THE INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE

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OCTOBER 2018 No. 970 continues its tramway renaissance

InnoTrans 2018: Looking into light rail’s future Brussels, Suzhou and openings Gmunden line linked to Traunseebahn Funding agreed for Vancouver projects

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www.lightrailawards.com CONTENTS 364 The official journal of the Light Rail Transit Association OCTOBER 2018 Vol. 81 No. 970 www.tautonline.com EDITORIAL Editor – Simon Johnston [email protected] Associate Editor – Tony Streeter [email protected] Worldwide Editor – Michael Taplin 374 [email protected] News Editor – John Symons [email protected] Senior Contributor – Neil Pulling Worldwide Contributors Tony Bailey, Richard Felski, Ed Havens, Andrew Moglestue, Paul Nicholson, Herbert Pence, Mike Russell, Nikolai Semyonov, Alain Senut, Vic Simons, Witold Urbanowicz, Bill Vigrass, Francis Wagner, Thomas Wagner, 379 Philip Webb, Rick Wilson Production – Lanna Blyth News 364 SYSTEMS FACTFILE: bydgoszcz 384 Tel: +44 (0)1733 367604 [email protected] New tramlines in Brussels and Suzhou; Neil Pulling explores the recent expansion Gmunden joins the StadtRegioTram; Portland in what is now Poland’s main rolling stock DESIGN – Debbie Nolan and prepare new rolling stock manufacturing centre. Advertising plans; Federal and provincial funding COMMERCIAL Manager – Geoff Butler Tel: +44 (0)1733 367610 agreed for two new Vancouver LRT projects. WORLDWIDE REVIEW 390 [email protected] Odense tracklaying begins; Urgent Publisher – Matt Johnston an autonomous future? 374 modernisation funding for Cairo Metro Examining the challenges and opportunities agreed; Nürnberg trials Bombardier and Tramways & Urban Transit 13 Orton Enterprise Centre, Bakewell Road, from emerging tram technologies. Siemens ahead of major order; Stadler Peterborough PE2 6XU, UK proposes Moskva factory; Expansion costs Tramways & Urban Transit is published by Mainspring 15 MINUTES WITH... 378 reportedly creep up in the West Midlands; on behalf of the LRTA on the third Friday of each Benoît Brossoit – President, Bombardier LA Blue line closes for major upgrade works. month preceding the cover date. Transportation, Americas Region. MAILBOX 395 florence’s new renaissance 379 Calls for national intervention on air quality. Alessandro Fantechi and Giovanni PRINT AND DISTRIBUTION Mantovani explore the reintroduction and CLASSIC : ŁÓDŹ 396 Warners (Midlands), Bourne, Lincs PE10 9PH, UK continuing growth of the tramway in this Mike Russell continues his exploration of LRTA MEMBERSHIP (with TAUT subscription) magnificent Italian city. the varied tram fleet at the Brus museum. Tramways & Urban Transit is sent free to all paid-up members of the Light Rail Transit Association. innotrans 2018 preview 370 LRTA WEBSITE AND DIARY Geoff Butler picks out a few of the light rail highlights from the upcoming global rail fair. Brian Lomas [email protected] [email protected] Subscriptions, MEMBERSHIP and back issues Maintenance is just as important as expansion LRTA Membership Secretary (Dept T06), 38 Wolseley For politicians, the public and the media it’s always sexy to look at shiny Road, Sale M33 7AU, UK. Tel: +44 (0)117 951 7785 new kit, or extensions that open up new travel opportunities. Yet it is vital [email protected] Website: www.lrta.info that we remember that for every new piece of line, stop or depot we open, for CORPORATE Subscriptions VISIT decades of everyday wear and tear will come with a maintenance bill. www.mainspring.co.uk It’s a commitment not only in the original capital cost, but in many cases of LRTA REGISTERED OFFICE significant further funds for decades into the future. 138 Radnor Avenue, Welling DA16 2BY, UK. Much of the world’s light rail and infrastructure – particularly on surviving Private company limited by guarantee, No. 5072319 first-generation systems – is getting on in years. Even many of the ‘new’ systems in places in England and Wales. such as the US, France, Spain or the UK have now been around for 20 years or more. LRTA Chairman – Paul Rowen In the US, the Department for Transportation produced a report in 2015 that put a [email protected] ‘State of Good Repair’ backlog for at nearly USD90bn – and climbing. © LRTA 2018 Likewise, the American Society of Civil Engineers’ 2017 Infrastructure Report Card rates Articles are submitted on the understanding they may also public transport infrastructure as a ‘D-’, the lowest grade the ASCE gave to any category. later be used on our websites or other media. A contribution Such debates are not new – it was partly the cost of renewals that led to the waves of is accepted on the basis that its author is responsible for the tramway closures around the world after World War Two. Yet it is still a very valid one. opinions expressed in it, and such opinions are not those of Fortunately, technology has some of the answers. As you’ll read in this issue’s the LRTA or Mainspring. All rights reserved. No part of this magazine may be reproduced or transmitted in preview of the InnoTrans rail exhibition that as we write is about to take place in , any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including automation, digitisation and robotics are increasingly offering answers to the photocopying, recording or by any information storage and cost-effective and predictive monitoring and analysis of infrastructure and vehicles. retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from In this edition we also have an examination of tramway automation, increasingly the copyright owner. Multiple copying of the contents of the moving from the metro sphere into other aspects of rail-borne transport. magazine without prior written approval is not permitted. Yet this can only ever be part of the answer. Building things brings commitments. While we rightly celebrate the ‘new’, we should never let that overshadow how we look Cover images: Allessandro Fantechi, Siemens after the legacy of what has come before. Simon Johnston, Editor Mobility, Neil Pulling

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org OCTOBER 2018 / 363 News ’s new tramway to open on 25 December Chinese megacity to add modern low-floor network to its metro offering on Christmas Day

he Shanghai Alstom Shentong Metro Group and joint venture has Keolis, which will operate a ten- completed delivery of minute service 05.00-23.00 on 30 double-ended 33m east–west line T1 from Xinqiao to Tfive-sectionCitadis 100% Chenta Rd. The network, with 46 low-floor trams (with a contract stops, is expected to carry value of EUR72m) for the city’s 170 000 passengers per day. first modern tramway. The two This is Keolis’ first tram One of the first batch of trams for Shanghai stands at the Songjiang lines in the contract in , although the South interchange terminus between the new tramway and metro . Keolis are expected to open on international operator already 25 December. operates the Pujiang rubber-tyred With construction of the is also the first of the city’s metro This year’s opening will be of metro line in the southern southern extension of metro lines to cross the Huangpu River an initial 13.9km (8.6 miles); suburbs, and the automated nearing completion, on an elevated alignment. a further 16.9km (10.5 miles) airport peoplemover. the opening for this 19.5km To handle the increased is under construction for Shanghai’s first-generation (12.1-mile) line is expected at the passenger volumes from the completion in 2019. tramway operated from 1908 to end of the year. With 7.7km extension, the line will use The five-year operations and 1975. A rubber-tyred rail-guided (4.8 miles) underground, the six-unit trains (currently four maintenance contract for the (Translohr system) has latest extension (branching from cars) with stations on the full system has been awarded operated in the district Dongchuan Lu station to a new existing 16.6km (10.3-mile) line to a joint venture of Shanghai since 2010. terminus at Fengxian Xincheng) renovated to match.

WMATA begins search for the 8000-series adds Washington’s Metropolitan Area Transportation Authority service (US) has issued a Request for Proposals for the design and construction of its next- generation rolling stock, to be delivered from 2024. Plans foresee the acquisition of at least 256 cars, designated the 8000-series, to allow for retirement of the 2000-series and 3000-series. Options would allow purchase of up to 800 cars, giving the flexibility to Test running on the Aarhus ABOVE: The former support scenarios including light rail extensions to heavy rail line to expanding all trains to eight Odder (29km/18 miles) and takes a cars, more frequent trains, and Lisbjergskolen (3km/1.9 miles) LRV through rural retiring the 6000-series fleet. began on 16 July and Midtrafik scenery. Aarhus Letbane The 8000-series will follow carried its first passengers from the Kawasaki 7000-series. 25 August. It is hoped to extend LEFT: The first The 748th and final car of this the line north over the rail line to Letbane departure roster is expected in 2019. by the end of the year. from Odde collects Features of the 8000-series In use are (14 passengers on 25 August. design will include new digital 80km/h cars) and Tango (12 A. Christiansen/ advertising screens; support 100km/h cars). Aarhus Letbane for remote PA announcements The lines to Odder and Grenaa from the Operations Control had their conventional rail using our new service. From the Letbane project, a link from Centre; dynamic digital system service suspended two years ago, start we have seen full trains at Braband in the western suburbs maps; 110v power outlets; and management was pleased peak periods, but still many in to join the existing line near additional hand holds; and that passengers returned in large the middle of the day. We see this Aarhus-H, and then branch off to improvements to lighting, numbers in the first days, when as an expression that rail service the redeveloping docklands area floor markings and signage for standing loads were recorded has been missed, and that fulfils at Aarhus-Ø. ADA space. at peak periods and 40-50% an important role for public Proposals are due in January loads off-peak. Letbane Director transport in the area”. For a detailed description of 2019, with expected contract Michael Borre said: “Customers Citizens are now being the Aarhus Letbane project, see placement late next year. have taken great pleasure in consulted on stage two of the TAUT 963.

364 / october 2018 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org Royal ceremony for Brussels’ latest tramline Jette extension formally opened in September

elgian monarch facility for 199 vehicles at HM King Philippe Place Reine Astrid (Miroir), inaugurated Brussels’ allowing the square there to be new tramline 9 on pedestrianised. Although 181 B1 September, driving specially- trees had to be felled for tramway liveried construction, 240 new ones were 3111 out of Simonis station. planted as replacements. The 3.3km (two miles) of new The new 4.2km (2.6-mile) HM King Philippe driving Brussels Flexity 3111, with its royal headboard, along double- links Simonis and line 9 and the extension of line Avenue de Jette from Simonis to Miroir on 1 September. QuentinJo UZ Brussel (Dikke Beuk/Arbre 94 (8) to Roodebeek represent Ballon) in Jette. Regular services an investment of EUR76.4m Although the decision to office for the project. Full-scale began on 2 September. in Brussels’ tramway in 2018, provide a fast link between test running started at the end of Apart from the subway although the new line was first Simonis metro station and June 2018. interchange at Simonis, which proposed in 1981. the University Hospital was Nine 3000-series Bombardier uses the modified pre-metro Work will start next year on taken in 2003, finance was not Flexity low-floor trams, running subway built for line 19, the line a 1.5km (0.9-mile) extension of agreed until March 2012, and every six minutes at peaks and is all on surface reserved track. line 9 to Heizel (Stade Koning tracklaying for the new line did every ten minutes off-peak, now Of that, 900m is shared with Boudewijn metro station, lines 51 not begin until mid-September work line 9. At evenings and line 19. and 93). Some politicians would 2015. The first tram to be placed weekends there is a 15-minute There is a three-level like the line to eventually reach on the tracks was PCC 7749, service. The new tram replaces underground park-and-ride Zaventem international airport. fitted out as an information bus line 15.

Portland plans to order up to 66 new Suzhou opens LRVs – and to refurbish 79 more tramline 2 Free travel on new tramline 2 TriMet (Portland, OR) has issued Overhaul programme, 112, seventh-and-last such fitment took place in Suzhou, China, for a Request for Proposals for returned to service in April, and took place in early 2018, with six days from 25 August, with LRVs to replace 26 high-floor for the first time since the start 113 being fitted due to car 112 regular service starting on Bombardier cars, its Type 1 car, of that programme in 2003 all (out of service for the Body 31 August. which date from 1983-86. There 26 Type 1 cars are now in service. Overhaul work since 2015). From an interchange with line is an option for eight more for the Three cars (102/3/16) will not be The overhaul programme 1 at Longkang Rd, the line runs planned extension of Red line overhauled. proceeded more slowly than 17.2km (10.7-mile) to Suzhou service to Fair Complex/Hillsboro Seven of the Bombardier cars anticipated, with 23 cars dealt New District railway station, Airport, and a further 32 for the have two pantographs, one of with in a span of 15 years, due with a 1.3km (0.8-mile) branch Tulatin line, if approved. Unlike which is for ice cutting and has to a TriMet staff shortage that from Hogfu Road to Wenchang TriMet’s last two orders, the new a heating element, but does not frequently caused work to be Rd. Services run 06.30-21.30, Type 6 cars will be double-ended. draw power from the overhead. suspended. In its latest union with ten-minute peak headways The last original car to emerge These ice-cutter pantographs were contract, TriMet successfully and a commercial speed of from the agency’s in-house Body added to 107-12 in 2006, but the negotiated for the right to hire 27.5km/h (17mph). an outside contractor to perform A fleet of 18 five-section trams such work in future, and this was delivered by CRRC method will be employed for a Puzhen, using Škoda Kingway ‘Mid-Life Overhaul’ of Type 2 and electrical equipment. Type 3 cars (Siemens SD660). Line T3 (due to open in 2019) A Request for Proposals for this will link Suzhou New District work was issued on 20 August. station with the terminus of line Covering all 79 cars, the work T1 and metro interchange will be more extensive than the Amusement Land, requiring a overhaul programme of the Type 1 further six trams. Three more cars, encompassing nearly all lines are proposed. mechanical components as well Meanwhile, four new metro as the bodies. lines have had CNY95bn The work is to include (EUR12bn) in funding approved; repainting into the agency’s construction of lines 6, 7, 8 and current livery; to date, only two S1 should start in 2019. They vehicles (203/35) of the 79 SD660 will add 137km (85 miles) to the Portland Type 1 LRV 119, coupled to Siemens car 318, seen inbound on the Tilikum LRVs have received the livery, existing three-line 105km Crossing Bridge. This is one of 23 given a body overhaul and the new livery. S. J. Morgan which was adopted in 2002. (65-mile) network.

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org october 2018 / 365 News Two new Vancouver light rail projects gain funding approval Federal and provincial money agreed for Surrey LRT and SkyTrain extension

n 4 September, using segregated lanes along Canadian Prime 104th Avenue and King George Minister Justin Boulevard. Offering five-minute Trudeau and British service during the peaks, OColumbia Premier John Horgan opening is planned for 2024. confirmed more than CAD3bn The CAD1.65bn (EUR1.1bn) (EUR1.95bn) in federal and scheme will be delivered by provincial funding for the regional authority TransLink, Surrey – Newton – Guildford with contributions from federal LRT project and the Broadway and City of Surrey sources. Subway extension of TransLink’s The Broadway Subway would Millennium SkyTrain line. extend the existing Millennium An image of what the future LRT may look like, running on Surrey’s King George The 10.5km (6.5-mile) Surrey light metro for 5.7km (3.5 miles) Boulevard at 76 Avenue. Translink – Newton – Guildford route to the west in-tunnel from would be the province’s first VCC-Clark station to Arbutus This CAD2.83bn project is to and the City of Vancouver. Both light rail line, running between Street, adding six stations. be funded and delivered by the projects are part of Translink’s 152nd Street in Guildford and Work is expected to begin in province, with contributions ten-year plan to enhance transit Newton with 11 stops and 2020 for an opening in 2025. from the Federal Government options.

Edinburgh’s Preferred alignment chosen for New vigilance device York’s Brooklyn Queens Connector challenge After two years of preliminary USD2.5bn), with passenger Chairs Richard Ravitch, Tom An innovation challenge has studies, on 29 August New York service beginning in 2029 and Prendergast and Jay Walder and been launched by Edinburgh Mayor Bill de Blasio announced not 2024 as initially projected. former MTA CEO Elliot Sander Trams and the City of Edinburgh a revised plan for the proposed Environmental impact studies have offered their support to the Council (UK) for a device to Brooklyn Queens Connector will begin this winter. project in a written statement detect when a tram driver might (or BQX) light rail line. Originally the new line – also published by the support group be about to lose consciousness The plan now calls for a 17.7km linking Red Hook, Williamsburg, Friends of BQX: “There are few, or focus due to illness or fatigue, (11-mile) line with 26 stops Greenpoint, Long Island City — if any, projects that match the and notify the control centre. from Gowanus, passing through was expected to pay for its own potential of the BQX to expand Funding of GBP168 000 central Brooklyn to Astoria. construction through property opportunity in an equitable way (EUR188 000) is to come from The route is planned to move taxation along its route, but a for a wide range of New Yorkers. Scottish Enterprise’s Can Do away from the waterfront to 2016 city policy now earmarks And we know that light rail, Innovation Fund. The project is better serve downtown Brooklyn this funding for other purposes, with dedicated right-of-way and also supported by UKTram. and to give greater connectivity to such as affordable housing. high ridership capacity, is by A consultation process the city’s subway and bus routes. New York City’s Deputy Mayor far the best mode of transit to took place in September with The study determined that the for Housing and Economic accomplish that.” businesses on the proposed revised project scope would cost Development Alicia Glen said Following the 29 August GBP165m (EUR185m) Newhaven USD250m/mile (USD155m/km), the city anticipates that the announcement, Mayor de tramway extension. Prospective up from the original projected public-private partnership Blasio said in a statement: “It is contractors will be asked to USD150m/mile (USD93m/km) contracted to build the line time for our transit system to make provision for measures estimate, largely because of the would contribute up to 10% of catch up... to help sustain local business complexity and condition of the total cost, leaving a USD1bn “The BQX is one of the during construction. These are underground utilities. funding gap to come from biggest, most ambitious projects estimated to cost in the region Overall the new plan comes Federal Government sources. in a generation. It will be a of GBP500 000 (EUR560 000) with a revised cost estimate of Former Metropolitam challenge, but New York City is and will include local hubs for USD2.73bn (up from the previous Transportation Authority taking it on.” parking, deliveries and goods storage as well as additional signage and pedestrian crossings. CAF completes takeover of Polish bus and tram builder Solaris The project’s Final Business Case and route layout is expected CAF finalised its acquisition Solaris currently holds Announcing the deal, CAF to be decided by councillors in of Polish bus, coach and tram contracts for the supply of its President & CEO Andrés December. builder Solaris on 4 September. Tramino low-floor tram to the Arizkorreta said in a statement: celebrated The Spanish rail equipment Polish city of Kraków and the “Together with Solaris, we will its busiest ever Festival during supplier has also entered into German cities of Braunschweig create a leader in urban mobility August with over 600 000 an agreement for the PFR Polish and Leipzig. The company is solutions beyond rolling stock, customer journeys made – up Development Fund to acquire a also a global bus supplier; it has particularly in the e-mobility more than 7% on last year. 35% stake in Solaris. plants in Sroda and Bolechowo. segment.”

366 / october 2018 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org Spårväg scheme now complete route into the city centre forms key link and connects to metro services

he 560m double-track extension of tramline 7 in Stockholm (Sweden) opened on 3 September; car 461 was the first tram to negotiate the route from Kungsträdgården to T-Centralen. TThe key extension promises an uplift in passenger numbers by drastically improving the tramway’s utility in the Swedish capital: the new section of line offers connections to Stockholm C station as well as metro lines. This completes the first phase of the Spårväg City project that began in 2010 with the expansion of the existing museum operation that took place between Norrmalmstorg and Waldemarsudde. It became the first modern tramway to run in the Swedish capital since the change from driving on the left to driving on the right in 1967. Services are run by Stockholms Spårvägar, a company owned by the Swedish Tramway Society, on behalf of Stockholm County. The results of investigations into an extension from Djurgårdsbron to Frihamnen are due to be presented in 2019. Line 7’s new end-point at Klarabergsgatan is a stub, meaning that only double-ended trams can be used. Museum trams on line 7N normally turn on the loop at Norrmalmstorg.

The formal ribbon-cutting of Stockholm’s tramline 7 extension at the new T-Centralen terminus on 3 September. Thomas Johansson Hamburg plans for S-Bahn automation Deutsche Bahn, Siemens and the German city of Hamburg have signed an agreement that should see the first automatedS-Bahn line in operation by 2021. The 23km (14-mile) section of S21 between Berliner Tor, Bergedorf and Aumühle will be equipped for automatic train operation, with four S-Bahn sets fitted with the technology. This is the first example of metro-style automation being applied to a commuter rail network. The EUR60m cost will be shared between the partners. The future European Automatic Train Operation (ATO) will be used, with radio-based ETCS Level 2. A driver will be retained on each train in the short to medium-term to manage any disturbances or irregularities. However, in a further extension of the principle, trains will operate between Bergedorf stabling sidings and station platforms without staff on board. If everything proves successful, the principle will be extended to the whole Hamburg S-Bahn network. Hamburg S-Bahn is currently taking delivery of 60 new ET490 three-car trains built by Bombardier in Hennigsdorf.

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org october 2018 / 367 News

Bolzano trams in the 2019 State budget Gmunden tramway joins At a meeting between Bolzano Mayor Renzo Caramaschi and South Tyrol Regional Governor Arno Kompatscher on 2 August StadtRegioTram network it was agreed that plans for a 7km (four-mile) tramline for the Italian city should be put forward for Connection of metre-gauge Austrian lines marked with free rides State funding in 2019. The line would link the rail station and the Sigmundskron ne of the world’s smallest tramways, The StadtRegioTram Gmunden transit interchange in the south- with the new section operating in west suburbs, using 40m trams. highlighted in red. Design and construction would the lakeside be overseen by Strutture Trasporto OAustrian town of Gmunden, Alto Adige, which is 100% owned was subsumed into the by the province. StadtRegioTram operation from The city had first-generation 1 September, running through trams from 1909 to 1948. over the Gmunden –Vorchdorf New rail proposals for light railway (Traunseebahn). Heathrow Airport The metre-gauge 2.3km Spelthorne Borough Council (UK) is (1.4-mile) line, with its 10% promoting a GBP375m (EUR420m) gradient, was built by engineers light rail link from Staines-upon- Stern & Hafferl in 1893-94 to link Thames to Heathrow Airport. the 1877 railway station above The scheme would be privately financed and largely run alongside the town with Rathausplatz. the M25 motorway corridor, on The tramway was cut back ‘brownfield’ land. from Rathausplatz to Franz-Josef- The proposal is in competition Platz in 1975 to ease traffic with schemes for heavy rail congestion in the narrow town lines submitted by Windsor Link centre street. However pandering Railway and Heathrow Southern to the motorist is no longer on the Rail. Spelthorne Borough Council town’s agenda, partly thanks to leader Ian Harvey said the LRT proposal would both reduce road the pressure group Pro Gmundner congestion and bring an economic Strassenbahn (founded in boost, saying that for the council 1989, when the existence of the the scheme was a “no brainer”. tramway was threatened); in February 2013, after several years Metrotenerife selected of study, the decision was taken for Cuenca consultancy Consultancy Metrotenerife has to link the two lines by building been chosen by the city of Cuenca, new tracks, back to Rathausplatz, Ecuador, to assist with operation then through the city walls at of the new tramway due to open in Trauentor and across the rebuilt 2019. The 9.9km (six-mile) line is to Traunbrücke river bridge to be the first in the South American Klosterplatz, terminus of the country. Expected daily ridership Traunseebahn since 2014, and is 45 000, on a route that will cross Seebahnhof. Cuenca’s historic centre, and A wet 25 August with the farewell parade of historic trams 100, 5, 8 and 9 at A total of 650m of new combine single and double track. Franz-Josef-Platz; car 10 in blue advertising livery is drawing up at the rear. A.Varga Metrotenerife’s contract, worth double-track route has been approximately USD3.5m, covers laid, with the EUR30m project featuring doors on one side only, which two run as far as Engelhof, 43 months and covers various cost divided between the Land since all the platforms were built the historic station on the aspects including preparation of Upper Austria and the town on the same side of the line. outskirts of Gmunden where a for operation, supervision, and in the ratio 80/20, though the The 14.9km (9.3-mile) new park-and-ride facility has implementation of quality controls. latter received various grants Traunseebahn electric interurban been built. The other two reach For more on the Cuenca project, and donations that reduced its linking the east side of Gmunden Vorchdorf- in 38 see TAUT 969. effective cost to EUR1.5m. with the agricultural town of minutes. The first test LRV ran Sorocaba light rail studies During the Gmunden Vorchdorf-Eggenberg, also built across the Traunbrücke on the The city of Sorocaba, Brazil tramway’s existence it has been and operated by Stern & Hafferl, evening of 6 August. (population 660 000) has issued served by 13 trams, including dates from 1912. The timetable cars 129/31 took over operation a request for proposals to conduct what was until recently Stern listed 20 trains/day, and of the Gmunden tramway from feasibility studies for a 24.1km & Hafferl’s last new tram, second-hand stock has been a 17.30 on 10 August. (14.9-mile) light rail line linking car 8, delivered by Lohner in feature of the line, including The old trams were given a Brigadier Tobias and George Oetterer on the alignment of the 1961. There are a further two some from Swiss light railways. suitable send-off on 25 August, existing east–west railway. bogie trams, 9 and 10, purchased The line is noted for its heavy after which the 57-year-old The studies will look at project in the 1970s from the closed scholar traffic, with extra trains car 8 joined the historic fleet structure and possible concession Vestische tramway in , to cope with the number of and 9/10 were earmarked for models. The 13km (eight-mile) which originally bought them young people needing transport. German museums. The first phase is scheduled to begin from Düwag in 1952. Historic Stern & Hafferl has purchased opening of the new service on operation in late 2020. trams 5 ( 1911) and ex-Linz 11 five-section 32mTramlink 1 September was marked by Pöstlingbergbahn open-sided LRVs from Vossloh-Kiepe, of a series of events from 09.00- cross-bench tram 100 (Graz 1898) which three are allocated to the 22.00, with a ceremonial ride For a preview of the complete the traditional fleet. Attergaubahn from Vöcklamarkt by Federal Transport Minister highlights at Berlin’s The double-ended trams, to Attersee, and the remainder to Norbert Hofer at 11.00. InnoTrans exhibition which carried 318 000 the new StadtRegioTram service. Regular service started the see page 370 passengers/year and ran every The new timetable features following day, with free travel 30 minutes, were unusual in four departures per hour, of offered for two weeks.

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Road Crossings // Pedestrian Crossings // Tram Stops // Depots // Anti-Trespass

Rosehill Rail - TAUT Half page Ad_185x130mm_OCT2018.indd 1 29/08/2018 10:08 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org OCTOBER 2018 / 369 NEXT STOP: BERLIN Geoff Butler previews some of the exciting technologies on display at the world’s Siemens will be demonstrating what it claims to biggest railway trade fair, be a world first in autonomous tram operation in partnership with operator ViP during September’s InnoTrans. the InnoTrans exhibition. Siemens

ith around 3000 exhibitors The company will also be displaying an for long-distance catenary-free operation. from over 60 countries, this Inspiro automated metro car destined for the With a passenger capacity of 353 and a year’s InnoTrans exhibition Bulgarian capital of Sofia and the first of 25 turning radius of 25m due to an advanced in Berlin (18-21 September) Cityval automated peoplemovers on order for bogie design, the consortium behind its is once again set to showcase Rennes’ Line B (France), due to open in 2020. development claims that it is the most theW latest developments at the rail industry’s Stadler will display the first 1220mm-gauge advanced tram design on the Chinese market biggest international trade exhibition. This driverless trainset that it is supplying as part and is up to the very best on offer from the biennial event is a great opportunity to see of a GBP200m (EUR222m) joint venture with established western manufacturers. next-generation innovations and concepts up Ansaldo STS to the Scottish city of Glasgow. Meanwhile, as part of the UNIFE Shift2Rail close, as well as to explore the latest products These 39.24m walk-through trains feature initiative, CAF will be presenting the world and services from global suppliers. the latest in digital passenger information, first view of its virtual coupling mechanism Showing continual growth since it moved entertainment and security features and for light rail vehicles. Entitled ‘Connected to Berlin in 1996, InnoTrans will host a total of will be running under Unattended Train Trams’, this is first deployment of CAF’s 140 vehicles on display on Messe Berlin’s 3.5km Operation on the city’s Subway from 2021. TCMS wireless backbone, which controls (2.2 miles) of outdoor tracks between 18-21 Further displays include next-generation functions such as propulsion, braking, September. That is in addition to the 41 halls, S-Bahn cars for Berlin, to be delivered as part doors, lights and passenger information. covering over 200 000m2 of indoor space. of a framework contract with Siemens for up Combining sensor data and vehicle-to- to 1380 cars for delivery from 2021. vehicle communications, the system is able New vehicles on display to control the distance between vehicles. Although debuted at PK Transportnye “A total of 140 vehicles will A variety of interactive presentations Systemy’s plant at Tver on 20 July, InnoTrans will be displayed on the Bombardier stand, sees the first overseas display for the newLion be on display... in addition including virtual reality suites offering and Lionet 100% low-floor models from this 360° views of one of the latest Flexity LRVs rapidly expanding Russian concern. to the 41 halls that cover for Zurich and a Movia metro train in The single-section 100% low-floorLionet , Stockholm, while Alstom will be exhibiting 2 designated 71-911M, is a development of the over 200 000m of its SRS ground-based charging solution for City Star platform supplied to Rostov Na-Donu tramways, as installed in the recently-opened with the capability for catenary-free operation indoor space.” Cadam-Magnan section of Nice’s new . as well as design modifications and a new The company’s established APS technology is driver’s cab. The 16.5m double-ended version Chinese manufacturers are set for a also now available for road vehicles and this will be displayed in Berlin before it embarks strong showing again in 2018, with CRRC will also be shown in Berlin. on longer-term operational trials in Perm. displaying its innovative composite-bodied The 37.4m Lion is a three-section version. ‘New Generation Metro’ concept. Promising Digitisation and automation Both will be standard gauge versions, a 13% weight saving over traditional steel- Automation across all fields is a key focus demonstrating the firm’s export ambitions. bodied metro trains, as well energy efficiency of this year’s event, with German company Siemens will again have one of largest improvements of 15%, the NGM also uses Vollert, for example, presenting its new road- exhibitions in Berlin, including a display of advanced traction technologies using silicon rail robot. The battery-operated (and therefore one the 12 -M low-floor trams destined carbide permanent magnet motors and fully emission-free) model is designed for use in for the German city of that includes the active suspension systems and is designed depots and stabling yards, with one-man company’s ‘Tram Assistant’ collision warning for either manual or automatic operation at operation and a towing capability of up to system. In nearby Potsdam (27km/17 miles to speeds of up to 140km/h (87mph). 300 tons. Individually controlled wheel hub the south-west), the company is partnering Another interesting concept – jointly motors promise agility and economy – the with undertaking ViP to demonstrate developed by Xinzhu, Southwest Jiaotong first units are already proving themselves autonomous tram operation to the world’s University and Voith – is the 100% low-floor with German tramway operators such as media with a modifiedCombino tram on a XZD-100 that will also make its international Stuttgarter Straßenbahnen (SSB). 6km (3.7-mile) section of that city’s network. debut. With a modular design, common Asset management is going through its For a more detailed analysis on the latest platform and hybrid technologies, it offers own quiet revolution with robots, sensors developments in tram automation, see page 374. lower lifecycle costs as well as the potential and algorithms replacing manual inspection

370 / october 2018 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org InnoTrans Preview

technology, laser scanners are mounted in equipment is easily moveable and removes the track area and calibrated to a common the need for major construction work while baseline. As a vehicle passes, the diameter, also promoting sharing between operators. profile and distance between the wheels Kraiburg Purasys will present its new sub- are measured and corresponding tolerances ballast mat SBM PN 22-0.02 (25mm including are given. The sensors are self-cleaning and fleece lamination) made of closed-cell virtually maintenance-free, reducing labour material with low dynamic stiffness to reduce costs of manual inspection. vibration and shock emissions. Tested to the Meanwhile, 3D printing specialist Stratasys highest European standards, this new will demonstrate the value of additive matting system is designed for rail systems of manufacturing for the rail industry and all shapes and sizes with axle loads up to 16t how this game-changing technology is and speeds up to 120km/h (75mph). Using a reinventing the supply chain. The US-based ‘hook-and-loop’ system simplifies laying and company’s new Fortus 450mc 3D Printer the bonding of two mats. offers the capability for rapid tooling and Sustainability in the maintenance lifecycle final part production to give operators is of increasing significance to rail operators the opportunity to cost-effectively print and -based Lankhorst will be replacement parts on-demand. using InnoTrans to demonstrate its range of Of course, the move to digital and cost-effective, durable and environmentally- connected technologies brings with it friendly KLP sleepers. Not just a substitute for cyber security challenges and Spanish traditional timber or concrete sleepers, this technology firm Revenga Smart Solutions hybrid polymer sleeper has its own unique will be premiering CiberTrack, its network features that mean a range of improvements cyber-attack protection system. Certified over an expected 50-year life. Approved by to the highest international standards, this the German Federal Railway Authority for innovative new encryption solution is fully operational testing, options are available for adapted to the needs of railway operators and urban, regional or industrial railways. using the IPSec protocol makes it compatible Additional damping properties and and testing. I-Moss will demonstrate how with other off-the-shelf solutions. optimum stiffness are found due to the robots can be used for rail head measurement ductility of the polymer in combination and the detection of rolling contact fatigue Infrastructure innovation with the strength of the steel reinforcement and rail roughness with its autonomous With all the world’s biggest players at bars. Users of the KLP sleeper have found trolley. Using a brushless DC motor with InnoTrans, one of the very biggest, Pandrol, reductions in noise levels of 3-5dB on bridges energy recuperation and a GPS-based is to showcase its four specialisms in Berlin: as well as a decrease in transmitted vibration. ‘engine’ to execute pre-programmed rail fastenings, aluminothermic welding, The sleepers have a high chemical resistance inspection routes, safety is ensured by electrification and control systems. It will to moisture, acids and salts, compensate for real-time camera supervision and ultrasonic also be hosting ‘ask the expert’ sessions, the reduction in elasticity of the ballast in object detection. with seminars on topical issues such as smart case of ballast contamination and have high Infrastructure specialist Vossloh will be monitoring systems, floating slab track lateral resistance which makes them ideal exhibiting its ‘intelligent infrastructure’ solutions for urban environments and pre- for the sharp curves often found in tramway concept, with technologies for both stationary assembly efficiencies through robotics. and light rail systems. For these reasons, the and mobile condition-monitoring that also Mechan, the British-based depot city of chose polymer sleepers include integrated microprocessors for real- equipment specialist, will be using its largest when replacing sections of its light rail time data processing and analysis. Using its stand to date to further raise its global profile infrastructure in 2015. Easyswitch MIM-H point machine as an following its recent takeover by France’s As well as unveiling improvements to its example, the company will be showcasing CIM Group. This includes a fully-working existing product range, level crossing and its use of ‘digital twins’ to create virtual version of its flagship lifting jacks used by noise and vibration mitigation specialist replicas of physical components or systems to rail operators around the world that allow STRAIL will use InnoTrans to demonstrate its investigate performance and functionality. one-man operation to avoid the decoupling new STRAILastic_MSW sound dampening This digital approach will also feed into of articulated units as well as its new range of walls and the STRAILastic_IP Infill Panels, future research and product development. lightweight jacks designed specifically for the a series of noise protection measures for Similarly, Strukton Rail is using tram and light rail market. railings and bridges. These can be fitted to InnoTrans to unveil new automatic video Further depot innovation will be on existing structures to reduce the impact recognition technology which can identify display from SEG in the form of its new mini of passing rail vehicles by absorbing and potential track defects before they occur underfloor wheel lathe (UFWL), created to reflecting the sound back at the track. using contactless real-time measurement. allow smaller operators to reprofile their A new ‘cycle-safe’ system will be displayed Combining the company’s track expertise wheels at reduced cost. Less than half the by Datwyler, created to help prevent with Siemens’ Railigent data analytics size of a traditional UFWL, this piece of accidents caused by cycle wheels falling into

LEFT: Stadler is due to reveal the first completed metrocar for the Glasgow Subway; we hope to bring you a picture of the real thing next month! Stadler/SPT RIGHT: Lankhorst’s KLP hybrid polymer sleepers installed on GVB tramway infrastructure. Lankhorst

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grooved rails in city streets. A safety profile screws into the rail groove and a guiding plate restricts the sine curve of the wheel, increasing the lifetime of the rubber profile. The design promises easy removal for rail maintenance and has a drainage channel to avoid dust and dirt build-up. UK-based Rosehill Rail will be using this year’s event to showcase its easy to install and high quality rubber rail crossing systems, along with the latest version of its Anti-Trespass panels. Visitors to the stand will be able to see for themselves how quickly and easily it can be installed and removed for maintenance. Although mentioned earlier, more ‘analogue’ innovations from Vossloh include new, longer-lasting and more Amongst the many electrification (MAG) that can produce and translate perfect environmentally-friendly materials for both displays, Powerlines Group will present its message output by text-to-speech voices. S&C and sleeper construction and a new new GRP catenary masts that weigh just Standard phrases are included in the system, compact milling machine designed for light 800kg. Following testing on Belgium’s but an individual vocabulary can be added rail. Despite its low 16t weight, the new Multi- Kusttram, these 11m masts are now being in seconds using the system’s powerful Purpose Milling (MPM) machine achieves trialled with Baden-Württemberg operator AI-based machine translation, both for metal removal of up to 2mm per pass due to Albtal Transport (AVG) on a turning loop repeating standard information, or up-to-date its counter-rotating milling process, in which in Ettlingen, with installation of the test announcements in a realistic human voice – the milling unit rotates against the direction infrastructure due to be completed by and in any language. of feed. Contactless laser scanning of the rail the time InnoTrans begins. A variety of A fascinating smart technology for surface also supports enhanced condition- cantilevers, carrying the contact wires, will passengers with disabilities is the ‘Guide-Me’ based turnout maintenance. be mounted on the GRP masts, for evaluation. video assistance system. Passengers can request On the outside tracks, Linsinger will exhibit audio or video help from a control centre or a two rail milling machines for the light rail Safe and accessible environments family member at the touch of a button using and metro markets: the MG11 can re-profile Some of the most promising developments their smartphone. If a passenger is in distress, rails on lines with limited clearance and can be found in the areas of passenger-focused their current location is transmitted via GPS, tight curvature, while the SF02T-FS has been technologies. For example, - along with additional important information, designed for use on metros and narrow-gauge based Aristech will be demonstrating its if necessary, such as their address, medicines, railways, and can negotiate 50m-radius curves. multilingual announcement generator or relatives to call. As a ‘smart help point’, this travel companion can deliver support on a ABOVE: point-by-point basis, in real-time and without Powerlines’ any additional infrastructure. lightweight and From the relatively simple to the very high-strength GRP masts have been sophisticated, South Korean national rail tested in the harsh operator Korail will be showing is automated coastal climate safety management system that recognises seen on Belgium’s and predicts hazardous situations at stations ® KLP Hybrid Polymer Sleepers coastal tramway. and stops in real-time. CCTV image analysis Powerlines Group and 3D calibration technology detects incidents such as passenger falls, escalator BELOW: E-paper accidents and fires, and deep-learning technology allows rapid updates tracking technology can even detect to low-power distracted passengers and prevent their screens that can accidents. Incidents detected by the system are be used for either displayed in real-time images and in 3D map static or dynamic location to an alert app on the smartphone of information with operational staff, allowing them to pinpoint either monochrome and react to incidents quickly and more easily. or colour displays. One innovative new technology that has Dysten great potential for passenger information systems is e-paper. Polish company Dysten will be displaying its latest displays that are a Sustainable Polymer Railway Solutions cost-effective and environmentally-friendly alternative to traditional paper-based ■ Long Lifetime timetables or LED and LCD displays. With very low power consumption, which ■ Low Life Cycle Costs is consumed only during changing the ■ Recycled & Recyclable content, these tablet-like e-paper devices are updated via the 3G network from an ■ Excellent Damping & High Strength operator’s central operations centre and can ■ Sound & Vibration Reduction be changed in seconds. Energy can be derived from renewable energy sources, such as small ■ No glass  ber dust emission during drilling solar panels or wind turbines. ■ No leaching compared with creosoted timber Their thin and lightweight yet durable construction means they can be mounted almost anywhere, reducing the need for Visit us: Hall 21 / Stand 301 additional components, and their durability 18-21 september makes them scratch and vandal-resistant. www.lankhorstrail.com Berlin With so much to see, TAUT will present a detailed InnoTrans review next issue…

372 / october 2018 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org Advertorial NEW SOLUTIONS FOR ONE-OFF PARTS

aced with the challenge of meeting a lengthy process, but from a cost-perspective increased customer demand for would limit the company to only taking one-off customised parts, Siemens orders above ten parts, with lower volumes Mobility required an alternative unable to justify the production cost. manufacturing solution to Fovercome the time and cost barriers associated Servicing customer needs with with traditional low-volume production. repeatability and precision This was particularly exemplified during a Bringing 3D printing in-house was a recent project for German operator, Stadtwerke game-changer, enabling Ulm/Neu-Ulm Verkehr (SWU). With the to improve production flexibility and integration of a Stratasys Fortus 900mc 3D responsiveness to customer demands. printer into its production process, Siemens If the part is not in stock, Siemens Mobility Enjoying the ability to print larger Mobility was able to address these challenges needs to purchase the machinery or tools production parts on the Fortus 900mc, Siemens by printing customised parts on-demand, to manufacture it, incurring large costs for Mobility particularly values the performance of rapidly and cost-effectively and reducing a one-off part. Outsourced, the component Stratasys’ flame, smoke and toxicity-compliant inventory costs for itself and its customers. is typically made from glassfibre plastics, thermoplastic material to align with necessary using traditional processes such as injection fire protection requirements. Simplifying production with FDM 3D moulding, welding and milling. After testing and finishing them, this Creating an armrest for an Ulm tram driver’s Shipped to Siemens Mobility, the part enables the company to supply the 3D printed seat does not sound too complex at first, but is tailored and treated to the customer’s components – which serve as lightweight and the conventional manufacturing process is exact specifications, who receives the final durable transport parts – direct for installation not that simple. component several weeks later. This is not only onto the . creating additional benefits and adding value

Successful integration of FDM 3D printing into its processes has seen the Siemens Mobility team overcome the limitations of traditional manufacturing methods for low-volume production A significant reduction in lead times for customised final production parts has been created, with turnaround times decreasing from weeks to days Having a Stratasys Fortus 900mc 3D printer in-house improves Siemens Mobility’ production flexibility and responsiveness to customer demands, reducing unnecessary inventory costs in the process  Advances in part repeatability, customisation and availability sees an increase in customer satisfaction Find out more at www.stratasys.com within Siemens Mobility’s customer base.

ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

SIEMENS MOBILITY CUSTOMIZES PRODUCTION

STRATASYS FDM 3D PRINTING ENABLES EXTENDED CUSTOMER SERVICE OFFERING AND STREAMLINED SUPPLY CHAIN

“Customizing low volume production parts using FDM 3D printing has been transformational for our customer service offering, as well as our supply chain. Not only are we taking orders on-demand, 3D printing has also given us the fl exibility to meet customer requirements faster with no obsolete parts created in the process.”

– Michael Kuczmik, Siemens Mobility, Head of Additive Manufacturing –

COME AND VISIT US AT INNOTRANS 2018, HALL 8.2, STAND 223

STRATASYS.COM I +49 7229 7772-0 Watch the video

A GLOBAL LEADER IN ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS Technology AUTONOMOUS TRAMS: WHY? WHEN? HOW? Drawing on current thinking from across the industry, TAUT looks at the increasing role and complexity of driver assistance systems and how they are leading to greater automation of tram and LRV operation.

Dubai’s tramway is currently the most ‘automated’ LRT system, using adapted CBTC technology. Jay Tornaquia

n recent years, systems designed to What is far more complex is the anticipation A certain level of computer assistance is assist or ‘automate’ many of the most of situations such as changing weather already here. Most of the major rolling stock common functions of tram and LRV conditions and wheel/rail adhesion, or manufacturers – and a growing number of operation have gained prominence, perhaps the courtesy of holding the doors for aftermarket suppliers – offer ‘driver assistance using technology influenced by the an extra few seconds to cater for a less mobile systems’ (DAS) that promise everything automotiveI ‘arms race’ that is striving for passenger, knowing that time can be made up from obstacle detection, speed warnings increased driver assistance and even, at some elsewhere through sensible, safe judgement. and real-time component monitoring at the point in the future, full automation. Artificial intelligence and machine basic level, up to speed and platform door Greater autonomy for cars and goods learning are evolving rapidly, but there is control at the higher end. These range from vehicles are made possible by the continued currently still an essential role for human simple and cost-effective retrofit solutions emergence of technologies such as machine judgement in what is a customer-focused that repurpose existing technology, to more learning, image analysis, and Lidar. Advances industry. Therefore any transition period bespoke equipment that is specified as part of in mobile and cloud computing and sensor with mixed human and machine traffic in a system’s procurement (see panel). technology have enabled the progress of urban environments must be rigorously Dubai’s tramway, opened in November these intelligent systems to the point where analysed and carefully managed. 2014, marked a world-first in the application driver assistance systems that allow high Automation of urban rail networks is far of CBTC technology. With long segregated levels of automation in highway conditions from new and figures from UITP show that sections and a desire for higher commercial are now commonplace. While complete 36% of the new metro lines opened in 2017 speeds, this solution was adapted from an autonomy could be achieved by 2030, were fully automated. But in segregated existing Alstom product although, crucially, updates to infrastructure and the regulatory environments an automated metro only has a driver remains in the cab. environment will certainly take longer. to make decisions in relation to what is in Yet the opportunities for autonomy go So, will the proliferation of new automotive front of it. Computers and controllers can far beyond the automotive industry as we developments, allied to established metro comfortably assume a clear alignment with see public transport operators increasingly technology, offer the fundamental enablers track access prohibited by tunnels, barriers, positioning themselves as ‘mobility providers’ for future fully autonomous tram operation? bridges or screen doors. and the boundaries between mass and private Is this technology practical and how far will In contrast, trams and LRVs circulate in transport become increasingly blurred. it go? And what are the barriers to progress? primarily open environments, mixing with The differences between ‘autonomy’ and other city traffic and pedestrians. With far ‘automation’ are a source of much debate and A few basic definitions more variables at play, drivers therefore have in a recently-published white paper SYSTRA There are many things that computers, to make a wide range of decisions about their identified the following useful definitions: sensors and servos can undoubtedly do surroundings that are related to an almost Automatic system: One that performs tasks better than a human being and they are endless amount of external factors – that can based on pre-defined rules; the information generally more accurate and more consistent. change quickly. needed to comprehend its environment is

374 / october 2018 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org provided to it to enable decision-making. It can be with or without a driver. Autonomous system: Capable of making its own decisions without human-defined instructions. It must therefore manage the functions of comprehension, environment analysis, and decision-making; responsibilities currently reserved primarily for human beings. To be truly autonomous, a tram must therefore be able to capture, perceive, analyse, plan, make decisions and act without human intervention. All this must be carried out in real-time.

Tramways’ unique issues The key challenges of any moves towards increased automation will be of a technical, security, regulatory, social or societal nature. Yet autonomous vehicles of all kinds have common needs, whether they be a car or public transport: collision avoidance; high level communication integrity; self-monitoring of vehicle condition; management of degraded modes; situational management; and a minimum onboard intelligence to cover loss of communication. Technology will face the need for Metrotenerife Citadis 26 taking the curve below Conservatorio stop heading to Santa Cruz; its SIMOVE system certification, standardisation, and will have was developed in response to over-speeding incidents on curves on a variety of networks. Mike Russell to be justly insurable. The current legal void and lack of safety references on these types of In the event that the system has not been solutions leads to many questions. approved or certified at a safety integrity Defining LRT Although amendments to the Vienna level by a manufacturer, the project itself automation Convention on Road Traffic are under must incorporate the implementation of the consideration, the current regulations state generic safety case. SYSTRA’s white paper prescribes two logical that a driver remains ultimately responsible Evolution of regulation: This will allow preferred areas of development in the short for his or her vehicle. While there are the necessary testing to develop reliability to medium term. The first is within the depot – reasonable arguments for rewriting parts of and provide authorisation for service. It will from simple automatic storage to a perimeter this important document to reflect advances be impossible to have a universal rule for that encompasses other functions: washing; in technology, it is likely that the fundamental all forms of autonomous vehicles in mixed preparation and taking vehicles out of service. The second is giving driving assistance; as with point will remain for the time being. traffic and the highway code and public the autonomous car, this encompasses a gradual It will also be interesting to see how vehicle transport regulations in each country will increase in electronic aids that address the manufacturers draw that line of liability as require consultation. concerns of operators (avoidance of collisions, greater levels of automation are made possible. Who holds liability? Likewise, liability in over-speed protection, driving in low visibility, Nevertheless, these common challenges the event of an accident must be determined problems of training or turnover of staff etc). offer a real opportunity for sharing resources – is it the manufacturer, the software Both of these are linked to greater and the creation of internodal technological programmer, the operator, or the mobility connectivity between the vehicle and its bridges. These include: authority? What will be the level of risk infrastructure to allow for more detailed No reference/security standard: Before acceptance? Who will qualify it? analysis of real-time characteristics to improve safety and efficiency and reduce downtime. allowing the circulation of autonomous The fight against cybercrime: Any Defining a new framework could therefore vehicles on roads or granting operating service requiring a high level of computerised look something like this: authorisation in real conditions, validation intervention comes with the associated LoA0: No automation and security will be necessary. For example, risks of cybercrime. As soon as there is LoA0+: The system controls the speed (with will any system that replaces a driver have to communication between the vehicle and its gentle and progressive sanctions) be the highest Safety Integrity Level, SIL4? environment, the vehicle must be ready to LoA1: The system assists the driver (speed set points, passive driving aids) BELOW: A LoA2: The driver assists the system (speed Tango trialling DSA control by the system, initiated either by the technology in early driver or the system) 2018. Note the driver’s LoA3: The driver becomes an attendant and hand on the controller intervenes only when necessary and the warning light LoA4: The tram drives itself, without the on the dash that presence of any onboard agent indicates that controlled braking is taking place to avoid a collision. BLT

ABOVE: Parisian operator RATP carried out a pilot with ‘driverless’ tram stabling in conjunction with Alstom in 2017. A retrofitted Citadis manoeuvred itself around the T7 depot in Vitry-sur-Seine, following staff members around at safe distances and stopping at designated stabling positions. RATP/Alstom

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org october 2018 / 375 Technology

make a decision when it sees something, or by remote control if operated this way. In a more global environment, new digital threats generated by increased online connectivity may have an impact on operational safety. The important period of cohabitation: During this period of transition, questions will arise in terms of ‘driving practices’ and shared responsibilities. Machine learning will have to develop response-driven strategies that adapt driving. Return on investment: Cost must integrate investment, operation, maintenance and upgrades over a complete ABOVE: lifecycle. Any value analysis must be carried Frankfurt’s decision out case-by-case, and according to context as to implement an well as individual operators’ needs. ‘electronic guardian Degraded modes: Trams and cars must angel’ for its tram manage ‘degraded modes’; these may be drivers has seen caused by the failure of any element that both R and S type contributes to service provision. Such failures trams fitted with may require human intervention at source or DAS enhancements even removal of the degraded mode. These in recent years. situations, currently managed by the driver, LEFT: DAS must be listed and identified. equipment is Anticipating danger: Any scenario that visible on the front involves emergency braking can directly of VGF 035 (seen on affect the safety of passengers, as well as Stresemannallee the availability of the transport system. in August 2017). Emergency manoeuvres must therefore remain The radar sensor exceptional. Onboard intelligence will require is below the windscreen on the the capacity to anticipate potential dangers, right hand side, equivalent at least to that of a human driver. with the video Passenger movements: Service departures camera mounted in near pedestrians must be managed. It is also the cab just above it. important to think about evolution of stop Both: Neil Pulling layouts, for example to discourage passengers from crossing in front of vehicles. This may management must therefore be integral to the that automation supports the person in the result in new warning systems. ‘automation’ system, as it will have to oversee system, and what happens when it fails? Practical operational matters: For optimum running speeds while also dealing Trust is also a major concern. In the early years, tramlines in urban areas, general challenges with obstacle detection in real-time. Trade-offs operators, passengers and other road users include the location of vehicles (based on between traction power, energy consumption will face an adjustment period to place their rather than timetable), balancing and risk management may therefore arise. full trust in the technology and this handover passenger density, and guaranteeing Human factors: Close co-operation with period needs to be carefully managed. optimal dwell times. With these in mind, those employed in operational functions instructions are passed to drivers who adapt is crucial as we consider the impact on the For further detail on SYSTRA’s recommendations: their movements with respect to other labour market. In the immediate term, www.systra.com/IMG/pdf/systra_-_automated_ trams or LRVs on the line. This level of line questions exist such as how can we ensure and_autonomous_public_transport.pdf

What are operators doing now?

The consequences of even minor collisions can Bombardier’s stereo camera system relies Given the high annual costs of collisions on larger be significant and undertakings around the world on cameras alone to scan for obstacles of more systems, is has been suggested that investments in are already implementing DAS and the first steps than 40cm in size in a 15-60m area in front of the DAS could be paid back in as little as two years. towards tram automation. tram; three cameras underneath the destination In France, tests within a controlled environment A study from Hannover operator üstra revealed display offer a three-dimensional view. Again, have also shown that LoA3 and LoA4 are possible, the cost of such incidents over a ten-year period software evaluates the chances of a collision before such as the trials undertaken at RATP’s T7 depot in amounted to a staggering EUR6m; this doesn’t triggering a warning to the driver; automatic braking Vitry-sur-Seine, Paris. A combination of technologies include the disruption of removing damaged can be configured as the next step. have proven that a Citadis tram can start and vehicles from service. Impressed with the trials, VGF has now installed stop by itself, recognise obstacles and follow Some of the first work on so-called ‘driver the Bombardier system on 74 S type trams, using pre-determined routes supplied by the Easymile vigilance systems’ began with a partnership the Bosch system for its older R type Düwag cars. start-up (in which tram manufacturer Alstom has a between üstra and Frankfurt-am-Main operator Baselland Transport () is evaluating stake). The trials are now in their next phase. VGF in 2013. A joint pilot project evaluated the a similar collision warning system, working with Most recently, in September Siemens announced capabilities of two systems: the first from Bosch rolling stock manufacturer Stadler and Bosch. If the a ‘world first’ in its own research to be carried out Engineering, trialled by both VGF and üstra, and the trials are deemed successful, the DAS will be rolled during the InnoTrans trade exhibition in Berlin. second from Bombardier, which VGF tested. Both out across the BLT’s fleet of metre-gaugeTango LRVs. Working in partnership with Potsdam operator ViP, could be considered the first steps towards LoA1. Metrotenerife took the path of developing its a tram fitted with Lidar, radar and cameras The Bosch system combines data from a video own SIMOVE DAS that uses GPS to continuously was to operate over a 6km (3.7-mile) section of the camera and a radar sensor to monitor objects in the monitor the speed of its Alstom trams in relation network in real traffic, although without passengers. rail area and measure their distance to the tram. to appropriate set line speeds. If excess speed is Artificial intelligence is said to allow the tram to Software in the DAS control unit evaluates whether detected, the driver is first given an audible warning respond to signals, stop locations and to hazards a collision is likely, and if it is, triggers visual and and if no intervention is seen the system can apply such as crossing pedestrians and other vehicles. audio warnings to alert the driver who then has the brakes. Using readily available technologies, The company stressed that while the technology two seconds to either override the warnings or take SIMOVE also features a web application for full is not currently available for commercial use, it is in action. If an intervention doesn’t take place then a event logging and driving analysis tools that can be discussions with ViP to continue development of safety braking sequence is initiated. used for further driver training. the system beyond the InnoTrans trial period.

376 / october 2018 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org Advertorial SIMOVE: A UNIQUE SAFETY AND EFFICIENCY TOOL

ight urban railways and tramways have become one of the most popular and in-demand forms of mobility for cities around the world facing rising populations andL intensified urbanisation. But with these significant increases in demand, railway operators face greater challenges in relation to safety and supervision of the operation. Metrotenerife, the operator of the tram network on the island of Tenerife, offers a novel driving aid for light railways and trams as well as conventional trains – SIMOVE. This sophisticated tool continuously supervises operations and, at the same time, helps to prevent accidents caused by excessive speed. During its development, the current needs of railway operators were carefully considered as well as potential improvements in the sector, resulting in a novel product which is unique in the market. Cost savings, greater efficiency in incident management, “The success of SIMOVE has captured the interest a reduction in action times and an increase in safety are just some of the immediate of railway operators around the world. ” benefits of this tool. It also has a reliability rate of 99.985%. of ‘black zones’. If an event arises, SIMOVE corrective policies into place to prevent future Based on the compilation of real-time data can also issue alerts in real-time to a situations of risk. using GPS and odometer, making it possible supervisor’s smartphone or tablet. Apart from Additionally, Tranvía de Tenerife has seen to monitor how vehicles are driven on each the obvious benefits of these basic functions, notable improvements in key indicators section of a route, the system takes samples SIMOVE is a very useful tool for vehicle such as the punctuality and regularity of up to ten times a second. The resulting maintenance, featuring a characteristic for its service. As SIMOVE compiles data about records are stored on a centralised database, detecting wear and tear on wheels, thus dwell times at stops and termini, this valuable with the capability to generate rapid and avoiding unnecessary maintenance costs. information is used for effective optimisation reliable reports which make it possible to Since its installation in 2016, this and planning of the network to increase the exercise exhaustive control of the operation technology has demonstrated excellent overall quality of the service provided. at all times. results at Tranvía de Tenerife. In the first This success of SIMOVE has captured the In terms of safety, SIMOVE generates instance, improvements in driving behaviour interest of railway operators around the world audible and visual warnings and is capable of have been observed and there has been a seeking to incorporate this technology into activating a vehicle’s emergency brake if its significant reduction in emergency braking – their own operations. For example, SIMOVE speed rises beyond that indicated for a route both of these factors have led to an increase has been installed on ’s section and there is an imminent risk of an in passenger comfort. Furthermore, it is now Oeste tramway and Metrotenerife is currently accident. The system also generates maps of possible to detect excesses in speed which in discussions with other operators – within event hotspots, facilitating the identification had previously gone unrecorded and put Spain and internationally.

FIND OUT MORE For details – and a video demonstration – visit: www.metrotenerife.com/services-and-consultancy/ ABOVE AND RIGHT: Simple graphical interfaces give valuable real-time information of all vehicles in current operation. This data helps enhance safety [email protected] +34 922 024 810 and efficiency while improving training regimes and reducing cost. Metrotenerife

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org october 2018 / 377 Q&A: Benoît Brossoit ‘This is not an industry where size matters’ rom its first order for metro cars – for the Canadian city of Montréal – in 1974, Bombardier Transportation has become one of the world’s biggest suppliers Fof rail equipment, with a presence in every major market. Building a global presence initially through mergers and acquisitions, the company now offers design, manufacture, maintenance and refurbishment of all forms of rolling stock, as well as offering solutions for operations, signalling, propulsion and control equipment and control systems. With a current order book for over 700 trams and LRVs across its Flexity platforms, Bombardier’s future looks healthy. Tramways & Urban Transit caught up with Benoît Brossoit, the company’s President of the Americas Region, to discuss the recent challenges with its major LRV replacement programme for the city of Toronto – one of the world’s biggest streetcar operators – and what the future holds in a disrupted and increasingly consolidated global marketplace. 27 cars in the first six months of this year, ABOVE: TTC North America is currently a an increase of 250% from last year, and 38 Flexity 4435 leads Q a pair of new LRVs very strong urban transit market, more car deliveries are planned for 2018. on the stand at with a number of significant players. We are fully committed to our goal of Gunns Loop in Is this competition for orders a good delivering 204 cars by the end of 2019. May 2018. or bad thing? We have a long-standing relationship Vic Simons with the TTC and appreciate the continued We are focused on delivering co-operation. Toronto riders appreciate RIGHT: Benoît A state-of-the-art mobility solutions their streetcars and we are committed to Brossoit – adapted to the specific needs of each market. manufacture high performance products that President, Bombardier Mobility is growing exponentially in North will meet their mobility challenges. Transportation, America with over CAD20bn (EUR13bn) of Another example that confirms Americas Region. projects to be awarded in the next five years. Bombardier’s true nature of delivering Bombardier I am extremely confident in our ability to win high-quality products that are safe, reliable our share of these contracts. and on-time is the recent delivery in July of We continue to see a great deal of For instance, nine of the ten busiest our first LRV in Edmonton. Q mergers and acquisition activity airports in the United States have chosen We are building trust one delivery at a time within the global rolling stock sector. Bombardier for their automated transit with a great team and great products to meet Where do you see Bombardier’s systems. We have one of the largest footprints our commitment to our customers. future and what is its key in North America, which is a testimony of our differentiator in an increasingly commitment to this market. Although the LRVs you are consolidated supply sector? Q supplying for other Canadian The delays to the LRV order for systems are badged as part of the While some of our competitors are Q the TTC have been covered Flexity range, what detail differences A focused on merging, we remain focused extensively in both the national and do they have with vehicles that you and agile. Over the past two-and-a-half years, international media – what effect do are supplying for European or Bombardier Transportation has been you think this has had, if any, on Australasian cities? successful in executing its transformation Bombardier’s reputation? plan. We have improved our cost structure The vehicles are very similar as they are and our profitability, while continuing to win From the time I joined Bombardier A based on the Flexity platform that has new orders. A Transportation two years ago as proven itself over the last 20 years. At present, This is not an industry where size matters. President of the Americas Region, solving the over 4000 Flexity LRVs are moving millions I am proud of the breadth of mobility delivery issues in Toronto has been on top of of people around the world every year. solutions Bombardier Transportation my priority list. Since then – with a new This proven design was adapted to can provide to its customers including leadership team – we have launched our respond to specific weather conditions of the rolling stock, signalling and operation turnaround plan and made a CAD20m Canadian market, with the major difference and maintenance. Our customer base and (EUR13m) investment to add a second being the type of steel used in the carbody footprint span over 60 sites globally and we assembly line in Ontario, along with structure, which is a duplex type stainless are present in all relevant rail markets. additional major structure manufacturing in steel compared to a more conventional black Quebec, to deliver on our commitment to steel carbody. Bombardier will be taking Torontonians. The HVAC and electrical systems were also part in this year’s InnoTrans The results are compelling: we multiplied modified to be more effective in extreme exhibition See page 370 our delivery capacity by four. We delivered temperature variations.

378 / october 2018 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org Florence FIRENZE’S TRAMWAY ’s first electrified tramline, the Firenze - Fiesole RENAISSANCE line, seen near San Domenico, 1890. Alessandro Fantechi and Giovanni Mantovani explore the reintroduction of the tramway in this magnificent Italian city – and its continuing success and expansion.

he city of Florence (Firenze) linking two different comuni, this was is famous as the birthplace of the nucleus of an urban electrified the renaissance, and has many network that had replaced the horse- outstanding museums and drawn tramways by 1899. By the cultural sights, also counting both middle years of the 1920s, the system Tfood and fashion as major tourist attractions. comprised 26 urban electric lines and With a population of over 380 000, the five interurban steam-powered lines, capital of the region of Tuscany is also one running on around 200km (125 of Italy’s most prosperous. miles) of mostly single-track routes. The first tramway was inaugurated on From 1938 the network had already 5 April 1879; horse-drawn, it linked the city been reduced by replacement, brought widespread destruction of the centre to Peretola. Horse-drawn tramlines particularly on the lines to the northern bridges over the river Arno, as well as soon expanded to cover the city, while hills (Fiesole, Trespiano, Settignano), many areas close to sensitive objectives, steam-hauled were also being followed by some lines to new areas of and was even stolen by the opened, starting with the one to the town residential and industrial expansion to the retiring German Army, stopping those plans. of (around 25km/15.5 miles to the flatlands of the east and the west, and later A rapid reconstruction of the network and north-west) in October of the same year. by the first diesel . some rebuilding of two-axle cars ensured Steam locomotives were not conveniently Mostly operated with two-axle trams, the continuation of the tramway for capable of attacking the steep slopes of aided by trailers on the extra-urban lines, the another decade. the route to Fiesole however so, after network saw experiments and planning in As in many other Western European cities, consideration of conversion to electric traction the 1940s to replace the fleet with modern the advance of the diesel bus easily won over throughout the 1880s, on 19 September 1890 bogie cars; a programme of reconstruction of an ageing street-running, often single-track, the first electric tramway line in Italy – linking some cars with modern bodies and automatic Sirio 1003 rounds the tight curve in Piazza Firenze with Fiesole – began revenue service. doors was undertaken as an intermediate Dalmazia, heading towards Viale Morgagni on the T1 Technically an interurban line, since it was step. World War Two extension, 22 July 2018. A. Fantechi

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network served by obsolete vehicles. At 01.15 on 20 January 1958, the last tram of the only surviving line returned to the depot to join a dormant fleet that would be scrapped in the coming months, leaving no examples for preservation purposes. The ‘tram sferraglianti’ (metal-rattling tramways) were soon forgotten in favour of modern-looking diesel buses at a time when air pollution was not an issue on the mainstream agenda. Yet they were not forgotten in the common language – even today, many Florentines use the term “prendo il tram” when boarding an urban bus. The remaining trolleybus network, together with the replacement bus services, was in full operation by that time by municipal operator ATAF (Azienda Trasporti dell’Area Fiorentina – founded on 1 January 1946), with rails already removed from the streets of the historic city centre in 1958, and covered by asphalt during Airport the years to follow elsewhere. The only eye-catching novelty would have been the fleet of nearly 50 double-decker buses in the early 1960s that served the most crowded routes through the narrow central roads. The trolleybus network closed in the early 1970s, with several vehicles sent to the Greek city of Athens, leaving a bus-only network that later operated 100 articulated vehicles on the longest and most crowded lines to the peripheral urban centres, from the mid-1980s.

Developing T1 The growing awareness of urban mobility problems led the municipality to consider the possibility of realising a modern mass transit system in the 1980s. As in other European cities, two opposing solutions were considered: light metro (to be built Line T2 underground) and a modern tramway. To be opened In 1996 a solution based on a fast tram within 2018 system – or light rail transit as we might call it now – prevailed, and was confirmed in the town plan revision of 1998. This tramway programme could also benefit from an agreement with the Italian State Railways (Ferrovie dello Stato – FS) which entailed economic contributions and engineering services as compensation to the city MAIN RAILWAY STATION (SANTA because of the disruption associated with MARIA NOVELLA) construction of the high-speed railway line. A mobility plan defining the network was approved in 1999, consisting of three Historic lines: two diametral (west to east, Scandicci centre – Rovezzano, and north to east, Careggi – TOP: Track Viale Europa) and one radial (north-west construction in Line T1 Line T1 Viale Talenti, May MilanMotorway – Naples A1 Section New section 2008. G. Mantovani opened 2010

ABOVE: The Sirio fleet lines up at the new depot in Scandicci, ready for the beginning of tramway service on 13 February LEGEND 2010. G. Mantovani Tram line RIGHT: An example of Train line the grassed reservation used Stop on the first T1 Scandicci section, close to Depot the main Scandicci stop in November 2013. G. Mantovani

380 / october 2018 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org to downtown, from the city’s international and partial redesigns. Grooved rails with port quay, as well as walls of as yet unknown airport to Piazza Beccaria). concrete embedded bi-block sleepers were origin have been found and required Construction began on the radial western laid to standard gauge, using elastomeric investigation and preservation. Another stretch of the first line, from the Scandicci support pads in areas sensitive to noise and source of delay and cost increase came from terminus to the main railway station, Santa vibration. A variety of surface finishes are difficulties in disposal of contaminated soil Maria Novella, with EUR250m in financing seen depending on location: porphyry setts discovered during the excavations. Short obtained from the State, the Municipalities in the historic city centre; sedum mats on interruptions were also undertaken at the of Florence and Scandicci, and in smaller peripheral avenues of the Scandicci stretch; request of shopkeepers keen to not impede proportion, the European Union and synthetic resin-bonded grit to imitate park customers’ access during periods of greater State Railways. A limited batch of works paths on the section around Cascine Park commercial activity. started in 2001, with the bulk beginning in features; with the remainder and road The first 7.7km (4.8-mile) section was 2004, including the creation of a depot and crossings featuring an asphalt top layer. inaugurated on 14 February 2010 as line workshop appropriately sized for the future The line, and subsequent extensions, are T1, with an additional 600m branch to the extension of the network. electrified at 750V dc via overhead power supply. depot, near the Villa Costanza terminus in Various difficulties were encountered Construction was further hindered Scandicci. Between the two termini there during the works, which consequently (common in street-running tramway were 12 stops, with distances between lasted longer than expected. The project and light rail projects) by the diversion 312m and 1023m, according to the density underwent numerous changes, due to new of unexpected utilities and significant of residences and other urban functions. requirements of local administrations and archaeological discoveries: the remains of All stops feature waiting shelters, digital the intended operator, which caused delays an Etruscan house, an 18th Century river information displays, CCTV and ticket Airport

Passengers crowd the platforms during the ‘Big Snow’ of December 2010; with streets blocked and cars at a standstill the tramway helped to keep the city moving. G. Mantovani Line T2 To be opened within 2018

MAIN RAILWAY STATION (SANTA MARIA NOVELLA)

Historic centre

Line T1 Line T1 MilanMotorway – Naples A1 Section opened 2010 New section

LEGEND Tram line Train line Stop Scandicci Depot Tram 2024 at Careggi terminus in March 2018 on gauging tests. The sign on the side translates to ‘Here it is!’. A Fantechi

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vending machines, and are laid to either island or side platform layouts depending on the road configuration. The original Alamanni terminus, now a stop, was located by a side entrance of the main railway station, allowing easy interchange with rail services. The Scandicci terminus, near the A1 (Milan – Naples) motorway, was subsequently completed with a large car and bus interchange parking facility. Along the line, five important structures have been created: a bridge across the Arno river (124m long and reserved for trams, pedestrians and bicycles), the widening of a pre-existing bridge across the Greve river and, to eliminate critical and complex crossings, two subways and a viaduct. The first section is basically level, with significant slopes (up to 7%) only on some short ramps. Sirio 2036 in advertising livery coasting the on 1 August. G. Mantovani A decision was taken to preclude other vehicles from the tram lanes (with the 30-year concession from the opening of new was also achieved, confirmed by a 2012 exception of emergency vehicles and only on lines. The first section met with great success, study with 24% of passengers declaring that paved stretches) and to provide all crossings, with patronage reaching 44 000 weekday they were car or motorcycle users before the vehicular and pedestrian, with traffic lights passengers within a few years, against a tramway opened. controlled by a centralised tram priority forecast of about 30 000. It is interesting to system based on arrival forecast. Thus, safety note that the load diagram during the day T1 – The second phase is ensured, together with good commercial is almost flat, an important goal for public In 2005, with works on the first line speed (19.5km/h) and regular headways. transport and seldom achieved. This shows underway, the City signed a concession The tramway is operated and maintained how T1 has attracted many non-systematic with Tram di Firenze S.p.A. (a consortium by GEST, an RATP Dev company (initially a users, usually the most difficult to attract to constituted of RATP, ATAF – subsequently joint venture of ATAF and RATP Dev), under a public transport. A significant modal shift substituted by an investor – civil engineers and the rolling stock manufacturer) for the design, construction and operation of the two new lines towards the Careggi hospital and the Airport, as well as operation of the expanded network. The actual start of the works for the T1 extension from Santa Maria Novella to Careggi hospital (for a long time known as ) and for the T2 line, from the Airport to Piazza dell’Unità close to the city’s historic centre, dates back to 2007. That was when utility relocation was carried out in two main streets where the two lines should have been built. From the beginning protests against the necessary removal of several trees in Viale Morgagni fuelled anti-tram sentiment, and the works did not progress further for years, plagued by delays, political fighting and cashflow problems. The stretch of line 2 due to serve the historical centre, passing by the 15th Century Duomo, was cancelled by the new city council in 2009 when the area surrounding the Duomo – a UNESCO World Heritage site – was pedestrianised and closed to all motor vehicle traffic. This cutback did not help as the economic structure supporting the development of the tramway lines was in part based upon the revenue foreseen from the important tourist traffic for the area. Eventually construction resumed and (slowly) proceeded, and the firstSirio tram reached Careggi to start testing on the evening of 9 February 2018, placed on the tracks from the back of a truck since the rails connecting the new section to the existing line and the depot were not yet ready. The extension opened to the public on Monday 16 July, with free rides offered on this section for two weeks. The extension is on reserved right of TOP: Via Tavanti, showing the coming together of the two tracks after running in parallel streets. A. Fantechi way for its full length, but features more ABOVE: A central island platform in Via Guasti: the yellow sign tells the driver to open the left-hand side intersections with car traffic than the doors. G. Mantovani existing section of T1 as it runs in a denser

382 / october 2018 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org Eastbound and westbound services pass on the impressive bridge of the River Arno, created for the tramway project – on 19 March 2013. G. Mantovani

Rolling stock Produced by AnsaldoBreda ( since November 2015), the Sirio has been used by the Florence tramway since the beginning. It is a family of modular, multi-articulated, 100% low-floor vehicles (entrance height at 350mm urban environment, with narrower roads. Given the size of the hospital, it was above the top of the rail) which serves four other For this reason, in order to allow access for decided to continue laying tracks to Italian cities (Milano, Bergamo, Napoli and Sassari) emergency vehicles, a paved surface has been directly serve its northern part, which as well as systems in Greece, Turkey and China. preferred over the grassed reservation used includes the important Meyer children’s The latter are built under licence by CRCC Dalian. for large sections of the Scandicci –Alamanni hospital. But these plans did not materialise Here it is a double-ended 32m version with five stretch. Operating speeds are also lower here and, in the opinion of the authors, this sections, the second and fourth suspended from for the same reason; around 14km/h (9mph). was a missed opportunity as the tram the adjacent bodies; motor are located under the first and fifth sections with a trailing The new tracks join those already laid service could have been designed to better bogie under the middle section. The traction behind the church of Santa Maria Novella in penetrate the hospital campus, already partly system is equipped with two IGBT inverters for front of the main and – after a pedestrianised, to provide a far better and each motor bogie, rated at 106kW. delta junction that will be used by the T2 line more convenient service. At 2.4m wide, each vehicle has a capacity for to reach its Piazza dell’Unità terminus – the Given the key passenger generators along 210 passengers, 42 seated plus eight folding seats, trams reach another stop on the other side of the line as listed above, the opportunities at the acceptable density of four passengers/m2. the station, opposite the already operating for significantly growing patronage on T1 Four wheelchair places are also provided. Like all Alamanni stop, and serving the Palazzo are obvious. The first weeks of service have Sirio variants, these have air conditioning, with separate equipment for cabs and saloons. Congressi as well. shown positive results. The first 17 are numbered 1001-17 and to cover The new line then passes the Fortezza da Overall, T1 now runs for 11.5km (7.1 the needs of the T1 extension and line T2, a Basso, a 14th Century fortification that now miles), with 22 stops between the two termini further 29 trams of the same type (2018-46), hosts the main exposition and trade centre in each direction (two stops are in the section have been added (22 plus 7). of Florence, with two nearby stops located of the line where the two directions run in It is worth noting that lessons learned from the over two road underpasses. The first was built separate streets, hence are doubled). first line have resulted in the development of an 15 years ago with the aim of giving easier improved wheel profile for T2 and the extension access to the Fortezza without crossing the A continuation of this article, covering the of T1, eliminating the raised groove in the switch heavy traffic of the previous boulevard; the opening of T2 and the city’s plans for future frogs and to improve the quality of wheel-rail contact. The tyre width was also modified from other was an integral part of the tramway tramway development, will appear in a future 84mm to 105mm and the radius of the tyre- construction, and its surface hosts a new issue of TAUT. flange transition has been adjusted. garden surrounding the tramstop. Tyres on trams from the initial delivery have Next it proceeds along the long straight been changed to match and the track of the first road named in its first stretch via dello stretch has been checked to avoid contacts of Statuto, cutting under the Firenze – Roma the tyre out of the rail. railway and the regional train stop Statuto, with a tramstop nearby. This road, with its central line of trees from the 1930s, was completely renewed as part of the tramway project which runs in central reservation, with a new line of trees to replace the ones that had to be removed. At the upper end of this road, with its steep slope, the route diverges using Via Vittorio Emanuele towards Careggi and via Pisacane in the opposite direction, joining again in Piazza Dalmazia, the commercial heart of the Rifredi district. The last straight run follows Viale Morgagni, where a stop serves the student houses and University premises before arriving outside the newly-built entrance of the Careggi Hospital, the largest Trams of the first and second generation at the new northern T1 terminus with the new entrance to the such facility in Tuscany. Careggi Hospital in the background; this hospital is one of the largest in the country. A. Fantechi

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System closures are exceeded by post-1945 systems Bydgoszcz extensions and a major 2016 addition in what factfile POLAND is now Poland’s No. Bydgoszcz, main tram building 132 Poland centre.

ydgoszcz is Poland’s limited company under city ownership Representative of mainly for repair and overhaul. In the eighth-biggest city, since 1998. There is a common if the system – old and 21st Century this vast site has become located around 225km complex fare structure for trams new at Bydgoszcz better known for manufacturing the Wschód station. (141 miles) north-west of and buses; wholly separate ticketing heavy and light rail vehicles of Pesa This elevated stop the capital, . It has a applies to local heavy rail services. and interchange Bydgoszcz SA. Although Pesa products populationB of 354 000 and shares the Founded in 1346, Bydgoszcz opened as part of the have attracted many customers capital role for Kuyavian-Pomeranian extends along both banks of the Brde Fordon extension in both in the domestic market and Voivodeship (province) with the river which overall runs east-west January 2016. increasingly overseas, disruption of smaller city of Toru . A military on a course modified for navigation. income led to state intervention in incursion in 1760 foreshadowed long It is near where the Brde joins the 2018 to support long-term operation. periods of Prussian/German control, Wisla/Vistula, Poland’s longest river. Amongst Pesa’s clients is the home city with Bydgoszcz becoming Bromberg Waterways helped to establish the system which, at its closest point to the – the name under which the city saw settlement as a trading centre and the works, passes the Bydgoszcz Główna the introduction of trams. Not the first position of bridges has influenced the entrance on the railway’s south side. restoration of the Polish identity, it has tramway’s current configuration. The station’s location well to the been Bydgoszcz since 1945. Bydgoszcz is on the Gdansk – north-west of the city centre created Public transport and the area’s roads Pozna railway line, one of several the demand leading to the first are controlled by a municipal authority, routes running through the main tramway. Initially horse-drawn, this ZDMIKP. The transport operator is station, Bydgoszcz Główna. This is connection which opened in May Miejskie Zakłady Komunikacyjne w overlooked on the northern side by Words and pictures 1888 remains in today’s metre-gauge Bydgoszczy (MZK), constituted as a the railway works, previously used by Neil Pulling. system, albeit partly using a new

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THE FLEET

The most numerous type in the all-domestic, uni-directional fleet remains the Konstal 105Na, with over 100 examples (numbered from 201). They are from a wide spread of the 1979-92 production run in Chorzów, Silesia, and operate singly or as pairs. Stock renewal only became substantial upon infrastructure extension and modernisation. Pesa’s Tramicus 121N was tested in Bydgoszcz, although the only six of this type in service are on the Elbląg system around 180km (110 miles) to the north. The first MZK low-floor trams in normal service were two of the longer 122N version, 364-365, from 2008. It was not until 2016 and under the Fordon project that more new trams, by then from Pesa’s Swing range, joined the fleet. These 100% low-floor, air- conditioned trams are 12 five-section, 30.1m 122NaB (111-122) and six three-section, 19.35m 121NaB cars (170-175) dating from 2017. The three more recent of the 121NaB were the first deliveries from a 2017 contract that includes 15 more of the longer version. Blue, red and white feature in the tram livery, albeit in very different proportions on the Pesa and Konstal vehicles; some of Prompting the initial tramway, the main railway station was without trams for many years. the latter have all-over advertising. Bydgoszcz Główna rejoined the system in 2012.

ABOVE: An early Pesa venture in the tram market, this 2003 Konstal 805Na remodelling created the only examples of type 805Nm, allocated numbers 362 and 363.

LEFT: A single Konstal 805Na moves through the spaciously laid out junction near Szarych Szeregów.

RIGHT: A Konstal pair leaving Most Władysława Jagiełły, the bridge created for the new line giving access to the station.

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org october 2018 / 385 Bydgoszcz

route. By 1896 electric trams were spacious junctions within major road introduced, becoming a 12km intersections. The following of such (7.5-mile) operation a decade later. roads and the naming convention During the inter-war Polish for stops explains the recurrence Republic, Bydgoszcz took the system of certain names like Toru ska and into municipal ownership in 1928. Akademicka, coupled with the A short-lived trolleybus installation intersecting road name. was amongst the transport changes The city’s historic centre around brought under German occupation in the main square (Stary Rynek) is just World War Two. Communist direction south of the river, in what local tourist up to 1989 saw the tramway extended information designates in English as to meet the demand brought by a the Old Town. A short section of rails growing population and spreading in a renewed bridge ramp represent urban area. This is exemplified by the former presence of trams on both ABOVE: Tramicus 365 and the recently in-service 121NaB 174 at lines extending from a delta junction sides of the Brde. Diminishing Old Toruńska depot storage sidings. near Szarych Szeregów stop, installed Town tram coverage led to complete to serve a spread of housing estates closure here when access from the BELOW: Having turned in the compound of the new depot, 344+345 around the city’s southern edge. river’s south bank was cut in 1973. are on non-revenue track approaching Łoskoń terminus. The rationale for the long The remaining connections between south-eastern reach is less apparent operations north and south of the Brde today, but it was influenced by the are both appreciably east of the city presence of industrial sites. Not all centre. This creates the potential for of these survive and generally far some rather indirect tram journeys. fewer people are employed in such North of the river around Plac districts. There is now the slight feel Teatralny is the tramway’s main of a heritage operation here, having east-west axis. Tagged for tourism as undulating track and with vegetation Downtown, this area with some of brushing the tram side in summer. Bydgoszcz’s finest buildings has the The loop at Ł gnowo terminus most intensive tram coverage. It also edges open countryside. This and accounts for the approximately 20% the wooded surroundings of the of the system in shared road-space. northerly Las Gda ski terminus At the southern end of tracks along are very different from those lines Ulica (Ul. / street) Gda ska, this early ending amongst housing estates part of the system previously included or by major roads. Contrasting access for the original station line. with some tightly-positioned city Fears about a gas pipeline’s safety led sections that originated in the early to ending public tram operations at tramway, the system features several the city end of that line.

LEFT: 1988-built 348 + 349 Konstal DEPOT 805Na on the Fordon extension at Bajka. 3 Łoskoń 5

Niepodległości 7 10

1 Las Gdański Akademicka / 2 Rejewskiego 10

Stadion Zawisza 5 8 Rycerska

Bydgoszcz Gdańska / 4 1 Główna Chodkiewicza 6 3 Bielawy Bydgoszcz Wschód

Wilczak Rondo Jagiellonów Nakielska / Rondo Wrzesińska Garbary Plac Fordońskie Teatralny Toruńska / Perłowa

2 Rondo Stomil Toruńskie DEPOT 9 Rondo (Toruńska) 9 Kujawskie Szarych Szeregów

7 8 Kapuściska 6 Łęgnowo Glinki 4

386 / october 2018 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org

Near where the original network facts station route entered the city, Konstal 805Na 300 + O pened: 1888 (electric 1896) 301 head south on Gdańska. Lines: 10 Depots: 2 Length: 40.8km (25.5 miles) Approx. weekday hours: 05.00-23.00 Main frequencies: 10 or 20 minutes Gauge: 1000mm Power: 600V dc, overhead supply Fleet: Approx. 130 C ity network/operator: MZK w Bydgoszczy –www.mzk.bydgoszcz.pl Service information: www.zdmikp.bydgoszcz.pl C ivic information: www.bydgoszcz.pl T ourist information: www.visitbydgoszcz.pl

Empty stock movements continued for some time due to continuing use of Zygmunta Augusta depot (now closed), sited west of the main station. It was not until 2012 that the station rejoined the system via a longer route than previously used. New track diverged from Ul. Dworcowa (Station Street) at the southern end onto a new alignment which included a new Brde crossing, Most Władysława Jagiełły. This cable-stayed 83m bridge is also available to cyclists and pedestrians.

A Konstal pair at Rondo Toruńskie between two staples of Polish retailing, a kiosk and a hypermarket. The latter format has influenced the tramway’s modern development. “Bydgoszcz appears set to continue its light rail coverage, with potential extensions identified to the south-west as well as a third river crossing. ”

ABOVE: Inside 1985-built Konstal 805Na 311. The Pesa works are to the right, on the opposite side of the railway tracks. LEFT: Then Bydgoszcz's newest tram, Pesa 121NaB 175 near Focha / Opera on 6 June 2018.

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org october 2018 / 387 Bydgoszcz essential facts Local travel: Modern ticket machines can be found at prominent locations, including the main station. There are many agency outlets, but these may not have the full fares range in stock. Single journey tickets from PLN3 (EUR0.7); one-hour passes at PLN4.20 (EUR1); 24 hours at PLN12 (EUR2.80). All tickets require validation upon boarding.

What is there to see? Tourist information is at Stary Rynek, the reconstructed Old Town Square that is likely to attract most visitors, as does the adjoining riverside/canal area. There is also a ‘Water Tram’ boat service along the more picturesque stretches, April-September, with separate fares. There is a great deal of public art in the Old Town and Downtown areas. For heritage/tourist tram and bus services visit www.zdmikp.bydgoszcz.pl – using the Rozkład Jazdy (timetable) tab. The city of Toruń also features a tramway, and lies 40km (25 miles) and 50 minutes away by train from Bydgoszcz.

ABOVE: Pesa’s The line west of the junction created for includes storage sidings and inspection Tramicus was the new station contains the system’s facilities. Marking a substantial change the first low-floor only single-track section, about 500m in motive power, 12 trams type to join the approaching Wilczak terminus. were included in the project which Bydgoszcz fleet; 364 leaves the Bielawy A new 9.5km (5.9-mile) line serving was delivered by special-purpose branch at Gdańska the Fordon district, north-east of company, Tramwaj Fordon Spółka. Chodkiewicza. Bydgoszcz, joined the system in Trackside signs and tram vinyls mark LEFT: Some of January 2016. Now with around 75 000 the substantial funding contribution Bydgoszcz's oldest residents and growing, Fordon became from the European Union. trams, 1981-built part of Bydgoszcz in 1973. Plans for The system’s main maintenance 271+272 pass a tram connection between the two and storage facility remains Toru ska, Toruńska depot. long predated their union. The new next to the Stomil-Ł gnowo line. It 13-stop line extended from existing opened in 1959 and has had upgrades. route around Bydgoszcz Wschód There are ten regular lines (1-10), (East) station which was rebuilt to with most passing through the create an interchange on the elevated Downtown area; the majority have a tram crossing of the railway. 20-minute interval. Line 9 is restricted The curved viaduct can be used by to peak-time reinforcing services tram replacement buses if required. south of the river. The longest service Around 2.6km (1.6 miles) separates is line 3 at 18.3km (11.4 miles) and Bydgoszcz Wschód and the next stop taking 44 minutes between Łosko to the east, Akademicka / Rejewskiego. and Wilczak. At Focha/Opera stop, This gives the extension a strong the location gets appropriate audio interurban nature, heightened by on the Swing trams with a burst of sparse development and the tracks Rossini’s William Tell Overture. being segregated from the nearby Subject to permissions and busy road. Services are split between finance, Bydgoszcz appears set to two eastern termini, Niepodległo ci continue light rail coverage. Potential and Łosko . For the latter, trams run extensions have been identified that ABOVE: Two pairs at semi-rural Łęgnowo, due to problems with beyond the stop to turn inside the include new lines in the south-west 346+347. The service was terminated at the stop before the depot. compound of the new depot which and a third river crossing.

LEFT: Plac Teatralny, where track near the buildings in the background used to reach into the Old Town.

RIGHT: A Pesa 122NaB Swing between services at Rycerska. Giving a more spacious turning area, this extension was added with the new station route.

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AUSTRALIA Aspergasse, due for completion in ADELAIDE. Driver training September 2019. EB on the city tramway extensions resumed on 6 August, and it was BELGIUM hoped to start passenger service on ANTWERPEN. Route 12 was 19 August. However this was not cut back to operate Astridplein achieved and has been delayed to – Halenstraat (Schijnpoort) an unknown date while efforts from 1 September, and operated continued to resolve technical by six double-ended ex-Gent problems with the tram/traffic PCCs. Tramline 70 (Eilandje – light interface. I. Hammond P+R Luchtbal) was due to start . The 8km (five- carrying passengers from 15 mile) suburban rail extension September. T-2000 from South Merang to Mernda BRUXELLES/BRUSSEL. was opened on 26 August; this Planning permission has been AUD588m (EUR364m) project given for the rebuild of Albert is part of the level crossing pre-metro station to become (in elimination programme. 2023) a full metro station, with With new tram tenders soon to be issued, the German city of Nürnberg has been testing a München Siemens Avenio alongside one of its refurbished Bombardier On 28 August the Victoria interchange to tram lines 4 and NGT8 trams. VAG Government unveiled plans for an 51. On 29 September tramline underground suburban rail loop 94 will be renumbered 8, and the 504 King and 514 Cherry from Werribee to Cheltenham extended from Woluwe (Tram lines were to be revised to provide ODENSE. Tracklaying for the new via Fawkner and Box Hill that Museum) to Roodebeek (metro two overlapping services: 504A tramline started by the Spanish could be built from 2022. If the line 1 interchange). Dundas West Station – Distillery company COMSA on 30 July. SHS current government wins the OOSTENDE. The hot weather Loop; 504B, Broadview Station – November election, AUD300m during July and August saw a Dufferin loop. All workings should DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (EUR185.7m) will be invested record 3.7m passengers use be in the hands of Flexity trams. SANTO DOMINGO. Alstom has in a feasibility study. RGI the coastal tramway during D. Drum, S. Munro delivered six more three-car metro NEWCASTLE. The first of six these months. In 2017 the total trains for the extension of line 2 33m CAF Urbos 100 trams were patronage for the year was 4.2m. CHINA from Eduardo Brito to Carrera shipped from Spain in early August The next phase of the CHANGCHUN. The 22.8km Mella. This 3.6km (2.2-mile) to be delivered in September. construction of a new four- (14.2-mile) east–west underground extension was opened on 8 August Sydney Morning Herald track undercover tram station metro line 2 from Donfang by President Danilo Medina. RGI PERTH. Three bidders have been at Oostende took place on Square to Shuagfeng opened on shortlisted for the AUD1.6bn 17 September with temporary 30 August. The line is operated with EGYPT (EUR990.5m) contract to single-line working to permit the 1500V dc overhead. urbanrail.net EL QAHIRA (Cairo). Loan deliver and maintain 41 six-car new tracks to be connected to the funding of EUR605m, including 1067mm-gauge EMUs: Alstom, existing lines. EUR205m from the European CAF/UGL and Bombardier/EDI The Trammelant festival at BOGOTÁ. Metro de Bogotá has Bank for Reconstruction and Rail. Assembly will be at a new De Haan saw ex-Gent PCC 26 invited prequalification bids Development, was announced factory in Bellevue. Delivery carrying passengers on the coastal and expects to award a Design, on 1 August to provide urgent should start in 2021. IRJ tramway for the first time.T-2000 Finance, Build, Operate and rehabilitation work on the 42.5km Maintain contract in 2019, with (26.5-mile) metro line 1 and AUSTRIA BULGARIA opening planned for 2024. increase its capacity by 40%. IRJ INNSBRUCK. The opening SOFIA. Czech manufacturer CZ The USD4.4bn project involves of new tramlines 2 and 5 has Loko has delivered two MUV 74 the construction of a 24km FINLAND been postponed to early 2019 M-S track maintenance vehicles (15-mile) elevated line, will require HELSINKI. The first of the due to delayed delivery of new for the city’s metro. One has a 23 trains and is underpinned by prototype Artic trams sold to Bombardier Flexity trams. BS work platform for overhead line funding agreements with three Schöneiche in Germany left LINZ. Wednesday 4 July saw the maintenance, while the other international groups (the World Helsinki by road on 19 August. DS ground-breaking ceremony for the features a snowplough for surface Bank, European Investment new Donau bridge that will carry sections of the network. RGI Bank and Inter-American FRANCE tram-trains from autumn 2020. TR Development Bank). RGI BORDEAUX. Five more 44m ST PÖLTEN – MARIAZELL. On CANADA Alstom Citadis trams have been 26 June the narrow-gauge train of MONTRÉAL. The private transit CZECH REPUBLIC ordered for delivery immediately Himmelstreppe sets ET5 and 6 company has secured a CAD1.28bn OSTR AVA. The first two of 30 after the 25 currently under derailed at 55km/h (35mph) on (EUR838m) loan from Canada new Stadler Tango (nOVA) 24.9m construction. This will bring the a 35km/h (22mph) curve near Infrastructure Bank to build the LRVs entered passenger service on fleet of Citadis to 130 trams. RHB Pielachbrücke, destroying the REM light metro system. D. Drum 13 August on . traminfo.pl NANTES. After two months of former and severely damaging the TORONTO. Flash flooding PRAHA. Tenders have been closure, tramline 1 re-opened latter. Of the 80 people on board, from heavy rain on the night of invited for 124 air-conditioning on 27 August with 900m of new 30 were injured. 7-8 August caused part of subway units to re-equip the first batch track and rebuilt stops at Gare On the same day the Mayor line 1 to be shut down, while tram of Škoda 15T trams that were and Duchesse-Anne. Tenders have of Waidhof and his deputy and 4471 was caught in a flooded delivered without this equipment. been invited for 46 trams up to driver were injured when a VT12 underpass on King St West. During civic rehabilitation work 48m long (with two options, each service collided with their car on It had to be towed in and dried around the National Museum at for 15 more trams). Bids were to a level crossing. Service resumed out. Nine of the new Flexity trams the top of Václavské nám, a new close on 20 September. lineoz.net on 3 July, but some journeys are were also damaged by water section of tram track will be laid PARIS. The first test run on the bus operated due to the rolling entering their interiors. Some will in preparation for the future return EUR211m, 4.3km (2.7-mile), stock shortage. EB be sent away for repair. of trams to the square (and closer extension of tramline T3 ran on WIEN (Vienna). Tracklaying New LRVs up to 4497 had been to the railway station). The new 18 August between Porte de la started in June for the 900m delivered by the end of August, track is unlikely to be connected to Chapelle and Porte d’Asnieres. extension of line D from with 4500 expected in the second any other track for many months An eight-minute passenger Alfred-Adler-Strasse to week of September. From 7 October traminfo.pl, A. Prescott service will start on 24 November.

390 / OCTOBER 2018 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org A further 3.2km (two miles) to 22 Siemens Avenio trams was Porte Dauphine should be ready completed on 3 August with in 2023. Le Parisien the arrival of 2709 and 2759. SAINTE-MARIE – SAIN- Despite this the type P four-axle DENIS. After rejecting a more sets can still be seen on two line expensive 40km (25-mile) 15 workings on Monday-Friday tram-train project three years 06.30-20.00, since none of the ago, the Réunion region has new Avenio have been cleared to now published details of a enter service. F. Buchleitner planned 9.1km (5.7-mile) NÜRNBERG (Nuremburg). east–west tramway from Bertin München Avenio 2801 to Duparc, expected to cost (Siemens) and Krakow Flexity EUR300m, with the aim of 818 (Bombardier) arrived for carrying passengers in 2024. demonstration on 25 August, The Ecotram project is described when both were displayed by some sources as a monorail, alongside refurbished Nürnberg but visuals show a conventional NGT8 1011 at St Peter depot. The latest design of new tram from Japanese builder Alna Koki has entered tramway. Patronage is estimated The Avenio carried passengers service in the city of Sapporo. H. Usui at 30 000 passengers/day. the following day and until 2 A EUR5m feasibility study is September on a special route three-car trains. Fares were payable financed by a mixture of local, underway. Région Réunion incorporating parts of lines from 1 August. state and EU funding. RGI ST ÉTIENNE. Trams did not 4, 6 and 8. The Flexity was not During the Asian Games priority FIRENZE. The city has been operate between Hôpital Nord cleared to carry passengers as it was given to athletes and officials. allocated EUR47m in state and Place du Peuple from is 2.4m wide compared with the There were several breakdowns funding for the construction 2 July-26 August to permit the Nürnberg standard of 2.3m. VAG during the initial period, and of tramline T4 (12km/7.5 junction to be installed for is planning to order 12 (option 73) service was suspended from miles Campi Bisenzio – Porta new line 3, and various other trams for delivery by 2024. DS 3 September to an unknown date al Prato FS). Line T2, 5.3km/ works taking advantage of the WUPPERTAL. N e w in October. Detikfinance 3.3 miles Piazza dell’Unita temporary closure. Y. Allain Schwebebahn cars 12 and 13 d’Italia–Aeroporto Peretola) entered service on 16 August IRELAND is now expected to open in GERMANY (over a year after delivery), but DUBLIN. The visit of Pope mid-November. RGI BERLIN. Wednesday 8 August were not permitted to exceed Francis over the 25-26 August GENOVA. State funding of saw a farewell tour for KT4D party 30km/h (19mph), increasing the weekend saw free travel on all EUR137.8m has been allocated to tram 4592 (ex-6014), delivered by 31-minute journey time to 37 forms of public transport for provide 11 more metro trainsets, ČKD Tatra in 1982. H. Tschirner minutes. The restriction was lifted those travelling to Phoenix Park and build one-station extensions DÜSSELDORF. Lines U71 and on 28 August. DS with tickets for the event. With at each end of the line. RGI 701 started using the new terminus many city centre roads closed to GENOVA – CASELLA (FGC). at S-Bhf Rath from 4 August. DS INDIA road traffic, Luas services were Summer 2018 saw the regular FRANKFURT-AM-MAIN. DELHI. Monday 6 August operated in sections on both operation of restored electric An order for 22 25m centre- saw the opening of the 8.1km days, depending when events railcar A2 (Carminati e Toselli, sections have been ordered (five-mile) Pink line 7 metro were scheduled. 1929) between Genova and from Bombardier to lengthen extension from Durgabai Casella Paese on Saturdays. TR U5-50 LRVs. DS Deshmukh South Campus MILANO. A further EUR90m HAMBURG. A planning to Lajapt Nagar, including DOUGLAS. Former horse car 34, has been allocated towards the application has been submitted interchanges with lines 2 and 6. IRJ one of the cars sold off at auction purchase of 50 new double-ended for the 2.6km (1.6-mile) U-Bahn MUMBAI. A tender for 63 by Douglas Borough Council in trams, bringing total state aid to extension from Hormer Rennbahn six-car metro sets for lines 2A 2016, has been converted into EUR150m. RGI to Dannerallee. The EUR465m and 7 attracted bids from seven a road vehicle by mounting the SASSARI. EUR36m has been project should break ground by countries. A decision is due body onto a rubber-tyred chassis. made available for the 1.9km the end of 2019. IRJ in October. RGI It is now based at the Isle of (1.2-mile) tramway extension KASSEL. City centre routings Man Motor Museum at Jurby. from Santa Maria di Pisa to returned to normal from INDONESIA The museum says the tram can Marginesu. TR 9 September after completion of JAKARTA. The automated light be converted back into a railed TORINO. The Italian Ministry relaying of the Grand Union at metro line from Kelapa Gading vehicle in the future, as all of Infrastructure and Transport Am Stern and Königsstrasse. to Velodrome (5.8km/3.6 miles) running gear has been kept by has allocated EUR75m to the Low-floor tram 672 was opened on 10 August, just in time the owner who has loaned the city to help finance the purchase sent to Bombardier at Bautzen for the Asian Games (18 August- vehicle to the museum. of new trams. RGI on 28 August to have its 2 September). Hyundai Rotem has . accident-damaged A-section supplied two-car trains. The line In preparation for the September replaced. DS is planned to extend to 26.1km 125th Anniversary events, 1898 SAPPORO. New bogie tram 1101 KÖLN (Cologne). The first (16.2 miles). ratchet-braked tram 14 has been was unveiled at the depot on test run on the EUR12m Service had to be suspended on restored at Derby Castle and ran 30 August. The 13m 70% low- 600m extension of line 3 to 12 August however and passengers to Ramsey on test in August. floor car was built by Alna Koki Görlinger-Zentrum took place on evacuated due to malfunctions in Royal Saloon trailer 59 has and carries 24 seated passengers 21 August using -B the power and control systems, received a repaint in its original (60 in total). The first of two cars 2035+2310. Passenger and the problems could not be blue livery after work to the trams on order, 1101 should enter service started on 27 August resolved in time to provide service bodywork and trucks. service in October. H. Usui after an official inauguration on during the Games. A December Two stations on the Island’s 25 August. DS opening is now planned. steam railway are to be listed NETHERLANDS OBERHAUSEN. Route 112 was E. B. Havens on the protected buildings DEN HAAG. New ticket machines cut back from Sterkrade to PALEMBANG. The new light register: Port St Mary station and are being fitted to GTL trams Mülheim-West from 14 September metro line was inaugurated by Port Erin. 3101-47 that offer one-hour and to 29 November for replacement President Widodo on 13 July, and day tickets with payment by chip of the Thyssenbrücke. DS started carrying passengers free ITALY card or cash. Later in the year MÜNCHEN (). The of charge in a limited way from CATANIA. A fleet of 27 two-car ticket sales by the driver will be delivery of the current batch of 14.00 on 23 July, using eight metro trains is to be ordered, withdrawn. The three tramlines

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org OCTOBER 2018 / 391 Worldwide Review

The Stadler LRV that is entering service on the new through service across St Gallen from Trogen to Appenzell in Swtizerland. AB A rainbow of trams in Göteborg (Gothenburg), Sweden, ready for Pride. GS

6, 12 and 16 that cannot take to link Fabryczna, Kalisk and SOUTH KOREA GOSSAU – WASSERAUEN (AB). 2.55m-wide Avenio trams are not Zabieniec by 2022. traminfo.pl SEOUL. Hyundai Rotem is to The first of the new Stadler likely to be rebuilt for wider stock POZNÁN. Tu r k i s h c i v i l supply 50 two-car automated Walzer three-section trains for several years. OR engineering contractor metro sets for the 13.4km entered service on 6 August. ROTTERDAM. From 13 August Gulermak has been awarded a (8.3-mile) underground line from ST GALLEN – APPENZELL to 8 December trams PLN380m (EUR87.9m) contract Seongdong-gu to Nowon-gu. (AB). The first of 11AB8/12 Stadler are diverted away from to build a new tramline from The contract value is KRW365.1bn Tango 52.6m 59% low-floor LRVs Zaagmolenstraat and Plela Wilczak to Naramowice by (EUR280.9m) and includes entered service between Teufen Benthuizerstraat due to the end of 2021. traminfo.pl signalling and electrification. and Appenzell on 15 August. IRJ infrastructure work, using Completion is due in 2024. RGI Noordsingel instead. The same TAIWAN applies to Linker Rottekade, with LISBOA. To mark European SPAIN KAOHSIUNG. The first of 15 line 7 and 10 trams diverted to Mobility Week and 117 years of CÁDIZ. The latest official opening Alstom Citadis X05 trams was Goudsesingel/Boezemweg. OR tramway operation, a parade of date given for the Bahía de Cádiz shipped from Antwerpen on historic trams was operated twice tram-train operation is October 3 August and should have been NORTH KOREA on 16 September; CCFL cars 2018, with service expected delivered by now. The five-section PYONGYANG. At the beginning involved were 283, 330, 444, 508, between Cadiz and Chiclana. double-ended cars are fitted with of August the Chairman of the 535 and 802. P. R. Costa Other local media sources are Alstom’s Citadis Ecopack for on- Workers’ Party of North Korea, more pessimistic, claiming the board energy supply during Kim Jong Un, visited the capital’s RUSSIA opening date will not be until catenary-free operation. Bus Repair Factory to inspect a new KAZAN. The new metro station 31 March 2019. TR Stage 2 of the 13.4km (8.3-mile) trolleybus and a heavily-rebuilt Dubravnaya (interchange with circle line was 38% complete at tram. The three-section tram is tramline 4) was opened on 30 SWEDEN the end of July, with testing the first of 35 1990 TatraKT8D5K August, extending the line to 11 GÖTEBORG. M29 t r a m s expected to start in September. cars that have been given a new stations. transphoto.ru 806/9/17/27/41/59 were given Tropical storms saw severe body and new traction system MOSKVA. The western part of all-over artistic liveries over flooding across large parts of the using ac motors. Test running is in metro line 8 (temporarily 8A) rainbow base colours to mark city beginning on 24 August, with progress from Mangyongdae from Ramenki – Rasskazovka EuropaPride on 18-19 August. MfSS many transport arteries closed as depot. DS (14.2km/8.8 miles) opened on rainwaters rose. Kaohsiung Rapid 30 August, with a new depot at SWITZERLAND Transit Corporation continued PANAMA Solntsevo. Work continues on an BASEL. New Bombardier Flexity tram operations, despite minor PANAMA CITY. Metro line 3, extension to Vnukovo airport, low-floor tram 5034 was seriously track flooding. IRJ, Taiwan News a monorail, will be equipped due to open in 2023. urbanrail.net damaged when it was hit by a van by a joint venture of Hitachi, SAMARA. Tram operation along in St Louis on 21 August, derailed UKRAINE Mitsubishi Corp and Ansaldo Ulitsa Frunze ceased for a year and hit a traction standard. DONETSK. What is claimed as STS. The 26.7km (16.6-mile) line from 29 August to permit highway Be4/8 204/6/21/2/3/52 have the first new tram in the ‘Donetsk will be financed by a JPY29.5bn reconstruction. Service is diverted been sold to the German city of People’s Republic’ was rolled out (EUR228.2m) Japanese loan and via Ulitsa Pionerskaya and Ulitsa , and were dispatched by at the Donetsk Electrotechnical use 28 six–car trains. RGI Chapaevskaya. transphoto.ru road in August. DS Plant on 21 August, christened SANKT PETERBURG. With (RBS). The first of 14 60m DT-1 ‘I am from Donetsk’. POLAND the prototype Metelitsa tram now low-floor LRVs destined for lines The tram is in fact a heavy rebuild ELBLĄG. The number of Moderus under test on the main network S7 and S9 (Be4/10 10 01, named of 1980 Tatra T3 4119, withdrawn Beta on order has been increased (and the expanding ‘private’ Worbla) was delivered by Stadler last December. It is now being from three to four. traminfo.pl network taking delivery of this on 7 August. Each has 102 seats used on line 1; 4111 is now being ŁÓDŹ. The overhead on the type), Stadler has proposed to the and space for 380 standing. rebuilt similarly. transphoto.ru Lutomiersk line was stolen on city council that it build a tram They should start ZAPOROZHYE. The first of 12 3 August, resulting in the need to assembly plant in the city, in entering passenger service ex-Berlin Tatra KT4D trams were start a bus replacement service. return for orders for more trams in December to permit a delivered on 28 July. transphoto.ru A major scheme to rebuild 11km of this type. RGI 7.5-minute headway between Bern (6.8 miles) of track started on ULYANOVSK. The first second- and Worb via Bolligen. UNITED KINGDOM 19 August, featuring new viaducts hand 71-153 (LM-2008) tram, LAUSANNE. Work on the new BLACKPOOL. The LRTA is in Ul Laczcza, and new tram Moskva 4916, has become 1281 in tramline to Renens will finally supporting a ‘Trams to Lytham’ tracks at ground level. The work the Ulyanovsk fleet. transphoto.ru start in December, having been campaign to connect the towns will take two years. EU funding YAROSLAVL. E x- M o s k v a delayed by a legal challenge to of Lytham and St Anne’s to has been announced for a 7km KTM-19 trams 5356 and 5361 the planned demolition of two the tramway, currently being (4.4-mile) cross-city rail tunnel arrived on 4 September. transphoto.ru buildings. tram extended to Blackpool North.

392 / OCTOBER 2018 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org Tram 642 has been returned but did not precisely serve all to heritage service use while intermediate stops. A temporary Coronation 663 has left storage at timetable was in place on the other Rigby Road for restoration by a sections of tramway. specialist company in Heywood. STOURBRIDGE. The operation BRISTOL. An underground of Class 139 railcars on the metro would be transformational Stourbridge Town shuttle by for the city, according to the Pre-Metro Operations on behalf draft Bristol Transport Strategy of West Midlands Trains reached document. Such a system could a milestone of five million cut journey times between Aztec passengers in August. The shuttle West, Emerson’s Green and began full operation in 2009 Bristol Airport into the city to and currently carries around below 25 minutes. However, it 10 500 passengers on 1300 also reports that costs would be individual journeys per week. significant at around GBP3-4bn SOUTH YORKSHIRE. Rail (EUR3.3-4.4bn) for three lines, replacement continued in August and that most schemes take and September with no tram around 20 years to deliver. service expected between The first rebuilt Tatra tram in the breakaway ‘Donetsk People’s Republic’, Donetsk, Ukraine. City of Donetsk GREATER MANCHESTER. Gleadless Townend and Herdings Manchester and Salford City Park or Halfway 25 August- GBP735m (EUR817m). Efforts are INDUSTRY. Hyundai Rotem Councils, supported by Transport 9 September. During this period currently being made to bring the has announced the closure of its for Greater Manchester, have Purple Route trams operated projects back under the initial railcar assembly facility in south launched a ten-week consultation between Meadowhall/Cathedral budgets. Philadelphia. The ten-year-old to find out what people think of and Gleadless Townend on The Brierley Hill line is factory once employed 300, but the current transport offering and Sundays only, while a normal expected to open in two phases, has been short of orders since what improvements they would service operated on the Yellow from Wednesbury to Dudley the SEPTA and Denver contracts like to see delivered. These are route. Replacement buses ran on in 2022, and to Brierley Hill in for Silverliner V commuter rail likely to include alterations the closed sections of tramway. 2023. Work has started to remove trains. SEPTA’s subsequent order to Piccadilly station and a From 10-21 September track vegetation and structural surveys went to Chinese conglomerate possible Metrolink tunnel reconstruction was scheduled are being carried out on bridges, CRRC. phillynews.com under the city centre. Visit to only affect the Donetsk Way while drainage is being repaired. KANSAS CITY, MO. T he www.tfgm.com/your-city-centre to Halfway section. Dates can be The project is to be funded with KC Streetcar carried 262 593 before 17 October to take part. flexible depending on weather GBP207m (EUR230m) from the passengers in July, a new Approval has been given to conditions and progress. UK Department for Transport, record. Average Monday-Friday introduce a simpler fares system The Rail Accident Investigation GBP103m (EUR115m) from patronage is 7909 compared on Metrolink. A four-zone Branch is to publish a ‘safety the Combined Authority, and with a pre-opening forecast of system will be introduced digest’ after a passenger was GBP400 000 (EUR445 000) 2700. E. B. Havens next year alongside the thrown across a tram and part of from the Local Growth Fund. LOS ANGELES, CA. T he planned fares increase. a door mechanism was broken, GBP8.8m (EUR9.8m) has been 28-year-old Blue light rail line Despite the proposed increase, causing it to come open. The spent so far. linking Los Angeles and Long 78.5% of fares will be lower under passenger was injured in the Transport for West Midlands Beach will close for four months at the zonal system than they would 19 Julyincident, which took has waived the GBP10 fee for a its south end (January-May 2019) have been under the current place near Middlewood Road; photocard for 16-18-year olds, and north end (May-September arrangements; 10% remain the the RAIB reports that the tram meaning they can now gain half- 2019) to permit complete same and 11.5% will be higher. was travelling at around 37km/h price travel without a fee. infrastructure rehabilitation The Greater Manchester (23mph), some 21km/h (13mph) Pipers Row reopened to traffic (track and overhead) and a new Combined Authority is aiming over the speed limit. on 2 September, following work depot train control system. Bus to draw down the full GBP100m TYNE & WEAR. Plans have been over the summer in preparation replacement shuttles will serve (EUR111m) loan from the submitted for a temporary Metro for the extension of the tramway affected passengers. J. Vigrass European Investment Bank depot in Howdon to accommodate in Wolverhampton. MANITOU, CO. After suspension towards the GBP350m (EUR390m) ten train sets overnight plus of service for 2018, the decision Trafford Park Line extension maintenance facilities. This is USA has been taken to invest before Brexit, local authority needed to allow the main depot BALTIMORE, MD. Light rail USD100m in the 16km (ten- online news service Room 151 at Gosforth to be redeveloped service south of Patapsco resumed mile) Pikes Peak rack railway, has reported. Brexit is to take place ready for the proposed new fleet on 17 August after repairs to storm including new rolling stock and in March 2019. of trains. The land has been damage were completed. R. Barrows rehabilitated infrastructure. Work KENT. Regional media have purchased from North Tyneside BOSTON, MA. The second on the latter started in August. EA reported that local bus provider Council for GBP1m (EUR1.1m). CAF-built Type 9 LRV, 3901, was MILWAUKEE, WI. Liberty tram Arriva would be supportive of local It is expected that the main use delivered to MBTA at Riverside on 04 from Brookville Equipment light rail. The comments came in of the depot will be to commission 28 June. Rollsign Corporation was delivered on an interview with the company’s the new trains as they are delivered DURHAM, NC. The Durham 13 August and 05 was expected Managing Director for Kent and from 2021. County Board of Commissioners on 6 September. The first daylight Surrey. A scheme, dubbed KenEx, WEST MIDLANDS. The West approved a letter from its Chair to test on the 3.4km (two-mile) route has been proposed to link Kent Midlands Combined Authority the GoTriangle Board of Trustees, between the Intermodal Terminal and the neighbouring county has said the projected cost of agreeing to fund the USD57.6m and Burns Commons was on of Essex via a tunnel under the the planned 11km (seven-mile) gap for the Durham-Orange light 22 August. P. Ehrlich, E. B. Havens River Thames. Wednesbury – Brierley Hill rail project, created after the N.C. NEWARK, NJ. The USD3.8bn NOTTINGHAM. The section line is GBP343m (EUR381.5m), General Assembly changed the budget for 2019 comprises between Wilkinson Street and GBP33m (EUR36.7m) more than funding plan this summer. R. Barrows USD2.3bn for revenue and The Forest was closed 23 August- initially planned and mostly due EL PASO, TX. Daytime motorman USD1.5bn for capital costs, 2 September to allow to the increased cost of acquiring training using four renovated including USD39m towards reconstruction of the track on the land. The projected cost of the PCC trams began on 13 August network expansion, particularly one-way sections of road through proposed Birmingham – North on the downtown loop. This was the HBLR Northern Branch. Hyson Green. Replacement buses Solihull line has increased extended to the Uptown loop a PITTSBURGH, PA. Station linked the two sections of tramway from GBP675m (EUR750m) to week later. P. Ehrlich Square light rail station had to

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org octoBER 2018 / 393 Worldwide Review

entering or leaving service. Trams line ended. A second generator will serve all regular J line stops. has been acquired, to allow PCC 1050, now wearing concurrent operation of both red-and-cream St Louis Public cars, which should be possible Service Company livery, had for this year’s Christmas-season returned to service on the F line runs. S. J. Morgan by the first week of June. Brooklyn- THUIN (BE). The ASVi museum liveried PCC 1053 returned to group celebrated the return service in mid-August. S. J. Morgan of 1888 steam tram HL303 on SAN JOSE, CA. VTA will cease its 4 August with a special train from six peak-period express workings Thuin to Biesmes-sous-Thuin. on the Alum Rock – Santa Teresa T-2000 line from 8 October to reduce WEHMINGEN (DE). Den Haag operating costs. They have been PCCs 1308+2104 arrived at the running since 2000. E. B. Havens Hannover Tramway Museum in SANTA ANA, CA. The OCTA the third week of August. contract for eight Siemens S70 Haagse Tramnieuws trams was signed in August. WHITEMAN PARK (AU). The E. B. Havens Perth Electric Tramway Society The Texan city of El Paso is testing its rebuilt PCCs ready for the inauguration of TEMPE, AZ. The FTA gave has modified MelbourneW7 1023 city later this year. P. Ehrlich its approval for the start of as a works car, including overhead be closed from 13.00 on 5 August on the Twin Peaks tram tunnel construction on the 4.8km inspection tower. TA when a Norfolk Southern freight were completed on 24 August, (three-mile) modern tramway train derailed and fell on to with the network returning to project on 21 August. The line is CONTRIBUTORS the light rail tracks. A bus bridge normal the following day. expected to be ready to open in Worldwide news items for was set up and ran until 12 By late August new Siemens 2020. E. B. Havens inclusion should be sent to August. E. B. Havens S200SF LRVs up to 2037 had Michael Taplin at Flat 8, Roxan PORTLAND, OR. The Southwest been delivered. MUSEUM NEWS Villa, 33 Landguard Manor Rd, Corridor Steering Committee On the night of 15-16 June, CRICH (UK). The London Shanklin, Isle of Wight PO37 has selected the preferred route the fleet of historic trams used County Council Tramways Trust 6EA, UK.Fax: +44 (0)1983 862810 for the 19km (11.8-mile) light for regular service on lines E and has agreed that its next project or e-mail: [email protected] rail line to Tigard and Tualatin. F were moved back to Cameron will be the ‘restoration’ of a UK and Ireland items are It will branch off the existing Beach Yard (formerly Geneva North Metropolitan Tramways welcomed by the Home News MAX line between PSU South Carbarn), at San Jose Avenue and horse car (184) also using parts Editor, John Symons, 17 Whitmore and Lincoln St running Geneva Avenue, after four years from a similar car rescued from Avenue, Werrington, Stoke- south-west along Barbur Blvd, of being at East, just Wales. It is intended to create a on-Trent, ST9 0LW, UK. E-mail 70th Ave, Elmhurst St and east of the T (Third Street) line at double-deck horse tram from the [email protected] private right-of-way to Hall Blvd. 25th Street & Illinois Street. They kit of parts with a start date in Acknowledgements are due It will then follow the existing had been temporarily displaced in the Crich workshops, expected to Blickpunkt Strassenbahn commuter rail line to Bridgeport June 2014, for a major project to provisionally in 2021. (BS), Detikfinance, Drehschiebe Village shopping centre. The replace all of the track at the light FERNY GROVE (AU). The (DS), Edinburgh Evening News, USD2.86bn project could be ready rail depot located across the street, 66-year-old Mercury Arc Rectifier Eisenbahn (EB), Eisenbahn Amateur by the end of 2027, subject to which necessitated the move of that has provided power for (EA), David Harman, Haagse federal funding being confirmed many LRVs from that facility to the Brisbane Transport Museum Tramnieuws, International Railway in 2022. S. J. Morgan the Cameron Beach Yard. for 37 years was replaced by a Journal (IRJ), Irish Independent, Kent ST LOUIS, MN. The first new During the four-year substation with transformer at the Messenger, Le Parisien, lineoz.net, MetroLink light rail station to displacement, all trams running end of June. TA Manchester Evening News, Modern be built for more than a decade, into or out of service on lines E PORTLAND, OR (US). With Stadstrafik (MfSS), Nottingham Cortex, opened on 31 July and F ran along tracks, and newly refurbished motors, Brill Evening Post, Op de Rails (OR), (25 years to the day from the PCCs or Peter Witts on training replica tram 513 entered service phillynews.com, Railway Gazette opening of the line). The new station or testing runs could also be on the International (RGI), Région Réunion, serves the Cortex Innovation seen on the section of line T line at the beginning of the 2018 Sydney Morning Herald, Taiwan Community and the new Choteau between 25th Street and just season, on 26 May, replacing car News, Today’s Railways (TR), tram, Greenway, a track for pedestrians south of Market Street. 514 for the time being. This was Tram 2000 (T-2000), traminfo.pl, and cyclists. R. Barrows From the start of service, all E its first time carrying passengers Transit Australia (TA), transphoto. SAN FRANCISCO, CA (Muni). and F line trams have resumed since 2005, when Vintage Trolley ru, urbanrail.net, Wolverhampton Two months of rehabilitation work using the J line tracks when service on the Express & Star

Compiled by the LRTA. For a full list of the year’s events and MEETINGS & EVENTS meeting places please visit www.lrta.org

September 2018 Paul Coles: Preserved trams in the Monday 15. Liverpool 19.45. Martin Saturday 20. Taunton 14.00. John British Isles. (LRTA/SEG) Jenkins: More Merseyside memories Prentice: East London. (TLRS) Thursday 27. Manchester 19.00. Saturday 06. Birmingham 14.00. from OTA. (TLRS Merseyside) Thursday 25. Manchester 19.00. Robert Pritchard: Tramways of the Mike Ballinger: The Gulf and India. Monday 15. Wickham 19.30. David Andy Barclay: Tram Slides from the Czech Republic and Slovakia – Pt 2. (LRTA/TLRS/ERS; TMS invited) Lusby: Baltic experience. (TLRS Solent) Peter Fox Collection – Part 2. Saturday 29. Garstang 14.00. Monday 8. Thames Valley 19.30. Tuesday 16. Leeds 19.00. Friday 26. John Hampton. Tony Young: Worldwide tramway Results of the Gerald Warner legacy Vic Simons: American trams. Quaker Meeting House, Edinburgh. developments. (TLRS) kits distribution, plus ‘How it is done’ Tuesday 16. London 19.00. Tramways of Graz. by Adrian Batt. (TLRS) Tim Kendall: Tram-Train Saturday 27. Beeston 14.00. October 2018 Wednesday 10. Brighton 19.45. Saturday 20. Oxford & Chilterns Modelling: Bring your project. (TLRS) Paul Snelling: Three countries in a 14.00. Northampton – 01865 370634 Sat 27. Garstang 14.00. Members: Tuesday 2. Southampton 19.30. day by tram. (TLRS) for further details. (TLRS) What I did on my holidays... (TLRS)

394 / octoBER 2018 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org Letters

Mailbox Get your views into print [email protected] Letters submitted by post should be clearly typed and preferably not handwritten. We reserve the right to shorten contributions for publication.

When will the Government take action on air quality?

Recent weeks have seen a great deal of media coverage they can view the details at www.change.org/p/grant-an-inquest- surrounding the 2013 death of nine-year-old Ella Kissi-Debrah, to-find-if-air-pollution-caused-my-daughter-s-death/ with suggestions of a link between her fatal asthma attack and At the time of writing, this online petition had garnered the levels of air pollution in her London neighbourhood that over 130 000 signatures, proving that there is a strong desire breached EU legal limits. from the people to see the Government take action on illegally We have long been campaigning for the UK Government high levels of air pollution in many of our towns and cities. to address this most serious issue and investigate the links We support this action as we believe it only strengthens the between transport-related pollution and public health. It is sad argument for an urgent need for local and national policies that it now appears that we have a death that can be directly that support the greater adoption of tramway and light rail ascribed to excessively high concentrations of air pollution. solutions. These environmentally-friendly modes generate An inquest in 2014 concluded that Ella died due to a severe zero pollution at point of use and are proven the world over in asthma attack followed by a seizure, possibly caused by an their effectiveness in getting motorists out of their cars. allergic reaction to something in the air. Following recent The Government recognises the risks of poor air quality; research, Ella’s mother has called for a new inquest to establish indeed it has been classified as the largest environmental risk to the cause once and for all of her daughter’s premature death. public health with a belief that over 40 000 premature deaths A report by one of the country’s leading experts on asthma in the UK are linked each year. The World Health Organisation and air pollution, Professor Stephen Holgate, says that there was says this figure could be as high as 70 million globally. a “striking association” between Ella’s hospital admissions and Levels of nitrogen dioxide have been illegally high recorded spikes in nitrogen dioxide and micro-particulates in since 2010 in the vast majority of our urban areas, yet the the area. He added that there was a “real prospect that without authorities are still failing to act. We need to force the hand of unlawful levels of air pollution, Ella would not have died”. politicians, both local and national, to take up this cause. If readers wish to support Mrs Kissi-Debrah’s campaign, Jim Harkins, Chair, TramForward

Heavy-duty token working in Prague! Yet in Praha they are using token working remember the cancellation of these schemes These days, most single-line working is for the line 30 temporary shuttle using the and also the one in the Portsmouth area. by signal control. Batons (tokens) were biggest token I have ever seen (see left)! Both northern cities are larger than Sheffield, traditional, but are not widely used today Mike Russell, by e-mail which has had new trams since the 1990s. and there is always a risk one would be However this slowness also applies to accidentally (or purposely) pocketed. How do we break the deadlock? local politics. Everything in the UK, south I was struck by your cover sub-headline on of the border anyway, seems to take forever issue 969, “Industry debates why UK is behind to make any headway. Endless committees, the light rail curve”. As far as I can see there is referrals back and forth and rethinks: every not the slightest doubt why – look around, development is like struggling through a the UK is behind in almost everything. plate of particularly glutinous porridge. The reason is clearly the Westminster John Gilbert, by e-mail Government, in particular the Treasury. This seems seems to stultify almost every Credit where credit is due development, in light rail but also on the In Koln: Private funding for public transport railways – think electrification. Note a (TAUT 969), the map on page 342 was created different policy obtains in Scotland. by G. Storbeck from Bonn University while This stultification has resulted in no new images on page 343 are courtesy of tramways in either Leeds or Liverpool – we all S. Anemüller and U. Kissmann.

Obituary: Frits van der Gragt three jubilee celebrations (1981, 1991 to Dutch bus companies (which gave him and 2006) and was Editor-in-Chief of its many useful public transport contacts), We regret to report the death in magazine Op de Rails 1986 -20 07. and after retirement he became a steam Hilversum on 24 August of Frits van der A prolific author, Frits specialised in tram driver on the Hoorn – Medemblik Gragt, Knight of the Order of Oranje rolling stock and systems in Eastern preservation line and was Chairman Nassau. He was 88 years of age. Europe at a time when travel there was of its management organisation from Frits was born in Amsterdam on not easy. He authored the seminal works, 1993 to 2011. He also drove historic (and 21 September 1930, and was an early Europe’s Greatest Tramway Network occasionally modern) . student of tramways, particularly in (covering the Rhein-Ruhr area) and An LRTA member of many years, his beloved home city, where he was a Moderne Trams, which analysed tram Frits was always a good friend of British regular passenger for many years. He also designs around the world since the 1930s; tramway fans, and a participant in some became an expert on the Belgian Vicinal, in recent years he had been engaged in of the famous Jack Wyse tours. He was prompted by a bicycle tour in 1947. updating this, unfortunately a project also a tour leader for NVBS trips to five Frits was a committee member of the that will have to be completed by others. continents. We offer our condolences LRTA-affiliated society, NVBS, eventually Professionally, Frits was a sales manager to his children, Erik, Marjan and Linda, becoming its Chairman. He led work on for France’s largest manufacturer of tyres and grandchildren. RNHJ and MRT

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org OCTOBER 2018 / 395 Classic Trams the growing Brus collection PART TWO Mike Russell continues his review of the varied and growing fleet of tramcars assembled in the museum collection at the former Brus depot in Łódź. 1

hree two-axle motor cars 803N cars with new, angular metal bodies Works cars from the inter-war period built in Helenówek depot. These distinctive, Works cars have been a familiar sight on have been restored by Miejskie if somewhat ungainly, cars formed the the Łódz tramways for many years, with Przedsiebiorstwo Komunikacyjne nucleus of service requirements for some examples of cut-down former N-type passenger w Łodzi (MPK) and remain in its years until it was realised that the cost of the vehicles conveying bogies to and from ownershipT but are regularly seen at Brus. Car work exceeded that of acquiring secondhand Tramwajowa works each day for attention. 48 is a Lilpop II; the Łódz tramways obtained cars from Germany and Austria. As a result, Several, mainly in their distinctive two-tone three separate series of cars from the Warszawa rolling stock from places such as Freiburg-im- green livery, have been assembled at Brus firm Lilpop, Rau i Loewenstein during these Breisgau, Bochum-Gelsenkirchen, Innsbruck, after years of outside storage at Helenówek, years, and this is one of the second batch. Ludwigshafen and joined the used to store museum candidates before With a distinctive narrow body, they were fleet. Of the rebuilt803N cars, 37, dating from Brus became available. strong, serviceable cars that gave years of 1974, was one of the last in MKT service and In numerical order, they are 101, a 1954 good service. After withdrawal in 1973 this bought by KMST in 2013. It appears in the Konstal 2N2 that in 1979 was converted to a example served as a works car until 1988. MKT ‘oranges and lemons’ livery. snow-clearance car with rotary brushes and The third batch of Lilpop cars was built in The third modern articulated car is 1042, later served with TP; 103, a Konstal 5N1 car 1939, comprising 24 motor cars and ten one of the eight Düwag GT6 vehicles acquired of 1961 that was converted into a general trailers. Only 23 ever reached their intended from Bielefeld in 1990 by MPK, in whose fleet transportation car in 1980, of which several destination though, the remainder being it became 4042. Built in 1957, it passed to examples are still in use by MPK; and KEŁ, lost in air raids and a factory fire. All were TP as its 42 in 1994. The car remains in MPK the diminutive Ulm trailer 36 built by withdrawn in 1973, and 153 and 158 became ownership, but has been on long-term loan Busch of Hamburg which came to Łódz works cars 2015 and 2017. The latter was to KMST since September 2015 intended for under wartime conditions in 1942 and was renovated to passenger condition by MPK in future restoration. subsequently rebuilt as a goods wagon for 1981; 153 is extant but not currently restored. Mention should be made of the set of N-type sand transport. All the foregoing remain in The third car is a product of the Sanok cars owned by MPK and operated on special MPK ownership. works in 1928-29. Car 17 (a fantasy fleet summer tourist services since 2003, staffed KMST owns 38, a Gregg bogie flat-wagon number) was originally trailer 461, built as by KMST volunteers. These are Konstal-built built in the 1920s that came to Łódz in 1943 one of a series of 17 motor and 23 trailer cars 5N motor car 337 of 1961 and Swidnice-built and was later used for rail transport; 109, a fitted with all-metal bodies. All the motor 5ND trailer 644 of 1960, both of which are type 5N1 car built by Konstal in 1959, in 1975 cars were transferred to other Polish systems normally housed at Chocianowice depot. rebuilt as an overhead line inspection and in the 1950s. Car 461 lasted in service until Out of a total N-type passenger fleet of 378 maintenance car and latterly operated by 1973 and subsequently found further use as motor and 386 trailer cars, Łódz had some MKT; and 92031, a 2N2 Konstal product of a house verandah until acquired privately 210 motor and 376 trailer cars of types 5N 1956 that was later rebuilt as a more advanced for preservation in 1999. Restoration work and 5ND, the last remaining in service until rotary snowplough and used by MKT. completed in 2010 included motorisation. 1991. Both examples retained double-ended Finally, there is 108, a 1951 2N1 car built by Its survival owes much to the initiative of layout with manually-operated doors, being Stocznia Gdanska and operated as 218, Tomasz Adamkiewicz, who has saved and withdrawn in 1983 along with all others which was latterly rebuilt as a more orthodox owns not only this car but several works cars, that had not been rebuilt to single-ended type of snowplough. It is privately owned all of which are exhibited at the Brus project. configuration. They were renovated in by Jerzy Wojtowicz and intended to be Three post-war articulated cars are in the 1989-90 and at time of writing were in rebuilt as a mobile exhibition and party tram. collection. Pride of place goes to TP car 2, the course of a heavy overhaul, with the The Brus museum hosts open days on last 803N operated by the company and the intention of returning to service. several weekends each season. Admission last of the type in regular passenger service The KMST has its own two N-type motor is free but donations are welcome given the in Poland. Built in 1973, it was originally cars. Car 1234 is a rare example of the type extensive programme of restoration work MPK 947 before several re-numberings and 2N1 built in 1950 at Stocznia Gdanska that the club has to finance in future years. eventual transfer to TP, and after withdrawal (the Gdansk shipyard); it was 193 in the city Members are extremely enthusiastic and have was bought by KMST in September 2012. Cars fleet and modernised to single-ended layout already achieved a great deal in negotiating of this type were last in service with MPK in 1975. Latterly it served as a training occupation of the historic Brus depot to in 1994, and were internally reconstructed vehicle until 1996. It is in active use at house their cars; they deserve the support of with fully-separated driving cabins in the late Brus and awaiting restoration. Car 4092, all tramway students visiting this city. 1980s. Car 2 is kept in full working order and a Konstal-built 5N, also has an interesting The depot can be reached by tram route used for excursions and private hire by KMST. history. Built in 1961, it originally served 43 from the city centre. Those who take on the Bielsko-Biała tramway (closed 1971) the opportunity to continue their journey Lines hived off as that organisation’s 35, before transfer to westwards towards Konstantynów Łodzki and When the interurban lines were hived Łódz, where it was rebuilt to single-ended Lutomiersk will observe a static monument off from the city network in 1993, the configuration. It was the last of the type in at plac Kosciuszki in Konstantynów, where two northern lines to Zgierz (45) and service in the city, withdrawn in October 2N2 car 282 is proudly exhibited on a short Ozorków (46) passed into the ownership of 1991, and then became the Telefoniczna length of track as a reminder of the cars that Miedzygminna Komunikacja Tramwajowa depot shunter (12092). Restored in 2006, steadfastly provided daily services conveying (MKT). This undertaking invested in it passed into KMST ownership in 2017. local inhabitants to work, school or recreation upgrading and modernising its fleet, and The intention is that it should be used on during the hard years of the second half of the the first move was to reconstruct transferred tourist services. 20th Century.

396 / octobER 2018 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org 1. Lilpop II car 48 is about to set off for a trip around the external depot track circuit with a group of visitors on one of the depot open days.

2. Driver training car 1234 is a rare 2N1 example of the standard design of two-axle tramcar produced in large numbers in early post-war years to help devastated Polish tramways get back on their feet. This was one of 45 such motor cars built for Łódź by the Gdansk shipyard in 1950-51.

3. Car 158 is the serviceable example of two surviving cars from the third batch of trams delivered to the city by the Warszawa-based firm of Lilpop, Rau I Loewenstein. Lilpop III 158 of 1939 is seen here in Kopernika on 13 May 2018 during a brief stop during a private tour of the system.

4. Representing the rolling stock that was the mainstay of the Lutomiersk interurban line, 2 which passes Brus depot, from 1991-2012 is a Konstal-built 803N articulated car, latterly number 2 in the TP fleet and originally MPK 947.

5. A survivor of the eight Düwag GT6 cars acquired by MPK from Bielefeld in 1990 is 1042, the fleet number it has carried since rejoining the MPK fleet in April 2012 following almost 18 years’ service with the independent TP interurban tramway company.

6. Variety on the track fan 3 4 of Brus depot, with general transportation works car 103 nearest the camera and in the background Herbrand GE-58 motor car 71 of 1910, currently the oldest working heritage tramcar, still in MPK ownership.

7. Another member of the 2N1 class built for Łódź by the Gdansk shipyard was car 218, now rebuilt as 108, a conventional snowplough. The intention is ultimately to rebuild this car for use as a mobile exhibition. 5 6 8. Two different forms of snow-clearance vehicle stand in the summer sun on the external stabling tracks at Brus. Nearest the camera is 92031, a 2N2 car rebuilt as an advanced type of rotary snowplough, whilst in the rear is 108, a 2N1 car rebuilt as a conventional snowplough.

7 8 Except where otherwise stated, all photography by Mike Russell.

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org octoBER 2018 / 397 Bookshop Order online from lrta.info/shop – or by post from: LRTA Publications, 31 Ashton Road, Wokingham RG41 1HL Postage included (2nd class UK; Airmail Europe; Economy rest of world). LRTA member discount does not apply Buy now while stocks last – bargain prices end on 30 November!

Tramways of the East Midlands Tramways of the North East LRTA Regional Handbook No. 1 LRTA Regional Handbook No. 2 Covers the present-day Nottingham Covers the present-day Tyne & Wear NET and Crich Tramway Museum, plus Metro and Beamish Museum, plus the the former Derby, Burton-on-Trent, former Darlington, Gateshead, Hartlepool, Chesterfield, Ilkeston, Lincoln, Middlesbrough, Newcastle, Scarborough, Mansfield, Matlock and Notts & Derby South Shields, Stockton, Sunderland and systems. Published 2007. Tynemouth systems. Published 2008. > Softback B5; 88 pages, > Softback B5; 88 pages, 110 photos mainly in black & white; 100+ photos mainly in black & white; numerous maps and fleet lists. numerous maps and fleet lists. Was £9.50 now just £5.50 (UK); Was £9.50 now just £5.50 (UK); £6.50 (outside UK) £6.50 (outside UK)

Brussels Trams through the Dunes A Tramway Reborn 1945-2008 The Belgian Coastal Tramways 1885-2010

The authors know the city well and have Covers the development of the Vicinal assembled this history of the tram system coastal tramway and its connections with chapters on rolling stock, the Expo, inland. Includes a detailed review of the final SNCV years and the arrival of the the variety of rolling stock used over Pre-Metro and Metro. Includes fold-out the years. Published 2009. track map. Published 2008. > Softback B5; 104 pages; > Hardback A4; 184 pages; 200+ photos in 136 photographs in colour and colour and black & white; 40 maps black & white; 8 maps Was £29.99 now just £12.50 (UK); Was £13.50 now just £6.50 (UK); £14.50 (outside UK) £8.00 (outside UK)

Innsbruck’s Alpine Tramways PCCs of Western Europe 1950-2010 The tram that Belgium made Features all aspects of this fascinating system where city trams link directly Describes the development of the with surrounding upland villages, post-war PCC car, especially the with details of cars present and Belgian-built trams but the few PCCs past, descriptions of routes, depot manufactured elsewhere, and a handful information and much more. of ‘PCC-like’ cars, such as the Blackpool Published 2011. VAMBACS are included. Published 2011. > Softback A4; 160 pages, 300+ > Softback A4; 84 pages, 140 photographs photographs, most in colour; 7 maps in colour and black & white Was £17.50 now just £11.50 (UK); Was £14.50 now just £7.50 (UK); £13.50 (outside UK) £9.00 (outside UK)

The Tramways of Metropolitan Middlesex Charleroi’s trams since 1940 and North London Coal, steel and cornfields

The author’s memories of riding on Once the centre of a vast network north London trams before the trolleybus of Vicinal routes, Charleroi had an conversions combine with a history of the independent town tramway but only the Metropolitan Electric Tramways and its Light Metro system remains, though it has predecessors. Published 2013. gradually been expanded. Published 2013. > Softback A4; 196 pages, fully-illustrated > Softback A4; 112 pages, in black & white; numerous maps & depot 200+ photographs in colour and layout drawings black & white; numerous maps Was £28.50 now just £16.50 (UK); Was £22.50 now just £13.50 (UK); £18.50 (outside UK) £15.00 (outside UK) in your next issue of Ralf Günther Ralf INNOTRANS 2018 Running like SYSTEMS FACTFILE: HIGHLIGHTS clockwork zÜrich TAUT joins the international rail industry Seven years into a major programme In a Factfile Special, Neil Pulling in Berlin for the biennial running of its to upgrade its unique 122-year-old considers the vital role of the tramway largest trade fair, to explore the latest Subway, nicknamed the ‘Clockwork within the context of the extensive and developments and innovation for the Orange’, owner/operator SPT reviews the expanding public transport offering light and urban rail sectors. progress so far and looks to the future. in Switzerland’s largest city. PLUS... NOVEMBER + Mike Russell celebrates 150 years of the tramway in Stuttgart issue + The latest news and analysis, rolling stock orders, system developments, and transport policy and industry comment from On sale around the world 19th October

THE INTERNATIONAL LIGHT RAIL MAGAZINE Bydgoszcz

System closures systems are exceeded by post-1945 extensions and bydgoszcz www.lrta.org factfilea major 2016 www.tautonline.com addition in what is now Poland’s POLAND Subscribe now! No. Bydgoszcz, main tram building OCTOBER 2018 N O. 970 132 Poland centre. FLORENCE CONTINUES ITS TRAMWAY RENAISSANCE

Now in its 81st year, Tramways & Urban Transit is the world’s

ydgoszcz is Poland’s limited company under city ownership eighth-biggest city, Representative of since 1998. There is a common if mainly for repair and overhaul. In the leading monthly publication dedicated solely to light and located around 225km the system – old and complex fare structure for trams 21st Century this vast site has become (141 miles) north-west of new at Bydgoszcz and buses; wholly separate ticketing Wschód station. better known for manufacturing the the capital, Warsaw. It has a applies to local heavy rail services. This elevated stop heavy and light rail vehicles of Pesa populationb of 354 000 and shares the Founded in 1346, Bydgoszcz and interchange Bydgoszcz SA. Although Pesa products capital role for Kuyavian-Pomeranian extends along both banks of the Brde opened as part of the have attracted many customers Voivodeship (province) with the river which overall runs east-west Fordon extension in both in the domestic market and smaller city of Toru January 2016. . A military on a course modified for navigation. increasingly overseas, disruption of incursion in 1760 foreshadowed long It is near where the Brde joins the income led to state intervention in periods of Prussian/German control, Wisla/Vistula, Poland’s longest river. 2018 to support long-term operation. with Bydgoszcz becoming Bromberg InnoTrans 2018: Looking into light rail’s future Waterways helped to establish the Amongst Pesa’s clients is the home city – the name under which the city saw settlement as a trading centre and the system which, at its closest point to the the introduction of trams. Not the first Brussels, Suzhou and Aarhus openings position of bridges has influenced the works, passes the Bydgoszcz Główna restoration of the Polish identity, it has urban rail developments. tramway’s current configuration. entrance on the railway’s south side. been Bydgoszcz since 1945. Bydgoszcz is on the Gdansk – The station’s location well to the Gmunden line linked to Traunseebahn Public transport and the area’s roads Pozna north-west of the city centre created are controlled by a municipal authority, railway line, one of several routes running through the main the demand leading to the first ZDMIKP. The transport operator is Funding agreed for Vancouver projects station, Bydgoszcz Główna. This is tramway. Initially horse-drawn, this Miejskie Zakłady Komunikacyjne w connection which opened in May

£4.60 overlooked on the northern side by Bydgoszczy (MZK), constituted as a Words and pictures 10> the railway works, previously used 1888 remains in today’s metre-gauge by Neil Pulling. system, albeit partly using a new LRT automation Bydgoszcz Growth in Poland’s 9 771460 832067 384 / october 2018 How much can and www.tautonline.com. www.lrta.org should we aim for? tram-building capital

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