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Home , Anna Marguerite McCann, Ceri, Etruscan alphabet, Etruscology, Futa Pass, Giampietro Campana

Volume 20 20th ANNIVERSARY ISSUE Winter 2018

XXIX Conference of Etruscan and of Giacomo Devoto and Luisa Banti, Italic Studies and where he eventually became Luisa L’ delle necropoli Banti’ successor as Professor of Etruscan Studies at the University of rupestri . Tuscania-Viterbo For twenty years he was the October 26-28, 2017 President of the National Institute of Reviewed by Sara Costantini Etruscan and Italic Studies, with me at his side as Vice President, and for ten From 26 to 28 October, the XXIX years he was head of the historic Conference of Etruscan and Italic Etruscan Academy of Cortona as its Studies, entitled “The Etruria of the Lucumo. He had long directed, along- Rock-Cut Tombs,” took place in side , the Course of Tuscania and Viterbo. The many schol- and Italic Antiquities of the ars who attended the meeting were able University for Foreigners of , to take stock of the new knowledge and and was for some years President of the the problems that have arisen, 45 years Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae after the first conference dedicated to Classicae (LIMC), for which he wrote interior Etruria. The first day’s activi- more than twenty entries. ties, which took place in the Rivellino Cortona, member of the Accademia dei Giovannangelo His activity as field archaeologist Theater “Veriano Luchetti” of Tuscania, Lincei and President of the National Camporeale included the uninterrupted direction, with excellent acoustics, had as their Institute of Etruscan and Italic Studies; 1933-2017 since 1980, of the excavation of the main theme the historical and archaeo- he died on July 1 of this year. He had A Remembrance Lago dell’Accesa in in logical context of southern Etruria. After strongly promoted this conference, and by Giovanni Colonna the mining district of . No less the usual greetings from the authorities, had already prepared his report. He will demanding was his work for and direc- Prof. Luigi Donati recalled the figure of long remain in the memory of those who Giovannangelo Camporeale left us tion of major exhibitions such as Giovannangelo Camporeale, Professor knew him, not only as an unusually tal- on July 1, 2017, not quite 84 years old, L’Etruria mineraria in 1985, and espe- Emeritus of Etruscan and Italic ented professor and archaeologist but after an extraordinarily active life. Born cially Gli Etruschi e l’Europa in 1992- Antiquity at the University of Florence, also for his great humanity and his in Molfetta in the land of Bari, he came 93. His research interests — as shown Lucumone of the Etruscan Academy of infectious enthu- continued on page 4 to study in Florence, where was a pupil by his numer- continued on page 39 New Etruscan Gallery premieres at the Getty Villa The Etruscans – World Culture in Ancient by Claire L. Lyons December 16, 2017 – June 17, 2018, Karlsruhe Castle In the winter 2017 issue of Etruscan of the thirty galleries have been 25 years ago in 1993 in Berlin a well known Badisches Landesmuseum. News, the reinstallation of the Getty redesigned and opened to the public so major exhibition entitled “The The exhibition “Die Etrusker. Villa in Malibu was announced, and one far, including second-floor rooms dedi- Etruscans and Europe” was held at the Weltkultur im antiken Italien” is held in year later the project to reimagine the cated to and the history of Altes Museum. Now the Etruscans cooperation with the Italian Ministry of displays is well under way. About half c o l l e c t i n g continued on page 16 return to Germany, to Karlsruhe, to the Culture and continued on page 18 Here comes the Sun, Usil, the sun god acquired by the Getty Museum The sun also rises on the gold fibula from shown in Karlsruhe. LETTERS TO THE EDITORS

Dear Editors: Dear Editors: I want to compliment you on the I am thrilled to receive the new copy most recent edition of Etruscan News, of Etruscan News, and congratulations. which arrived last week (Vol. 19, Winter This will continue to inspire a new gen- 2017). As a long reader and recipi- eration of scholars to continue the joy ent of the News, I have noted its contin- and contribution of “our people.” uous development in length and cover- Thank you, Larissa, Jane, and Gary all age, in the number of excavation reports so much. with illustrations of important finds, If it doesn’t short you, could you descriptions of new (or renewed) muse- please send about six - eight copies of ums and collections, reviews of recent The News so I can share with family, a books on Etruscan culture, and substan- few MN Arch people here, and take one tial articles on a variety of pertinent top- to Florence when I go in April. ics of research. All in all, each Thanks, thanks so much. While I progressive issue offers more and more recently sent a contribution, I’ll put substance and increasingly claims the another check in the mail today…with attention of scholars in the field. The Full house at the Explorers Club in New York with Greg Warden pre- some biscotti — and can’t thank you current issue, 44 pages long, with many senting "New Light on the Ancient Etruscans," a lecture on new dis- enough. illustrations, in color, provides a clear coveries at . I so look forward to reading entire indication of how far Etruscan News has the News. come from its humble beginnings. Your Congratulations and love, Barb energies in its behalf have been exten- Barbara Martini Johnson sive and successful. There is, however, more to be done: better quality paper, which is needed for better quality illustrations; a change in ETRUSCAN NEWS format from the present tabloid to one Editorial Board, Issue #20, January 2018 closer to a regular journal, perhaps in glossy covers, better for library collec- tions; and some longer articles. Good Editor-in-Chief Jane Whitehead [email protected] luck to achieve these worthy objectives, Modern and Classical Languages and best wishes, Valdosta State University Sincerely, Valdosta, GA 31698 Richard Brilliant Professor Emeritus of Art History President of the U.S. Francesco de Angelis [email protected] and Section of the Istituto Art History and Archaeology Anna S. Garbedian Professor in the Anne Steiner and co-etruscophile di Stidi Etruschi ed Columbia University Humanities at Columbia University enjoy all the news that’s fit to Italici, ex officio New York, NY 10027 print at the Explorers Club. Dear Editors: Honorary Founding Larissa Bonfante [email protected] President Classics Department Etruscan News serves many then remembered an interesting article 100 Washington Square East needs. For this writer it’s from Etruscan News on a pot painting Silver Building, Room 503 “Archaeocats,” but for classicists, your that showed the transport of horses in New York, NY 10003 newsletter provides valuable stimulus vessels nearly contemporary with the for their research. First Punic War. The student is now Language Page Editor Rex Wallace [email protected] Allow me to present one example. I looking into shipboard transportation of Classics Department recently chaired a panel on military his- large animals as a future paper, and is University of Massachusetts tory for the Georgia Conference of searching image banks for contempo- Amherst, MA 01003 Historians. A promising graduate stu- rary illustrations. dent gave an excellent presentation on Etruscan News always makes me Layout-Design Editor Gary Enea [email protected] the limits of Polybius for studying the think of the tremendous significance of First Punic War. She looked at many artifacts, and how they are invaluable different aspects of the struggle between for our efforts to interpret ancient histo- Submissions, news, pictures, or other material appropriate to this newsletter may and Carthage, including how ry. Thanks for your stalwart efforts, and be sent to any of the editors listed above. The email address is preferred. logistics played a key role in victory or please keep the “Archaeocats” happy! For submissions guidelines, see Etruscan News 3 (2003). defeat. Question and answer session Sincerely, included a request for how horses and John P. Dunn Distribution of Etruscan News is made possible through the generosity of elephants were sent from Africa to Interim Chair, History NYU’s Center for Ancient Studies. Sicily. Response - not sure. The chair Valdosta State University Valdosta, GA 31698 Page 2 Letter to our Readers

Dear Readers,

This is our 20th issue, hard as it is for us to believe. At first we pub- lished two issues a year, so it was 15 years ago that Etruscan News was born as the Newsletter of the US Section of the Istituto di Studi Etruschi e Italici. We look back on our early hopes and plans for this publication and find that many of them have been fulfilled. We were inspired by the mission of Massimo Pallottino, who established the discipline of Etruscan studies on a solid basis in Italy and also on the international level, by founding the foreign sezioni. Today there are Etruscan sections in France, Germany, the US and Austria, as well as informal Etruscan groups active in Denmark, the Stephanòs Makedonios and Claire Lyons enjoy lunch “da Nazareno” Netherlands, and elsewhere. Here in the US we have seen the number of interest groups focused on the Dear Editors: The swastika: Etruscans proliferate, in universities across the country as well as more infor- From the “Svastika,” that is, mally, as audiences for lectures, and readers of the growing number of schol- Tomorrow I will send you an well-being, object of well-being, lucky arly Companions and other multi-author volumes on , religion, announcement about the Etruscan charm, it is an ancient symbol already society and material culture. Our own newsletter has developed over the exhibit at Karlsruhe, which will open on used in the Neolithic and attested in years, and now includes an online version, which is especially popular with December 16. I also wanted to let you many cultures from the Mediterranean younger readers here and abroad, and which allows it to draw together schol- know that there was a short Nachruf on to the Far East as well as in the ars, students, and Etruscophiles both passionate and casual. Camporeale in the current ANTIKE Americas. In it is associated The Istituto and our section have been undergoing changes of leadership WELT. with the power of the sun and its move- and organization. The new President of the US Section is Francesco de We have just returned from a trip to ment. The Etruscans used the symbol Angelis, with Nancy de Grummond as Vice President, and Jean MacIntosh Greek Macedonia, where we attended commonly in the Villanovan cinerary Turfa as Treasurer and Lisa Pieraccini as Secretary. The masthead still fea- an important conference in urns and as a decorative motif in jewel- tures the usual suspects, ably led by the Editor-in-Chief, Jane Whitehead, and Thessalonike. Back in Rome, I met ry, vases and robes. Most famous is the the prime mover Gary Enea, well known to our authors, contributors, and Claire Lyons after more than 8 years on swastika engraved on the walls of the printers. Nov. 17th, and had a nice lunch with her “Cavone” a via cava near . The latest change, announced on the front page, is the sad news of the “da Nazareno.” [Editor’s note: The swastika occurs death of the long-time President, Giovannangelo Camporeale, much mourned buona giornata da Roma, wherever a geometric decoration is by all his many friends and colleagues. One of our Editors was able to attend Stephanòs Makedonios used; it is the only way to have a circle, his funeral in Florence in July, and brought our condolences to his family. (Ed: AKA Stephan Steingraeber) that is a sun sign, if you are working Two meetings took place without him, the meeting of the Istituto in Tuscania with straight lines. It became the Nazi and Viterbo, where he was remembered by Luigi Donati, the Secretary of the sign because of its “Aryan,” that is Istituto, and the meeting in Orvieto, where Giovanni Colonna read an obituary. Dear Editors: Indo-European connection.] A longer obituary will appear in the next issue of Studi Etruschi. The broader The apotropaic eyes on the bow of field of Etruscan studies has also undergone great changes with important pio- Observations from an Etruscan travel- boats: neers, whose obituaries appear in this issue. er in : Municipalities in the ancient We close by wishing all our readers, old and new, a successful, interesting If it is well known that the Mediterranean world used these for and productive year, and we look forward to hearing about their various Mediterranean civilizations, including good luck to avoid the dangers of navi- Etruscan adventures. the Etruscans, owe much to the Oriental gation. Larissa Bonfante cultures, less well known is the amazing The Trishula, a weapon and Jane Whitehead fact that evident traces can still be found symbol originating in southern India: in contemporary India, and unequivocal Associated with , it represents the references to the ancient pagan cults of of Hinduism and the power of the Classical civilizations of the West. I Shiva to destroy the three worlds: the NEW SUBSCRIPTION FORM think it is plausible that these, let us say, physical world, that of the ancestors, contaminations are due to a common In order to receive the paper edition of Etruscan News, please subscribe below. Types and that of the mind, so that the dual of subscription: Individual subscribers (1-5 copies): $25 heritage of a civilization, the Indo- plane of existence can be overcome. In Institutions (1-10 copies): $50 Bulk mailings: $50 per bundle of 25. European one that developed from the the Mediterranean area the trident is the Please remit this form with a check payable to: ISSEI-Etruscan News, to Larissa 5th millennium BC. and then spread weapon of Poseidon for the Greeks, Bonfante, Classics Department, 100 Washington Square East, Silver Building Room 503, from the steppes to the North of the for the Etruscans, and then for New York University, New York, NY 10003. Caucasus both to the south-east (Indo- the Romans, or the god of the Your subscription comes with automatic membership in the US Section of the Istituto Gangetic plains), and to the west sea, tsunamis and earthquakes. In fact, di Studi Etruschi ed Italici (ISSEI), of which Etruscan News is the official Bullettino. Donations to support the online edition are always much appreciated as well, and offer (Mediterranean basin). Contaminations his recurring epithet is “enosigeo,” that the same automatic membership in ISSEI. were perhaps then reinvigorated and is, “earth shaker.” It cannot be ruled out reinterpreted thanks to commercial con- that the two mythological figures are in Please send ______# of copies to: Name: ______tacts for ivory, silk, gems and spices, some way connected. Address:______City: ______already attested in protohistoric , Saluti da Opaxir State or province: ______Postal code, Country: ______I would also like to make a donation of: ______to help support the online between India and the Mediterranean, Paolo Nannini edition and the ISSEI, NY Section. The total amount enclosed is: ______conveyed primarily by the Phoenicians.

Page 3 Tuscania, continued from page 1 ARCHAEOCAT siasm. The speakers illustrated a panorama of sites in northern and southern Etruria from the protohistoric period to the Archaic period with a variety of inter- esting methodological approaches. The day ended with a visit to the National Archaeological Museum of Tuscania, which has recently reinstalled and reopened the rooms on the ground floor. The second day’s events took place in the splendid Aula Magna of the Attendees at the conference. Rectory of the University of Tuscia within the complex of Santa Maria in rupestri: storia delle ricerche e delle Gradi in Viterbo. After the greetings, scoperte. the reports dealt with the recent excava- Maria Angela Turchetti, Adriano tions in the area of Blera and Sovana, Maggiani, Le necropoli arcaiche di Ever-curious Homer Schreiber-Whitehead, looking up from platter by which resulted in a great deal of impor- Sovana. Considerazioni alla luce degli scavi del 2015 nell’area del Tobias Mostel. The work is a part of his “Cellar Red Figure” series. tant information. The reports of the final day of the “Cavone.” conference were again held in Tuscania, Laura Ambrosini, Norchia. POETRY to which most of the reports were dedi- Vincent Jolivet, Il banchetto funerario cated. New discoveries and new studies nell’ Etruria rupestre (Grotta Scalina). now show the existence, perhaps unex- Other contributions focused on sculptur- Wind skidding grey pected until a few years ago, of a center al and architectural fragments: wide and water-logged in interior Etruria flourishing from the Adriano Maggiani, La scultura rupestre Walking from the Palazzo's archeological graft Orientalizing period until tra la fine del IV e la fine del III sec. "Nothing, nothing there," Romanization, with an consistent eco- a.C.Roma). someone said nomic and cultural prosperity. Before Simona Rafanelli, Frammenti isolati di of the places we longed for the closing of the conference, Professor architettura rupestre. where the dead lived under us Maria Donatella Gentili, the President Friedhelm Prayon, Monumenti rupestri in their little painted houses of the Association of Studies “Vincenzo nella Tuscia: invenzione romana o gazing at yellow walls Campanari,” donated to Professor tradizione etrusca? episodic, chromatic Colonna, also a member of the On October 28 in Tuscania we heard: Sheep's cloudy asymmetry Association, a ceramic plate with the Anna Maria Moretti and Sara tomb hum representation of the Tomba del Dado di Costantini, Tuscania in età oriental- where more than one dancer Peschiera, in memory of the fifty years izzante. lifts a muscular red thigh since its discovery. Laura Maria Michetti, Ideologia funer- or rests Of the many interesting reports on aria e produzioni artigianali nell’a- head carved to wide bone enigma discoveries, materials and contexts of gro falisco tra il e la prima metà at death the rock-cut tombs, these are a few that del III sec. a.C. matched by carver we would like to mention: Paul Fontaine, Artigianato artistico in to any stone torso's likeness Giovanni Colonna, L’Etruria merid- Etruria rupestre. Per un’ analisi tec- inscribed with the hidden ionale interna nella rete delle grandi nico-stilistica della lastra con dan- particularity of one still alive vie arcaiche dell’Italia peninsulare. zatori del tipo Acquarossa-Tuscania. l am Larthia Alessandro Naso, Relazioni esterne di Maria Stella Pacetti, Uno specchio etr- first words centri dell’Etruria meridionale usco inedito da Blera nel Museo found interna. Nazionale Etrusco di Rocca You lie there semi-recumbent Stephan Steingräber, L’Etruria merid- Albornoz (VT). with extravagant, elongated ionale interna e le necropoli limbs and of belly falling Tuscania museum director, Sara Costantini, far right , guides a tour. always more away from us refusing cold white grief Greek traders bartering classic marble through flat Tyrrhenian or you choose a stone lid look-alike a kind of mirror that later will cover the urn Kathleen Fraser in which your body is light and porous from Etruscan Pages as volcanic ash June 1991 in Il cuore your "clumsy lavishness" and heavy mascara - the heart selected poems 1970-1995

Page 4 ARTICLES ation of the world and the fundamental Meeting Christianity: divisions of the human environment How the Haruspices existed in the Etrusca Disciplina at least attempted to survive from the 1st century BCE. Furthermore, in the correspondence by Daniele . Maras of the millennia with “houses” (oikoi) mentioned in the Suda there is more The struggle between early than a simple reference to the zodiac, Christianity and the haruspices, as the which had been drawn from Chaldean champions of the late paganism, is well sources, according to Briquel. As a mat- known from a number of literary ter of fact, the number of twelve millen- sources (especially the Christian author nia (obtained by reduplicating the six Liver of (1st century BC). Lactantius). It even brought about one days of the Biblical creation) has a close Bronze model of a sheep liver, of the last persecutions under the emper- parallel in the twelve centuries allotted inscribed with names of Etruscan who were considered able to or Diocletian in 297 CE. to Rome according to Vettius, and to the send messages through the entrails of a sacrificed victim. In actuality, the rejection of the “for- “Twelve peoples of Etruria:” this con- eign superstitions” (externae supersti- encyclopedic lexicon, is dedicated to was known to Lactantius, too (De divi- firms the sacred relevance of the num- tiones) had been part of the competence Tyrrhenia and Tyrrhenoi and recounts nis institutionibus, 7.14.9). It should be ber twelve for the Etruscans. of the haruspices since an earlier period, the creation of the world according to an considered, however, that the very idea In this regard, it is remarkable that as Dominique Briquel has pointed out Etruscan “expert man:” of a number of millennia allotted to the series of sixteen cells on the outer with reference to the reformation of “He said that the divine creator of humankind has a genuine Etruscan fla- ribbon of the corre- their order under the emperor Claudius, all things granted to all of his accom- vor. After all, Varro recorded the ancient sponds to a series of twelve cells distrib- and Santiago Montero has recently plishments twelve thousand years, and “doctrine of the saecula,” according to uted in the two halves of the organ. shown in relation to the attempt to stop he distributed each thousand years into which the Etruscan nation was allotted Possibly, this discrepancy of numbers the spread of the cult of Isis in the 1st the twelve so-called houses. In the first ten periods of varying length (deter- had the purpose of adapting the century BCE. From this perspective, by millennium he made heaven and earth; mined by the age of the oldest person for Etruscan theory of the sky to the Near- helping public institutions to fight in the second he made the visible firma- each saeculum). After those periods, the Eastern tradition of the zodiac. against the introduction of new reli- ment, calling it heaven; in the third, the whole Etruscan name would have disap- From this perspective, it is probably gions, the haruspices were simply per- sea and all the waters on the land; in the peared. not irrelevant that part of the central forming part of their duties. fourth, the great lights, namely the sun In addition, we know that an sequence of the outer ribbon, correspon- Eventually their stubborn defense of and the moon and the stars; in the fifth, Etruscan cosmogony already existed at ding to the deities of nature, coincides paganism, however, proved fatal to the all of the living creatures, winged and least from the late Republican period, as with the sequence of the creation in the remnants of the Etruscan tradition, for it creeping, and four-footed, in the air and attested by the beginning of the prophe- passage of the caused a correspondent counter-reaction on the land and in the waters; in the on the part of the Fathers of Church. sixth, humankind. Therefore, it appears There is but a single piece of evidence that the first six millennia had passed by that demonstrates that at least some before the creation of man; the race of haruspices had tried to metabolize and humans is enduring for the remaining incorporate the new religion, presum- six millennia. Thus, the whole time until ably in order to adapt and update the completion is twelve thousand years.” Etruscan Disciplina to the changed cul- It has been clear to all commentators that this account was derived from a par- aphrase of the book of Genesis in the Bible, but substituted millennia for days. In the past, therefore, the passage has often been considered an interpola- Etruscan haruspices tion and held as irrelevant for the study offer libations in the of the Etruscan tradition. temenos of . Recently Dominique Briquel has ...... (studio INKLINK) pointed out that this passage is a splen- did example of an updating of the cy of (even though some schol- Suda, as shown in the following chart: Etruscan religious doctrine: a phenome- ars attribute it to later times): As regards the two first millennia, non that he considers characteristic of “Know that the sea was separated concerning the creation of heaven and late Antiquity, when the Etruscans did from the heavens. And when earth, it is worth noting that in the not hesitate to integrate foreign ele- claimed Etruria for himself…” Etruscan doctrine the gates between ments into their lore. It seems logical that the allusion to earth and sky were situated between the Along with the close reference to the a separation of sea from heaven 16th and 1st house and guarded by the relevant passages of the Bible — at belonged to a context in which at least a “Doorkeepers of the Earth” (Martianus times cited verbatim in the Septuagint similar separation occurred, either Capella, Nuptiae Mercurii et version — Briquel recognized Christian between the heavens and the earth, or Philologiae, 1.60: ianitores terrestres). tural and religious context. and Chaldean elements in the theory of between the sea and the land. Thus, All things considered, in my opin- An entry of the Suda, a Byzantine the twelve millennia, whose existence most probably, a text describing the cre- ion, the pas- continued on page 7 Page 5 A Rare Etruscan and its find-spot was not recorded. For the closest parallels, we can look to the Brooch Rediscovered cemeteries in ’Albegna, by Claire Lyons, , and a few other northern Jeffrey Maish and Monica Ganio Etruscan settlements, where burials replete with luxury objects in precious Iris, August 16, 2017: The reinstallation metals, ivory, amber, glass, and bronze of the Getty Villa collection is now in have been uncovered. Jewelry and full swing. We are reimagining our dis- clothing ornaments were worn in death plays to show the evolution of ancient to advertise status and prestige. Several Mediterranean art over several millen- silver and gold comb brooches — one nia and within particular cultures. Two with monkeys holding their faces in years in the planning, the task of reno- their hands (like the bronze fibula pic- vating thirty galleries has also given us tured above) — show comparable rec- an ideal opportunity to explore the col- tangular plates with hooks and loops. lection with fresh eyes. Among the inno- The tombs in which they were placed vations in store is a new gallery devoted also held blades and ax heads to the arts of the Etruscans, who flour- associated with males. ished in central and northern Italy from In the case of the Marsiliana brooch, the 8th to the 1st century BC. its owner’s rich grave was equipped When curators surveyed the collec- with weaponry, an iron funerary bed, tion in storage, a number of intriguing horse trappings, and a full-scale chariot objects came to light. One surprise was and carriage. Such contexts fill in our Fig.1: Comb brooch, 700–650 .C., Etruscan, Getty Museum. picture of the kit and dress of the elite Etruscan site of , male ancestor lae: a bronze leech fibula inlaid with ranks of Etruscan warriors. Cloaks figures from the Tomb of the Five amber from the North or Baltic Sea clasped at the shoulder are the forerun- Chairs don a rounded mantle secured at region, a gold leech fibula with foil ners of the paludamentum and lacerna the right shoulder with a similar brooch. rosettes, and a bronze fibula in the shape (Note to observant readers: although of a monkey riding a small horse. men occasionally sported earrings, this Monkey fibulae and other Egyptian- head was wrongly restored and actually style artifacts occur throughout much of belonged to another statuette of a female the Italian peninsula during what is con- ancestor, which was not preserved.) ventionally called the “Orientalizing” Standing out against the red plaid tex- period (720–580 BC), and they may be tile, their clasps were prominent badges related to fertility. Notably, these types of honor and wealth. are largely found in the burials of Flamboyant gold examples, women. unearthed in two princely tombs at Styles changed quickly. Not only Palestrina outside Rome, were studded can jewelry help to track trade patterns with figures of animals and fantastic and date find-spots, it can also be used Fig.5: Jeff and Claire examine creatures. Mythological monsters, the to distinguish gender and social identi- the erosion layers of filigree technique, and even the seated ties. By contemporary Greek and objects recovered from the soil. statue type were imports from the Near worn by Roman emperors and field Fig.2: Seated figure, perhaps an East. With its novel comb-like closure, Fig.4: Comb brooch from the commanders. this clasp was evidently a local Etruscan ancestor, once enthroned on a Circolo di Perazzeta at Marsiliana Conservation and Technical Study fashion. rock-cut chair, 625–600 BC, d’Albegna, 700–650 BC. Silver Because the hooks found in storage Etruscan. terracotta. London, Fig.3: Fibula, 700–600 BC, and gold. Florence, Museo were in good condition, we embarked British Museum. Etruscan, bronze. Getty Museum. Archeologico Nazionale. on a project to put the pieces back a group of fragments belonging to a together. Reconstructing the brooch “comb brooch,” used to fasten a cloak. called for a three-pronged approach: The ornate clasp consists of multiple studying its manufacture, analyzing the hooks (like the teeth of a comb) attached chemical composition, and restoring the to a gold-laminated silver plaque embel- object to nearly its original appearance. lished with filigree, a technique of The ancient jeweler fabricated separate applying wires to create lacy patterns. components, consisting of a central At slightly over two inches long, the plaque and two hook assemblies. A rec- brooch exemplifies the Etruscans’ mas- tangular silver plate with ten silver tery of fine metalwork and metallurgy. Ornaments and Identity Roman standards, well-to-do Etruscan loops soldered onto each long side For the last decade, part of this Brooches are among the profusion women, men, and children enjoyed forms the core of the plaque. Thirteen object was displayed in a gallery dedi- of ornaments, including buttons, pen- accessorizing — ancient authors regu- circular gold bosses and filigree, made cated to women in the ancient world. dants, and bracteates (foil appliqués larly accused them of extravagance. from twisted bar-type and round wires Archaeological excavations tell us, sewn to textiles), that decorated cloth- Comb brooches, however, are rela- set in a serpentine pattern, were soldered however, that such showy clasps were in ing. On display will be several of the tively rare. Ours came to the museum as to a gold sheet, possibly aided by a flux fact worn by men. At the southern ubiquitous garment pins known as fibu- a donation over thirty-five years ago, such as chrysocolla (literally, “gold Page 6 of copper (by way of reference, sterling silver contains 7.5% copper). The sheath of the plaque and tops of the hooks consisted of gold, with minor amounts of copper and silver. On the pointed ends of some hooks is a golden patina, which we initially suspected might be gilding. But the ele- ment distribution maps show no gold there, nor any electrum. What, then, was causing this color? The answer lies in the second map, which revealed that these areas contained bromine (Br) and chlorine (Cl). These elements suggest that the gold color on some hook tips is Fig. 6: Detail of the plaque with the result of metal deterioration. fused areas. Chlorine is often found in the corrosion layers of objects recovered from the glue”). soil. Much less common, bromine sig- Fig. 8: A scanning XRF map of the brooch prior to conservation treat- Under the microscope, we observed nals specific burial conditions: silver ment shows the spatial distribution of the two major components, that some areas had been overheated, chloride-bromide forms in high-humidi- gold and silver. causing the twisted wires to melt and ty saline environments, such as moist Haruspices, continued from page 5 flow together. Made free-hand, the fili- soil or seawater. This observation sheds In the 8th and 7th centuries BC, mar- sage in the Suda testifies to the last gree design is held together by minute light on the burial conditions—in this itime trading grew to meet the demand attempt of the haruspices of Etruscan welds joining the curved wires and for metals, and Phoenician merchants tradition to reshape their Disciplina in affixing them to the borders. The edges dominated the commercial networks. order to fit into the new Christian con- of the assembled gold sheet were then They conveyed cargoes of raw materials text. This is not just a late phenomenon, folded over the silver plate to form a and luxury goods from the Levant at the as Briquel supposes, but belongs in the decorative sheath. Thicker silver wires eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea to context of the regular and steady adapta- were doubled and bent at the end into the Atlantic seaboard of the Iberian tion of the Etruscan tradition that had hooks, each of which was embellished Peninsula, with ports of call in Greece, been the principal activity of the harus- with a roundel and a length of filigree. North Africa, and Italy. Avid mariners, pices throughout all their history How did the clasp function, espe- the Etruscans also became a naval From their perspective, the Etruscan cially in the absence of a pin and catch power to be reckoned with. At the peak divinatory practice could have contin- plate as seen on the fibulae above? We of their prosperity, they had expanded ued its function even in a changed reli- concluded that it may have been stitched beyond Etruria (modern-day Tuscany) gious environment: even in the new into the hems of a mantle, leaving the south to and north to the Po Christian world! The mortal blow was ornate top exposed. River Valley. International exchanges dealt to the haruspices’ ultimate survival A complete brooch in the introduced new artifacts, imagery, tech- by Theodosius, who definitively banned Antikensammlung in Munich supplied Fig. 7: Proposed attachment of nologies, and immigrant artisans — in pagan sacrifices, thus de facto prohibit- the model for attaching the central the brooch. short, new ideas. This splendid brooch ing the practice of haruspicina, and by plaque and the hooks. They were linked reflects a unique blend of tradition and Augustine, who classified most forms of together with a pair of silver strips to case, almost certainly a tomb that had invention, which defined Etruscan soci- divination (with special regard to the form two assemblies of ten hooks each. been subject to periodic flooding over ety in one of the first great eras of glob- extispicium) among diabolic practices. In turn, the hooks were threaded through the centuries. alization. the silver loops. In all, nineteen of the Etruria between East and West Etruscan Art on Display References: original twenty small hooks were The Getty’s elegant comb brooch The art of Etruria represents a signif- Briquel, D. (2007). “ Against rejoined and the brooch was cleaned, demonstrates the expertise of Etruscan icant chapter in the larger story of clas- Jesus: in Late revealing its lustrous surfaces. jewelers, whose skill magnified the sical antiquity. Including works not pre- .” Etruscan Studies, Analyzing the Elements intrinsic worth of precious materials. viously on view, the future display will 10, 153-161. With their soft golden highlights, the Where did they obtain the metallic ores? present bronzes, pottery, sculpture, wall- Briquel, D. (2011). “Un reflet inattendu filigree wires and roundels make a strik- Iron and copper abounded in the Colline painting, and jewelry made over six cen- de la Septante: le récit de création ing contrast against the silver hooks. Metallifere (metal-bearing hills) of turies by and for the Etruscans. Beyond étrusque de la ‘Souda’.” In M. The pale color led some archaeologists northern Etruria. Exploitation of natural their aesthetic qualities, the objects tell Loubet, D. Pralon (eds.), Eukarpa. to describe the metal as electrum, an resources transformed late Iron Age set- us about a complex society that formed Etudes sur la Bible et ses exégètes, alloy of gold and silver. To determine tlements into prosperous hubs of com- close ties with the Near East, Egypt, and Paris: Éd. du Cerf, 215-224. precisely which metals — silver, gold or merce. Silver and gold, on the other Greece and laid the foundations for Ramelli, I. (2003). Cultura e religione electrum—were used to make the differ- hand, were not available locally and aspects of Roman architecture and reli- etrusca nel mondo romano. La cul- ent parts, we carried out elemental were likely imported from mines in gion. Such interactions among civiliza- tura etrusca dalla fine dell’indipen- analysis using a scanning X-ray southern Spain and the island of tions will be one of the governing ideas denza, Alessandria: Edizioni Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer. This Sardinia. Further analysis, focusing on behind the Getty Villa’s reinstallation dell’Orso. gave us distribution maps of the individ- minor and trace elements, may define a and programs. The gallery is on track to Turfa, J. (2012). Divining the Etruscan ual chemical elements. The core of the chemical signature characteristic of the open in November; stay tuned for World. The Brontoscopic Calendar plaque and the hooks were found to be primary ore and would help identify the updates on our latest discoveries and and Religious Practice, Cambridge composed of silver with trace amounts location from which it was extracted. research. University Press. Page 7 2,000-year-old intact and our understanding of Interamna Lirenas, inscribed sundial, one of only a dispelling long-held views about its pre- handful known, recovered in cocious decline and considerable mar- ginality, this was not a town of remark- the Roman town able prestige or notable influence,” of Interamna Lirenas, near added Launaro. “It remained an aver- Monte Cassino age, middle-sized settlement, and this is by Alessandro Launaro exactly what makes it a potentially very informative case-study about conditions Not only has the sundial survived in the majority of Roman cities in Italy largely undamaged for more than two at the time.” millennia, but the presence of two “In this sense, the discovery of the texts means researchers from the inscribed sundial not only casts new University of Cambridge have been able light on the place Interamna Lirenas to glean precise information about the occupied within a broader network of man who commissioned it. political relationships across Roman The sundial was found lying face Italy, but it is also a more general indi- down by students of the Faculty of cator of the level of involvement in Classics as they were excavating the engraving on the curved rim of the dial Rome’s own affairs that individuals front of one of the theatre’s entrances surface records that he held the office of hailing from this and other relatively along a secondary street. It was proba- TR(ibunus) PL(ebis) [Plebeian Tribune] secondary communities could aspire bly left behind at a time when the theatre and paid for the sundial D(e) S(ua) to.” and town were being scavenged for PEC(unia) (with his own money). The ongoing archaeological project building materials during the Medieval The nomen Novius was quite com- at Interamna Lirenas continues to add to post-Medieval period. In all likeli- mon in Central Italy. On the other hand, new evidence about important aspects hood it did not belong to the theatre, but the cognomen Tubula (literally “small of the Roman civilization, stressing the was removed from a prominent spot, trumpet”) is only attested at Interamna high levels of connectivity and integra- possibly on top of a pillar in the nearby Lirenas. tion (political, social, economic and cul- forum. But even more striking is the specif- tural), which it featured. “Fewer than a hundred examples of ic public office Tubula held in relation The 2017 excavation, directed by this specific type of sundial have sur- to the likely date of the inscription. Dr. Launaro (Gonville and Caius vived and of those, only a handful bear Various considerations about the name College) and Professor Martin Millett any kind of inscription at all, so this of the individual and the lettering style (Fitzwilliam College), both from the really is a special find,” said Dr. comfortably place the sundial’s inscrip- concave face, engraved with 11 hour Faculty of Classics, in partnership with Alessandro Launaro, a lecturer at the tion at a time (mid 1st c. BC onwards) lines (demarcating the twelve horae of Dr. Giovanna Rita Bellini of the Italian Faculty of Classics at Cambridge and a by which the inhabitants of Interamna daylight) intersecting three day curves Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti Fellow of Gonville and Caius College. had already been granted full Roman (giving an indication of the season with e Paesaggio per le Province di “Not only have we been able to citizenship. respect to the time of the winter solstice, Frosinone, Latina e Rieti, is part of a identify the individual who commis- “That being the case, Marcus Novius equinox and summer solstice). Although long-standing collaboration with the sioned the sundial, but we have also Tubula, hailing from Interamna Lirenas, the iron gnomon (the needle casting the British School at Rome and the been able to determine the specific pub- would be a hitherto unknown Plebeian shadow) is essentially lost, part of it is of Pignataro Interamna and has benefit- lic office he held in relation to the likely Tribune of Rome,” added Launaro. “The still preserved under the surviving lead ted from the generous support of the date of the inscription.” sundial would have represented his way fixing. This type of “spherical” sundial Isaac Newton Trust and Mr. Antonio The base prominently features the of celebrating his election in his own was relatively common in the Roman Silvestro Evangelista. name of M(arcus) NOVIUS M(arci) hometown.” period and was known as hemicyclium. Inset image: The find spot near the F(ilius) TUBULA [Marcus Novius Carved out from a limestone block “Even though the recent archaeolog- former roofed theatre in Interamna Tubula, son of Marcus], whilst the (54 x 35 x 25 cm), the sundial features a ical fieldwork has profoundly affected Lirenas

Sundial from Bevagna [-.] p. nurtins.ia.t.ufeřie[r] (ca. 100 BC) Museo The surname of the first magistrate Archeologico Nazionale derives from the name of the Etruscan cvestur farariur Perugia: Sala dei Bronzi goddess, . The second transcribes into Latin as Iantus Aufidius, son of Titus. Their magistracy is probably This limestone sundial was ploughed up [-] P. Nurtins [and] Ia. T. analogous to that of “the two men who in 1969 near the tabernacle of the Uferier, come to fetch the flour” for the sacrifice Madonna del Core, outside Porta at the annual ritual described in Table Cannara (Bevagna). The Umbrian Vb of the Iguvine Tables. It is possible inscription on the sundial which uses an the quaestores of spelt that the triumphal way from Bevagna Etruscan , reads: [donated] was used in similar rituals.

Page 8 A Bronze Belt from Vulci Etruscan noblewoman’s life, or might she have been a priestess involved in Tomb 42F in the Penn Museum divination of such events? Even the double aspect might relate to the by Jean Turfa Brontoscopic omen of “same again…” We cannot know the answers, in the The Etruscan Brontoscopic Calendar absence of Etruscan literature. No writ- predicts a rare omen for May 27: “If it ten records are known for the comet of thunders, there shall be prodigies, and a 695 BCE, although Chinese comet shall shine forth.” And on May astronomers documented later visits… 28: “If it thunders, it shall be the same.” and a Babylonian tablet of Comets throughout antiquity and the 168/164 BCE now in the British Middle Ages were viewed as messen- Museum (below) is believed to record a gers from heaven, like the comet that sighting of Halley’s. Could a family of appeared during the funeral games for illustrated in the book of omens known The combination of images, read from Etruscans at Vulci have observed this . Mithridates, the bane of now as the Silk Texts: they had been right to left like Etruscan inscriptions, “visitor” even sooner? Rome, punctuated his life with sightings sealed into royal Tomb 3 in 168 BCE at surely tells a story. If the first boss Mawangdui (Hunan, China). behind the people is the sun (A), the last A narrow sheet-bronze belt (above) two are very likely comets (C,D); the buried with an Etruscan noblewoman final boss has thin lines emanating from early in the 7th century BCE and now in it like light rays (D). Perhaps the plain- the University of Pennsylvania Museum er, interim boss (C) relates to the omen may feature a comet or two in a very of a comet that “shall be the same”, in rare narrative scene depicted in other words a second day’s appearance repoussé, the technique of hammering a of the cosmic visitor, or possibly a blaz- raised pattern up from the back surface ing meteor thrown off by a passing of a metal sheet. The Vulci lady had a comet. total of three belts, the other two in stan- Narrative scenes with human figures

of comets and minted coins showing a References: comet with fiery tail (above). The Star of Bethlehem, depicted by Giotto in the Dohan, E.H., 1942. Italic Tomb Groups Nativity scene in the Arena Chapel, in the University Museum (Philadelphia: Padua (1305), (below) is portrayed as University of Pennsylvania Press) 93- another comet-harbinger. 97, pls. 49-50. In northern Italy, perhaps ca. 1000 BCE, a comet with two curved tails was Turfa, J.M., 2005. Catalogue of the carved into Rock 35 in the Valcamonica Etruscan Gallery (Philadelphia: region (Nadro di Ceto, Brescia, Italy) University of Pennsylvania Museum) (right). Such two-tailed comets were 100-103. dard, Late Villanovan lozenge shape are extremely rare in the art of Iron Age Turfa, J.M., 20012. Divining the (one with horses stamped on it). She had central Italy; this one must have been Etruscan World. The Brontoscopic been buried with vases and a pair of inspired by some special circumstance. Calendar and Religious Practice roasting spits imitating a warrior’s Likewise, while known from female (Cambridge: Cambridge University . The ribbon-like belt (MS 691, burials at Narce and , the ribbon-like Press). Fig.1 at the top center of the page) is belt appears rarely in the costume of bordered with textile-like patterns of Villanovan Etruria. Curiously, Halley’s Figures: dots and lines and has round bosses comet passed by Earth in 695 BCE down the center, but at the end with the when the woman buried in Vulci Tomb 1.) Vulci Tomb 42F – bronze belt, rec- hook to fasten the belt, are a starburst 42F would have been living: to judge tangular, drawing. Length 69 cm/ approx. 26 inches, but missing one end boss and two tiny stick figures with from her grave goods, she was buried and mended from several fragments. arms akimbo (B) – representing humans around 680 BCE. The Halley’s comet The wearer’s waist – measured over who gesture in awe, fear or jubilation, apparition in the Bayeux Tapestry wool homespun garments – would have for ahead of them (beyond a section (above), presaging the Norman con- measured over 26 inches. (Dohan 1942: reminiscent of the Egyptian hieroglyph quest of 1066 looks a bit like the belt’s 94 fig. 63). 2.) “Isti mirant stellam” Halley’s comet for water) are two more bosses – but images (Fig. 3). Did the visit of Halley’s in the Bayeux Tapestry, event of 1066 these have zigzag tails.(C,D) comet have a significant place in this CE. Page 9 NEWS FROM THE FIELD

Recent Excavations at it among the earliest known buildings to Poggio Civitate (Murlo) employ a decorated terracotta roof in the by Anthony Tuck region. EPOC4’s design is similar to exam- Recent years of excavation at ples of early buildings already known Poggio Civitate (Murlo) have been fruit- from Roselle and Giovenale. The ful ones in expanding both the chrono- building consisted of a deep, eastward logical and topographic boundaries of facing porch and a relatively small back our understanding of the site. room. But another interesting feature of Excavation beginning in 2014 and con- EPOC4 is the fact that it was positioned tinuing through last summer, led by Dr. in close proximity to non-elite houses Kate Kreindler of the University of with which it was contemporary. When Illinois, focused on the discovery and EPOC4 was abandoned – and apparent- ment. The well had been intentionally examination of a remarkable new addi- ly dismantled – the adjacent non-elite compliment findings from 2006 and infilled with a remarkable tion to the corpus of Poggio Civitate’s community continued on even as the show a picture of a terraced community, of sculptural debris associated with monumental architecture. The building, community’s elite family moved further with industrial spaces and simple houses Poggio Civitate’s final, Archaic period currently called Early Phase to the east with the construction of the occupying the low terrace. phase of development. In total, over “Orientalizing Complex,” consisting of Unfortunately, the available space to a new palazzo, a tripartite building and a explore along the upper terrace was space dedicated to manufacturing. In insufficient to illustrate the activities Poggio Civitate’s well known final associated with that area, but did reveal phase, the site’s elite family further a wall of considerable robustness set removed itself from daily observation of within what appears to be a defensive the general populace with a massive, moat. Some form of ramp, possibly four winged building that restricted demarcated by a doorway or arch, sepa- access to the building’s interior. This rated the lower from the upper terrace. progression of architectural sensibility The debris recovered from with this suggests that Poggio Civitate’s elite fossa consisted of a massive quantity of family grew ever more removed from ceramic and roofing material, including daily observation, a fact perhaps moti- elements of hip tiles and elements of vated by an increase in the role of inher- decorative terracottas that suggest that itance rituals associated with the com- an ornate building employing an implu- Orientalizing Complex Building 4 and munity’s political structure. vium was located somewhere in the 300 kilograms of fragmentary sculpture, abbreviated EPOC4, stood a few meters Additionally, the program of excava- nearby area. frieze plaques and sculpted lateral sima to the west of Poggio Civitate’s Piano tion now extends beyond Poggio Excavation in 2014 at Poggio elements were recovered from within del Tesoro plateau. The building was an Civitate itself to explore evidence of Civitate was hindered by unusual rains the well. Upon discovery of this well, impressive 20.5 meters in total length, a surrounding communities and their rela- that compromised our ability to exca- we argued and have subsequently length divisible by units of .54m, the tionship to the social and political struc- vate. Even so, work to the south of become more convinced that the act of width of virtually all of Poggio tures visible on the hill. Under the EPOC 4 in the vicinity of a cluster of in-filling this pozzo with terracotta ele- Civitate’s pan tiles. This fact, along with supervision of Dr. Eoin O’Donoghue of non-elite houses revealed traces of a cir- ments of the Archaic phase building was the recovery of elements of the build- NUI Galway, excavation in Vescovado cular ring of stones. The re-examination an act linked to the intentional and pos- ing’s terracotta roofing system suggest it di Murlo has revealed elements of a and comprehensive excavation of this sibly ritualized process whereby Poggio employed such a roof. This is all the community that thrived until a violent feature in 2015 demonstrated it was a Civitate was destroyed and abandoned more remarkable for the fact that event dating to the early years of the 4th well, although one constructed very in the years following the middle of the deposits of pottery recovered from the century BCE. These recent excavations close to the end of the life of the settle- 6th century BCE. While the site’s high- building’s floor suggest it was aban- ly visible sculptural display was obliter- doned at or around the end of the first ated in an act possibly akin to an quarter of the 7th century BCE, making Etruscan version of a damnatio memori??

Page 10 ae, sealing wells across the hill with this exploring the possibility that debris served the practical concern of PC20150055 was in fact an altar. removing available water sources and While our knowledge of the specific thus rendering the site uninhabitable. details of Etruscan animal sacrifice are In addition to this sculpture, the first limited, killing an animal such as a item to be thrown into the well was a sheep upon PC20150055 would be highly unusual one. Very few examples facilitated by its relatively low surface – of carved or worked stone have been and presumably would result in a con- recovered from Poggio Civitate, but at siderable amount of blood falling upon the pozzo’s apogee, we recovered a its surface. Given the highly controlled animal sacrifice, it does help support the carved block of stone weighing approx- environment within the pozzo following case that it functioned in such a capaci- imately 350 kilograms.(see photo right) PC20150055’s deposition within it, we ty. This block of stone stood approxi- speculated that perhaps modern forensic Our efforts over the past several mately 35cm high with a perpendicular science would allow us to show another years at Murlo have worked toward a molded profile consisting of a single feature of the object. better understand of the community of half round, cyma recta, scotia, and fas- We purchased a latent blood stain Poggio Civitate, both in terms of the cia along the object’s length. Upon reagent variant of luminol called site’s relationships between its elite and recovery and removal from the well, we BLUESTAR® and applied this chemo- non-elite members, and in providing a assigned the inventory number of luminescent to a portion of clearer picture of the social and eco- PC20150055. Our first assumption was PC20150055 – leaving significant por- nomic relationship between Poggio that it was an altar, although if so, it tions of the object’s surface untreated. Civitate and communities immediately would be among the very earliest exam- The result produced a visible reaction of surrounding it – a sort of comune of ples of a monolithic stone altar known be the only such foundation block the treated area, primarily along por- Poggio Civitate. And while our excava- in the region. Other possibilities were recovered. Yet another possibility was tions of the object’s edges and sides, tion of the site is now in its 6 decade, it that it served as a foundation block. that it served as a statue base – but no suggesting the presence of residual ele- is remarkable to know that the place still However, it seemed unlikely given the indications of cuttings or dowel holes ments of hemoglobin. (see UV photo retains the capacity to surprise and enormous size of Poggio Civitate’s were visible on its surface. In 2017, we upper right) While this does not defi- inform us about details of life there so Archaic phase building that this would decided to conduct an experiment nitely prove PC20150055 was used for long ago.

documented in the necropolis of Tolle; it vase (see below) are depicted two Some wealthy tombs from commonly holds rich decoration with dancers and a rare foundry scene: in the the necropolis of Tolle human protomes on the top of the loops center is a naked figure recognizable as (Chianciano Terme) and large faces on the belly. a blacksmith, who grasps an object that by Giulio Paolucci Burials appear frequently in the is not identifiable, perhaps a greave, graves of the cemetery of Tolle, but over an anvil; in front are two other The Etruscan necropolis of Tolle is much more numerous are the crema- craftsmen who wield a hammer. All fig- located on a slope that overlooks the tions. In this regard, the use of Etruscan ures are characterized by details beautiful landscape of the Val d’Orcia, black-figure amphorae is well docu- scratched into the white underpainting. near a natural pass already exploited in mented in ancient Etruria and in the The vase can be assigned to a workshop very ancient times. The Foce pass is the Tolle necropolis. Of all the specimens, operating in Vulci in the early decades obligatory point of passage for routes that from tomb 812 is of particular inter- of the 5th century BC, a time of strong that connected the centers of coastal est. On the body is depicted the abduc- influence from Attic ceramics. Etruria - northern and perhaps southern two burials: one a cremation in a sand- tion of Thetis by Peleus; the latter wears The representations on the vase are - with those of inland Etruria, and thus stone ossuary and one an inhumation. a short cloak and is portrayed in the act of considerable interest and very rare in contributed to the socio-economic-cul- The latter held an extraordinary ivory of grasping the goddess who is wrapped the figurative production of Etruria. The tural development of a large area. The fibula, decorated on the arch with mon- in a long chiton, while a lion attacks the two scenes appear intimately connected: burial ground has been the subject of strous figures above a fantastic animal; hero from behind. On the sides are Peleus and Thetis are in fact the parents systematic excavations by the it was recovered from between the Nereids, named for their father, Nereus, of Achilles and his mother will go to the Archaeological Museum of Chianciano bones of the deceased’s ribcage, and had the Greek divinity of the calm sea and workshop of Hephaestos to have new Terme; these have brought to light over probably been placed to hold a dress at the Doric ocean; these figures alternate weapons made for her child. Or, 1000 graves, from which it is apparent shoulder height. Among the bronze with small trees. On the shoulder of the according to Homer in the Cypria, the how the privileged topographical posi- materials are a two-handled basin, wedding gift of the centaur Chiron to tion fostered a surprising heterogeneity which can be compared with a specimen Peleus and Thetis was a point of cultural influences and unquestion- at the Museum of Cortona, and an forged by Hephaestus and fixed on a rod able material wealth. The tombs range Orvietan olpe in fragments. Of iron are smoothed by Athena. The painting of chronologically, without interruption, the andirons, the springs, the skewers the amphora appears particularly illus- between the late Iron Age and the late for cooking meat and two knives for trative when compared to the function Hellenistic period, with sporadic attesta- butchering. This tomb also yielded of the vase: to contain the cremated tions in Roman times; they reach their numerous pieces of Etrusco-Corinthian remains of an individual who died maximum concentration during the late pottery decorated with bands, one in around 480 BC. The rape can symbol- Orientalizing and Early Archaic periods. with a cylinder stamp, and a ize the moment of death, the moment of Some tombs present exceptional and monumental and rare red bucchero transition to a new status, the deceased rich funerary objects. Tomb 769, (photo amphora decorated with lotus buds on now on the perilous journey to the above right) with a rather long dromos the shoulder and with horse protomes on island of the blessed. and a rectangular funeral chamber, held the belly. This last type of vase is well Page 11 Vulci 3000 A New Project on Etruscan and Roman Urbanism in the first Millennium BCE by Maurizio Forte

Vulci 3000 is a multidisciplinary archaeological research project directed by Maurizio Forte of Duke University. The project applies cutting-edge tech- nologies to produce a diachronic recon- struction of the Etruscan and Roman site of Vulci by archaeological excavations, mapping and non-invasive technologies. Fig.1 The Duke team started the project in 2014-15 with large-scale georadar Fig.6 Etruscan well-cistern from prospections, multispectral remote sens- inside (over 7 meters deep) will ing and mapping by drones, which col- be excavated in the 2018 season. lected over 40,000 digital photos. This In the second year of excavation we preliminary activity, focused on the found, under the travertine building, an archaeological landscape and, in partic- intact Etruscan well/cistern, still to be ular, on the Roman forum in the south- fully excavated (figs. 2, 6). The struc- ern part of the site, was able to identify ture is connected with a tunnel to the hundreds of archaeological crop-marks, southern part of the city and it should be soil marks and features and to identify a related with the pre-Roman water man- very promising area for the excavation, agement system of the city. Actually, which was started in 2016. The area of Fig.4. Infra-red spectral analysis of NE part of the archaeological there are another six visible wells/cis- excavation (fig.1) shows a very deep park. Hundreds of tombs are identifed by crop and soil-marks, yellow. terns in the same region of the city that stratigraphy, identified by georadar have been identified in the last 20 years mental settings can tell us more about niches for statues and decorated with but are still unpublished. The study of the cultural and political identity of the opus sectile (1st c. CE), made from mar- this network of Etruscan wells and cis- city and its connections with power, rit- ble tiles imported from North Africa and terns, very likely re-used by the uals and religion. A rigid spatial organi- Asia Minor (figs. 2, 5). The monument Romans, could be interpretable as one zation of the urban grid shows a top- is open to the Roman decumanus and of the earliest urban water management down decision-making process in the connected with other complex build- city-state for long-term planning and ings, still unexcavated. This is inferable social control. also from the several types of construc- The archaeological excavations are tion techniques (opus incertum, reticu- focused on the area of the so-called latum, and vittatum, horizontal courses Western Forum where a large-scale of tuff blocks alternating with bricks) identification of the Roman forum is used for the various sections, as well as made possible by aerial and drone pho- from the vertical stratigraphy of the dec- tography (figs.1, 4). In the first excava- orative exterior claddings. The architec- Fig.3. 3D Digital Elevation Model tion season (2016; see Etruscan News tural style and decorations recall reli- 19, p. 10) we found a monumental made by drone’s photos with an gious buildings dedicated to the emper- building (fig. 2) equipped with four or Augustus. accuracy of 1 cm. prospections, with evidence of monu- Fig.5. 3D model of Roman building made by digital photogrammetry. Fig.2 The building in travertine mental constructions in front of the facing the decumanus.Under the Etruscan-Roman great temple over a floor is the Etruscan well/cistern. chronological range of hundreds of systems of the region. A preliminary years, from Etruscan times to late analysis of the archaeological material Antiquity. in this area shows the long life of the The dynamics of urban transforma- city, from the early Iron Age to the 5th c. tion in Italy across the first millennium CE. It is stratified evidence of the BCE is one of the most interesting diachronic transformation of the site research topics in classical archaeology over a range of 1500 years from early because it concerns the emergence of urbanism to the abandonment of the complex societies in the Iron Age (early Roman city. The very high percentage 1st millennium BCE), their evolution of 4th and 5th century archaeological into city-states (the Etruscan and a few material demonstrates a good level of other pre-Roman societies), and finally urban industrial production also in Late their transformation into Roman settle- Antiquity. ments. The investigation of these monu- Page 12 Researchers find ancient gist Luca Cappuccini, it was as impor- tant for them to observe natural phe- Etruscan temple where nomena as lightning. priests studied lightning As for the temple, it is believed that to predict the future it was dedicated to , the Etruscan equivalent of Jupiter and Zeus, also Archaeology News Network associated with lightning, spears, and scepters. Tinia was also the god who A team of researchers from the governed the passage of time. The dis- University of Florence discovered an covery does not solve the many myster- ancient Etruscan temple on the summit ies that still envelop the religion of the of Mount Giovi (the mountain of Etruscans: what we know is thanks to Jupiter), about 992 meters above sea the Latin texts. Lightning strikes were level, in Tuscany near the town of probably studied with regard to shape, Fiesole. It was possibly founded position and colour: but we don’t know a sacred area in the sky, limiting a field whom they used to bury the artifacts. It between the 9th and 8th centuries BC. what meaning each of these characteris- of observation. The augur, seeking appeared broken and embedded in the At the temple, the Etruscan priests tics had. favor or misfortune for a certain event, ground in the middle of the paved area, studied lightning in order to interpret the The results of the research, led by divided the sky into regions and which the researchers believe was the will of the gods and somehow predict Cappuccini, have been collected and observed the flight of birds and meteor- auguraculum, a roofless temple oriented the future. The temple is located on a published in a book called Monte Giovi. ological phenomena. The lituus found according to the cardinal points, a place rectangular embankment at the top of “Fulmini e saette:” da luogo di culto a is one of the oldest in the world, and one used to interpret the will of the gods. the mountain, where already in the fortezza d’altura nel territorio di of the few found in a temple; most come From there the priest observed the sky. 1970s bronze items, several arrowheads Fiesole etrusca. and iron javelins had been found. The from the tombs of the priests, with The Etruscans divided the sky into 16 new excavations brought to light three parts, each corresponding to a different Counterclockwise from top: levels of settlement from different eras. divinity. Thus, according to archaeolo- 1. Summit of Monte Giovi. Among the finds is a lituus, an augural 2. Carnelian scarab of Hercules. ritual iron rod used by priests to delimit 3. Iron lituus found on site. 4. Site of outdoor auguraculum. 5. Small ritual childs cup. 6. Plan shows find spot of lituus.

Sarteano serpent turns up at Grammys City near Siena highlights its Etruscan heritage

The town of Sarteano, about an hour southeast of Siena, announced that the iconic symbol of a three-headed snake from the Etruscan archaeological site there known as the Tomb of the Infernal Chariot showed up on Gucci clothing worn by performers at the 2016 Grammy Awards in Los Angeles. The show’s host, James Corden, wore a black Gucci jacket with the snake motif, while musician wore a pink dress with the snake embla- Sarteano is being talked about, even cer- zoned on the chest. Corden wore it — who knows if they tain courageous and original fashion “Gucci chose it, Santigold and were aware?” So long as the beauty of choices bordering on kitsch are OK, Page 13 Excavations in the Urban domus and perhaps another appeared. In addition to being the first discovery of Area of Carsulae 2017 residential construction in Carsulae, the by Luca Donnini and discovery is of exceptional character for Massimiliano Gasperini the site because, also for the first time in a domestic space, mosaic floors have The 6th campaign of archaeological been identified. At the end of the exca- investigation in the urban area of vation season, between July and Carsulae took place from May to September, it was possible to document September 2017. During the excavation at least five mosaics, all datable to the and research operations conducted Augustan period and therefore relevant under a ministerial concession granted to the first phase of housing construc- to the Onlus association, under the tion. scientific direction of the archaeologists The environments identified so far Luca Donnini and Massimiliano are: a large atrium with scutulatum Gasperini, sensational results have flooring (a sort of black mosaic with emerged. countless inserts of marble slabs and The Northeast Area white calcite of various shapes and In the Northeast zone, excavation sizes); the west wing with mosaic floor- was completed of a large Augustan-era ing depicting a portico placed on the waste dump located along the northern threshold and geometric decoration in side of the great sinkhole at the center of squares and rectangles in the central Carsulae; this natural feature had been part; a cubiculum with a mosaic of geo- identified and brought to light during metric decoration depicting a game of previous years. All the finds (some thou- hexagons, rhombi and cubes; part of the sands of fragments, mostly ceramics) tablinum and two side corridors south of have already been washed, classified, the atrium. Finally, a further room was inventoried and partly studied, and have identified, probably from a second allowed us to have a more precise pic- domus. This, of which only a small part ture of the population of the area in the of about ten square meters has been 1st century BC. Also in this area, we excavated, should measure about 10 x continued the excavation of some fea- 10 meters; it is decorated with a large tures located close to the upper edge of mosaic depicting a wall with towers and the sinkhole. These appear to be the merlons along the edge and a meander remains of a late-historic cobblestone of chained and square swastikas in the road that covered an older road dug central field. directly into the travertine bedrock. Cleaning in October was accom- The temple plished to guarantee the conservation of The most exciting results have the discoveries and allow the comple- emerged near the area of the forum. Mosaic floor in the west wing. Mosaic floor from the cubicu- tion of investigations in the next excava- Clearing began on the western side of 40 years, important structures were paving also partially excavated. tion campaigns. We made a first clean- the square, which had been partially brought to light and made accessible to The domus ing of the mosaic surfaces, which have excavated in the months of April-May visitors to the Archaeological Park: the After cleaning the western side, the also been documented using a drone, 1953 by the archaeological superintend- remains of the Capitolium podium (the investigations moved behind the south- thanks to which it was possible to obtain ent at the time, Umberto Ciotti, and had most important temple in the city, still to ern side of the forum where, over an the photogrammetric survey of the been left in the most absolute abandon- be excavated and restored), of the base- area of about 100 square meters never entire excavation area in a very short ment. After cleaning, for the first time in ment of a sacellum, and of a large investigated before, the structures of one time.

Field Excavations at the were an altar, a monumental votive and 280 BC. Placed next to the ruins Campo della Fiera donario, and deposits containing many were some children’s tombs, in honor of of Orvieto votive objects. The base of a statue with a matron divinity indicated by the by Simonetta Stopponi a long inscription tells the story of a Etruscan word atial (“of the mother”), woman, Kanuta, who became the bride engraved on a bucchero cup. Found at The research conducted since 2000 of a local nobleman. Her dedication to the front of the building were the in the Campo della Fiera of Orvieto has the called Tluschva takes place in remains of bronze plates from a cart, brought to light an extraordinary sacred the “heavenly place,” the very name and above the floor level, a large area frequented from the 6th century BC gious and celebratory processions. To with which the Etruscans knew the amount of Greek pottery, gifts to the to the 15th century AD. The site has the north of the road is an open enclo- sanctuary. (see Etruscan News Vol.12) sanctuary from wealthy devotees. A been recognized as the seat of the sure with a shrine from the first half of Following the Via Sacra to the south, new Archaic building was discovered , the federal sanctuary the 6th century BC. It was deconsacrat- we arrive at another building, Temple C, next to Temple C; it is probably the the- of the Etruscans. ed at the beginning of the 4th century (reconstruction p.15 right) built at the saurós of one or more of the Etruscan The excavated structures developed BC and replaced by Temple A, the only end of the 6th century BC and destroyed poleis. around an imposing Via Sacra, which cult building that continued to be active on the occasion of clashes among the The road then goes up to the large was in ancient times traversed by reli- in Roman times. Discovered in this area Romans and Volsinians between 308 Temple B, which the entire next page Page 14 Fig.2 Fig.5 Fig.6 Recent Excavations of cover Etruscan phases that run from the can be dated to the 6th BCE based on 6th century to the 4th century BCE. To ceramic finds. Its orientation was Etruscan phases at the north of these vascae is a retaining retained by later construction until the Coriglia (CV) near wall of the Roman phase that runs east- 2nd century CE when the site underwent west for 150 m but was built to respect Orvieto a slight reorientation. (Fig. 5) an earlier Etruscan wall of similar Another interesting aspect of the site by David George dimensions. To the north there are a is the discovery of a 4th century BCE number of Etruscan walls that seem to foundation deposit. (Fig. 6) Coriglia is a site that is located 18 establish the layout of the site, which the This supplies some sense of the KM north of Orvieto near the commune Romans followed. Over these are a Etruscan occupation of the site, begin- of Monterubiaglio. It is a multi-phased number of features of the Roman phase ning at least in the 6th century and con- site which has evidence of occupation that are associated with bath complexes. tinuing until the Roman conquest in the from the 8th century BCE to the 14th There were large quantities of bucchero 3rd century BCE. The nature of occupa- century CE when a mud slide covered grigio and as well as Attic pottery Fig.3 tion is still unclear, with a number of the site and it was planted over with features pointing to a sacred space. But olive trees. The site has been excavated recovered. that is just conjecture. for the last 12 years under the direction The Etruscan wall in the center of of David B. George of Saint Anselm the site as noted above was respected by College and Claudio Bizzarri of the the Roman period. There were dolia PAAO. (Fig. 1) The area under excava- recovered that had been placed upside tion consists of a number of features. To down on the wall. This could indicate a the south of the site are a series of large sacred space. (Fig. 3) In addition, con- basins that were built between the 1st siderable quantities of roof tile were BCE and 3rd century CE to serve the recovered as well as evidence for the bath complexes to the north. (Fig. 2) post holes to support a structure. There These were reused in the Mediaeval is sufficient evidence to reconstruct the phase for industrial use. To the west are building. (Fig. 4) a series of Roman period roads that To the south of the site is a very cover an Etruscan phase as well. To the complicated situation with a number of north are bath complexes as well as baths, vaults, retaining walls and other other water features that date from the features that overlay Etruscan phases. 1st c. BCE to the 4th c. CE; these also Fig.1 The oldest phase is an Etruscan wall that Fig.4

sive flooring, including an exceptional sanctuary and was surrounded by mosaic with a representation of Scylla. arcades, fountains and pools. The build- The residence was renovated in the 2nd ing was destroyed in 264 BC, but the century AD, and remained in use until area was not abandoned. Soon after, in the end of the 4th century AD. fact, there arose a workshop for the pro- Around the 6th to 7th centuries the duction of ceramics. great room of the residence was trans- The exceptional character of the site formed into a hall of Christian worship, is underlined by an intense reconstruc- upon which the church of San Pietro in tive phase of the early Imperial age, Vetere was constructed between the when the Campo della Fiera was includ- 12th and the 13th century. Next to the ed in the antiquarian restoration policy ecclesiastical structure a large building promoted by Augustus. Between the was rehabilitated as a refectory/ware- end of the 1st century BC and the 1st house; this was demolished in the 15th century AD was built a very rich domus century to obtain an open space for mar- (see right) with a large meeting room; it ket activities, the origin of the current was connected to two spas with expen- name of Campo della Fiera. Page 15 Medusa. (Figure 2) As Stefan Steingräber has observed, protomes MUSEUM NEWS with the heads of gorgons and divinities projected from the masonry facades of Getty, continued from Page 1 a spate of acquisitions in the 1970s and tombs as well as city gates, as at antiquities. Previously organized around 1980s and the addition of examples and Perugia. This Medusa is comparable iconographic themes, the Villa now from the Fleischman collection in 1996, to one in the Vatican, which was found presents works of ancient art in a the material currently comprises about in Vulci. A small terracotta head of a chronological arc, from the Aegean 15,000 objects and pottery fragments. A youth, which perhaps belonged to an to the Late Roman and significant portion of the overall Villa architectural relief, is a recent donation Byzantine periods. Within that collection is related to pre-Roman Italy, and came from the collection of Frank sequence, some galleries focus on spe- an area that J. Paul Getty started to pur- Brown. (Figure 3) cific media such as ancient glass, J. Paul sue in 1955–57 with his purchases of Gold and silver fibulae and ear Display case for amber pendants. Getty as a collector, and regional arts in bronze statuettes of Tinia and a kore. studs, carved carnelian and agate advances the publication by the author Graeco-Roman Egypt and South Italy Bronzes are a great strength and scarabs, and a notable group of amber of a forthcoming catalogue of Etruscan and Sicily. include several fine votive figures with necklaces and pendants illustrate the and Italic art in the J. Paul Getty Work began in December to install a dedicatory inscriptions, vessel attach- techniques of jewelry production. Museum. During the fall of 2017, Ph.D. gallery that for the first time features the ments, and candelabrum finials. A strik- Probably carved by Etruscan craftsmen, candidate Elena Pontelli (IMT Lucca) arts of Etruria. On view are 86 objects, ing appliqué depicting Usil (Figure 1), the ambers are closely related to types contributed generously to this research, including ceramics, bronzes, stone and sold at auction in London in December, known from Apulia and Basilicata and and Dr. Angela Pola (Sapienza terracotta architectural reliefs, jewelry is the latest addition and will go on view illustrate the circulation of amulets Università di Roma) has launched a re- and gems, votive heads, a wall painting, in the coming months. The plaque is one carved by Etruscan artisans. Object evaulation of a sizeable group of and a cinerary urn. Spanning the period of several such reliefs, which served as labels on an iPad let visitors zoom in on Faliscan vases and fragments. We were from about 750 to 100 B.C., they offer ornamental fittings on chariots or two- granulation and filigree decoration with delighted that Mario Del Chiaro was an overview of the main periods and wheeled vehicles. Standing with fingers high resolution imaging. able to join us for a day of discussion

Fig.1 Fig.2 Fig.4 Fig.5 styles of Etruscan artistic production. splayed, the winged god has a nimbus of One of the outcomes of the Etruscan and first-hand observation of his name- Planning these galleries gave curators rays surrounding his head; at its thighs project has been to shed light on aspects sake kylikes. the welcome opportunity to bring the figure merges into a broad plate with of the collection that have been little We are also pleased — in the spirit objects out of storage that had not been undulating lines indicating waves. Some studied up to now. In preparation for of Etruscan News archaeocats — that shown in many years, if ever. Following of the known examples in the Villa installation, the Antiquities the amphora with a boy tempting his cat Giulia, Leningrad, and other museums Conservation department analyzed and with a treat will return to permanent dis- may have originally come from the so- treated a number of objects, including a play after its cameo appearance in the called Tomba della Quadriga in Vulci, gilt silver comb brooch (see article 2009 exhibition The Chimaera of where four reliefs of “winged genii” infra) and an 8th-century BC bronze sit- Arezzo. (Figure 5) The Getty Villa’s were found in the 1845 excavations ula with spiral pendants on the rim and new Etruscan gallery is scheduled to overseen by Alexandrine Bonaparte. handles. (Figure 4). Several objects open in January 2018. To see more of The Usil appliqué joins two other dis- raise questions of dating and technique the objects that will be on display, go to tinctive images of the sun god: a cista and will be the subject of further scien- http://www.getty.edu/art/antiquities/, foot in the form of a winged youth run- tific analysis. Those remaining in stor- search the collection for “Etruscan,” and ning over waves, and a head surrounded age will repay a fresh look, among them select “on view.”

by a pinwheel of three wings, which is a group of Orientalizing ivory felines 1. Appliqué with the Sun God Usil, engraved in a shallow bronze bowl for- with close parallels among the finds bronze, 500– 475 B.C., inv. 2017.126 merly in the Bomford Collection in (“fan handles”?) from the Circolo degli 2. Architectural Sculpture with Medusa, tufa, 300–275 B.C., inv. 78.AA.10 Oxford. Avori in Marsiliana d’Albegna; a set of 3. Head of a Boy, terracotta, Entering a spacious gallery that Hellenistic bone veneers from a funer- 200–100 B.C., inv. 2015.88 4. Situla, bronze, 750–700 B.C., inv. 71.AC.226 opens onto the inner peristyle, visitors ary couch; and some unpublished 5. Black-figure neck amphora, attributed to the . Fig.3 are greeted by a large tufa head of Etruscan inscriptions. This research . Lotus Bud Group, about 490 B.C., inv. 68.AE.17

Page 16 The MFA opens a bones of a sheep or a goat in the air. It was a common children’s game in Classical art gallery , and also a divinatory Daily Life in technique. Ancient Greece A bathing vessel painted with a bridal procession offers clues to ancient at Museum of Fine Arts, marital rituals. Marriages were arranged Boston for brides in their early teens and by Cate Mcquaid grooms in their 20s, and usually the Boston Globe 12/07/17 bride moved in with the groom’s family. Here several bewinged Eros tots usher A strand of cultural DNA reaches the bride toward her bedchamber. from Olympia, Greece, site of the first The curator counsels in a wall label Olympics, straight to Fenway Park. I’m that the picture we get from these not referring to the architecture, or the ancient objects doesn’t accurately repre- sport itself — ancient Greeks favored sent life; it represents the ideals, values, individual over team athletics. It’s the and humor of a particular territory in Greece 2,500 years ago. Artifacts here fan-boy ethos, the lusty competitive depicts nude women with strigils, sug- erman’s needle, a loom’s warp . teach us about war, beauty, and death. spirit. Forget sportsmanship! In ancient gesting they might be athletes. A moneybox sits near a surgeon’s kit; But there are few, if any, depictions of Greece, winners reigned. Losers slunk Certainly, they’re bathing. Nude women Plato called Asklepios, the Greek god of slaves, and more is known about the out of the arena, ashamed. That’s a relat- appeared on objects that may have been medicine, “persuaded by gold” and lives of citizens than non-citizens. ed strand, extending right to the Oval used at men’s drinking parties: another “shamefully fond of gain.” Given that, I’d have liked to learn Office. “Daily Life in Ancient Greece,” testosterone-laced DNA thread that The passage of millennia does more here about Greece’s democratic (photo above) a new permanent gallery twines directly with ours. change things, of course. Just as “Daily government, especially in light of the at the Museum of Fine Arts, delineates These vessels are among the more Life in Ancient Greece” reveals how current dysfunction of America’s. Each how much we have in common with than 250 objects, many recently con- Greek masculinity molded itself around of more than 1,000 city-states had its Greeks, usually Athenians, who lived served, on view in this enchanting new competition, it offers insight into the own government. In ancient Athens, 2,500 years ago. The consonances installation. It caps off a new display somewhat cloistered lives of women. there were only about 30,000 citizens. chime so brightly, it’s almost eerie. strategy that Christine Kondoleon, the Women often kept to a protected part of Officials and juries were selected not by A large vase celebrates the MFA’s senior curator of Greek and the house, where they cared for children vote, but by lot, and paid a small sum to Panathenaic games, staged to honor Roman art, began putting into play in and made textiles. They were not citi- cover time away from work. Athena, the patron goddess of Athens. 2014 with another engrossing perma- zens — nor were foreigners or enslaved For a while in Athens, one practice She appears between two columns on nent installation, “Wine, Poets, and people. Kondoleon delves into domes- one side; on the other, one combatant that did require a vote was ostracism. overpowers another in a sport called Citizens of Athens could elect to banish pankration that might be the granddaddy a politician for a decade, without even of WWE — a jukebox of boxing, charging him with a crime. Imagine. If wrestling, and more. Only eye gouging there isn’t enough about how power was and biting were against the rules. wielded and stratified, the humanity of Athletes competed in the nude; the body the people who played jacks and hoisted of the male athlete symbolized perfec- shields in battle echoes keenly through tion and virtue. Before a match, com- their possessions. petitors rubbed oil on their skin. Many objects on display were buried Afterward, they had a special tool called with the dead. There’s a dear clay sculp- a strigil to scrape off the oil and any ture of a barber at work. Small, lively dust, soil, or blood that had accumulate; vignettes such as this one sometimes there’s one with a vine decoration on filled tombs. Several of them are on view here. view, and while they don’t offer the Men competed exclusively in pageantry of athletic glory or the nuts- Athens, but in Sparta women also and-bolts utility of a surgeon’s tweezers, trained and vied for the laurel wreath. they are perhaps the most descriptive Women were much less frequently por- Black figure amphora depicts a sandle maker. Top, a Corinthian hel- and beguiling glimpses of a society that trayed in the nude, but one jar here met. L., mourning woman. R., barber cutting a mans hair. (MFA). set the course for Western civilization. Performers in Ancient Greece.” An tic life through toys, such as a top deco- enormous head of a cyclops in that rated with palmettos and water birds, gallery is as melancholy as it is mon- and functional pieces, such as an oil bot- strous. The ancient galleries used to take tle used to anoint gravesites in a ritual a more taxonomic approach to display, undertaken by women. and Kondoleon transforms them with But girls competed, too. In one chatty context and storytelling. charming sculpture, two women squat “Daily Life in Ancient Greece” on the ground, a little dog between hums with fantastic details fleshing out them, hands touching. They’re playing artworks such as painted vases and clay knucklebones, a variation of jacks, but figurines, and utilitarian objects: a fish- instead of jacks they toss the tarsal

Page 17 EXHIBITS

Karlsruhe continued from page 1 Tourism (MIBACT) and the Soprintendenze and Museums of Toscana, , Umbria, Emilia- Romagna and Campania. The Etruscans and Diodorus “The Etruscans once distinguished themselves through their bravery, acquired vast tracts of land and founded many attractive cities. In the same way they were great in seafaring (...),” wrote the ancient Greek historian Diodorus. that goes with excessive indulgence Enriched by foreign influences, spectacular artifacts, some of which are In the shadow of ancient Greece and (...),” says Diodorus. Etruscan culture and identity were shown for the first time in Germany. Rome, the Etruscans today appear as an The Etruscans owed their prosperity formed as an international phenomenon Atmospheric-didactic stagings, models, unknown, even enigmatic civilization. to their international trade relations with at the intersection of many and interactive digital features illustrate In fact, though, as the earliest advanced Greeks, Celts, Phoenicians and Mediterranean cultures. In this sense, the panorama of the thousand-year cul- civilization in Italy, they shaped the Carthaginians, and occasionally also the Etruscans, whose city states lived on tural history of the Etruscans. country - above all today’s Tuscany - Egyptians. They exploited in particular to the end of the 2nd century, were The exhibit is divided into chrono- over a millennium, from the 10th to the logical periods, from the Villanovan 1st century BC.

Etruscan visual art reveals their love their natural resources as well as agri- absorbed by the Roman state, a multi- until the Roman phase, with different of beauty and still fascinates us today cultural products. From afar came cultural, even transcultural civilization. themes. Among the circa 300 objects – with its elegant lines and expressive col- imported goods, and with them arrived The exhibition and the artifacts displayed in a very suggestive and spec- ors. Often depicted are festivities in immigrants with new ideas and tech- A multifaceted portrait of the life of tacular way - there are many highlights, which men and — unusual for antiquity niques. They brought with them the the Etruscans, who stood alongside like the “Arringatore” from the — women celebrate together, surround- , in which their language, other ancient civilizations in “interna- Archeological Museum in Florence, the ed by servants, musicians and dancers. to this day only incompletely under- tional” cultural exchange, is drawn by “Ombra della Sera” and the “old cou- Greeks and Romans accused the stood, was written down. this exhibition. The visitor encounters ple” (a terracotta urn lid) from the Etruscans of being pampered by pleas- Museo Guarnacci in Volterra, the paint- ure: “They have luxurious dishes pre- ed Tarquinian Tomba della Nave now in pared twice a day and everything else the Villa Giulia Museum in Rome, the bronze with one of the longest Etruscan inscriptions, and precious gold jewelery from the Regolini Galassi tomb of Cerveteri (Vatican Museum). Further enriching the exhibition are objects from the Karlsruhe collection, which is known for its Etruscan bronzes. The exhibition is documented by a rich catalogue, published by the Konrad Theiss Editor in Stuttgart and including many articles by well known Italian and German scholars, with some 400 pages and around 500 color illustrations. Page 18 Karlsruhes beautiful, evocative and well designed exhibition space displays the artifacts in a unique ambiance that enhances their beauty.

Archaeological Project (MVAP), the Soprintendenza ABAP of Fi-Pt-Po, the Soprintendenza ABAP of Si-Ar-Gr, and Consiglio Regionale della Toscana. Focusing on outdoor sacred spaces linked to the cult of water, the project ilizations that shared ideals of royalty, exhibited a group of 24 bronzes from Etruscan Egyptians. From symbols of power and religious prac- the famous Lago degli Idoli on Monte Eugene Berman to tices. Falterona and from Albagino. The latter the Golden Scarab A comparison that also aims to rep- New Exhibition is a newly discovered site at the crest of 12/21/2017 - 06/30/2018 resent an opportunity for reflection on Sacred Water the Tuscan-Emilian Apennine range, Centrale Montemartini, Roma the value of dialogue between cultures, Etruscan ritual in the Tuscan about six kilometers from the Futa pass. a relationship that has always been a Apennines The routes across the Apennines were A dialogue between two great peoples source of progress for the peoples. marked by places where wayfarers and Palazzo del Pegaso, Florence of the Mediterranean in an exhibition The exhibition is accompanied by an pilgrims could stop to give thanks to the that inaugurates the new temporary introductory section that allows you to gods. The new exhibition Sacred Water exhibitions space for at the Centrale capture the taste of nineteenth-century A catalogue of the exhibit will be opened at the Palazzo del Pegaso in Montemartini museum collecting, in particular that of two presented on January 12. It includes Florence on September 28, 2017 as part The meeting and comparison between lovers of the great civilizations of the essays by Giulio Ciampoltrini, Ingrid the second “Giornata degli Etruschi” two great Mediterranean civilizations is ancient world, Augusto and Edlund-Berry, Laurent Haumesser, event. It will remain open until January at the center of the fascinating Egyptian Giovanni Barracco, who lived and Alessandro Nocentini, Susanna Sarti, 20, 2018. This exhibit resulted from the Etruscan exhibition from Eugene worked in the same years. The two col- Rosalba Settesoldi, Gregory Warden, collaboration of the Valley Berman to the Golden Scarab that marks lectors were among the major experts of and others. the debut,, of the new space for tempo- ancient art of the time, linked to the rary exhibitions at the Centrale composite and multiform Roman sce- Rituels Grecs Montemartini. The exhibition offers the nario of archaeological research and Ancient Greek rituals at the Musée opportunity to compare the two ancient antiquarian trade. Both, with an act of Saint Raymond in Toulouse cultures drawing inspiration from pre- liberality, assigned their collections to by Eve Tsirigotaki cious Egyptian objects, dating from the the City of Rome, Castellani enriching 8th to the 3rd century BC, found in the the Capitoline and Barracco Museums, “Greek Rituals: A Sensitive recent excavation campaigns conducted inaugurating in 1905 a “Museum of Experience” invites visitors to activate in Vulci, an important city in southern ancient sculpture” housed in a small, their senses and discover the relation- Etruria. To the unpublished discoveries purpose-built neoclassical building. ship ancient Greeks had with their gods, of Vulci, are added the precious This section is followed by an exhibi- at the Saint-Raymond Museum in Sappho, the famous poet of the 6th cen- Egyptian finds of the Berman Collection tion of precious Egyptian works from Toulouse until March 25, 2018. tury BC, smell scented products used by and the works on loan from the the collection of Eugene Berman, “We wanted to show how the ancient the bride or enjoy honey and sesame Egyptian Section of the National painter, illustrator, set designer and col- Greeks used all their senses to commu- cakes. They can try the makeup powders Archaeological Museum of Florence. lector of Russian art, donated in 1952 to nicate with their gods. This exhibition and creams or touch the fabrics that are They all talk about trade but above all the Superintendency for the archaeolog- uses smell and touch.” Visitors have the dyed with saffron that the ancient brides about the cultural dialogue between civ- ical heritage of southern Etruria. possibility to touch the ingredients and wore. the specially dyed fabrics, “says The and the Etruscan Evelyne Ugaglia, director of the National Museum of Villa Giulia have Museum. loaned objects. Music specialists found The exhibition is divided into four ancient scores to immerse visitors in the major categories and moments in the musical atmosphere of the time and a life of ancient Greeks: marriage, sacri- scientist has brought his knowledge to fice, banquet and funeral. Each section find the plants that were closest to what contains objects, ingredients and music ancient Greeks used. scores that aim at stimulating the visi- This exhibition is the result of metic- tors’ senses. ulous research work on texts by aca- For this highly ritualized exhibition, demics to reconstruct the richness and the visitors can listen to texts by diversity of these ancient rituals. Page 19 Bronze studded vessel. Blonde haired maenad antefix. into the Roman administration, and the facsimile impressively conveys the Etruscans, founders of the first high cul- dimensions of the Etruscan tomb paint- enjoys great respect due to its fine qual- ture of Italy, disappear as a separate peo- ing and is a tribute to the Schaffhausen ity. The Etruscans ple. painter, who is associated with the Ebnöther was introduced to Etruscan Top-class gems, as well as numerous Museum zu Allerheiligen Schaffhausen Ancient civilization in the civilization on the occasion of the simple, never-before exhibited everyday in a special way: it was he who in the important exhibition, Life and Art of the shadow of Rome objects — for example decorated - 1920s inspired the transformation of a Etruscans, held at the Kunsthaus Zürich September 23, 2017 cotta spindle whorls — let the visitors dilapidated monastery into this muse- in 1955. This encounter marked the to February 4, 2018 immerse themselves in the world of the um. beginning of a life-long fascination for a Museum zu Allerheiligen Etruscans. There they meet numerous For the first time in more than 60 culture that is still little known to the Schaffhausen, Switzerland masterpieces of Etruscan metalworking, years a Swiss museum offers a compre- general public. such as a candelabrum with an attach- hensive insight into the culture of the A catalogue of the exhibition, pub- The Etruscans are the subject a com- ment in the form of a horse tamer, or the Etruscans. The last important exhibition lished by Philipp von Zabern, includes prehensive special exhibition presented handle formed of a satyr and a nude on the Etruscans took place in 1955 at all 235 Etruscan objects of the Ebnöther at the Museum zu Allerheiligen in female on a precious bronze container. the Kunsthaus Zürich. Collection, many of which are published Schaffhausen. The exhibition takes The Etruscans are recognized as being The Ebnöther collection here for the first time. place in 750 square meters of space and the most skilled goldsmiths, and this is The Schaffhausen museum contains presents a panorama of Etruscan culture proved with many pieces of jewelry, the entire Ebnöther collection of antiq- and life. Jewelry, vases, sculptures and including a pair of earrings made in an uities, which is comprised of over 6000 skillfully crafted objects tell of exten- elaborate granulation technique. objects from numerous ancient cultures sive trade relations and a sophisticated A Schaffhausen Etruscologist amassed in two decades by the passion- culture. Approximately 250 objects A facsimile of a Tarquinian tomb ate collector Dr. Marcel Ebnöther (1920 come mostly from the museum’s own painting is on loan From Copenhagen to ̶ 2008). In 1991 he donated his collec- collection, but nearly 40 are on loan Schaffhausen. It was created in 1895 by tion to the city of Schaffhausen. Since from Danish, German and Swiss muse- the Schaffhausen artist Enrico Wüscher- then it has been a highlight of the widely ums. Becchi (1855-1932), who painted it as diversified collections of the Museum Upon entering the exhibition, the part of an Etruscan tomb project for the zu Allerheiligen. The Ebnöther collec- visitor encounters a marble bust of the Danish art collector Carl Jacobsen. It tion contains 235 Etruscan objects. first Roman emperor Augustus. He sym- belongs today to the collection of Ny Although this collection is less exten- bolizes the entry of Carlsberg Glyptotek Copenhagen. The sive than those of Italian museums, it into the Roman Empire: in the year 27 Facsimile of tomb of the of the Interactive exhibit room set with Rare Villanovan impasto hut urn BC Etruria was officially incorporated vasi dipinti, painted by Becchi. kline and objects for visitors use. clad in repoussé bronze sheet.

Page 20 Gods of the Etruscans demons, often depicted with wings and Between Heaven animal parts. Despite their ghastly appearance, they were considered com- and the Underworld panions of the dead and led the deceased Archaeological Museum Frankfurt safely into the underworld. Until February 4, 2018 Objects are on loan from the Museo by Steven Micksch Etrusco Guarnacci in Volterra and the National Museum in Florence. Some The light in the exhibit area of the pieces in the exhibition are being shown Archaeological Museum in Frankfurt is outside Italy for the first time. dim, giving the objects from a time The acting director of the museum, more than 2600 years ago shown in the Carsten Wenzel, says that it was defi- refectory of the former Carmelite nitely time for the Etruscans to return to monastery a suitable atmosphere. Frankfurt. “29 years have passed since Because the new special exhibition the last Etruscan exhibition.” New finds of the museum deals with the Etruscans and new discoveries are now available. and in particular with the world of their Then there is the connection of the gods and the cult of the dead, the visi- good first impression of what the shipped primarily gods of nature. Later, region to the Etruscans: for example, in tors move between sky and underworld Etruscans believed in. Later follow fig- the worlds of these gods mingled, and a the tomb of a Celt from around the year in the former dining room of the ures of gods, votive statuettes, elabo- completely new Etruscan pantheon 700 BC archaeologists discovered monastery. On the right, the guests can rately decorated ash chests, and gold emerged. While some gods have paral- buried objects that were most likely expect a relief with the demon Vanth: a jewels, which still give up secrets today. lels with those of the Greeks and made by Etruscans. Natascha Bagherpour Kashani, cura- Romans, there are also some special tor of the exhibition, explains, “The Romans admired the Etruscans for their technical skills, and especially for their ability to have contact with the gods.” That’s exactly what visitors to the Archeological Museum can perceive. The exhibition is divided into five sec- tions: religious ideas, cult practices, sacred space, concept of the afterlife, and death rituals. The Etruscan pantheon included 40 deities and was mainly influenced by the Greek pantheon. Before encounter- ing the Greeks, the Etruscans wor- Exhibition Addressing the personality and A Dream Of Italy: tastes of Giampietro Campana, the way The Marquis Campana’s he brought together this truly extraordi- Collection nary ensemble, and its ultimate dispersal October 17, 2018 – January 26, 2019 throughout Europe, the exhibition will Louvre Museum, Paris also highlight the collection’s seminal role in the affirmation of Italian culture A Dream of Italy is the title of the as the Italian nation gradually took rich collection that Marquis Giampietro shape in the course of the 19th century. Campana put together between 1830 Thus it will illustrate the collection’s and 1850. The Musée du Louvre and significance in terms of cultural aware- the in Saint ness in Italy and Europe as a whole, and Petersburg are joining for an out- highlight “the founding moment that the standing exhibition based on the collec- Campana collection represents in the tion. For the first time in 160 years, the expression of Italian culture,” in the exhibition will provide a comprehensive context of the emergence of Italy as a overview of the 19th century’s largest united nation at the time of the private collection, whose 10,000 Risorgimento, or unification. exhibits — archeological items, paint- The curators are Françoise Gaultier, ings, sculptures and “modern” objets Department of Greek, Etruscan, and d’art — included such masterpieces as Roman Antiquities, and Anna The Battle of San Romano by Paolo Trofimova, Hermitage Museum. Uccello, already displayed at the Read more at: https://www.sortiraparis.com/arts- Louvre, and The Sarcophagus of the The Campana Gallery. View of the Musée Napoléon III, terracotta culture/exposure/articles/154602-the- Married Couple, a work belonging to room, Louvre. Painting by Sebastien Charles Giraud (1819-1892), the museum’s Greek and Etruscan louvre-exhibits-baron-campanas-collec- 1866. 0,97 x 1,3 m. Louvre Museum, Paris. Antiquities. tion/lang/en#O4tOwUvfKWgMAIYR.9 9 Page 21 Museum Review specialized production techniques to the current spread of ride-sharing apps like “Ancient Mediterranean” Uber, that’s the one false note in the a thoroughly modern and jarring show’s attempts to relate the two eras. museum show at the While it was probably a kick to be able Field Museum, Chicago to say “Uber” on the same card as “first October 27, 2017 - April 29, 2018 centuries AD,” ride-sharing is a service, by Steve Johnson not a good. But, yes, technology — good ideas The title of the new Field Museum and the means to implement them — exhibition, “Ancient Mediterranean does tend to spread. So does language. Cultures in Contact,” makes it sound Visitors will see an Etruscan sarcopha- more important, perhaps, than exciting. gus painted with flowers and sea mon- Here comes, you might think, another sters in a style suggesting Greek influ- well-curated look at artifacts from the ence. They’ll see the Rosetta Stone — cradle of western civilization. But enter only in photograph, alas — a prime the galleries where this show lives, and example of Mediterranean cultural colli- you quickly realize this one is telling a sion; its royal decree was carved in different story. It is using an updated The first thing the visitor saw, when For all of the engaging interpretation hieroglyphs, demotic Egyptian and language to do so, and the effect is to “Ancient Mediterranean” opened in at play, the core of “Ancient ancient Greek and, of course, provided bring those great old storage jars and October, is a television screen showing Mediterranean” is still a divine assem- scholars the long-sought key to deci- sarcophagi, that serene-looking mummy contemporary news stories. Their com- blage of artifacts. Its roughly 100 phering Egyptian . and those miraculously preserved mon theme is how happenings in one objects, from tiny cross-cultural coins to Getting the museum’s Etruscan and tunics, into sharper focus. part of the world affect people in anoth- a large chunk of wall fresco from Roman material before the public was “Ancient Mediterranean” is an er: the recent avocado shortage in Roman culture, are all from the Field’s one impetus for the exhibit; it hasn’t uncommonly modern museum exhibi- Mexico jacking the price of guacamole collection, with the exception of a hand- been displayed in such concentration in the U.S., to cite probably the least ful of things borrowed from neighbors harrowing example. the Art Institute and the University of And that is the point this exhibition Chicago’s Oriental Institute. drives home: We are all of us intercon- And each piece, whether it’s the nected, from the butterfly famously water system valve from ancient flapping its wings and changing global Pompeii or the death masks that demon- weather patterns to the farmer wringing strate the merging of Egyptian and his hands over an unexpectedly low Roman traditions, tells a bigger story. avocado yield, which leads to the couple Throughout, the text explicitly ties the in Omaha ordering the jalapeno poppers then to the now. Razors from the metal- instead. working tradition in Etruria, an Italian And so it has been for as long as civilization that the developing Roman clusters of human society have been Empire subsumed, traveled throughout bumping up against one another. the world. The one on display is in a sort tion, one that finds a place for a child’s “Ancient Mediterranean” finds a partic- of crescent moon shape, small enough to since 1922, when the Field opened at its wool and linen tunic, a kind of shirt, ularly fascinating time and place to fit in pocket or pouch. It’s not too much present location, he said. from the first millennium AD and for a explore these themes, the countries sur- of a stretch to imagine a company mar- The show is undeniably arresting. child’s life jacket, a device found empty rounding its titular sea primarily in the keting a modern version: “Trust your The lettering is as bold as the lighting. on a Greek island beach two years ago 500 years before and after Christ. The face to the Etruscans. Shave the way the There is curation, not overcrowding: amid the current global refugee crisis. cultures then were the Greeks, the ancients did.” The objects sit in their cases like topic 2015’s “The Greeks” at the Field Romans, the Egyptians and the A few examples of Roman-made sentences rather than items in a mid- was a breathtaking collection of 500 Etruscans, all of whom, eventually, redware, a quickly produced and widely paragraph list. The few screens and items from that culture, developed by came under Roman rule. distributed tableware, drive home the interactives — a touch-screen take-out several museums, and therefore present- “We didn’t want you to miss that this idea that Henry Ford was following in a menu highlighting the way cuisines of ed in a more traditional manner. is a story that wants you to reflect on the long tradition, and so is Crate & Barrel. the era merged; a sistrum, like a tam- “Ancient Mediterranean,” because it is a world today,” said Jaap Hoogstraten, the Mass produced oil lamps are on exhibit bourine, to shake and a water valve to Field show, can take more risks, museum’s director of exhibits. “ ‘People as well. turn — call attention to the message, not explained Parkinson, the Field move. Objects move. Ideas move.’ It’s When the wall text tries to compare to themselves. anthropologist behind the show. And it like a chorus.” the development and dissemination of And then, most strikingly, the con- makes them pay off. It is meant to be a cluding gallery brings you full-on into little bit jarring, and not only in the ever- the modern era, a bookend with the present storage vessels. news video at the exhibition’s outset. “I wanted it to be jarring,” Parkinson Here is where you’ll find an iPhone said. When a show is about an idea case, a red plastic gasoline vessel, the rather than a people, “when it doesn’t child’s life jacket, all showing how peo- start with ‘The,’ ” he said, “you really ple, ideas and objects keep on moving. need to hit people in the gut. We’ll see if Video screens display the contemporary it’s too jarring.” global flow of freight ships and of refugees. Page 22 nation, concluded that the specimens in Forgotten Sarcophagi, Chicago were produced by a forger who “Authentic Fakes” drew on various iconographic reper- by Sara Costantini toires of vase and tomb painting, dating in Toscanella Articles, 09/02/2009 from different periods. The numerous 8.26.31 photographic reproductions of Moscioni and Alinari at the end of the 18th centu- Between the end of the 19th and the ry were certainly an easily accessible beginning of the 20th century in Etruria, source of models for “embellishing” the activity of Roman art merchants otherwise uninteresting monuments in became more and more feverish, proba- order to make them more commercially bly stimulated by a growing demand, viable. The son of Antonio Jandolo mainly from the US market, in order to describes this process in his memoirs, enrich the new emerging American published in 1935. museums. According to M.P. Baglione, the This is the context for the discovery three sarcophagi share a single origin; of five painted tufa sarcophagi, found in their formal characteristics seem to those years in Etruria. Between 1903 relate them to the production of the and 1917 they were seen and published Faliscan area. The origin first indicated by many scholars, who judged them was Civita Castellana, but this was stat- quite differently: F. Von Stryck consid- Painted details on Chicago sarcophagus, a Ketos a Scylla and swans. ed only for the Berlin sarcophagus, so ered the one in Berlin an extraordinary telling, and allows us to glimpse a lost bombing of the last war. In a 1917 arti- Toscanella is not necessarily out of the example of Archaic Etruscan art, as did world where the conception of archaeol- cle, F. Tarbell speaks of the discovery of question as a source. The latter must be L.A. Milani, while A. Rumpf, after a ogy or cultural heritage appears far dif- this group of sarcophagi, and quotes a connected, however, as Baglione notes, careful study, came to conclude that the ferent from our present way of thinking. letter from Alessandro Jandolo to E. to the activity of the Jandolo brothers, paintings on the sarcophagi were false. In 1898, a large tufa sarcophagus, Ayer, suggesting that the latter sarcoph- who reportedly worked with Francesco After 1917, however, the five sar- richly painted, turned up in the British agus had been bought by a famous beer Mancinelli Scotti and others who made cophagi were forgotten until 1991, when Museum. Its place of origin was given merchant in Copenhagen. numerous excavations in the territory of Maria Paola Baglione of the University as Civita Castellana; it had been bought The other three, also purchased by Tuscania. of Rome La Sapienza, in an interesting that same year by Ludwig Pollak, along E. Ayer, arrived at Chicago’s Field Professor Richard De Puma, from article on the activities of Roman art with the famous Capua tile, from the Museum of Natural History, where they the University of Iowa, has been study- merchants in the 19th century, took up brothers Antonio and Alessandro remain to this day; two arrived in 1899 ing Etruscan materials in American their case again. In any event, what has Jandolo, well-known Roman antiquities and one in 1911. In the same letter, museums, and will soon publish those of so far been ignored by the general pub- dealers. A second sarcophagus, very Alexander Jandolo claims to have the Field Museum in Chicago. To our lic is that three of these were probably similar to the first and likewise fake, bought the five sarcophagi near request for news on the sarcophagi, he found in Tuscania. arrived in Leipzig from London in 1912; Toscanella with his brother Antonio. simply says, “These are the only objects But let’s follow the story. It is worth it was completely destroyed during the M. P. Baglione, after careful exami- from Tuscania present in the Field Museum. “

Le lieu céleste. Les fragments bearing witness to the wor- Etrusques et leurs dieux ship of the god Sabatius, who in the Le sanctuaire fédéral Imperial age replaced / d’Orvieto and Liber. Musée National d’Histoire et d’Art The late antique age is illustrated by Luxembourg the materials found in an 4th to 5th cen- March 15 – September 2, 2018 tury AD dwelling built over the ruins of Reviewed by Simonetta Stopponi the baths and the nearby glass furnaces. The church of San Pietro in Vetere is The results of eighteen years of In the first we will illustrate the impor- periptero tetrastilo will be exhibited and then presented; it was built at the end of excavation will be presented from tance of the Fanum Voltumnae, the will illustrate how its end was sanc- the 12th or beginning of the 13th centu- March 15 to September 2, 2018 in a “heavenly place” of the Etruscans, as tioned by the triple animal sacrifice of ry and mentioned in the Mediaeval doc- major exhibition at the Musée National revealed by the dedication inscription of the suovetaurilia. Concluding the first uments of Orvieto as existing on the d’Histoire et d’Art in Luxembourg. It is 510 BC, engraved on a stone base. room will be illustrations of the nundinarum field, the place of seasonal entitled “Le lieu céleste. Les Etrusques Following this will be displayed the Etruscan road that led from Orvieto to markets. The exhibition is organized in et leurs dieux. Le sanctuaire fédéral finds from the sacred enclosure of Bolsena, and will display material from close collaboration with the Musée d’Orvieto,” and is curated by Simonetta Temple A: Of particular interest are a the monumental fountain that flanked its National d’Histoire et d’Art in Stopponi, Director of the Excavations, large arm belonging to a cult statue and path. Luxembourg, the Campo della Fiera and Michel Polfer, Director of the a bronze female head, a small master- The theme of the Roman conquest of Association - Onlus, the Cassa di Museum. piece of Etruscan toreutics dating to Orvieto will be represented in the pas- Risparmio di Orvieto Foundation, the The exhibition is divided into sec- 490-480 BC. sage from the lower to the upper exhibi- Superintendency of Archeology, Fine tors which highlight the historical devel- Presented next will be the terracotta tion floor; it will present the continuity Arts and Landscape of Umbria, the Polo opment, the political role and the reli- architectural decorations from the vari- of the cult in the enclosure of Temple A Museale dell’Umbria, as well as with gious significance of the sanctuary. ous sacred buildings, which date from from the Augustan age up to the 4th cen- the Italian Embassy in Luxembourg and Two large rooms of the exhibition will the 6th to the 3rd centuries BC. Next a tury AD: a container with more than 200 with a contribution from Assicurazioni be dedicated to more than 1200 objects. proposed reconstruction of Temple C as bronze and silver coins and ceramic Generali. Page 23 Urgulani family. “The power that Urgulani: Urgulania had enjoyed in Rome was Etruscan blood excessive,” was the laconic judgment of from Focus/Storia, Jan. 2017 Tacitus. by Simone Zimbardi Suicide In 24 AD a murder case This is a story about how a family definitely overturned the family’s fortu- from Etruria became very powerful nes. Tacitus tells the end of the story. A thanks to a princess of Cerveteri, who grandson of Urgulania, Marcus Plautius became a friend of Livia, wife of the , “for reasons unknown, killed emperor Augustus. his wife by throwing her out a window.” In Rome in the Imperial period, The man was accused of murder by his entering into the good graces of the father-in-law. Urgulania had to interve- sovereigns assured you of fame and ne, and quickly. She met with Livia to power. In order to achieve this goal, decide what to do. They had only one anything went. But maintaining the choice; so “Urgulania, Silvanus’ gran- dmother, put a dagger in her grandson’s position was not easy: reversals of for- Mausoleum of the Plautii, Rome Corsini throne, Palazzo Corsini, tune were the order of the day. The hands [...]. The accused, after handling noblewoman Urgulania was a member This successful career could have the iron blade for quite some time, deci- details of marble throne below. of a dynasty which, within the course of been enough to satisfy the ambitions of ded to cut his own veins.” Urgulania’s marble throne known today as the Sedia a few decades at the beginning of the 1st this Etruscan noblewoman, but she choice may seem cruel today, but 2,000 Corsini, the Corsini Chair. The archae- century AD, went dalle stelle alle stalle, pushed beyond this. Around 10 AD, years ago, among the Romans, it was ologist traced that remark- as they say in Italian, “from the stars to Urgulania organized an advantageous almost normal. Silvanus had put at risk able monument of the first century BC the stables.” marriage for her niece Plautia not only his honor, but all of the family directly to the ambitious Etruscan The Urgulani family came from Urgulanilla, who married Livia property, which in the event of a guilty Urgulania. According to the scholar, the Etruria. When Urgulania was born, Drusilla’s grandson, Claudius. He beca- sentence would have been confiscated. copy of a princely throne dates to the around the middle of the 1st century BC, me emperor thirty years later, but it was Suicide before appearing in court was end of the 5th century BC, and is proof her birthplace had become Roman. But not a happy union. Claudius was shy the only solution to avoid the ruin of all of the family’s royal blood as well as of she was not just another Etruscan and sickly, and always had his head in a the Urgulani. But the avalanche had the genuine Etruscan origin of its owner. matron, for she was descended from a book. The bride was bored, and it did already started. Plauzia UrgulaniIla was Family home princely family of Cerveteri. She was not take long for her to take on lovers. accused of adultery, and a few months Torelli also reconstructed the later proud of these roots, and all her life she Meanwhile, grandmother Urgulania later gave birth to a baby girl that her ex- adventures of the throne. It was located behaved like a woman used to being in became more and more ambitious and husband Claudio refused to recognize: it in the domus of Urgulania, which was command. In Rome she married a magi- attempted to climb to power to the was said that she was a daughter of a inhabited by her descendants until 59 strate, with whom she had a son, Marcus sound of sesterces. Because of this, the slave. AD, when the last member of the Plautius Silvanus. When it was time for Latin historian Tacitus tells us, in 16 Oblivion Plautius family was assassinated by Silvanus to be married, an Etruscan AD, when Livia had become Augusta The name of Urgulania at this point Nero. The properties and furniture were bride was chosen for him. and her son Tiberius was on the throne, seems to have disapperaed from the then passed on to a relative, Plautius A Career Urgulania found herself in the middle a sources and we do not know what hap- Lateranus, who also came to a bad end: Urgulania was admitted to the court scandal. She had contracted a debt with pened to the Etruscan princess. involved in a conspiracy against Nero, of the Emperor Augustus, where she a certain Lucius Piso, who sued her. But Perhaps, by now old and without power, he was sentenced to death. The domus won the friendship of Livia Drusilla, the Urgulania, “whose friendship with she did not hesitate to follow to the was confiscated, and many objects, powerful wife of the sovereign: the two Augusta had placed her above the law,” grave her protectress Livia, who died in including the throne, ended up in a rub- became inseparable. This connection according to Tacitus, refused to appear 29 AD. We know, however, that she was bish dump, to be discovered almost two also led to Silvanus’ successful career: in court. Instead she went to the buried in the family tomb erected by her thousand years later, when its former in 2 BC he was nominated consul (a Imperial palace, sure that she would find son in Tivoli when his family was at the importance as a mark of the family’s major honorary title in the Imperial protection there. Piso went to the resi- apex of power. status was recognized. age); then he was sent to Asia as gover- dence of Tiberius, and it was only the Roots in Etruria nor; finally, he covered himself in glory intervention of the Emperor himself that The throne of Urgulania [Editor’s Note: See M. Torelli, “The by fighting in Pannonia and Illyricum succeeded in bringing an end to the inci- In 1732, during the excavations in Corsini Throne,” in Tota Italia 1999, (today’s Balkans). He fought under dent. The person most taken aback was the area of the Lateran Basilica in and L. Bonfante, in J. Pollini, ed. Terra Tiberius, son from Livia’s first marria- Livia, who in order to save face for her Rome, where once stood the great Marique 2005. ge, who was adopted by Augustus and friend actually paid the debt. The event domus of Urgulania, there emerged Copies of the Chair, See Etruscan became the future emperor. marked the beginning of the end for the some ancient works of art, including the News Vol.12 ]

Page 24 Those Darn Etruscans liked it. It got on the air, and for some for $500, Alex reason, people really remember it.” In May 2002, ‘’Jeopardy’’ capped One of her questions had the distinc- its season by bringing back 15 of its best tion of tripping up the legendary Charles performers for a two-week tournament (Chuck) Forrest, generally acknowl- at Radio City Music Hall. The show’s edged to be the Alexander the Great of seven writers revived clues discarded “Jeopardy!” players. Forrest, then a over the years as being too tough; cate- baby-faced law student of 25, won five gories included ‘’Wittgenstein’’ and daily games in 1986. During the tourna- ‘’Those Darn Etruscans.’’ ment, he handily beat his opponents to Who thought up the Etruscan cate- the buzzer to respond to the Easterling gory? Kathy Easterling started writing clue: “‘Fufluns’ was the Etruscan coun- for “Jeopardy!” in 1986. She says, “In terpart of this Greco-Roman god of one of the first years I was here, it grape-guzzling.” “Who,” responded almost started as a joke, because the Forrest, “was Dionysius?” Forrest won researchers were kidding around and the tournament anyway, adding made a list of things they were tired of $100,000, the tournament limit, to his researching. One of the things they winnings. were sick of was Etruscan formalwear. Editor’s note: Editor Jane Just because they said they didn’t want Whitehead lived with Chuck Forrest for to research it, I decided I’m going to three months in a remote, mud-brick write a whole category about Etruscans. compound in NE Syria in 1982. They I called it Those Darn Etruscans. The were part of a team of five on the Yale facts in it were serious. I just thought it archaeological excavation at Tell would get a laugh. I didn’t think it Leilan. At that time, she encouraged would get on the air. But the head writer him to try out for “Jeopardy!” The World According to have a very good argument against the stiff provincialism of modern by Yanko Tsvetkov, Eurosceptics like Marine Le Pen and an explorer of details Theresa May. The Roman Empire is known as the All this doesn’t mean that the only state in human history that man- Roman Empire was an example of an aged to conquer the entire shore of the immaculate multicultural paradise Mediterranean Sea, whose Latin name devoid of prejudice. Trashing your was Mare Nostrum. Try to imagine a neighbors is (to paraphrase Nietzsche) functioning modern equivalent spanning human, all too human and stereotypes the same territory! about ethnicities and religions were as As far as we know from historical widespread as they are today. However, evidence, the Mediterranean region no Roman politician ever thought that wasn’t less diverse than it is today. The segregating a particular group was a glue that held the various parts of the good idea. At least not until the appear- empire consisted primarily of noncha- ance of a certain monotheistic religion lant religious tolerance and a very which was itself rampantly intolerant hands-off approach to local government. and extremely dismissive of all others, Throw a pinch of ethnic inclusiveness so it practically begged to be segregated. ( gradually became It was called Christianity. But that’s open to almost every inhabitant of the another story for another map. (Maps empire who wasn’t a slave) and you Roman road map by Sasha Trubetskoy www.sashat.me from Yanko’s The Atlas of Prejudice).

Page 25 Orientalizzante: i dati dalle S. De Caro, A. Serritella, Prime rif- CONFERENCES necropoli. lessioni sul popolamento dell’a- M. A. Iannelli, La lettura del dato gro nocerino-narnese fra V e IV funerario e i processi di trasfor- sec. a.C. mazione a Pontecagnano. Produzioni: T. Cinquantaquattro, B. Baglivo, L. Tomay, Su alcune chair tombe a camera di F. Luongo, Un frammento di model- Pontecagnano tra IV e II sec. lino di tempio arcaico dal santu- a.C. ario di Artemis Orthia a Sparta. M.T. Granese, Le necropoli di Elea- Alcune riflessioni. Velia: stato delle conoscenze e A. R. Lucciardi, L. Parisi, Oggetti prospettive di ricerca. d’ornamento dalla Basilicata L. Rebaudo, Il Grande Tumulo di indigena fra età del ferro e primo Verghina: un problema aperto ellenismo: i nuovi dati del museo tra archeologia, nazionalismo e archeologico provinciale di rivendicazioni identitarie. Potenza. Dialoghi sull’Archeologia tombe a Pontecagnano. B. Balducci, I roghi funebri regali di F. Ferlito, Le statuette votive della della Magna Grecia e La Memoria: A. Schnapp, chair Verghina. prima fase del Santuario di P. Contursi, Intorno alla tomba: S. Ensoli, La cosiddetta“Tomba 8” Francavilla di Sicilia (VI-Inizi V del Mediterraneo memorie e identità. nella Necropoli di Kato Paphos a sec. a.C.): nota preliminare. Il Convegno A. D’Erchia, Il futuro del passato. Cipro. I risultati delle nuove N. Petrillo, Tufo e terracotta. Internazionale di Studi Architettura per l’archeologia. indagini. Immagini di madri a Capua tra , 28-30 June 2017 R. Panvini, M. Accolla, Memoria Poster officine della grande statuaria e Below are a selection of sessions sulla carta. La documentazione T. Virtuoso, Pontecagnano: la botteghe della produzione seri- particualry relevant to our read- archeologica di un disegnatore tomba dipinta 9569. ale. ers from this important interna- del secolo scorso (Rosario Insediamenti: F. Longo, chair C. Siani, Poseidonia - Paestum: tional conference: Carta, 1869-1962). A. D’Angiolillo, Il quartiere artigi- nuovi dati dallo studio dei bam- La Memoria: M. Lombardo, chair M. Franco, A. Gobbi, Umberto nale di Elea/Velia in contrada bini in fasce A. Schnapp, Dalle parole ai monu- Zanotti Bianco, la Magna Grecia Vasalìa: rilettura e aggiorna- M. L. Rizzo, Uno scarto di fornace menti: una storia universale e Roma. Memorie di una residen- mento dei dati del 1927. della bottega pestana del Gruppo delle rovine. za. V. Gassner, La produzione di ferro a Apulizzante. M. Harari, Memoria dell’ordine Forme Artistiche: M. Cipriani, Velia. M. A. Mastelloni, Le maschere fittili dorico nel sogno di Hans chair F. Donnici, A. Pecci, Tre anni di di Lipari: nuovi sulle espressioni Castorp. Alcune divagazioni S. Antonello, La Sfinge della c.d. ricerche archeologiche ad Anzi artigianali liparesi di IV e III sec. intorno al capitolo Schnee dello Tomba degli Ori di Haghia (Pz): una sintesi. a.C. Zauberberg di Thomas Mann. Triada: nuove considerazioni. P. Scala, S. Eustachio (Sa): V. Pratolongo, La ceramica a ver- F. Coarelli, Luoghi della memoria E. Giovanelli, Iconografie abnormi? Occupazione del territorio e sis- nice nera ad Adrano dal IV al II nella Roma repubblicana. Reminescenze protostoriche e tema insediativo. sec. a.C. M. Menichetti, La “coloniz- influssi mediterranei in alcuni M. Scafuro, Eracle e l’acqua sulla Contesti: L. Cerchiai, chair zazione”dell’immaginario. casi di raffigurazioni di cd. acropoli di Fratte (Sa). B. Ferrara, Crateri attici dal santu- Augusto e la memoria di Roma. Mischwesen nella Penisola ital- V. Baldoni, M. Monte, Le forme del- ario di alla foce del Sele. La Memoria: M. Harari, chair iana di età orientalizzante. l’abitare ad Agrigento: nuove A. D’Antonio, I materiali in metallo F. Mermati, Aria di casa. Memoria A. Russo, Perirrhanteria figurati in ricerche nel quartiere ellenistico- dell’area del santuario urbano delle origini, costruzione del marmo. Note sulla produzione e romano, insula III. settentrionale di Poseidonia – passato ed elaborazione dell’i- sulla circolazione di un arredo R. Leone, Di nuovo a Tindari: l’abi- Paestum. dentità coloniale a Pithecusa e sacro nel VII sec a.C. tato e le mura tra vecchie e nuove M. T. Magro, Un deposito votivo ed Cuma. G. Rignanese, Erodoto, i piromi e il ricerche. un santuario in contrada Reitana A. Bertelli, Continuità e discontinu- kalos kagathos. Alcuni spunti di A. Sokolicek, Aigeira e le sue forti- di Acicatena (Catania): relazione ità nei luoghi di culto eroico in riflessione. ficazioni. dello scavo ed interpretazioni. Magna Grecia. F. Iannone, La statua 629 del Museo M. Musio, Processi di poleogenesi e A. Salzano, Gli interessi navali di G. Morpurgo, La memoria del pas- dell’Acropoli: nuove ipotesi organizzazione delle città cretesi Corinto in età arcaica: fonti e sato: pratiche di conservatoris- sull’iconografia e la funzione. durante la prima Età del Ferro. documentazione archeologica. mo nei corredi etruschi di M. E. Oddo, Tre dipinti vascolari F. Di Biase, Edilizia domestica a C. Casalnuovo, Poseidonia - tra VI e IV secolo a.C. apuli con l’uccisione di Reso: Creta in età ellenistica: proble- Paestum: la ceramica prove- C. Pizzirani, Memoria e rito nelle iconografia e iconologia di un mi, strategie e prospettive niente dal c.d. Giardino romano. necropoli dell’Etruria padana. mito. d’indagine. A.R. Russo, La memoria dello .Necropoli: A. Rouveret, chair D. Canino, La “chiusura” dello spazio funerario. Casi di inter- A. Desiderio, Fenomeni di mobilità spazio forense in alcuni esempi cettazione e manipolazione di a Pontecagnano in età dell’Italia peninsulare. Page 26 Flavio Enei, sommersa: i risultati five editions of the International Study delle nuove indagini. Conferences on the History and Ilaria Menale, Lo scavo in località Archeology of Etruria.”“The story of Quartaccio di Ceri rivisitato. the conferences organized by the Marco Bettelli, Andrea Di Renzoni, Foundation for the ‘Claudio Faina’ Paola Santoro, La protostoria nel Museum,” explains the director, territorio di Magliano Sabina: Giuseppe Maria Della Fina, “begins on ripresa delle indagini archeo- October 14, 1983, when the 1st logiche. International Conference on the History Program, December 16 and Archaeology of the Orvieto area Lucio Fiorini, L’emporio di Gravisca e opened. The theme chosen for the meet- la sua area sacra. ing was “ and the Etruscan dode- Giuseppe M. Della Fina, Scavare negli capolis,” or League of the Twelve archivi: il caso di Vulci. Cities. The 1983 conference was imme- Alfonsina Russo, Simona Carosi, diately followed by another edition, Paesaggi vulcenti. Il contributo dei dedicated to the theme of “Sanctuary nuovi scavi alla storia di una and cult in the Cannicella necropolis” Conference metropoli etrusca. (October 26-28, 1984), and another, The coins of the Etruscans Giulio Paolucci, La necropoli di Tolle: held the following year, October 25-27, Piombino le indagini più recenti. was dedicated to the theme, “Writing in XXV Convegno internazionale di October 6-7, 2017 studi sulla storia e l’archeologia Adriano Maggiani, Un emporikós oikós Ancient Etruria.” dell’Etruria a Pisa: riflessioni su un vecchio A special feature of these confer- scavo. ences was the breadth of their field of 42 years after the convention at the Scavi d’Etruria Maria Angela Turchetti, Chiusi: nuovi investigation, which extends from Center for Numismatic Studies in Orvieto, December 15-17, 2017 scavi a Poggio Renzo. Orvieto to the whole of Etruria. The Naples, experts returned to talk about Anthony Tuck, Nuove scoperte a Murlo. related proceedings have also been pub- the Etruscan coins of , Program, December 15 Gian Luca Grassigli, Simona Rafanelli, lished regularly. Vetulonia and Volterra. Ricordo di Giovannangelo Camporeale, Nuove scoperte nella città ellenisti- The list of their titles suggests the Thanks are due to the Giovanni Colonna, Accademia dei ca di Vetulonia. extent of the themes dealt with and the Archaeological Park of and Lincei Luigina Tomay, Dal centro sannitico a contribution they have made for the Populonia, to the organization of the Simonetta Stopponi, Orvieto - Località Picentia: la necropoli di Via rediscovery of Etruscan civilization: Piombinese Archaeological Association Campo della Fiera: la scoperta del Raffaello Sanzio. Chiusi. From the Villanovan period to in collaboration with the Municipality Fanum Voltumnae. Program, December 17 the Archaic period (1999). and Parks, and in addition, to the patron- Claudio Bizzarri, Paolo Binaco, La Luca Cerchiai, Mariassunta Cuozzo, The Umbrians of the Tiber (2000). age of the National Institute of Etruscan necropoli di Crocifisso del Tufo a Carmine Pellegrino, Pontecagnano: Etruscan Perugia (2001). and Italian Studies. Orvieto: le nuove indagini. lo stato delle ricerche e le prospet- Between Orvieto and Vulci (2002). This important event was organized Luana Cenciaioli, Ricerche archeo- tive future. The Greeks in Etruria (2003). to take stock of the state of studies on logiche a Perugia: nuovi dati per la Elisabetta Govi, L’area sacra urbana di Orvieto, southern Etruria and the Agro the subject 42 years after the first con- ricostruzione della città antica. Marzabotto. Culti e pratiche rituali. Falisco (2004). ference, which focused on the topic Anna Maria Moretti, Mario Torelli, Andrea Gaucci, Giulia Morpurgo, The Etruscans and the Mediterranean. “Introductory contributions to the study Gilda Benedettini, Patrizia Serafin, Chiara Pizzirani, Ritualità funeraria Trade and politics (2005). of Etruscan coinage.” On that occasion, Andrea Carini, Giovanni Ligabue, in Etruria Padana tra VI e III sec. Etruscans, Greeks, Phoenicians and thousands of casts were collected along Nicoletta Perrone, Scavi negli anni a.C. Progetti di ricerca e questioni Carthaginians in the central with the related cards of preserved Duemila nel santuario capenate di di metodo. Mediterranean (2006). Etruscan coins in Italian and foreign Feronia: un primo bilancio sullo Maurizio Harari, Verucchio: lo stato Etruscan colonization in Italy (2007). public museums as well as in private stato della ricerca. dell’arte. The Etruscans and Rome. Monarchic collections. Individual mints were also Letizia Arancio, Marco Pacciarelli, Silvia Paltineri, Mirella Robino, Elena and high-republican phases (2008). the focus of interest: of Populonia, Sermugnano: un nuovo abitato etr- Smoquina, San Cassiano di The great Rome of the Tarquins (2009). Vetulonia, Volterra and other collections usco. The fortune of the Etruscans in the con- difficult to place. Alfonsina Russo, Rita Cosentino, Unfortunately many questions were Archeologia Congresso struction of a united Italy (2010). not answered and not even in 1985, The : una rilettura alla luce dei Venticinque edizioni dei The Fanum Voltumnae and the sanctu- recenti scavi. aries of ancient Italy (2011). Year of the Etruscans, with the Etruscan Vincenzo Bellelli, Daniele Mallardi, Convegni Internazionali Mobility and mercenary in pre-Roman International Congress, did we succeed Isidoro Tantillo, Cerveteri, area di Studi sulla Storia e Italy (2012). in relaunching the theme of coinage. sacra del Manganello: l’organiz- Artists, patrons and users in Etruria Now with this convention, Piombino zazione degli spazi, l’architettura, l’Archeologia dell’Etruria between VIII and V century BC aimed to rekindle the interest of scholars gli arredi di culto. Orvieto, Museo “Claudio Faina” (2013). of Etruscology and numismatics and to Laura M. Michetti, Barbara Belelli December 15, 2017 – February 25, The delimitation of the funeral space in advance historical research. Marchesini, Pyrgi, porto e santuario 2018 Italy from the proto-history to the The archaeologist Mario Torelli di Caere. Tra conoscenze acquisite e archaic age (2014) From the hut to presided over the study sessions. Over ricerche in corso. October 29, 2017 at the “Claudio the building. Housing in pre-Roman the two days, several topics were dis- Giovanna Bagnasco Gianni, Matilde Faina” Museum in Orvieto marked the Italy (2015). cussed in various sessions through the Marzullo, Claudia Piazzi, Andrea preview of the exhibition The Etruscans in the culture and in the contribution of scholars and experts. Garulino, Ricerche nell’area urbana “Archaeologists at Congress: Twenty- imagination of the modern world Saturday morning there was also a di Tarquinia. 2016). visit to the park. Page 27 Alta Lunigiana: Incisioni rupestri: nuove scoperte. Invito a Malta: i segreti dei templi megalitici. TourismA Tra Pietra e Acqua: Archeologia delle Palazzo dei Congressi, Florence Grotte di Pertosa-Auletta. February 16-18, 2018 February 17, 2018 TourismA – An International exhibition Longobardi in Italia: Eredità e mes- of archaeology is aimed at all the cultur- saggi di un popolo in viaggio al and economic realities active in XIV Incontro Nazionale di archaeological, artistic and monumental Archeologia Viva fields: private and public research insti- Seconda parte tutes, archaeological parks and muse- Antichi Astronauti… Sulla Rotta ums, tourist boards, tour operators and Sbagliata: Riflessioni ai confini della cultural associations. An annual three- fantarcheologia. day event held in the prestigious and Storie Profonde: Le caverne tra scienza central location of the “Palazzo dei e turismo. Congressi,” TourismA is an opportunity Fare Turismo Culturale Oggi: for exposure, disclosure and comparison Innovazione e best practice per gli oper- Tracing Technology atori. of all initiatives related to communica- Celebrating 40 years of archaeologi- Deliciae Fictiles V Archeologia in Maremma: L’Università tion of the ancient world and valoriza- cal research at Satricum di Firenze tra ricerca e valorizzazione. Networks and Workshops tion of archaeological witnesses. October 25-28, 2017 Fifth International Conference on Serri e il Santuario di Santa Vittoria: Nuove prospettive per uno sviluppo Architectural Terracottas and February 15, 2018, Palazzo Vecchio Forty years of Dutch archaeological integrato tra archeologia e turismo cul- Decorative Roof Systems in Italy Inaugurazione di “tourismA 2018” research in ancient Satricum - carried turale. March 16-18, Napoli (Italy) dedicata al Medioevo out in close collaboration with the Sulla Strada degli Etruschi: Project Chiara Frugoni, Nascere e sopravvivere Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti work “Tra Archeologia Arte Cultura.” The fifth conference on nel Medioevo, soprattutto a Firenze. e Paesaggio per le Province di Obiettivo Calabria: Itinerari Paesaggi Architectural Terracottas in Ancient Andrea Macaluso, Seconda novella Frosinone, Latina e Rieti - have Musei. Italy and beyond (Deliciae Fictiles V), della nona giornata del Decameron di unearthed an outstandingly rich and var- Modica Citta Unesco: Storie di un will be held at the National Giovanni Boccaccio. ied record showing evidence of uninter- Eracle siciliano tra barocco e cioccolata. Archaeological Museum in Naples, rupted habitation over a period of nearly March 16-17, 2018, to be followed by February 16, 2018, Palazzo dei 800 years, spanning from the Iron Age February 18, 2018 an excursion to Paestum March 18. Congressi to the early Imperial Period. To cele- XIV Incontro Nazionale di Investigating craft communities, Save Art / Save Italy: La fantasia al brate the 40th anniversary of the Archeologia Viva workshop organizations and networks potere Satricum Project, an international con- Terza parte has never been thoroughly undertaken XIV Incontro Nazionale di ference was held in Rome from October Il Passato nel Futuro: come cambieran- for this period and region, nor for this Archeologia Viva 25-28 2017, under the aegis of the no i mestieri della cultura: nuove figure exceptionally rich category of materials, Prima parte University of Amsterdam and the Royal professionali nel museo e nel turismo nor for the craftspeople producing the Spes contra Spem: Archeologia e ricerca Netherlands Institute in Rome. culturale di domani. architectural terracottas. To understand italiana all’estero al tempo della crisi. The three-day conference addressed Chi Siamo? da dove Veniamo? Pagine roof production and construction in this It's Broken & Ugly: Archeologia e cul- the subject in four different sessions della più antica storia dell’uomo. period, to reveal relationships between tura materiale: Documentazione Analisi reflecting the diverse nature of technol- Viaggi di Cultura e Archeologia: main production centers, and to study Interpretazione. ogy as well as the many approaches Rassegna di itinerari turistico-culturali. the possible influences of immigrant Il Futuro dei Paesaggi: Tra progresso applied to its study: Archeologia e Itinerari Giudaici: Project craftspeople, a conference is needed that culturale e desertificazione civica. Session I: Contextualizing Technology; work “Testimonianze ebraiche e paesag- covers a wider area than Central Italy Riconqusita del Passato: Per un futuro Session II: Materializing Technology— gio. alone. consapevole: interpretare il Patrimonio Buildings; nella cuspide orientale della Sicilia in Organizers: Patricia Lulof per la crescita identitaria delle comunità Session III: Materializing Technology periodo romano e tardoantico.” (University of Amsterdam); Carlo locali. — Mobile Objects; Alla Scoperta degli Etruschi: Percorsi di Rescigno (Università degli Studi della Archeosocial: Il potere delle immagini: Session IV: Visualizing Technology. archeologia fra musei e territori. Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”); Ilaria l’archeologia tra meme e visual story- The conference was festively closed Tra Etruschi e Medioevo: Mostre Manzini (University of Amsterdam, sci- telling. with an excursion to Satricum and a Percorsi, Living history in Valdelsa. entific secretary). Dall’Adratico al Tirreno: Piccoli musei wine tasting at Azienda Agricola Casale L’accessibilta: Università e beni cultur- e grandi storie. del Giglio. ali: una politica culturale inclusive.

Page 28 Accordia Lectures LECTURES & SEMINARS 2017 – 2018 Building Connections: positions Etrusco-Italic buildings in 2017 relation to their counterparts in other October 3, 2017 Etrusco-Italic parts of the Mediterranean; secondly, as “The Golden Smile: Etruscan innova- Architecture in its a prompt to consider buildings as tion and the women behind it,” Jean Mediterranean Context sources of information about those who Turfa, University of Pennsylvania built and used them; and lastly, through Museum. Somerville College, Oxford the lens of mobility, as a quality that October 24, 2017 (England) links pre-Roman and Roman architec- “At the heart of Mare Nostrum: small March 20, 2018 ture and places both in a wider continu- islands and connectivity in the later pre- um of practice. history of Sicily,” Helen Dawson, Free In March of next year Somerville Program University of Berlin. College will host a one-day workshop Jean MacIntosh Turfa (University of November 7, 2017 designed to offer a new, wider perspec- Pennsylvania Museum): The Silent “Rhegion, Locri and the in-between tive on the rapidly expanding field of Roofing Revolution: The Etruscan places: constructing territories in south- Etrusco-Italic architecture. Tie-beam Truss. ern Calabria,” Lin Foxhall, University Authoritative scholars will present Nancy Winter (University of California of Liverpool. seven case studies of buildings, sites, at Santa Barbara): The Icing on the December 12, 2017 and construction techniques that signal Cake. An Overview of Ancient Accordia Anniversary Lecture the extent to which cross-cultural con- Terracotta Roofs in the “Frontiers of Etruria,” Simon Stoddart, tact and adaptation can be recognised in Mediterranean World: Shared vs. University of Cambridge. Sir John Gardner Wilkinson the built environment in early central (1797–1875). Aged 46, in Turkish Regional Practices. Italy. Prior to the expansion of Roman Giovanna Bagnasco Gianni (University 2018 dress, by Henry Wyndham power in the latter part of the first mil- January 23, 2018 Phillips (1820–1868). National of Milan): Architectural choices in lennium BC and the changes in building Etruscan sacred areas: Tarquinia in “From maiolica to terracotta: an indus- Trust, Calke Abbey. that went with it, Etrusco-Italic architec- its Mediterranean setting. trial reconversion in the Arno valley in ture was characterised by extensive use the early modern period,” Hugo Blake, Seminar Patricia S. Lulof (University of of local materials in designs that met Amsterdam): Archaic Architecture Royal Holloway, University of London. Sir John Gardner local needs, which could be particular to Wilkinson and the Revisited. The Satricum Sacellum February 13, 2018 a settlement, a social class, or a set of and the Sant’Omobono Sanctuary. “Fire, food and sense of place: the long- Rediscovery of Etruria activities. It also, however, co-opted term use of the Early Neolithic under- Dr. Laurent Haumesser, John North Hopkins (Rice University): forms, technology, and meaning from ground ovens of Portonovo (Marche, Conservateur en Chef, Musée du Escaping Winkelmann’s Rut: other places and cultures with which its Italy),” Cecilia Conati Barbaro, Louvre Multiple Temporalities, Early communities had contact. Integration of Sapienza University of Rome. Visiting Scholars’ Centre, Roman Architecture and the History these elements relied upon sensitivity to March 20, 2018 Oxford University of Art in the Classical context but above all on a cultural envi- “The Nuragic statuary of Monte Prama October 19 2017 Mediterranean. ronment in which ideas and expertise Stephan Steingräber (Roma Tre in Iron Age Sardinia,” Carlo Tronchetti, could travel and thrive, and thus these National Archaeological Museum of Mostly known as an Egyptologist, Sir University): Etruscan Tomb buildings can be studied both as techni- Cagliari. John Gardner Wilkinson (1797–1875) Architecture from 800 to 400 BC: cal achievements and as products of cer- May 8, 2018 also studied other cultures in his travels Typology, Chronology, Connections, tain social and cultural conditions. The “Late Antique diptychs and their use in around the Mediterranean and through and Influences. workshop accordingly will analyse Carolingian Italy,” Cristina La Rocca, Europe. In Italy, around 1850, he was Mark Wilson Jones (University of architectural connectivity in a broad Bath): Title TBC University of Padua. especially intrigued by Etruscan culture, sense: firstly, as a phenomenon that as we can see by the number of draw- ings in his sketchbooks and the annota- tions in his journal. These papers, now held at the Bodleian, constitute a very important documentation on the archae- ological discovery of ancient Etruria and on the constitution of major Etruscan collections. Wilkinson was the first to illustrate some important monu- ments discovered in the major such as the tombs in Cerveteri or Chiusi, and some masterpieces of Etruscan art such as the Sarcophagus of the Spouses in the famous Campana col- lection. Dr. Haumesser was Humfrey Wanley Fellow 2017-18 at the Bodleian in Berlin fashion students created October 2017. Greek inspired designs for a 2017 Vogue design competition. Page 29 The awards were presented during a ANNOUNCEMENTS Welcome Day ceremony hosted by the Tuscan American Association on Oct. Registration is requested no later 25. The ceremony is held every year for than January 31, 2018. In order to be hundreds of American students as they able to organize the free entrance to the initiate their studies in Florence and exhibition, please indicate if you would Italy in general. like to participate in the guided tour on De Grummond, an expert in Friday (ellen.thiermann@archaeolo- Etruscan, Hellenistic and Roman gie.uzh.ch). archaeology, was recognized by the For registration, further information association for “her work as director of 15th meeting and questions: Ellen Thiermann: archaeological excavations at Cetamura AG Etrusker und Italiker ellen.thiermann@archaeologie. uzh.ch, del Chianti, Tuscany, including research Who are the Etruscans? +41 (0) 44 634 28 11, Susanne and publications that have contributed Erbelding: susanne.erbelding@lan- to knowledge of the ancient Etruscans Italian Olive to be Named Aspects of culture and desmuseum.de, +49 (0) 721 926-6526 and Romans and a field school that has identity brought hundreds of American students for U. of Arizona to work and study in Tuscany since she Anthropology Professor Karlsruhe became director in 1983.” February 9-10, 2018 “It was a thrill to have Cetamura rec- by Alexis Blue, University of Arizona ognized in the grand salon of the Communications February 9, 2018 Palazzo Vecchio, Florence’s historic Guided tour of the exhibition “The town hall,” de Grummond said. “It also David Soren, a Regents’ Professor of Etruscans. World Culture in Ancient was a great pleasure to salute the cadre Anthropology at the University of Italy,” with curator Susanne of FSU students who arrived for the fall Arizona, has spent more than 30 years Erbelding. semester there and who attended the cer- working in the Italian region of Umbria, February 10, 2018 emony.” overseeing archaeological excavations, Part I: Etruscan identity as a A major exhibit of artifacts from the museum projects and the UA’s largest research topic Cetamura site was recently mounted at study abroad program, Arizona in Martin Miller (Stuttgart), The heirs of the National Archaeological Museum in Orvieto. Much of his work has taken the Etruscans. Etruscan identity in Florence. De Grummond has announced place in the small town of Lugnano in today’s Italy? that the artifacts will now be transferred Teverina, where the community has Raffaella da Vela (Leipzig), Identity and to a permanent display in a new muse- become so endeared to Soren that the materiality. Potential and limits of um in Gaiole in Chianti, one of the three local government led an effort to bestow archaeological sources to investi- Classics Professor Nancy original towns of historic Chianti, locat- honorary Italian citizenship upon him in gate an Etruscan cultural identity. ed very near the Cetamura site. 1990 for his contributions to Italian Part II: Genesis of the Etruscans de Grummond honored In their time — which was roughly archaeology. Sabine Pabst (Marburg), Danubian for research into ancient between 1000 and 100 B.C.E. (“Before Now comes another unique Italian influences in the early Iron Age honor for the beloved UA faculty mem- Etruscans the Common Era”) — the Etruscans source material of Central Italy and were the most prominent civilization in ber: a new strain of olive, grown in by Barry Ray the question of the genesis of the Italy, controlling virtually the entire Umbria, will bear his name. The Soren Etruscans. peninsula. They constructed roads, Olive is currently being cultivated by Florida State University Classics Olaf Dörrer (Berlin), On the Eastern buildings and sewer systems and, along farmers and is expected to be marketed Professor Nancy de Grummond, one of Mediterranean Component in the with the ancient Greeks, developed the internationally sometime in the next the world’s leading authorities on the Ethnogenesis of Etruscans around first true cities in Europe. They also three to five years. ancient Etruscan civilization, was 1000 BC. built large, complex religious sanctuar- Soren first started working in recently recognized for her decades of Part III: Myth and Ritual ies, which may have been the purpose Umbria in 1987, after being invited archaeological work and research dur- Petra Amann (Vienna), Founder heroes served, in part, by the Cetamura site. there by a local cultural association that ing a ceremony held at the Palazzo and founding myths - case studies The Tuscan American Award is the had heard in the media about his work Vecchio, the majestic town hall of from Etruria. most recent of a number of honors that on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus, Florence, Italy. Ingrid Krauskopf (Heidelberg), Oriental de Grummond has received over the where he was studying ancient earth- De Grummond, the M. Lynette and indigenous elements in Etruscan course of a distinguished career. In quakes at the time. Since then, Soren Thompson Professor of Classics and a haruspicy. 2015, she was selected by the has published widely on his work in Distinguished Research Professor at Vincenzo Timpano (Berlin), Pratiche Archaeological Institute of America for Italy, which currently includes the ongo- FSU, was one of two recipients of a rituali etrusche durante i processi di its annual Excellence in Undergraduate ing excavation of an expansive infant Tuscan American Award, an honor urbanizzazione. Un approccio multi- Teaching Award in recognition of the cemetery where the youngest victims of bestowed each year on those who have disciplinare. invaluable service she has given to the a malaria outbreak were buried in the significantly contributed to further Part IV: Limits of Etruscan Identity archaeological community as an educa- mid-5th century. He’s also working to developing the ties of friendship and Mariachiara Franceschini (Zurich), tor. In 2008, she was named a establish a museum and exhibition cen- exchange between the United States and “L’abito non fa il greco.” Etruscan Distinguished Research Professor at ter in Lugnano with help from students the Tuscany region of central Italy. The identity and visual narration. FSU, an award that normally goes to in the UA’s College of Architecture, other award recipient was Luigi Claudio Negrini (Vienna), L’identità researchers in the sciences, and she is a Planning and Landscape Architecture. Lazzareschi, CEO of Italian company sfuggente: The vague identities of three-time recipient of a FSU’s Teaching Soren also recently learned that he Sofidel S.p.A., the sixth-largest manu- the Etruscans and Italic peoples in Award. will receive the Excellence in Romagna in the 6th and 5th c. BC. facturer of tissue paper in the world. Undergraduate Teaching Award from Page 30 the Archaeological Institute of America. The national honor, which recognizes IN THE JOURNALS excellence in the teaching of archaeolo- gy, is being presented in Boston in Reviewed by Lynette Mitchell, BMCR January. In the Journals 95.03.27. As if those accolades weren’t “…the common thread being the ques- enough, Soren has additionally received ANTIKE WELT. Zeitschrift zur tion, what can archaeology tell us word that his latest book, Art, Cinema Archäologie und Kulturgeschichte about Greek society? … comments and Popular Culture, has been accepted (2017.4) is dedicated to the will generally be directed towards for publication. The textbook, a 400- Etruscans, with many interesting the usefulness of this book to ancient page, illustrated collection of lectures he articles and color plates. historians.” has given throughout his career, is due out early next year. Giovanni Boffa, “Il vaso ben levigato. Nick Fisher, Hans van Wees, eds. Soren is humbled by the recent wave Una proposta di lettura per l’is- ‘Aristocracy’ in Antiquity. of recognition. “I’ve been doing what I crizione più antica dalla necropoli di Redefining Greek and Roman elites. do for 45 years,” he said. “You go along Osteria dell’Osa.” Parola del Swansea, Classical Press of Wales, for years and nothing happens, but this Passato. Rivista di Studi Antichi. 2015. was all quite a surprise.” bringing to light unpublished archival Vol. LXX (2015) 153-189. Reviewed by Massimiliano Di Fazio, documents concerning different areas of BMCR 2016.11.31. Call for Papers central Tyrrhenian Italy. Francesco Gabriele Cifani, “ Il sepolcro dei Cracni The Strange Case of Mancinelli Scotti worked in Narce, a Perugi. Ideologia e cultura di una Tesse Stek, “Cult, conquest and reli- and Corchiano, as well as Nepi, famiglia aristocratica tra ellenismo e Francesco Mancinelli gious Romanization. The impact of in the area of the Mounts Cimini, romanizzazione.” Römische Rome on cult places and religious Scotti Tuscania, Poggio Buco and Pitigliano, Mitteilungen 121 (2015) 125-176. practices in ancient Italy.” In T.D. (Merchant of Antiquities and and in the South Sabine region, the Stek, G.J. Burgers, eds., The impact Latium Vetus (Ardea in particular) and Ian Morris, ed. Classical Greece: of Rome on cult places and religious Terracottas from Excavation ) probably elsewhere. He was responsi- Ancient Histories and Modern International Workshop practices in ancient Italy. Bulletin of ble for selling important antiquities, Archaeologies. New Directions in the Institute of Classical Studies Marco Besso Foundation - Rome which are nowadays part of the collec- Archaeology. Cambridge University 26 October 2018 Supplement 132. London 2105, 1- tions of the University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994. 28. Museum of Archaeology and For many scholars who are interest- Anthropology in Philadelphia and the ed in the late 19th – early 20th century Columbia University in New York City. excavations in South Etruria, Tuscany, We invite all scholars working on Ager Faliscus and Latium Vetus, Francesco Mancinelli Scotti to submit Francesco Mancinelli Scotti is a well- the results of their recent research pre- known key figure of those years. This senting a paper or a poster. In particular, excavator was often working outside the we welcome original contributions in legal boundaries of archaeology and English, Italian, French or German deal- was therefore named “the wrecker of all ing with: Etruria” by Felice Barnabei. Despite 1. the excavations of Francesco this negative judgment, the interest of Mancinelli Scotti in a specific area of this “archaeologist” lies in his frenetic ancient Italy activity on the field, which resulted in 2. the creations of antiquity collec- fundamental discoveries of pre-Roman tions and archival documents related to Italy as well as in the creation of impor- Francesco Mancinelli Scotti tant collections in museums in Italy and 3. the biography of Francesco Marco Del Chiaro, Nancy Winter, Mario Del Chiaro, Lisa Pieraccini. abroad. Although the importance of his Mancinelli Scotti News from UC Berkeley’s Del excavations has been often stressed in In order to participate to this interna- “Constructed Ethnicities in Ancient literature, we are still missing a modern tional workshop please send a provi- Chiaro Center Italy.” Professor Del Chiaro and his son comprehensive and critical analysis of sional title/topic for your paper and a by Lisa Pieraccini, Project Director Marco were present at both events. his discoveries and of his biography. short abstract (maximum 200 words) at The Del Chiaro Center is working Maria Cristina Biella (Sapienza [email protected] by January 26, UC Berkeley’s Del Chiaro Center closely with the Phoebe A. Hearst University of Rome) and Jacopo Tabolli 2018. With the purpose of promoting for Ancient Italian Studies had a very Museum at UC Berkeley on their exten- (Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti discussion on the different topics that busy year. Nancy A. Winter, sive Etruscan collection. The collection, e Paesaggio per le province di Siena, will be presented, the number of papers Distinguished Senior Researcher in the one of the largest west of the e Arezzo) are pleased to accepted will be limited. Acceptance Ancient Mediterranean Studies Program Mississippi, features a full range of arti- announce an international workshop on notification will be sent by March 26, at the UC Santa Barbara, gave the Sixth facts from central Etruria. This teaching Francesco Mancinelli Scotti to be held 2018 together with possible funding to Annual Del Chiaro Lecture in March collection includes stone carved sar- at the Marco Besso Foundation in Rome partially cover expenses for attendance. 2017, on “Traders and cophagi, terracotta votive heads (pub- on October 26, 2018. The aim of this The conference proceedings will be Refugees: Contributions to Etruscan lished in Nagy 1988), Genucilia plates workshop is to gain a broad understand- published in a peer-reviewed volume. Architecture.” In addition, Erich Gruen, (Del Chiaro 1957), bucchero, bronze ing of the chronology of his excavations For further information please email Wood Professor Emeritus at UC mirrors, and even fragments of wall and their importance during the crucial Maria Cristina Biella and Jacopo Tabolli Berkeley, gave a special Del Chiaro painting (Caeretan plaques), just to years after the Unification of Italy, at [email protected]. Lecture in the fall of 2017, entitled name a few categories of items. Page 31 Lucy Shipley’s brilliant contribution to Reaktion Books Lost Civilizations BOOK REVIEWS series, The Etruscans. Shipley’s graceful writing coupled detailed information about all the Brief Book Reviews with the book’s thoughtful and accessi- edited by Larissa Bonfante important textile finds in Europe makes ble structure makes the volume a perfect this volume a kind of encyclopedia of introduction to the broader subject of textile production and use. My own per- the Etruscans to lay audiences. sonal favorite is the evidence from the Moreover, it contains more than a few Princely Burial at Eberdingen- terrific observations and surprising Hochdorf, in Germany, a case study by takes on traditional subjects, making it a Johanna Banck-Burgess (139-150), pleasure for readers already well showing that all objects in the chamber informed about the subject. tomb had been carefully wrapped in The book consists of eleven chap- cloth: The walls of the grave were ters, each loosely organized around a draped, and all the objects along with single object that serves as a synecdoche the deceased in his shroud were for the section’s thesis. Themes con- wrapped in colorful textiles. What could cerning the supposed “mystery” of been the meaning of this “packing up” are confronted and dis- of the objects that were placed in the patched with a view toward understand- Örjan Wikander, with contributions grave for his move to a different world? ing the modern social and political his- by Fredrik Tobin, Roof-Tiles and Tile- Gleba tries to answer this and similar tories lurking behind the question. The Roofs at Poggio Civitate (Murlo). questions in “Wrapped up for safe keep- very relatable concern of wealth dispar- Skrifter utgivna av Svenska Institutet ing. ‘Wrapping’ customs in early Iron ity is presented through a lens that tran- I Rom, 4°, 63. 2017. Dedicated to the Age Europe,” in S. Harris and L. Douny, scends materialism and considers the late Charlotte Wikander. Margarita Gleba and Ulle eds. Wrapping and unwrapping materi- always critical concern of archaeologi- Mannering, eds., Textile and Textile al culture: Archaeological and anthro- cal visibility in our understanding of The tiled roof(s) of 7th-6th century Production in Europe from Prehistory pological perspectives (2014).(LB) ancient communities and their structure. BC Murlo are marvels in themselves, to AD 400. Ancient Textiles Series, vol. Elsewhere, Shipley tackles historically but this book offers data on many more 11. Oxford, Oxbow Books 2012. complicated and murky subjects of sites, finds and periods. It should be Etruscan sexuality, their language, and considered indispensible for any study Margarita Gleba has been putting rituals associated with all in of , both for the textiles from pre-Roman Italy and ways that are as effectively described in basic information it imparts and for the ancient Europe on the map, not only for her prose as they are with the handsome author’s interpretations and analyses; it specialists, but also for a wider audi- color illustrations. also updates not only Wikander’s own, ence, in a number of publications that This is a book well suited for a num- but several other publications, setting make the results of recent excavations ber of audiences. At a very accessible the record straight or complementing and research easily available: Textile price point of $16.99, it would be a won- what has been known or suspected Production in Pre Roman Italy (2008), derful complement to any Introduction about early roofing in Italy. Its survey and “The World of Etruscan Textiles,” to Classical Archaeology course that of the development of roof-tiles in in Jean MacIntosh Turfa, The Etruscan sought an effective and efficient intro- Central Italy (650-200 BC) thus aug- World (2013). Though textiles represent duction to the subject of the Etruscans. ments the main publication in the field one of the earliest human craft technolo- As such, it is the perfect response to the of Etruscan architectural terracottas, gies and can tell us so much about inter- question posed to so many specialists Nancy Winter’s invaluable Symbols of action between ancient societies and working with ancient central Italy: wealth and power (2009); it also con- aspects of their cultures and societies, “What should I read to give me a good tributes more information on the less- they have only recently become a idea of what the Etruscans are all decorative elements of the roof systems. respected field of study in our disci- about?” It is also a work that engages Designed to match the format of his Lucy Shipley, Lost Civilizations: The pline. True, excavation and conserva- traditional questions in unexpected and 1993 work on the Acquarossa tiles, this Etruscans. Reaktion Books (London tion techniques can now make such tex- refreshing ways. For example, volume will be of immediate value to 2017). Pp 213. 56 illustrations. tiles more easily available for research Shipley’s consideration of the “Etruscan scholars studying excavated material Reviewed by Anthony Tuck than used to be the case; but this has market” for Greek materials reorients and/or Etruscan and Italic architecture: happened as a result of the fact that the the discussion around an appreciation only they will be able to fully appreciate One of the more welcome trends field was taken more seriously, and not for how Etruscan tastes drove Greek the fine detail of descriptions and com- within Etruscan Studies of recent years the other way round. So we owe Gleba a production and recognizes the essential parisons. But anyone curious about ver- is the interest of many scholars in speak- debt of gratitude for making them visi- Italic role in the creation of that aesthet- nacular architecture or Etruscan produc- ing to audiences beyond a narrow aca- ble and actualizing their potential as evi- ic. In short, it is a rare book that will tion processes, and anyone needing demic sphere of interest. Whether with dence for ancient life, technology, ritu- resonate to audiences already well measurements of sizes or weights of any of a number of recent handbooks on als, and much else. informed as well as those eager to learn roof elements will find what they need the Etruscans or volumes such as She has teamed up with Ulla about the Etruscans for the first time. here. Section III.3.1 even furnishes Mannering to produce Textiles and Christopher Smith’s The Etruscans: A wonderful information on animal and Textile Production in Europe, a major Very Short Introduction, these works human footprints made before firing. new survey whose twenty-three chap- reach beyond traditional audiences, fer- Section III “From clay beds to exca- ters provide essential information from tilizing enthusiasm to a broader spec- vation” offers a fine analysis of the man- sixteen European countries. Such trum of people. To this, we can add ufacture and installation of tiles – the Page 32 sort of treatment that is sorely lacking in University of Texas, this is the largest often amusing picture of donors, collec- most publications, whether on Italic, special exhibition ever mounted by the tors and others, among them directors of Greek or Roman roofs. If more schol- Kelsey Museum, and its first-ever major the AA.R. She offers fascinating biog- ars/art historians were aware of the real- international loan exhibition, with more raphies of R. Norton, J. Loeb, V. Allison ities and practicalities of constructing than 200 objects brought from Italy. Armour, A.W. van Buren, E. Douglas ancient roofs, our picture of Etruscan It explores the lavish lifestyle and Van Buren, G.N. Olcott, Th. Ashby, and society and “science” (Italian scienza) economic interests of ancient Rome’s E. Douglas Van Deman. Part Two is a would greatly change... The discussion wealthiest and most powerful citizens, catalogue raisonné of highlights, a of plastic and painted decoration is who vacationed along the Bay of charming selection from ca. 9,000 arti- highly practical and should encourage Naples. The exhibition focuses on two facts, most of which are accessible scholars to contemplate the conditions structures at Oplontis that were buried online. Often the provenances are of work and design that pertained in when Mount Vesuvius erupted in AD unknown, so that many artifacts cannot antiquity and how these affected the 79. One is an enormous luxury villa that easily be dated. The comments written appearance of structures and monu- may once have belonged to the family by American experts are short but to the ments. of Nero’s second wife Poppaea. The point. Many significant features of the other is a nearby commercial-residential Murlo buildings are here expressed for complex—a center for the trade in wine nearly the first time, for instance, in and other produce of villa lands. contrast to the famous roofs at Veii- Together these two establishments Marta Scarrone, La pittura vascolare and Satricum, the Murlo speak eloquently of the ways in which etrusca del V secolo. (Archaeologica ridge-tiles bearing the human akroteria the Roman elite built, maintained, and 74). Rome, Giorgio Bretschneider are not extra inserts but are the true displayed their vast wealth, political Editore, 2017. ridge-tiles. Such discoveries will be of power, and social prestige.(LB) Reviewed by L. Bouke van der Meer, value for art historians dealing with BABESCH 2017. sculpture as well as architecture. Wikander’s practical approach helps to This voluminous book of Marta recreate the experience of Etruscan and Scarrone is, according to the title, dedi- Italic builders and those who dwelt in cated to Etruscan vase painting from the tiled structures, and as such is relevant 5th century BC, the so-called interim for us all. period in Etruscan art. Fortunately, she also considers the first part of the 4th century, even paying some attention to the Sokra and Phantom Groups after ca. 350 BC (p. 284). The book, basically her doctoral dissertation (Bonn 2011), is an important addition to Sir John Jean Gran-Aymerich. Les vases de Beazley’s Etruscan Vase Painting bucchero. Le monde étrusque entre (1947) and Marina Martelli’s La ceram- Orient et Occident. Rome, L’Erma di ica degli Etruschi (1987). She did Bretschneider, 1917. autopsy in 65 museums… Apart from imported vases, she This new handbook of bucchero, the believes that the painters copied from typically Etruscan ware which was cartoons and Modellbücher (pp. 105, widely distributed in Italy as well as the 115, 243), especially when the import of Larissa Bonfante and Helen Nagy, Mediterranean in the Orientalzing and Attic vases stagnated. It is, however, eds. The Collection of Antiquities of Archaic periods, is up to date with the doubtful whether pattern books existed the , Ann very latest finds and bibliography. Gran in the 5th and 4th centuries BC; it seems Arbor, Michigan Press 2015. Aymerich has made a thorough study of to me that painted textile and illustrated (Memoirs of the Academy in Rome, the types of bucchero, the fabric, the linen books are a more likely source… Suppl. Vol. XI). decoration, workshops, relationships of Elaine . Gazda and John R. Clarke, In my view, the … influence [of Greek Reviewed by L. Bouke van der Meer, the Etruscan cities with each other and eds. 2016. Leisure and Luxury in the drama] is due to visual rather than oral BABESCH 2017. with other areas of the Mediterranean, Age of Nero: The Villas of Oplontis traditions. Scarrone considers male fig- and much else. The book was presented Near Pompeii. Ann Arbor, MI, Kelsey ures wrapped in their mantles who look Part One, the most readable part of on December 7, 2017, in the Conference Museum of Archaeology. like Greek eromenoi as deceased men. the book, is dedicated to the history and Hall of the Vatican Museum, by Barbara Elaine Gazda and John Clarke, In that case there need not be any direct context of the archaeological study col- Jatta and Maurizio Sannibale, Curator of respectively Professors of Roman Art connection with the Greek images of the lection of the American Academy in the Museo Etrusco Gregoriano, the and Archaeology the University of eromenos… Rome (AAR). R.D. De Puma tells how Etruscan section of the Vatican Michigan and of Texas, have edited the Scarrone’s careful study is a tremen- Americans, among whom J.J. Jarves, Museums. A full review will appear in handsomely illustrated catalogue of an dous achievement; no chemical analysis A.L. Frothingham Jr. and P. Apperson the next issue of this journal. (LB). equally splendid exhibit held in 2016 at has been able to help to identify produc- Hearst, collected antiquities in Italy the Kelsey Museum, where Elaine tion centers, since Tuscan clay is basi- between ca. 1865 and 1920. L. Gazda is curator of Antiquities. cally the same everywhere. Let us hope Bonfante and H. Nagy sketch how the Organized in cooperation with the that the author will write a synthetic collection was formed and grew after Archaeological Superintendency of book on Etruscan vase panting after ca. 1911. K.A. Geffcken presents a vivid, Pompeii and the Oplontis Project at the 350 BC. Page 33 illustrates a difference between Etruscan Elizabeth Moignard to explore how the and Greek character. In Greece, such images speak to the viewer about a set things might be considered impure or of shared interests and universal values, even offensive, while the sacrificial, such as family, home, and loss. personal identity of offrants in central […] The subject of chapter Five Italy may have been what led to cures. (“Masks”) is an eye-cup with one of the Greeks want to restore the body (and most famous images of Exekias in its body politick) to wholeness, Etruscans interior, Dionysos reclining in a boat seek the divine critique from sacrifice sailing in a coral-red sea between leap- and options for expiation. ing dolphins. The exterior shows a nose The time is right for our analysis of between large eyes on each side and a “fragmentation of the body” in ancient fighting scene around each handle. In art and literature, and additional details this chapter Moignard builds on the of these and other finds may be found in often-repeated concept of the drinker’s Bodies of Evidence. Ancient transformation when lifting the cup to Anatomical Votives Past Present and his lips by showing a mask, associated Future, edited by Jane Draycott and with Dionysian imagery, to his fellow Emma-Jane Graham (Routledge, 2017), drinkers at the symposion. Here, with with chapters by an array of experts. the position of the ship’s prow pointing Jean Hadas-Lebel, Les cas locaux en Both books are at the cutting edge of into the drinker’s mouth, he is Jessica Hughes, Votive Body Parts in étrusque. Biblioteca di “Studi studies of ancient minds. metaphorically swallowing the god Greek and Roman Religion. Etruschi” 56. Giorgio Bretschneider when he drinks. Moignard links the Cambridge University Press, 2017. Editore, Rome 2016. fighting scenes on the exterior with the by Jean MacIntosh Turfa . Reviewed by L. Bouke van der Meer, in world of drinking and Dionysos by not- This meticulously researched and Etruscan Studies 2017 no. 2. ing that the Homeric hero not only documented book bears more than a sin- fights, but also feasts. […] gle reading: it presents masses of evi- Jean Hadas-Lebel’s book, based on a Like the multi-layered images of dence of offerings, ancient accounts and habilitation defended at the Sorbonne in Exekias, this well-produced book can be images of body parts, and, while care- 2012, makes an important contribution read on different levels. A general-inter- fully denoting the boundaries of what to our knowledge of the morphology of est reader can enjoy Moignard’s person- can be proven, goes on to stimulate the … al approach and clear style (a glossary at speculation and a better understanding In Part One the author proposes, in the end of the book further explains of ancient suppliants’ thoughts and view of the existence of more than one technical or Greek terms, e.g., bilingual, intentions. The slim volume is well locative in the agglutinating languages echinus, peplos). Others might want to illustrated, including items from the Turkish, Finnish and Hungarian, that dig deeper and read about the scholarly Wellcome Collection as well as numer- Etruscan, though an unrelated and not debate in the notes, or go even further to ous excavated deposits. completely agglutinating language, has, study the literature in the bibliography. Chapters present the different cultural apart from the previously recognized For university students this book could perceptions of Classical Greece (heavily locative (e.g. capue < *capua-i (“in be an excellent teaching tool: one can tinged with medicine and medical phi- Capua”), and ablative (e.g. truials < imagine small groups of students, each losophy), Republican Italy (dominated truia-l-s (“from Troy,” used as nomina- working on a case study and its back- initially by Etruscan culture), Roman tive), six other local “cases:” an ines- ground literature, to promote further Gaul and Celtic culture (tantalizing Elizabeth Moignard, Master of Black- sive, illative, superessive, sublative, del- exploration of one or another theory or wooden sculptures preserved in the Figure Painting. The Art and Legacy ative and elative, indicated by a mor- further discussion regarding the method underwater contexts of the Seine sanctu- of Exekias. London, New York, I.B. pheme, often a suffix, in postposition. and choices made by Moignard. But no ary), and imperial-era stone stelai from Tauris, 2015. …. In sum, a situation is indicated by matter how this book is read, every Asia Minor with written accounts and the inessive and superessive, the goal of reader will be enthused to discover how images of transgressions, punishments The Athenian potter and painter the direction by the illative and subla- these images still speak to us. from the gods, and expiation. Exekias was an innovator in both of the tive, and a provenance by the elative and Chapter 3 presents the anatomical fields in which he worked. [As a potter] The modernity of antiquity, Chanel cruise collection 2017-18 votives of Etruscan Gravisca and he was instrumental in developing the Tessennano (representing the cities of shape of the Type A amphora, the eye- Tarquinia and Vulci) dated mainly to the cup, and the standard variant neck- 3rd to 1st centuries BC. Etruria is excep- amphora of the last decades of the sixth tional among the ancient Mediterranean century BC. As a painter, he introduced cultures for its intensive production of new compositions, sensitively exploit- models of “innards”, internal organs, ing the possibilities of the black-figure ranging from uteri to poylvisceral technique in combination with the vase plaques and figurines and statues or tor- shapes and ornament. sos, dressed or undressed, with exposed The talents of Exekias have resulted organs. A few of the headless torsos in vast scholarly attention and scholars seem to show cut-off ribs or marks of continue to study his work and (re- suturing – all traits that imply affinities )interpret his images. Exekias’s vases with the sacrifice of animals… and it is also have lasting appeal for modern the sacrificial, divinatory aspect that viewers, which was the inspiration for Page 34 delative. H-L presents an interpretation but the biased view of the eastern sees us “On the Verge of Death,” and basin. Contributors provide a diverse of the suffix -tra that was first suggested Mediterranean as the Hellenized East as Chapter 5 faces the end, “After All, We range of approaches in order to examine and then rejected by H. Rix. He trans- opposed to the western Mediterranean Die, and Then?” how power operated in society, how it lates anestra as “Anes himself,” and or Roman West has persisted. Illustrations begin of course with was exercised and resisted, and how this flerχvetr[a] as ‘the victims themselves’ The present volume is a significant Egypt and colorful images of Anubis can be studied through mortuary evi- (88-94). For a different view, see Rex attempt to reshape the discourse on the and other denizens of its complex world dence.” Wallace, Zikh Rasna, 2008, 103-104. western Mediterranean in the 3rd, 2nd, of the dead and demons. The Tomb of Of particular interest to us are con- Part Two deals with the local “cases” in and 1st centuries BCE. The co-editors at Paestum, influenced by tributions in Part 1, “Funerary the first declension, Part Three deals have collected thirteen papers that Etruscan tomb painting, finds its place Symbolism and Ritual Practice:” M. with the syntax of “cases.” address various aspects of western in the last chapter. William Blake’s Cuozzo on theoretical issues; C. Iaia, on [The reviewer cites the author’s Mediterranean culture in the three cen- illustration shows a female Soul hover- Early Iron Age styles of drinking and translations of some Etruscan inscrip- turies after the death of Alexander with ing over the male Body, “reluctantly burial rites; L. Shipley, Potting personi- tions, together with his comments: the the goal of restoring this half of the parting with Life.” The old-fashioned fied: biconical urns; E. O’Donoghue, famous inscription of Laris Pulenas (ET ancient Mediterranean world to any dis- ligatures of the font remind us that these Gender and social identity in 6th centu- Ta 1.17), and the funerary inscription in cussion of the Hellenistic period… are serious, often sacred words meant to ry Chiusi; A. Faustoferri, Women in a Tarquinia (73-76, ET Ta 1.107), felsnas exorcise the fear of death. (LB) warriors’ society; P. von Eles et : la : leθes / svalce : avil : CVI /murce al.,Verucchio and children; Names and : capue / tleχe : hanipaluscle, “La(rth) princely tombs of Campania recontextu- Felsnas, son of Lethe, lived 106 years, alized. And from Section 2, “Identities left/departed to Capua, (and) served dur- on the Fringe:” L. Zamboni, multicul- ing the (war) of Hannibal” (29).] turalism in 6th-century BC western Emilia; R. Scopacasa on Samnium; V. Zanoni on Brandopferplätze; and E. Perego on inequality and socio-political complexity in Iron Age Veneto, c. 800– 500 BC.

Richard Brilliant, Death. From Dust to , 2017. London, Reaktion Elisa Perigo, Rafael Scopacasa, eds. Books. Distributed by University of Burial and Social Change in First Chicago . Millennium BC Italy: Approaching Social Agents. Gender, personhood Cousin Billy’s funeral first aroused his and marginality (Studies in Funerary interest in the ceremony, the author tells Archaeology). Oxford, Oxbow Books, Jonathan R. W. Prag, Josephine us, and in cemeteries, “the alleged rest- 2016. Crawley Quinn, The Hellenistic West: ing place of the dead.” He never did fig- From the web site of the British School Rethinking the Ancient ure out how the dead could be ”resting,” at Rome. Mediterranean. Cambridge and New peacefully or otherwise. But these old Marinella Marchesi, Le sculture di età York, Cambridge University Press, experiences finally resolved themselves Elisa Perego and Rafael Scopacasa orientalizzante in Etruria padana. 2013 . in this intensely personal book, bringing (British School at Rome Ralegh Catalogo delle collezioni del Museo Reviewed by Barbara Tsakirgis, BMCR some order into the “images, texts, and Radford Rome Fellows in Humanities, Civico Archeologico di Bologna. 2015.03.09 the thoughts of concerned generations” 2013–14 and 2010–11, respectively) Comune di Bologna, 2011. which he has long been collecting, and collaborated in the editing of this new Reviewed by Christopher J. Smith, The Hellenistic period in the western has now turned into this meditation on volume, which derived from a June BMCR 2014.10.05. Mediterranean is the red-headed death, and how to survive it. 2011 BSR event on the same subject, stepchild of ancient history. Because Death and funerals, mourners, monu- co-organized by the editors. The reviewer calls this book “…a Alexander the Great never set foot in, let ments and tombs -- all these are well “The chief aim of this collection of thorough and well-illustrated account of alone conquered, any part of the western known to us from Etruscan art, as they 14 papers is to harness innovative the important sculptural output of north- Mediterranean, many scholars have lim- are to this eminent historian of Roman approaches to the exceptionally rich ernmost Etruria from the late 8th to the ited their view of the Hellenistic in cul- art. Chapter titles recall familiar sub- mortuary evidence of first millennium 6th centuries BC,” and sets out clearly tural terms to material only from the jects: Chapter 1 is devoted to BC Italy, in order to investigate the roles the arguments of the debate on the cul- eastern Mediterranean. A few authors “Monuments of a Recognizable Kind. and identities of social actors who either tural independence of Bologna from have attempted to remedy the neglect of Eliciting Memory of the Departed.” struggled for power and social recogni- southern Etruria, especially in the case the West, e.g., Pernice in his multivol- Chapters 2 and 3 are more playfully tion, or were manipulated and exploited of a new Orientalizing style that breaks ume assessment of the Hellenistic cul- entitled “Grave Matters,” and by superior authorities in a phase of with the Villanovan tradition, and has ture of Pompeii or the publication of the “Mourning Becomes.” But Chapter 4 tumultuous socio-political change close ties with the north Syrian tradition conference Hellenismus in Mittelitalien, deals with “The Remains,” Chapter 5 throughout the entire Mediterranean of the 9th and 8th centuries. Page 35 sents an epilogue to the finds from exca- with a contribution by Lucina Vattuone, vations in Vulci in the first half of the under the scientific direction of 19th century, when the Torlonia Princes, Maurizio Sannibale, it is the first vol- following in the footsteps of Luciano ume of the series dedicated to the com- Bonaparte, financed the excavations of plete publication of this collection, in the French school, published by which every object is illustrated in detail Stéphane Gsell. and placed in its context, from its ori- In 1982 the historical, archaeologi- gins to its acquisition, according to doc- cal, numismatic and ethnological sec- uments showing how, in over a century, tions of the Museum, with over 6300 it passed from the hands of the excava- objects inventoried to date, were tors and collectors to the display cases deposited and entrusted to the Vatican of the Biblical Museum. As a result of Museums, and now a catalog of the this research part of the materials of the Etruscan-Italic and Greek materials, Gsell excavations from Vulci, long including 212 objects ranging from the thought to be missing, have been 9th to 1st century BC, was presented in returned to their place. Other catalogs, the Vatican Museums (September 28, dedicated to the ancient Near East and 2017). Authored by Ferdinando Sciacca, Egypt, will follow. dispersed 19th-century collections. It is Ferdinando Sciacca, Materiali etru- therefore no surprise that many frag- sco-italici e greci da Vulci (scavi Gsell) ments constitute the tesserae of a com- e di provenienza varia. La collezione plicated archaeological puzzle of inter- del Pontificio Istituto Biblico, vol. 1, national scope, making possible the Città del Vaticano 2017, Edizioni reconstruction of painted vases scattered Musei Vaticani. in museums throughout the world. . by Maurizio Sannibale The intent of illustrating the work of a variety painters led to the presence of The Pontifical Biblical Institute, many fragmentary pieces, but there founded in 1909 by Pope St. Pius X and were also masterpieces, like the famous entrusted to the Society of Jesus, was late-Corinthian crater depicting the transferred in 1911 to the 17th-century Embassy of Odysseus and Menelaus to Palazzo Muti Papazzurri in Piazza della Troy in order to obtain the return of Pilotta in Rome. The Institute, devoted Helen. (Fig. 2). to the scientific study of the Holy The present catalogue fits into the Scriptures and their natural and archae- tradition of studies on ancient vases in ological contexts, thus acquired a study La Collezione Astarita nel Museo mature Classical, starting from the Vatican collections, which goes back to collection and museum to provide mate- Etrusco Gregoriano. Ceramica attica Pioneers, who experimented with this the 18th century, and that has seen aca- rial for research and general educational bilingue, a figure rosse e vernice nera, new technique around 525-520 BC. demic cooperation in various catalogues training. The Collection is a happy com- by Giulia Rocco, with contributions Mario Astarita (Naples 1896- died of the Museo Etrusco Gregoriano, from bination of happenstance and careful by Jasper Gaunt, Mario Iozzo and 1979) was a connoisseur who put the pioneering studies of Carlo selection; all the continents of the world Aaron J. Paul, Vatican Museums together a collection of about 900 Albizzati, to the Anglo-Saxon tradition and all periods, from the Palaeolithic to Editions, Vatican City 2016. pieces. Sir John Beazley identified the with the classic of John the contemporary era, are represented. Reviewed by Maurizio Sannibale work of the refined late Archaic painter Beazley and Arthur Dale Trendall. While the Italian materials present in it of kylikes of the symposiast on the cat- from“Masterpieces in Red and are mainly linked to the vicissitudes of Over 25 centuries ago, an Athenian alogue’s cover and called him the Mario Black,” in L’Osservatore Romano, 16 collecting and the liberality of the own- master painted the elegant image of a Painter in honor of his friend Astarita. In November 2016, p. 4. ers, those of the Near East are due to young man at a symposium… (Fig. 1). fact the collection was a constant study trips and increasing archaeologi- This image is on the cover of the cata- resource for the greatest experts of cal activity, particularly in the city of logue of the Astarita Collection, now ancient vase painting, from Enrico Jerusalem. The Museum of Piazza della housed in the Vatican’s Etruscan Paribeni to Dietrich von Bothmer and Pilotta was not large and had no univer- Museum; it is dedicated to the bilingual Sir John Beazley. The Oxford scholar sal encyclopedic claims; it was a prod- red- and black-figure Attic vases. spent many summers working on the uct of its time, when even archaeologists Earlier volumes dealt with the South collection in the splendid Villa Astarita such as Wolfgang Helbig took the works Italian and Etruscan vases (A.D. in Capri between 1955 and 1965, often of Homer and the Bible as sources for Trendall 1976), to Attic black-figure enjoying, together with his host, the the interpretation of Etruscan civiliza- pottery (M. Iozzo 2002) and to non- exciting sport of joining fragments of tion. Attic production (M. Iozzo 2012). With shattered pots. The Vatican Museums were the nat- its 424 illustrated pieces, including Shortly thereafter (1967-1968), ural recipients of the Biblical collec- vases and fragments, of which 239 are Mario Astarita gave to Pope Paul VI his tions, not only as institutions of the Holy attributed to 106 different figures collection of Greek, South Italian and See, but also because of their relevance among potters and painters, the present Etruscan vases. They were placed in a for the history and nature of these col- catalogue has been eagerly awaited; it gallery inaugurated on June 18, 1971. lections. For the Museo Etrusco offers a representative sample of the The Astarita collection, like many Gregoriano, the acquisition of the best production of red-figured Athenian others, was formed in the early decades Biblical Etruscan-Italic materials repre- pottery from the late Archaic to the of the 20th century, when the available material came from excavations or from Page 36 BOOK ANNOUNCEMENTS

Southern and Northern Italy, south(east) Central Europe, the Transalpine regions, Corsica, Sicily, Sardinia, Greece, North Africa, Southern France, and the Iberian peninsula. The book contains many new maps and color plates. At the end, there is information on the authors, and an index (indispensable).

Annalisa Coppolaro Nowell, Anthony Valentina Orlando, Gli Etruschi per Tuck, and Goran Soderberg, Gioco (Fun with the Etruscans or The L’Avventura Etrusca di Murlo, The Etruscans for Fun). Illustrator: C. Etruscan Adevnture of Murlo; ARA Elmi. Editor: Federighi Collana: Le Alessandro Naso, ed. Etruscology. Editions. novelle della cipolla 2016. Pagine: 45 Berlin, De Gruyter 2017. p., ill. Reviewed by L. Bouke van der Meer, to The new book on 50 years of exca- In this charming book for young appear in BABESCH 2018. vations at Poggio Civitate, The Etruscan adults, Clara, who wants to be an Adevnture of Murlo. was launched at the archaeologist, has been studying the This voluminous multi-author hand- Museo di Murlo on December 17, 2017. Etruscans. Their story fascinates her, so book weighs in at 1844 pages, as against The three authors were present, and the in order to learn more about them she 1167 for Jean MacIntosh Turfa’s archaeologist Giuseppe M. Della Fina goes to Tarquinia. She goes into the Etruscan World (2013), and a laconic illustrated with great precision the struc- painted tombs, where she pronounces a 432 for Sybille Haynes’ single-author ture of the book. It is published in magic word that animates statues and Etruscan Art and Civilization (2000), to English and Italian by ARA Editions paintings, and even lets her travel back with the contribution of the University in time. Lavinia, a young Etruscan name the most recent standard reference Just published: of Massachusetts Amherst. It comprises woman her age, moves out of the paint- books in English. It consists of 90 chap- Artistry in Bronze: The Greeks and two parts: one written by Annalisa ed tomb and accompanies her on a jour- ters, written or translated into English, Their Legacy (XIXth International Coppolaro traces the most important ney, into the graves where Etruscans and deals with a huge variety of sub- Congress on Ancient Bronzes). Getty phases of the excavation seasons that celebrated joy and life. jects: the methods used in Etruscan Publications. studies; Etruscan origins; Etruscans in brought to light the ancient city of Poggio Civitate. It includes interviews ancient literature; their art, iconography, The proceedings of the 19th Bronze with the protagonists of the excavations and language; DNA research and identi- Congress, Los Angeles 2015, are now and with profiles of the local and non- ty. The section on “Issues” is about published. local characters who contributed to the political organization, economy, war, The digital publication is available project. The second one by Anthony society, feasts, banqueting, sports, under this link: Tuck, director of the Murlo excavations dance, and language, religion, http://www.getty.edu/publications/artist for over 25 years, tells the most exciting death and burial, haruspicy, divination, ryinbronze/ This is the main format of moments of a history extending over 50 ships, harbors, vehicles, mines, Elba, the volume with the highest degree of years, which has put the name of Murlo coins, weights, textiles, musical instru- functionality, such as cross-references on the map of the greatest archaeologi- ments, and gold dental appliances. and zoomable images. cal discoveries of the last century. “History” focuses on proto-urban soci- Other formats include a pdf, which An introduction by Giuseppe M. eties, Near Eastern influences, urban is downloadable for free: Della Fina and the beautiful photos of civilization, Hellenism, Romanization http://www.getty.edu/publications/artist Goran Soderberg, photographer of the and the Etruscan legacy. “Civilization” ryinbronze/downloads/DaehnerLapatin excavations for many years, bring great is divided into five periods: 1. 10th cen- Spinelli_ArtistryinBronze.pdf/ as well value to the publication. tury to 730 BC; 2. 730-580 BC; 3. 580- as other electronic formats. Stephanie Lynn Budin. 2016. Artemis. This book was much needed for 450BC; 4. 450-250 BC, and 5. 250-89 A print-on-demand copy of the Gods and Heroes of the Ancient World. understanding the phases and important BC. These are divided in turn into crafts, paperback can be purchased from the New York, Routledge. Pages 181, 15 stories that the surprising settlement of art, society, ritual, economy, and exter- Getty website or your online book ills. Murlo tells, each year with new discov- nal relationships. “Topography” dis- retailer of choice. Budin crisply goes through the com- cusses landscape, Southern and eries. plex and often contradictory character Northern Etruria, and settlement pat- and cult of this powerful virgin goddess terns and land. Finally we follow the as she appears in ancient myth, art and Etruscans outside Etruria, and can read literature; she casts a brief glance at the latest on the Etruscan presence in Etruscan Artumes and Roman Diana. southern and northern Campania, The book is dedicated to Jean Emilia, Romagna and the Marche, MacIntosh Turfa, with whom she edited Lombardy, central Italy and Rome, Women in Antiquity (2016),

Page 37 Portsmouth harbour. This experience, OBITUARIES and no doubt the family’s naval associa- tions, gave rise to her lasting love of sailing. It was post war that Ellen set the course for the rest of her life with a first Ellen Floyd Macnamara degree at University College London, 1924-2017 followed by further study at the Institute by Judith Swaddling, of Archaeology before embarking on The British Museum her PhD. It would be impossible to end with- Ellen Floyd Macnamara, renowned out paying tribute to Ellen’s dear friend scholar of Bronze, Iron Age and Fiona Campbell who was by her side Etruscan Italy, died after a long illness through thick and thin, as travel com- on November 3, 2017 at the age of 93. panion, book expert and provider of Enthusiastic for all things Etruscan, indefatigable support during Ellen’s Ellen was endlessly supportive of col- From left to right: Fiona Campbell, Fulvia Lo Schiavo, Anna Maria long illness. Fiona’s own account gives leagues in their archaeological endeav- Bietti Sestieri and Ellen Macnamara in front of Ellens home at Thistle. a flavour of their adventurous early trav- ours and via the Ellaina Macnamara els: Memorial Scholarship provided grants in the lower Bradano valley. On both in the same year, 1973, and was a “Ellen and I first travelled together to over thirty students and scholars in sites Ellen acted as a trench supervisor founder member of the Tain & Easter in 1964. We rendezvoused in Vienna the field of Italian archaeology and and had a major role in their publication, Ross Civic Trust as well as making an when Ellen had just finished work on the Mediterranean archaeology in general. with these early studies displaying her important contribution to the foundation survey of the Causeway at Motya in Named after Ellen’s mother, the versatility as a sites and finds archaeol- of the Tain & District Museum. She was Sicily and Ellen was hoping to find pos- Scholarship functioned between 1970 ogist. Her chapter on the metal objects, a trustee of the Tarbat Historic Trust, sible origins of the Etruscans in the and 1990. Ellen was also a very consci- mostly of the late Hellenistic period, at which through the Tarbat Discovery Eastern Mediterranean. We drove entious co-trustee of the Dr. M. Aylwin Gravina remains indispensable as a Centre has transformed the understand- across East Europe to Istanbul and then Cotton Foundation; she chaired the study of utilitarian objects from a South ing of Pictish history. through the coastal cities of Turkey as committee that allocated funds for Italian site of the period. Ellen’s was a colourful family histo- far as Alanya. Ellen was a wonderful research and publication on the archae- Later, a time that Ellen particularly ry, and I am indebted to her nephew travel companion, able to give a com- ology of Italy (1984-1997). enjoyed was assisting Judith Swaddling James Macnamara for the following, mentary of ancient history on all of our Ellen’s passion, above all, was for with the new permanent display on the based on his speech at Ellen’s funeral in route as it unfolded, totally unphased by ancient small Italian bronzes, to which Etruscans, which opened in 1991 at the Tain. Her grandmother had crossed the all the discomforts. This was before she would affectionately refer as British Museum. Over the years in Atlantic to England as a young widow, much tourism. From Alanya we headed “boys.” Her PhD thesis, supervised by which she was employed part-time as a married a dashing naval officer, Horace to Ankara and Boğazköy; then to the Martin Robertson, dealt specifically special assistant, Ellen made a very sig- Hood, who rose to be Rear Admiral and Caspian, Teheran and a diversion to with certain types of bronzes from pro- nificant contribution to the knowledge was killed only a few years later in the Persepolis, Shiraz and Qum back to tohistoric Italy: ‘The Italic inheritance, of the Etruscan collections at the British Battle of Jutland when HMS Invincible Teheran where Ellen flew home via Aegean and Near Eastern influence” Museum, by writing the guide men- went down with all hands. Undeterred, Damascus and Palmyra to continue her (awarded 1968). This was never pub- tioned above (The Etruscans) and Ellen’s mother Ellaina did exactly as her studies in London (I continued to lished but she went on to write a number delighting in showing friends and col- mother and also married a young naval Australia). A second journey in 1966 of important related articles and numer- leagues around the displays. Some will officer, Patrick Macnamara, who had was another motoring trip, to Armenia ous reviews, as well as three books: a still remember, following a British himself fought at Jutland on HMS Tiger. and Georgia.” popular volume on the Everyday Life of Museum Italic conference in 1982, a He too rose to be a Rear Admiral, was It will not come as a surprise that the Etruscans (1973, translated into party which she held at “Thistle,” her knighted, and served as Flag Officer at Ellen’s will endows a new charitable Italian 1982), The Etruscans (1990) and wonderful house in Chelsea where she throughout World War II. A trust, the Ellen Macnamara Memorial ultimately, co-authored with Anna often welcomed friends and fellow service family’s life was very unsettled, Foundation, which will sponsor post- Maria Bietti Sestieri, Prehistoric Metal archaeologists. and Ellen found stability in boarding doctoral fellowships at the British Artefacts from Italy (3500–720 BC) in Not so well known to many col- school life at Downe House, where she Museum, again helping the young on the British Museum (2007), a magnum leagues in Italian archaeology is the fact made many lifelong friendships. As their career paths, and constituting a fit- opus of over 800 copper and copper that Ellen was also a key player in the well as receiving a first class academic ting way to preserve her memory among alloy weapons, tools, implements and archaeology of Ross-shire and the study education, she soon showed an future generations. In recognition of jewellery. of the Picts. The family seat was in indomitable will to compete and a deter- Ellen’s support and friendship over Ellen played a very significant role Sutherland and Ellen spent much time at mination that her gender should never nearly four decades the British Museum in several excavations. In the 1960s and her beloved Keeper’s Cottage in hold her back. in collaboration with the Macnamara early 70s she was a principal assistant of Ardgay. She was elected a Fellow of the As with all Ellen’s generation, family will be staging a memorial event Joan du Plat Taylor in the excavations at Society of Antiquaries of Scotland and World War II interrupted everything. for her in early 2018, details to be Gravina, Puglia, and at Cozzo Presepe of the Society of Antiquaries of London Ellen joined the Wrens, based at announced.

Page 38 tance of every individual endeared her to literally thousands of people in the on the portraiture of that emperor. In University (1997–2001), and was a vis- course of her professional career — 1973, she married Robert D. Taggart; he iting scholar in the Program in Science, from day laborers at Cosa, Italy, and predeceased her in 2016. They divided Technology, and Society at the Kenchreai to ambassadors in New York their time between an apartment in New Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Rome. Her life was an example of York City and their farm in Pawlet, (2001–2007). Students still remember the biblical adage (Matthew 6:21), Vermont. Reflecting their philanthropic her for her passion and love of the sub- ὅπου γάρ ἐστιν ὁ θησαυρός σου, interest in archaeology, they established ject, and her inspiration as a mentor. In ἐκεῖ ἔσται καὶ ἡ καρδία σου. in 1985 the Anna McCann 1974, she joined the curatorial staff at and Robert D. Taggart Lectureship in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New Camporeale, continued from page 1 Undersea Archaeology. York City to catalogue its Roman sculp- ous publications, over 300 all told — in the early tures, and directed their lecture program were directed mostly toward the 1960s was still in its infancy, and largely “Archaeology Around the World.” Her Etruscan Orientalizing period, as can be dominated by men. Her first profession- book on Roman Sarcophagi in the seen by the titles of his books (La al diving experiences were with Metropolitan Museum of Art received Tomba del Duce, Il commercio di Jacques-Yves Cousteau and his team, the Association of American University Vetulonia in età orientalizzante), toward exploring two ancient Roman ship- Presses’ Outstanding Book Award Etruscan Orvieto (La collezione alle Anna Marguerite wrecks by the Grand Congloué, a rocky (1978). Querce, Buccheri a cilindretto di fabbri- McCann island off Marseilles harbor. In 1961– McCann collaborated with Robert ca orvietana), toward the theme of hunt- 1962, she was a diver with the National Ballard of the Woods Hole ing (La caccia in Etruria), toward the 1933–2017 Geographic Society and University of Oceanographic Institute in documentation of bucchero (La Abstracted and adapted from John Peter Pennsylvania excavation of the Yassı Massachusetts, and in 1989 she became collezione CA. Impasti e buccheri), and Oleson and John Pollini, “Necrology,” Ada shipwreck, a 7th century CE wreck the archeological director of the JASON toward individual cities (Arezzo nell’ Open Access on AJA Online 2017, in Turkey, and in 1963, she worked in Project, established to help educate chil- antichità, with G. Firpo). www.ajaonline.org. the port of Kenchreai with the dren and others in technology and the His book, Etruschi storia e civiltà, University of Chicago and Indiana sciences. She and Ballard utilized the which had by 2015 reached its 4th edi- On February 12, 2017, Anna University. While working at the exca- same ROV technology that he had used tion, shows his success at reaching a Marguerite McCann Taggart, recipient vation of the hilltop ruins of Cosa on the to discover the Titanic to explore the wider audience, while the more than one in 1998 of the Gold Medal of the coast of Tuscany, directed by Frank E. deep Mediterranean seabed along an hundred contributions that appeared in Archaeological Institute of America Brown, she became interested in the ancient trade route between Carthage the two volumes of studies in his honor, (AIA), passed away peacefully at the harbor, and raised funds to undertake and Rome. The team discovered and edited by Stefano Bruni, L’Etruria and age of 83 in Sleepy Hollow, New York. the mapping and underwater excavation surveyed several ancient shipwrecks in l’Italia pre-romana (2009), testify to the Anna Marguerite McCann, as she was of the port area of Cosa, an important deep water near Skerki Bank, northwest respect and affection the international known professionally, was one of the trading center during the Late Republic. of Palermo, using real-time technology scholarly community felt towards him. early pioneers in underwater archaeolo- Several underwater and land excava- to broadcast the images of the survey Obituary for gy and was the first American woman in tions of the port and fishery of Cosa and excavation live to students in the Giovannangelo Camporeale this field. In addition, she had a passion (1965-1987) resulted in a monumental United States. This project resulted in by Stephan Steingräber for Roman art and archaeology and pub- work, entitled The Roman Port and her multidisciplinary book, Deep Water lished numerous books, articles, and Fishery of Cosa: A Center of Ancient Archaeology: A Late-Roman Ship from On July 1, 2017, Giovannangelo reviews in this area of study, particularly Trade, with the contributions of several Carthage and an Ancient Trade Route Camporeale died in Florence, one of the sculpture, and she lectured widely. As a dozen collaborators. This pioneering near Skerki Bank off Northwest Sicily, best known and most internationally special tribute for her distinguished accomplishment won the Association of coedited with J. Freed, followed by yet acclaimed Etruscologists, longtime pro- achievements and contributions in these American University Presses’ another book, coedited with J.P. Oleson, fessor of Etruscology at the University two fields, she was honored by the AIA Outstanding Book Award (1987) and the Deep-Water Shipwrecks off Skerki of Florence and, for almost 20 years, with a Gold Medal for Distinguished AIA’s James R . Wiseman Book Award Bank: the 1997 Survey. President of the venerable Istituto Achievement, and a Festschrift entitled (1989). In 1973, McCann and her team The first JASON Project won the Nazionale di Studi Etruschi e Italici Terra Marique: Studies in Art History of diving archaeologists, under the aegis American Association for the (Florence). Born in 1933, he studied at and Marine Archaeology in Honor of of the American Academy in Rome, Advancement of Science’s Award for Molfetta in Puglia and in Florence with Anna Marguerite McCann, which formed a collaboration with the Istituto Public Engagement with Science (1989) Giacomo Devoto and Luisa Banti. He includes a list of her many publications. Internazionale di Studi Liguri, directed and the Computerworld Smithsonian was Lucumone (President) of the After receiving a B.A. in art history by Nino Lamboglia, another pioneer in Award (1990). She presented the results Accademia Etrusca di Cortona, founded with a minor in classical Greek at the field of underwater archaeology, to of her research in numerous public lec- in 1726, a member of the Accademia La in 1954, she attended map and explore the ancient harbors at tures and television programs, in the Colombaria (Florence), the Accademia the American School of Classical Populonia and Pyrgi, along the Tuscan popular press, and in a coauthored book dei Lincei (Rome) and many other inter- Studies at Athens, and went on to coast. There her team uncovered and for children, The Lost Wreck of the Isis. national academies and research facili- receive her M.A. from the Institute of studied for the first time the remains of The Roman Port and Fishery of Cosa: A ties (such as the DAI Berlin). Fine Arts at New York University in Etruscan harbor facilities that fostered Short Guide, was published for the gen- He also organized numerous exhi- 1957 (her Master’s thesis was directed this culture’s domination of the eral audience under the aegis of the bitions, congresses and conferences. by the late Karl Lehmann), and a Ph.D. Tyrrhenian Sea and its trade with the American Academy in Rome. McCann Camporeale’s more than 300 publica- at Indiana University, in 1965. As a rest of the Mediterranean. was a pillar of support for the AIA for tions focused on Vetulonia, the Etruscan Rome Prize Fellow at the American McCann taught art history and decades, with long service on the Board settlement on the Lago dell’Accesa, Academy in Rome (1964-1966), she archaeology at the University of of Trustees and as founder of their which he excavated near Massa transformed her thesis into The Missouri (1966–1971) and at the Committee for Underwater Archaeology Marittima, the bucchero of Orvieto, the Portraits of Septimius Severus, which University of California, Berkeley in 1985. hunt in Etruria, and the Etruscan pres- remains today the major scholarly work (1971–1974), as well as at Boston Her belief in the dignity and impor- ence outside continued on page 40 Page 39 Professor Camporeale, a Cortonensis of the 7th century BC, and Lucomone from the Etruscan Professor Camporeale’s archaeology has taught us to live many lives, not to Academy of Cortona, has died be crushed by the present. Thanks to the by Francesca Basanieri, work of men like Professor Camporeale Mayor of Cortona today we can travel in time not only Published in Cronaca, Valdichiana, reading or seeing, but being aware. July 2, 2017 This, in my judgment, is what Giovannangelo Camporeale has made Today the whole Cortona communi- of our history in Cortona. But now on ty has lost one of its greatest friends and this sad day I would like to extend to his today I want to remember also the man Camporeale, continued from page 43 admirers, Giovannangelo Camporeale. family the deepest affection of the Camporeale, the passionate and tireless Etruria. Especially known was his man- I learned with great pain of the death of whole community of Cortona. friend who has supported us in the con- ual Gli Etruschi. Storia e Civiltà, which the professor, who was Lucumone of the It will be difficult for us all to struction of some of the most important can be designated as the rightful succes- Etruscan Academy, an honorary citizen resume the journey after such a great and spectacular exhibitions that Cortona sor to the glorious Etruscologia of of Cortona and an extraordinary person. loss, but we have in our eyes and heart has ever hosted. The brilliant scholar Massimo Pallottino. At the end of Since the beginning of my term as the words and the enthusiasm with who made his extraordinary knowledge January 2016 he co-organized another mayor, I had a relationship of sincere which Professor Camporeale urged us to and his contagious enthusiasm available international Winckelmann Congress in and profound friendship and esteem defend and spread the culture and histo- to the Etruscan Academy, the MAEC Florence and in December 2016 partici- with Professor Camporeale. Just under ry of Cortona. The promise we must and the city of Cortona, succeeded in pated in the annual Etruscan Convegno two months ago, on May 13, I was hon- make is not to stop building a great giving life to projects that seemed in Orvieto. ored to give him honorary citizenship. future for Cortona, starting from its his- impossible. The death of Camporeale means a It was an exciting ceremony for every- tory, and we will also do it in the name I still remember with emotion my harsh loss for international Etruscan one and for me as Mayor and as a and memory of Giovannangelo meeting at the Louvre Museum two research. Cortonese; it was an extraordinary Camporeale. moment. years ago in preparation for the exhibi- In these years Camporeale has guid- tion “The Etruscans, Masters of writ- ed the Etruscan Academy with a firm ing,” but we all still have in our eyes the hand and great foresight, and together incredible experiences that we have we have created incredible exhibitions, lived collaborating with the Hermitage close relationships with international and British Museums. What today cultural institutions and much more. In Cortona represents in Europe in the spite of his age Giovannangelo world of archaeology is due above all to Camporeale has always had a very cur- the extraordinary commitment of rent and youthful look. He has always Giovannangelo Camporeale. His great welcomed new things, he has been able wisdom, combined with an exceptional to contribute fresh ideas and has always outreach ability and a contagious empa- fascinated us with his profound culture thy, has transformed us, has contributed and humanity. to make the history of Cortona readable We all are acquainted with and fascinating. Giovannangelo Camporeale as an emi- Over 70 generations separate us nent professor and archaeologist, but from the creators of the Tabula In honor of late president Giovannangelo Camporeale we celebrate 20 issues and 15 years of Etruscan News the official Newsletter of the American section of the Istituto di Studi Etruschi ed Italici.

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