identity. They saw these changes as the result of Romanization, a one-sided and therefore simple process. This dissertation shows that the changes occurring in Etruria during the first century BCE were instead complex and non-linear. Detailed analyses of both literary and archaeological evidence for Etruscans in the first century BCE show that there was a lively, ongoing discourse between and among Etruscans and non-Etruscans about the place of Etruscans in ancient society. My method musters evidence from Late Etruscan family tombs of Perugia, Vergil’s Aeneid, and Books 1-5 of Livy’s history. Chapter 1 introduces the topic of ethnicity in general and as it relates specifically to the study of material remains and literary criticism. -
Etruscan News 20
Volume 20 20th ANNIVERSARY ISSUE Winter 2018 XXIX Conference of Etruscan and of Giacomo Devoto and Luisa Banti, Italic Studies and where he eventually became Luisa L’Etruria delle necropoli Banti’s successor as Professor of Etruscan Studies at the University of rupestri Florence. Tuscania-Viterbo For twenty years he was the October 26-28, 2017 President of the National Institute of Reviewed by Sara Costantini Etruscan and Italic Studies, with me at his side as Vice President, and for ten From 26 to 28 October, the XXIX years he was head of the historic Conference of Etruscan and Italic Etruscan Academy of Cortona as its Studies, entitled “The Etruria of the Lucumo. He had long directed, along- Rock-Cut Tombs,” took place in side Massimo Pallottino, the Course of Tuscania and Viterbo. The many schol- Etruscology and Italic Antiquities of the ars who attended the meeting were able University for Foreigners of Perugia, to take stock of the new knowledge and and was for some years President of the the problems that have arisen, 45 years Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae after the first conference dedicated to Classicae (LIMC), for which he wrote interior Etruria. The first day’s activi- more than twenty entries. ties, which took place in the Rivellino Cortona, member of the Accademia dei Giovannangelo His activity as field archaeologist Theater “Veriano Luchetti” of Tuscania, Lincei and President of the National Camporeale included the uninterrupted direction, with excellent acoustics, had as their Institute of Etruscan and Italic Studies; 1933-2017 since 1980, of the excavation of the main theme the historical and archaeo- he died on July 1 of this year. -
Etruscan News 19
Volume 19 Winter 2017 Vulci - A year of excavation New treasures from the Necropolis of Poggio Mengarelli by Carlo Casi InnovativeInnovative TechnologiesTechnologies The inheritance of power: reveal the inscription King’s sceptres and the on the Stele di Vicchio infant princes of Spoleto, by P. Gregory Warden by P. Gregory Warden Umbria The Stele di Vicchio is beginning to by Joachim Weidig and Nicola Bruni reveal its secrets. Now securely identi- fied as a sacred text, it is the third 700 BC: Spoleto was the center of longest after the Liber Linteus and the Top, the “Tomba della Truccatrice,” her cosmetics still in jars at left. an Umbrian kingdom, as suggested by Capua Tile, and the earliest of the three, Bottom, a warrior’s iron and bronze short spear with a coiled handle. the new finds from the Orientalizing securely dated to the end of the 6th cen- necropolis of Piazza d’Armi that was tury BCE. It is also the only one of the It all started in January 2016 when even the heavy stone cap of the chamber partially excavated between 2008 and three with a precise archaeological con- the guards of the park, during the usual cover. The robbers were probably dis- 2011 by the Soprintendenza text, since it was placed in the founda- inspections, noticed a new hole made by turbed during their work by the frequent Archeologia dell’Umbria. The finds tions of the late Archaic temple at the grave robbers the night before. nightly rounds of the armed park guards, were processed and analysed by a team sanctuary of Poggio Colla (Vicchio di Strangely the clandestine excavation but they did have time to violate two of German and Italian researchers that Mugello, Firenze). -
Review of P. Gregory Warden, from the Temple and the Tomb Peter Nulton Rhode Island School of Design, [email protected]
Rasenna: Journal of the Center for Etruscan Studies Volume 2 | Issue 1 Article 6 2009 Review of P. Gregory Warden, From the Temple and the Tomb Peter Nulton Rhode Island School of Design, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/rasenna Recommended Citation Nulton, Peter (2010) "Review of P. Gregory Warden, From the Temple and the Tomb," Rasenna: Journal of the Center for Etruscan Studies: Vol. 2: Iss. 1, Article 6. Available at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/rasenna/vol2/iss1/6 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the CES Electronic Resources at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Rasenna: Journal of the Center for Etruscan Studies by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. From the Temple and the Tomb: Etruscan Treasures from Tuscany. P. Gregory Warden, (ed.). Dallas: Meadows Museum, SMU, 2009. Pp. 359. ISBN 978-1-60702- 755-3. $45.00. Reviewed by Peter Nulton, Rhode Island School of Design Exhibition catalogues have traditionally contained a number of related essays, but this volume is exceptional in the depth and breadth of the articles included. With topics ranging from urban landscape, to language, to gender studies, From the Temple and the Tomb can serve as a primer for the study of Etruscan culture. It is detailed enough to bring scholars working in tangentially-related specialties up to date on the rapid changes taking place in Etruscology. Importantly, for such a work, high-quality images abound. -
Le Parole Etrusche Ame, Amce E La Revisione Di Ie. *Yem- ‘Paaren’
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Emerita (E-Journal) LE PAROLE ETRUSCHE AME, AMCE E LA REVISIONE DI IE. *YEM- ‘PAAREN’ ADOLFO ZAVARONI The main purpose of this article is to demonstrate the groundlessness of the old and common thesis according to which Etr. ame, amuke, amce are parts of the verb “to be”. We can search for the true meaning of these words with the help of the so-called “comparative method”, a method that, in the last few decades, did not enjoy its due share of attention. My underlying thesis is that Etruscan, although not being an Indo-European language, has many IndoEuropean stems, which it acquired during many centuries of contacts. The comparative method might be of help just provided we strictly stick to the rules that define the phonological system of Etruscan (in the present work I present the system of the stops only). –– The term am(u)ce indicates ‘to be united, to make a pair with, co-’. In fact, amce is mainly found in connection with the words puia ‘wife’ and zilaθ (magistracy constituted by two or more persons). In extant inscriptions, we also find twice the word ame connected to puia, yet in most cases ame is a particle placed after the verb, where it fulfills the same function of the latin preverb cum, co-. As an example, in the Tabula Cortonensis the words eprus ame mean ‘co-operantur, (they) sacrifice together’. Moreover, there are five occurrences of the particle ama connected with the word ipa. -
Emily's Thesis
TALKIN’ BOUT A REVOLUTION CULTURAL EFFECTS ON THE TRANSITION FROM ORAL TO WRITTEN LITERATURE by Emily Poelina-Hunter submitted to Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Classical Studies Victoria University of Wellington 2009 Thank you to my family, especially Mum and Dad, Nyikina Inc., and all of my friends who supported me through this thesis with unwavering support. A few people deserve special mention: Dr Judy Deuling, Dr Bronwyn Stokes, Colleen Hattersley, Jo Whalley, Jen Oliver, Nicole Semple, Alastair Pharo and Alex Wilson. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Chapter 1 NYIKINA CASE STUDY 8 The importance of traditional narratives 10 Concepts of myth and storytelling 12 Story 14 Legend 17 History 18 Myth 19 Bookarrarra: a Nyikina approach to myth 23 How oral traditions are supported by a hunter-gatherer-fisher culture 24 Literature 27 Bookarrarra, booroo and nganka: myth, land and language 28 Language and colonization 33 Nyikina attitudes towards writing 36 Conclusions 42 Glossary of Nyikina terms 44 Nyikina Plate sources 45 Nyikina Plates 46 Chapter 2 MINOAN CASE STUDY 51 Part I: The beginnings of religon 51 Introduction to sedentary Minoan culture: Myrtos 55 Characteristics of the Cretan Hieroglyphic Script 59 Part II The rise of sedentism and its effects on Minoan Culture 62 Origins of the syllabic Cretan Hieroglyphic Script 63 Literacy 66 Who was using the Cretan Hieroglyphic Script? 68 Writing: a gift from the gods 70 Eteocretans 72 Regional variances 74 Proto-Linear -
Etruscan and Italic Literacy and the Case of Rome
Author Query AQ1 Please provide the complete details of the reference if published. 0002514760.indd 1 4/25/2015 12:21:34 PM CHAPTER 13 Etruscan and Italic Literacy and the Case of Rome Daniele F. Maras “Writing probably spread quite quickly from the Greeks in Italy to some of the native peoples. How and exactly why this happened we do not know …” (Harris 1989: 149). In 25 years from the publication of W. V. Harris’ valuable monograph on Ancient Literacy, much has been added to our knowledge on the acquisition of writing in Orientalizing Italy; recent achievements allow us to sketch a clearer picture of the earliest history of literacy among the peoples of pre‐Roman Italy. This chapter intends to p rovide an introduction to the subject of schooling and literacy in the late Roman Republic and Empire, and to show how literacy had actually in Italy a longer and more complex h istory than is usually admitted (Cornell 1991). 1. The Origins Writing had already arrived in Italy by way of Greek commerce in the course of the eighth century BCE (Cornell 1991: 8; Bonfante and Bonfante 2002: 7–13). The earliest epigraphic document in Italy dating from this period, a graffito from Gabii in Latium, was considered by several scholars to be Greek (ευλιν(ος), an epithet: “spinning well”; or ευοιν, a Dionysian cheer) (lastly, Guzzo 2011: 63–65, with further bibliography and a new interpretation; and Powell 2009: 235–236); but Giovanni Colonna has recently suggested that it is Latin (ni lue, “do not untie me”—G. -
The Tabula Cortonensis and Land Transactions
THE TABULA CORTONENSIS AND LAND TRANSACTIONS Recently R. A. Wallace has dedicated a chapter of his book ‘Zikh Rasna. A Manual of Etruscan Language and Inscriptions' (2008) to the inscription of the bronze Tabula Cortonensis\ The Tablet of Cortona, hereafter TCo, was handed in by a carpenter to the Carabinieri at Camucia (Cortona) in 1992. The editio princeps was published by L. Agostiniani and F. Nicosia in 2000. The text is extremely important since it is, after the Liber linteus Zagrabiensis and the Tabula Capuana, the third longest extant Etruscan text (206 words; 32 lines on side A and 8 lines on side B). It is, however, difficult to interpret and translate for lexical, morphological, grammatical, and syntactical reasons. Wallace’s tentative translation of the text is based on interpretations and translations advanced by Agostiniani and Nicosia (2000), H. Rix (2000, 2002), G. Μ. Facchetti (2000, 2002b), A. Maggiani (2001, 2002b), V. Scarano Ussani and Μ. Torelli (2003), K. Wylin (2002a, 2006b) and I.-J. Adiego (2005). The publications of C. De Simone (1998-2007), P. Amann (2005), Wylin (2005) and Torelli (2005) were not used by Wallace. It appears that there is no consensus on the meaning(s) of about half of the sixty different non- onomastic lexical units, many of which are or look like hapax legomena. This article aims to detect their semantic values from the textual context and with the use of the combinatory method, that is, by comparing words in the TCo text with those in the corpus of ca 11,000 Etruscan inscriptions. Some words and syntagmata will also be studied from a chrono-typological, interlinguistic, etymological, and contemporary, bicultural perspective (e.g. -
Su Numerusm Genus E Sexus. Elementi Per Una Grammatica Dell
copia autore QUADERNI DI EVTOPIA Su numerus, genus e sexus. COMMENTARII NOVI DE ANTIQVITATIBVS TOTIVS EVROPAE Elementi per una grammatica dell’etrusco Luca Rigobianco, Luca Rigobianco Su numerus , genus e sexus ISBN 978-88-7140-539-1 € 28,00 Edizioni Quasar copia autore QUADERNI DI EVTOPIA COMMENTARII NOVI DE ANTIQVITATIBVS TOTIVS EVROPAE Rivista diretta da Adriano La Regina 9 copia autore © Roma 2013 - Edizioni Quasar di Severino Tognon srl via Ajaccio 41-43, I-00198 Roma tel. 0685358444, fax 0685833591 www.edizioniquasar.it [email protected] ISBN 978-88-7140-539-1 copia autore Luca Rigobianco Su numerus, genus e sexus. Elementi per una grammatica dell’etrusco Edizioni Quasar copia autore copia autore SOMMARIO PREMESSA . 7 1 . PER UNA GRAMMATICA DELLA LINGUA ETRUSCA . GENERALIA . 11 1.0. Introduzione ........................................................11 1.1. Dal ‘paradigma dell’ermeneutica’ al ‘paradigma della grammatica’ .......12 1.1.1. Prima del 1984: il ‘paradigma dell’ermeneutica’ ...................12 1.1.1.1. Sui metodi ‘tradizionali’: Pallottino 1969 → 1978 e Rix 1971 → Prosdocimi 1985. 14 1.1.2. 1984: dalla ‘ermeneutica’ alla ‘grammatica’ .......................16 1.2. Riflessioni sul tema ‘grammatica della lingua etrusca’ ...............28 2 . PER UNA GRAMMATICA DELLA LINGUA ETRUSCA . EXEMPLA . IL SINTAGMA NOMINALE . 37 Parte prima. Morfologia di plurale .................................37 2.0. Premessa ......................................................37 2.1. Status quaestionis ...............................................39 2.2. I numerali e la marcatura del plurale ..............................45 2.2.1. snuiaφ/snuiuφ: un numerale? ................................54 2.3. Dalla grammatica all’ermeneutica, e ritorno (Zirkel im Verstehen). .56 2.3.1. *-(i)σva(-) .................................................56 2.3.2. tênθur ....................................................58 2.3.3. tivr-/ti(i)ur- ...............................................60 2.3.4.