DOCSLIB.ORG

Treatise on Toleration Free Download

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Treatise on Toleration Free Download TREATISE ON TOLERATION FREE DOWNLOAD Voltaire,Desmond M. Clarke | 208 pages | 28 Feb 2017 | Penguin Books Ltd | 9780241236628 | English | London, United Kingdom Treatise on Tolerance by Voltaire review - an attack on fanaticism Add to Cart. Tue 4 Oct A heavy hand will make an already troublesome text even more of an obstacle to the modern reader. Neither did "those who refuse to teach that dissenters from their own religion should be tolerated". Samson opera. Erudite, witty, focused on the result, Voltaire shows his humanity in his hard work for justice, too often obstructed for reasons of politics or faith. Locke argued that those who believed that "faith need not be kept with heretics" and that "kings excommunicated forfeit their kingdoms" had "no right to be tolerated by the magistrate". Even before the Treatise on Toleration stepped in, a crowd of Catholics carried the body away and buried in consecrated ground. It is hypocrisy at its finest. In this context, the insurgency's "philosophe" goes far beyond the circumstances surrounding the Calas case. The instigating factor that led Voltaire to compile the documents that would make this book was the Jean Calas trial, a man in his 70s accused of murdering his son because the son was going to become a Catholic while the family was Protestant. Gough, 'Introduction', in Klibansky and Gough, pp. Clarke Translator. These people, Locke argued, sought religious toleration "only until they have supplies and forces enough to make the attempt" on liberty. As someone reading through a purely secular lens, it's quite heavy on the religious doctrine, but understandable considering the subject matter and inciting incident. I adored his thoughts that made up the Treatise on Toleration of enlightenment in Treatise on Toleration. Not that anyone who is keeping half an eye on events is complacent. Religion was instituted to make us happy in this life and in the other. In broad outlines: he uses the Calas execution as a motivation to write this treatise. This relates to his central conclusion, namely, that the government should not involve itself in care of souls. Do read. In an eye-opening commentary on the Old Testament, Voltaire demonstrates that the Old Testament God is only concerned about the behavior of the Jewish people. Thus Spoke Zarathustra. An interesting summary of the case of Jean Calas, a French Huguenot broken on the wheel in the 18th century for the supposed murder of his son. He wrote this in a time of heavy persecution by the French churches and a mass exodus of Huguenots to Holland and England. Well, Treatise on Toleration must forgive each other, he says. The Little Book of Atheist Spirituality. For the New Intellectual. An appeal to reason for the unreasonable. Treatise on Toleration Prince. Perhaps his most stirring observation comes from the axiom that intolerance is the enemy of reason. Treatise on Toleration Socrates to Sartre. Intolerant people will reap what they sow. Calas was sentenced to be broken at the wheel, a particularly Treatise on Toleration form of execution. The Treatise on Tolerance is all the more convincing for its simplicity. The Analects of Confucius. Voltaire treats the reader to an entertaining run through some of the battier beliefs of the early church and examines the persecution by the Romans to show that this has been exaggerated and most of the time the church went out of its way to attract persecution. The Chinaman my brother? From Treatise on Toleration, the free encyclopedia. Stay in Touch Sign up. Voltaire picks the absurdities apart in some documents, but most of them speak to the issue of religious tolerance and how France was probably the largest country that still had its citizens murdering each other over religion while the law Treatise on Toleration it. We all know how the Romans were very intolerant against Christianity, but Voltaire insisted that they were not and that all murders were unplanned. In any case, tolerance is what we need to fight for. Tao Te Ching. Calas was tortured, and then executed. The sons were forced into a monastery prisonthe daughters Treatise on Toleration forced into convents prisonwhile the mother lost all her positions and was to end her life in poverty. Michael Dowd. Those we call Jansenists 5 contributed greatly Treatise on Toleration rooting out gradually Treatise on Toleration the spirit of the nation the greater part of the false ideas which dishonored the Christian religion. The sons were forced into a monastery prisonthe daughters were forced into con In a young man committed suicide in his home in Toulouse. This is a damned good read, full of amazing information to consider regarding the squabbles between denominations before the 20th century, and how crazy violent they could get. Jesuit-educated, he began writing clever verses by the age of Its initial publication was in Latinthough it was immediately translated into other languages. Treatise on Toleration treatise also Treatise on Toleration a number of quotations in favour of tolerance and two short anecdotes. The hidden message of this chapter Treatise on Toleration, of course, that the state should actively exterminate religious intolerance and fanaticism this clearly is Locke's influence on Voltaire. Preview — Treatise on Toleration by Voltaire. His arguments for religious Treatise on Toleration have become commonplaces in the modern Western world, even among religious believers. Toleration is central to Locke's political philosophy. Although there were some insights in the view of tolerance from the side of a ruling majority - one of the arguments being, why be intolerant of those who pose no real threat to your rule over society - I was most surprised by the large I started with Voltaire as a first of a journey through Renaissance writing on tolerance, to see if Treatise on Toleration old Renaissance writers could help me figure out if tolerance is maybe only ever to be expected from the blessed, independent thinkers within a ruling majority. You would Treatise on Toleration that a persecuted religion such as Christianity would know what persecution feels like and avoid persecuting others. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Treatise on Tolerance Edited by Simon Harvey Frontmatter More Information
    Cambridge University Press 0521649692 - Voltaire: Treatise on Tolerance Edited by Simon Harvey Frontmatter More information CAMBRIDGE TEXTS IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY VOLTAIRE Treatise on Tolerance © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521649692 - Voltaire: Treatise on Tolerance Edited by Simon Harvey Frontmatter More information CAMBRIDGE TEXTS IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY Series editors KARL AMERIKS Professor of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame DESMOND M. CLARKE Professor of Philosophy at University College Cork The main objective of Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy is to expand the range, variety and quality of texts in the history of philosophy which are available in English. The series includes texts by familiar names (such as Descartes and Kant) and also by less well-known authors. Wherever possible, texts are published in complete and unabridged form, and translations are specially commissioned for the series. Each volume contains a critical introduction together with a guide to further reading and any necessary glossaries and textual apparatus. The volumes are designed for student use at undergrad- uate and post-graduate level and will be of interest not only to students of philosophy, but also to a wider audience of readers in the history of science, the history of theology and the history of ideas. For a list of titles published in the series, please see end of book. © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521649692 - Voltaire: Treatise
    [Show full text]
  • How to Quote Voltaire: the Edition to Use1 February 2021
    How to quote Voltaire: the edition to use1 February 2021 A complete alphabetical list of Voltaire texts and in which edition and volume to find them. The Voltaire Foundation’s Œuvres complètes de Voltaire (OCV) edition includes most texts, but for those not yet published in OCV, the 1877-1885 Moland edition (M) is mostly given. Abbreviations used AP Ajouts posthumes Best., followed by a a letter printed in Voltaire’s correspondence, ed. Th. Besterman, number 107 vol. (Geneva, 1953-1965, 1st edition) BnC Bibliothèque nationale de France: Catalogue général des livres imprimés, 213-214 (1978) BnF, ms.fr. Bibliothèque nationale de France: Manuscrits français BnF, n.a.fr. Bibliothèque nationale de France: Nouvelles acquisitions françaises D, followed by a number a letter printed in Voltaire, Correspondence and related documents, ed. Th. Besterman, in OCV, vol.85-135 DP Dictionnaire philosophique Lizé Voltaire, Grimm et la Correspondence littéraire, SVEC 180 (1979) M Œuvres complètes de Voltaire, éd. Louis Moland, 52 vol. (Paris, Garnier, 1877-1885) NM Nouveaux Mélanges philosophiques, historiques, critiques ([Genève], 1768) OA Œuvres alphabétiques (Articles pour l’Encyclopédie, Articles pour le Dictionnaire de l’Académie) OCV Œuvres complètes de Voltaire (Voltaire Foundation, Oxford, 1968- ) QE Questions sur l’Encyclopédie RC Romans et Contes, ed. Frédéric Deloffre et Jacques van den Heuvel (Paris, Gallimard [Pléiade], 1979) RHLF Revue d’histoire littéraire de la France (Presses universitaire de France) SVEC Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century (Voltaire Foundation) Vauger ‘Vauger’s lists of Voltaire’s writings, 1757-1785’ (D.app.161, OCV, vol.102, p.509-10) W72P Œuvres de M.
    [Show full text]
  • Voltaire • Unit 4 of 4 Lecture Notes
    VOLTAIRE • UNIT 4 OF 4 LECTURE NOTES ADAM GOPNIK • Know the “three Voltaires” that Gopnik identifies • Know kind of fruit that King Frederick II of Prussia invoked when discussing Voltaire, whose real name was François-Marie Arouet (and one of whose nicknames was Zozo) • Know how Voltaire became rich in his mid-30s (a fortune he added to through his literary endeavors) • Nancy Mitford’s 1954 book Voltaire in Love highlights his relationship with Émilie, Marquise du Châtelet, who died in 1749, aged 42, during childbirth • An advocate of female education, she was an important natural philosopher (i.e. scientist) and mathematician, who translated— and added a commentary to—Isaac Newton’s Principia (short title of Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), which concerns basic laws of physics • Of her own works, the most influential remains Foundations of Physics • One critical area of her inquiries was the conservation principles that apply to the energy of bodies in motion • Many of her theories were included in the Encyclopédie, compiled by Diderot and D’Alembert • After Voltaire’s two-and-a-half years of self-exile in England (to avoid imprisonment in the Bastille), he lived with the married Émilie du Châtelet for some time at her country estate, Cirey, in northwest France, where the two collaborated (“science and sex”) • After her death, Voltaire moved to Prussia, where Frederick the Great supported him, but he argued with the president of the Berlin Academy of Science • For himself and a lover, Madame Denis (his sister’s daughter),
    [Show full text]
  • Voltaire Et Le Sauvage Civilisé
    San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks Master's Theses Master's Theses and Graduate Research Spring 2010 Voltaire et le sauvage civilisé Christopher J. Barros San Jose State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses Recommended Citation Barros, Christopher J., "Voltaire et le sauvage civilisé" (2010). Master's Theses. 3747. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.883s-xa8q https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/3747 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Master's Theses and Graduate Research at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VOLTAIRE ET LE « SAUVAGE CIVILISÉ » A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of World Languages and Literatures San José State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree Master of Arts by Christopher J. Barros May 2010 © 2010 Christopher J. Barros ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The Designated Thesis Committee Approves the Thesis Titled VOLTAIRE ET LE « SAUVAGE CIVILISÉ » by Christopher Joseph Barros APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF WORLD LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES SAN JOSE STATE UNIVERSITY May 2010 Danielle Trudeau Department of World Languages and Literatures Jean-Luc Desalvo Department of World Languages and Literatures Dominique van Hooff Department of World Languages and Literatures ABSTRACT VOLTAIRE ET LE « SAUVAGE CIVILISÉ » by Christopher J. Barros This thesis explores Voltaire’s interpretation of human nature, society, and progress vis-à-vis the myth of the “noble savage,” an image that was widespread in the literature, imagination, and theater of the 17th and 18th centuries.
    [Show full text]
  • The Italian Girl in Algiers
    Opera Box Teacher’s Guide table of contents Welcome Letter . .1 Lesson Plan Unit Overview and Academic Standards . .2 Opera Box Content Checklist . .8 Reference/Tracking Guide . .9 Lesson Plans . .11 Synopsis and Musical Excerpts . .32 Flow Charts . .38 Gioachino Rossini – a biography .............................45 Catalogue of Rossini’s Operas . .47 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 S E A S O N Background Notes . .50 World Events in 1813 ....................................55 History of Opera ........................................56 History of Minnesota Opera, Repertoire . .67 GIUSEPPE VERDI SEPTEMBER 22 – 30, 2007 The Standard Repertory ...................................71 Elements of Opera .......................................72 Glossary of Opera Terms ..................................76 GIOACHINO ROSSINI Glossary of Musical Terms .................................82 NOVEMBER 10 – 18, 2007 Bibliography, Discography, Videography . .85 Word Search, Crossword Puzzle . .88 Evaluation . .91 Acknowledgements . .92 CHARLES GOUNOD JANUARY 26 –FEBRUARY 2, 2008 REINHARD KEISER MARCH 1 – 9, 2008 mnopera.org ANTONÍN DVOˇRÁK APRIL 12 – 20, 2008 FOR SEASON TICKETS, CALL 612.333.6669 The Italian Girl in Algiers Opera Box Lesson Plan Title Page with Related Academic Standards lesson title minnesota academic national standards standards: arts k–12 for music education 1 – Rossini – “I was born for opera buffa.” Music 9.1.1.3.1 8, 9 Music 9.1.1.3.2 Theater 9.1.1.4.2 Music 9.4.1.3.1 Music 9.4.1.3.2 Theater 9.4.1.4.1 Theater 9.4.1.4.2 2 – Rossini Opera Terms Music
    [Show full text]
  • 5.5 X 10 Long Title.P65
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-49782-4 - Sophocles: Oedipus Tyrannus Fiona Macintosh Index More information INDEX Accius 65 Aristotle 49, 50, 161 Phoenissae 65 Poetics 1–2, 14, 29–31, 46, 73, 86, Aeschylus 4, 32 133, 181 Laius 5 anagnorisis (recognition), 30, 43, 74 Libation Bearers 4, 21 peripeteia (reversal) 30, 43, 74 Oedipus 5 Politics 15, 70 Oresteia 161 Ars Poetica, see Horace Prometheus Bound 55, 154 Artaud, Antonin 173–5, 176, 180 Seven against Thebes 5, 17–20 The Spurt of Blood 174 ending of 34 Sphinx 5 Balinese gamelan 184 Agathon 39 Ballets Russes 109, 134 Agrippina Bakathir, Ali Ahmad 189 mother of Nero 37, 42, 66 Barbaro, Daniele 72, 96 Al-Hakin, Tawfiq 189 Barber, Samuel 191 Allan, Maud 123–4, 129 Barker, Granville 112, 118, 122, 123, Altertumswissenschaft 134 127, 128 Anderson, Judith 192 Barrault, Jean-Louis 173–4, 175 Anguillara, Giovanni Andrea dell’ As I Lay Dying 176 Edippo 95 Beckett, Samuel 151 Annunzio, Gabriele d’ Bérard, Christian 141 La Città Morta 128 Berkoff, Steven Anouilh, Jean Greek 162, 173–81, 184, figure 15 Médée 183, 192 Oedipus 191 Antigone, see Sophocles, Mendelssohn, Bernhardt, Sarah 91 Meurice, and Vacquerie Betterton, Thomas Antiphanes 1–2, 3–4, 7, 31 as Oedipus 62 fragment of 29 Biancolelli, Pierre François (called Apolline 102, 106, 161, 185 Dominique) Appia, Adolphe 111 Oedipe travesti 78, 97 Aristophanes 25 Bizet, Georges Acharnians 32 Carmen 139 Frogs 25, 28 Blanchar, Pierre Lysistrata 109, 127–8, 146 Oedipe-Roi 145–54, 158, 181, figure 11 Aristotelian blind[ing of] Oedipus catharsis 73
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliographie Voltairienne 2000-2012 Préparée Par Ulla Kölving
    Bibliographie voltairienne 2000-2012 Préparée par Ulla Kölving Voltaire numérique 3 Société Voltaire 2014 societe-voltaire.org © Société Voltaire et l'auteur 2014 ISBN 978-2-37105-003-7 ISSN 2270-3853 Date de création 12 août 2014 URL societe-voltaire.org/vn3.pdf Publié en France par la Société Voltaire, BP 44, F-01212 Ferney-Voltaire cedex La Société Voltaire bénéficie du soutien du Centre national du livre Cette publication ne peut être mise en ligne ou commercialisée, sous forme électronique ou autre Pour citer cette publication : Ulla Kölving, Bibliographie voltairienne, 2002-2012 (Voltaire numérique 3), Ferney-Voltaire, Société Voltaire, 2014 Bibliographie voltairienne 2000-2012 Préparée par Ulla Kölving Cette bibliographie cumule et complète les bibliographies annuelles parues dans lesCahiers Voltaire 1 à 12, de 2002à 2013. Nous remerçions de leurs concours Roxane Argyropoulos, François Bessire, Lucien Choudin, Daniel Gloor, Jens Häseler, Anne Horvat, François Jacob de l’Institut et Musée Voltaire de Genève, Sergueï Karp, Ingvild Hagen Kjørholt, Claude Lauriol, Pierre Leufflen, Mercédès Marincovic, Benoît Melançon, Halima Ouanada, Christophe Paillard, Jean-Noël Pascal, Françoise Paulet Dubois, Olga Penke, Gilles Plante, María José Rodríguez Sánchez de León, Kees van Strien, Catherine Volpilhac-Auger, Catherine Walser de l’Institut et Musée Voltaire de Genève et Piotr Zaborov. Œuvres Candide ou l’optimisme, 1. Scénario : Gorian Delpâture & Michel Dufranne. Dessin : Vujadin Radovanovic. [Paris], Delcourt, 2008- L’Affaire Paméla. Lettres de Monsieur de Voltaire à Madame Denis, de (Ex-libris). 48 pages. ISBN 978-2-7560-1074-8. Berlin. Présentées par André Magnan, Paris, Paris-Méditerranée, Candide ou l’optimisme, 2. Scénario : Gorian Delpâture & Michel 2004.
    [Show full text]
  • Candide and Other Stories (Oxford World's Classics)
    oxford world’ s classics CANDIDE and other stories Voltaire was the assumed name of François-Marie Arouet (1694– 1778). Born into a well-to-do Parisian family, he was educated at the leading Jesuit college in Paris. Having refused to follow his father and elder brother into the legal profession he soon won widespread acclaim for Œdipe (1718), the first of some twenty-seven tragedies which he continued to write until the end of his life. His national epic La Henriade (1723) confirmed his reputation as the leading French literary figure of his generation. Following a quarrel with the worthless but influential aristocrat, the Chevalier de Rohan, he was forced into exile in England. This period (1726–8) was particularly formative, and his Letters concern- ing the English Nation (1733) constitute the first major expression of Voltaire’s deism and his subsequent lifelong opposition to religious and political oppression. Following the happy years (1734–43) spent at Cirey with his mistress Mme du Châtelet in the shared pursuit of several intellectual enthusiasms, notably the work of Isaac Newton, he enjoyed a brief interval of favour at court during which he was appointed Historiographer to the King. After the death of Mme du Châtelet in 1749 he finally accepted an invitation to the court of Frederick of Prussia, but left in 1753 when life with this particular enlightened despot became intolerable. In 1755, after temporary sojourn in Colmar, he settled at Les Délices on the outskirts of Geneva. He then moved to nearby Ferney in 1759, the year Candide was published.
    [Show full text]
  • Symphony Hall. Boston Huntington and Massachusetts Avenues
    SYMPHONY HALL. BOSTON HUNTINGTON AND MASSACHUSETTS AVENUES Telephones Ticket Office ) j g^^j^ ^ j^gj Branch Exchange I Administration Offices ) THIRTY-THIRD SEASON. 1913 AND 1914 Dr. KARL MUCK, Conductor ilk ^BlFSSyii WITH HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE NOTES BY PHILIP HALE FRIDAY AFTERNOON. MARCH 13 AT 2.30 O'CLOCK SATURDAY EVENING, MARCH 14 AT 8.00 O'CLOCK COPYRIGHT, 1914, BY C. A. ELLIS PUBLISHED BY C. A. ELLIS. MANAGER 11.57 ^ii^lafta a prolonging of musical pleasure by home-firelight awaits " the owner of a "Baldwin. The strongest impressions of the concert season are linked with Baldwintone, exquisitely exploited by pianists eminent in their art. Schnitzer, Pugno, Scharwenka, Bachaus — De Pachmann! More than chance attracts the finely-gifted amateur to this keyboard. Among people who love good music, w^ho have a culti- vated know^ledge of it, and who seek the best medium for producing it, the Baldwin is chief. In such an atmosphere it is as happily "at home" as are the Preludes of Chopin, the Liszt Rhapsodies upon a virtuoso's programme. THE BOOK OF THE BALDWIN free upon request. 366 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY 1158 4 Boston Symplioey Orcliestr^ Thirty-third Season. 191 3-191 Dr. KARL MUCK. Conductor aL^ Violins. Witek, A. Roth, 0. Concert-master. Kuntz, D. Noack, S. : ' ' ' ' M ." 'i ! . .v. .'.!ui.:rr-?r':'.rJ^^^^^^^^Sft YSAYE THE WORLD FAMOUS VIOLINIST AND THE CHICKERING PIANO New York City, February 5, 1913. Messrs. Chickering & Sons, Boston, Mass. Gentlemen It is a pleasure to speak of the lovely tone of the Chickering & Sons' Piano, which with its round, rich, pliable quality blends with that of my violins i'; to perfection.
    [Show full text]
  • THEMATIC UNITS and Ever-Growing Digital Library Listing GRADES 9–12 THEMATIC UNITS
    THEMATIC UNITS and Ever-Growing Digital Library Listing GRADES 9–12 THEMATIC UNITS GRADE 9 AUTHOR GENRE StudySync®TV UNIT 1 | Divided We Fall: Why do we feel the need to belong? Writing Focus: Narrative Marigolds (SyncStart) Eugenia Collier Fiction The Necklace Guy de Maupassant Fiction Friday Night Lights H.G. Bissinger Informational Text Braving the Wilderness: The Quest for True Belonging and the Courage to Stand Alone Brene Brown Informational Text Why I Lied to Everyone in High School About Knowing Karate Jabeen Akhtar Informational Text St. Lucy’s Home for Girls Raised by Wolves Karen Russell Fiction Sure You Can Ask Me a Personal Question Diane Burns Poetry Angela’s Ashes: A Memoir Frank McCourt Informational Text Welcome to America Sara Abou Rashed Poetry I Have a Dream Martin Luther King, Jr. Argumentative Text The Future in My Arms Edwidge Danticat Informational Text UNIT 2 | The Call to Adventure: What will you learn on your journey? Writing Focus: Informational Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Robert Frost Poetry 12 (from ‘Gitanjali’) Rabindranath Tagore Poetry The Journey Mary Oliver Poetry Leon Bridges On Overcoming Childhood Isolation and Finding His Voice: ‘You Can’t Teach Soul’ Jeff Weiss Informational Text Highest Duty: My Search for What Really Matters Chesley Sullenberger Informational Text Bessie Coleman: Woman Who ‘dared to dream’ Made Aviation History U.S. Airforce Informational Text Volar Judith Ortiz Cofer Fiction Wild: From Lost to Found on the Pacific Crest Trail Cheryl Strayed Informational Text The Art
    [Show full text]
  • FREEDOM of EXPRESSION and the ENLIGHTENMENT by Alison
    FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT by Alison Guider A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of Mississippi in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College. Oxford May 2015 Approved by _________________________________ Adviser: Professor Jeffrey Watt _________________________________ Reader: Professor Marc Lerner _________________________________ Reader: Professor Molly Pasco-Pranger ©2015 Alison Guider ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT ALISON GUIDER: Freedom of Expression and the Enlightenment (Under the direction of Jeffrey Watt) This thesis concerns Enlightenment and pre-Enlightenment views of freedom of expression, including topics such as toleration, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and freedom of the press. It then looks at how these views shaped some of the ideas that emerged from the American and French Revolution. The conclusions drawn here are drawn from document-based research, both primary and secondary sources. The Enlightenment, although primarily concentrated in the eighteenth century, actually had what one might call precursors in the seventeenth century, including John Locke, Benedict de Spinoza, and Pierre Bayle. These thinkers helped set the stage for Enlightenment thinkers such as Voltaire, Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu, and Karl Friedrich Bahrdt. All of these thinkers wrote on freedom of expression, but they did not always agree on how far this freedom should be extended, which represented a division between moderate and Radical Enlightenment. Both strains of the Enlightenment, however, were read by both the American and French Revolutionaries and shaped the ideas of freedom of expression that came out of these two revolutions, including protections of free press. Although the Enlightenment does have a bit of a complicated legacy, modern day protections of freedom of expression would not exist without it; therefore, an in-depth study of the origins of these protections is worthwhile.
    [Show full text]
  • Tragedy (1908)
    'e*^ *. .io'' <^ 'V ••IT..' aO- V ''^^^"^• r,' <^^ •*«. « e • OV a •» o ^ "^ €l)e €ppe^ of €nsli$t^ literature EDITED BY WILLIAM ALLAN NEILSON TRAGEDY BY ASHLEY H. THORNDIKE TRAGEDY BY ASHLEY H. THORNDIKE PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH IN COLUMBIA UNIVEBSITT AUTHOR OF "THE INFLUENCE OF BEAUMONT " AND FLETCHER ON SHAKSPERE BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY (Cbe laiter^iUe pttssy CambcitigE 1908 -^^ fwo Oopies rtwiiv.^.i IViAY 2 1908 JLAS» A / COPYRIGHT I90S BY ASHLEY H. THORNDIKE ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Published May iqoS bo' PREFACE ^ This book attempts to trace the course of English tragedy from its beginnings to the middle of the nineteenth cen- -j tury, and to indicate the part which it has played in the ^ history both of the theatre and of literature. All tragedies of the sixteenth century are noticed, because of their his- torical interest and their close relationship to Shakespeare, but after 1600 only representative plays have been con- sidered. The aim of this series has been kept in view, and the discussion, whether of individual plays or of dramatic conditions, has been determined by their importance in the study of a literary type. Tragedy in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries has attracted very little critical atten- tion, and in those fields the book is something of a pioneer. The Elizabethan drama, on the contrary, has been the subject of a vast amount of antiquarian, biographical, and literary research, without which such a treatment as I have attempted would be almost impossible. In order, however, to keep the main purpose in view, it has been necessary to omit nearly all notice of the processes of research or the debates of criticism, and to give only what seem to me the results.
    [Show full text]