THE INTERNATIONAL LIGHT RAIL MAGAZINE

www.lrta.org www.tautonline.com

MARCH 2016 No. 939 return to the streets of olsztyn

Are we near a future away from the ? Blizzards cripple US transit lines Lund begins procurement plan Five shortlisted for ‘New Tube’ stock ISSN 1460-8324 £4.25 BIM for Geneva 03 DLR innovation cuts Trams meeting the both cost and risk cross-border demand 9 771460 832043 “On behalf of UKTram specifically Voices from the industry… and the industry as a whole I send V my sincere thanks for such a great event. Everything about it oozed quality. I think that such an event shows any doubters that light rail in the UK can present itself in a way that is second to none.” Colin Robey – Managing Director, UKTram

27-28 July 2016 Conference Aston, Birmingham, UK The 11th Annual UK Light Rail Conference and exhibition brings together over 250 decision-makers for two days of open debate covering all aspects of light rail operations and development. Delegates can explore the latest industry innovation within the event’s exhibition area and Innovation Zone and examine LRT’s role in alleviating congestion in our towns and cities and its potential for driving economic growth.

Topics and themes for 2016 include: > Safety and security in street-running environments > Refurbishment vs renewal? Book now! > Low Impact Light Rail > Delivering added value from construction and modernisation To secure your place > Managing timetable change and passenger disruption please call > Environmental considerations for LRT construction > Selling light rail: Who? When? How? +44 (0) 1733 367600 > What the Luxembourg Rail Protocol means for light rail or visit > Tram-Train: Alternative perspectives > Where next for UK LRT? www.mainspring.co.uk > Major project updates

SUPPORTED BY ORGANISED BY 100 CONTENTS The official journal of the Light Rail Transit Association MARCH 2016 Vol. 79 No. 939 www.tautonline.com EDITORIAL Editor S imon Johnston Tel: +44 (0)1733 367601 E-mail: [email protected] 13 Orton Enterprise Centre, Bakewell Road, Peterborough PE2 6XU, UK Associate Editor Tony Streeter E-mail: [email protected] Worldwide Editor Michael Taplin 104 Flat 1, 10 Hope Road, Shanklin, Isle of Wight P O37 6EA, UK. E-mail: [email protected] News Editor John Symons 17 Whitmore Avenue, Werrington, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffs ST9 0LW, UK. E-mail: [email protected] Senior Contributor Neil Pulling Worldwide Contributors Tony Bailey, James Chuang, Paul Nicholson, Richard 89 Felski, Ed Havens, Bill Vigrass, Andrew Moglestue, Mike Russell, Nikolai Semyonov, Vic Simons, Herbert Pence, Alain Senut, Thomas Wagner. News 84 SYSTEMS FACTFILE: GENEVA 104 Production Second opinion for Zürich tram order; The Swiss city of Geneva has trebled the Rick Wilson London releases ‘New Tube’ invitations to length of its tramway within 20 years. Neil Tel: +44 (0)1733 367604 E-mail: [email protected] tender; Lund launches tram procurement; Pulling reports. Design Blizzards knock out north-eastern US transit; Debbie Nolan Jerusalem approves second tramline. W ORLDWIDE REVIEW 109 Advertising Algiers extension contracts awarded; COMMERCIAL Manager Geoff Butler TRAMS RETURN TO OLSZTYN 89 Canberra Gungahlin light rail approved; Rio Tel: +44 (0)1733 367610 E-mail: [email protected] Building a new tramway from scratch in de Janeiro’s Santa Teresa tramway extended; Publisher this Polish city hasn’t been easy, as Chinese lines expand; construction Howard Johnston Martyn Janduła reports. inaugurated in Ecuador’s Quito; New York Tramways & Urban Transit is jointly published by the subway extension largely complete. LRTA and LRTA Publishing on the third Friday of each ARE WE READY TO GO WIRE-FREE? 96 month preceding the cover date. The technology exists to remove overhead MAILBOX 115 LRTA Website and Diary wires from our towns and cities – but what Decent shelter and short distances between Brian Lomas E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] are the costs, and what are the benefits? connections are crucial for stop design; and LRTA MEMBERSHIP (with TAUT subscription) Bratislava has some thinking on tickets to do! Tramways & Urban Transit is sent free to all paid-up DLR: BIM INNOVATION 100 members of the Light Rail Transit Association. Creating a detailed digital model and asset CLA SSIC trams: IRISH HERITAGE 116 Subscriptions AND MEMBERSHIP ENQUIRIES database has already delivered significant Mike Russell visits the impressive collection LRTA Membership Secretary (Dept T06), dividends for the Docklands Light Railway. at the Ulster Folk and Transport Museum. 38 Wolseley Road, Sale M33 7AU, UK. Tel: +44 (0)117 9517785 BACK ISSUES Tel: +44 (0)117 951 7785 Is getting it right first time absolutely essential? PRINT AND DISTRIBUTION It may seem like a stupid question, but there are interesting lessons this Warners (Midlands) plc, The Maltings, West Street, Bourne, Lincs PE10 9PH, UK. Tel: +44 (0)1778 391000. month from our detailed review of the tramway project in Olsztyn, Poland. LRTA REGISTERED OFFICE Following a difficult beginning to the scheme and issues with the initial c/o 138 Radnor Avenue, Welling, Kent DA16 2BY, UK. contractor, the city was forced into a tight construction programme, Private company limited by guarantee, No. 5072319 dividing the original contract into six work packages. Appointing five new in England and Wales. contractors the work was completed in around 18 months. LRTA Chairman Whilst a lot of the ground had been laid, the eventual 11km (seven-mile) scheme Andrew Braddock as delivered has allowed for improvements and additions to be made – impressive E-mail: [email protected] given the December 2015 deadline for opening had to be met for risk of losing the LRTA Deputy Chairman considerable European funding that made the tramway viable. Paul Rowen There seems to be a temptation from scheme promoters, fearful of negative publicity, to LRTA PUBLISHING REGISTERED OFFICE c/o 8 Berwick Place, Welwyn Garden City, Herts AL7 4TU, wait until every aspect is perfect before services are launched. While this is understandable UK. Private Limited Company, No. 06169422 in one respect, does it run the risk of adding extra delays and cost, or allow contractors in England and Wales. to push the client? The old adage that you work to the time available comes to mind, © LRTA Publishing 2016 and this all relates back to the ‘gold-plating’ we’ve referred to so often in the past. Articles are submitted on the understanding they may also I’m sure the city authorities in Olsztyn would admit that things haven’t gone later be used on our websites or other media. A contribution is accepted on the basis that its author is responsible for the perfectly since the system launched and there have been well-publicised glitches. But opinions expressed in it, and such opinions are not those of the opening met its forced deadline and passenger reactions, on the whole, have been LRTA Publishing or the LRTA. All rights reserved. very good. Nobody would ever suggest that services should be launched if there is a No part of this magazine may be reproduced or transmitted in single safety question mark, but is it better to open a new line and offer a 90% service any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and while working out minor bugs over the following weeks? If passengers are safe and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from happy, does it matter too much if the trams don’t meet the ideal timetabled service? the copyright owner. Multiple copying of the contents of the We’ve also got a round table of experts looking at the wire-free debate and a fascinating magazine without prior written approval is not permitted. insight into the adoption of Building Information Modelling systems to improve asset COVER: Olsztyn Tramino 3003 in front of the city's management and operations of London’s Docklands Light Railway. Simon Johnston, Editor town hall on 19 December 2015. Martyn Janduła

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org MARCH 2016 / 83 News

Gold Coast explores options Blizzards knock out

Three bidders have been north-eastern US transit shortlisted for the construction of the 7.3km (4.5-mile) extension Record late January snowfall causes state of emergency declarations of the Gold Coast tramway to Helensvale QR station: Leighton Contractors, John Holland and a snowstorm that joint venture of Downer EDI and dumped more than a BMD Constructions. metre of snow on the A final decision will be made north-eastern United in April, with weighting being AStates on 22-23 January (the placed upon assurances from the largest snowfall in 132 years of contractors that the new line can record keeping) caused transit be completed in time for the 2018 agencies to suspend their services Commonwealth Games. for all or most of the weekend. The ultimate ambitions of a States of emergency were network that links Coolangatta declared and residents warned in the south and Robina in the not to venture on the streets on west have been initially costed at foot or in vehicles. Offices were AUD3bn (EUR1.9bn) according closed from noon on the Friday, to reports. The report costs and flights cancelled. the extensions at AUD60/km In Philadelphia SEPTA (EUR38.5/km) and consultations suspended all services except are underway with residents the Broad Street and Market – A Washington metro train snowed in at Brentwood yard. pqinsider and businesses. The results Frankford lines are expected before the local for 24 hours from 04.00 on 23 Baltimore MTA cancelled suspended and did not resume government elections in March. February. Service was mostly back weekend services and started until Wednesday. In New York, to normal on Monday, but the restoring service at 09.00 Monday, where the governor was Norristown High Speed line ran but light rail service to Hunt criticised last year for to Bryn Mawr only until Tuesday. Valley did not resume until suspending the subway system Washington DC Washington Metro did not Wednesday. New Jersey Transit for the first time ever when opening date set operate on Saturday/Sunday, and tried to keep its services operating, forecast levels of snow did not much rolling stock was stored but as the scale of the blizzard materialise, trains continued At the beginning of the New Year in tunnels rather than the open became evident, withdrew all to run on underground a target date of 20 February was yards. Subway service resumed trains and from 02.00 sections only, but service set for the inauguration of service early Monday and services on Saturday. Services were gradually was suspended from noon on on the H Street and Benning open-air sections mostly from restored from 11.00 Sunday. Saturday. trains on open-air Road tramline. H/Benning is 11.00 Monday, though some PATH service between sections resumed in time for the the first segment of the new DC sections were out until Tuesday. Newark and Journal Square was Monday morning commute. Streetcar ‘One City Line’ system between Union Station and the Anacostia River to the east. Initially Benning Road will Jerusalem approves second tramline serve as the eastern turnaround point but a Car Barn Training On 27 January the Planning serving up to 250 000 residents being extended from Mount Center is under construction Committee of Jerusalem and businesses. The southern Herzl to Ein Kerem (Hadassah nearby for storage and light City Council approved plans section will have a branch Hospital). There will be an maintenance, also featuring for the proposed , a from Khan Theater to Malha. interchange between the two an educational and training 20km (12.4-mile) light rail Plans are also being worked lines in the city centre. component for local students. system running from Gilo on for a from Jerusalem Mayor, Nir Barkat, The western end of the initial in the south, through the Mount Scopus to Gilo. who has long championed light phase includes a pedestrian path city centre, to Ramot in the The city’s first tramway, the rail, said the city was gaining a to Union Station and the second north, replacing the current from Pisagat Zeev momentum in transportation phase will extend from this point bus services 71 and 72 that to Mount Herzl that opened development that set it apart westward to Georgetown. use dedicated bus lanes and in August 2011, is already as an advanced city.

Bremen releases tram tender Tenders have been invited for but the city has reduced its fleet 67 100% low-floor eight-axle size due to financial concerns trams, with options for more. and has shown 15% network Two prototypes are required by growth since 1995 meaning 2018 with production versions that each tram is now averaging delivered from 2019 onwards. around 71 000km/year. BSAG has an urgent Combined with above-average requirement for new rolling stresses placed on this very early stock: its fleet of 77 AEG-supplied low-floor design, the vehicles are 77 GT8N vehicles from the 1990s reaching life expiry much sooner initially averaged 50 000km/year than originally envisaged, also Bremen’s GT8N fleet was delivered from 1993 and is now struggling to cope with with a design life of 25-30 years, reducing availability. expansion of the system and consequent greater than envisaged usage. S. Toerist

84 / MARCH 2016 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org Lund launches tram procurement Tenders announced for infrastructure and rolling stock for the city’s nine-stop 5.5km line

he Swedish city of Lund With a planned opening for (population 120 000) 2019, the double- segregated has begun the tendering alignment would see services process for a design- running every 7.5 minutes. The buildT contract for the city’s first rolling stock contract includes tramline, following city council ten years of maintenance and an approval on 17 December. option for three further trams. With preliminary designs for State transport administrator the 5.5km (3.4-mile) nine-stop Trafikverket is contributing 38% route linking Lund Central of the SKR776m (EUR82.5m) cost. station in the mediaeval city Although this is less than the centre and the multi-disciplinary 50% for which the city applied, European Spallation Source the difference is expected to come research centre, complete tenders from private sources, including were launched in January for Artist’s impression of the station at LTH Park. Metro architects and Lund Municipality developer contributions along both detailed infrastructure the route, known as Science Road, design and construction Project procurement Municipality, while rolling which includes major commercial and a fleet of seven low-floor has been divided into four stock, the depot and operations and research facilities. trams with a capacity for 130 phases: infrastructure is fall under the remit of regional An extension to Dalby is passengers each. the responsibility of Lund authority Skånetrafiken. proposed in the longer-term. Soft launch for First Hill Myanmar’s Yangon tramway opens The USD132.8m First Hill In other Seattle news, three Myanmar capital Yangon 08.00-16.00; the fare is MNK100 Streetcar service in Seattle, from of the five ex-MelbourneW2 (Rangoon), saw trams return (EUR0.07). The Ministry of Occidental Mall to Capitol Hill, trams, stored since closure of the to its streets on 11 January, Rail has been advised by the underwent a soft launch on 23 Waterfront Streetcar in 2005, when an ex-Hiroshima (Japan) Japan West Corporation and January, with a ‘promotional’ have been sold to the Delmar articulated tram (3001) started it represents an investment service offered from midday. The Loop heritage tramway in St running on 4.8km (three miles) of JPY455m (EUR3.5m). The regular timetable was operated Louis, though it is not clear how of electrified port authority line is due to be extended east by the six dual-mode Inekon these trams (which had their steps track along Strand Rd from to Yarzadirit in December, trams, but no fares were charged. filled to become high-floor only) Wardan Street to Linsadaung. bringing it to 11km (6.8 miles). Seattle DoT Director, Scott will run alongside the ex-Portland Myanmar Railways operates The overhead is fed at 600V dc Kubly, made the announcement Council Crest Gomaco replica ten round trips daily from from a new substation. at less than 24 hours notice, cars already leased by St Louis. and thanked communities and Two more W2s will remain businesses along the 4.2km in Seattle and could be used to (2.5-mile) line for their patience provide heritage service on the IN PICTURES Hockey inspires during construction and testing. First Avenue line proposed to Calgary’s new LRVs Mayor Ed Murray was aboard link the South Lake Union and Car 2401, the first of 63 the first public tram, promising First Hill tramways. Siemens S200 LRVs for the City of Calgary, was unveiled a grand opening event in the South Lake Union tram service on 15 January. The entire fleet weeks to come, followed by is restricted until March as work is expected in service by the revenue service (regular fare of was carried out to implement end of 2017, adding capacity USD2.25, day pass USD4.50). transit priorities along Westlake and replacing the 28 original Service is provided every 10-15 Avenue. On the light rail line, U2 cars from the early 1980s. minutes 05.00-01.00 Monday- service is to be extended north The design is inspired by Saturday and 10.00-20.00 on to Capitol Hill and the University the goalie mask of the Calgary Sunday; 7500 passengers were of Washington on 19 March, six Flames ice hockey team, chosen recorded on the first two days. months early. siemens.com/press following a public consultation.

Hamburg exercises U-Bahn option An option with Alstom for 27 the first ten to be delivered from more DT5 three-car U-Bahn trains March 2019 and the remaining has been exercised in a contract 17 from January 2020. The trains worth EUR100m. The three-car will be assembled at Alstom’s sets are 40m in length and were German plant in Salzgitter. an option from the original 2006 The proposal that Hamburg contract for 67 trains. would bid for the 2024 Olympic An initial 13-train option was Games has been rejected by exercised in March 2015, so this referendum, which will mean will bring the total of this type that the planned U-Bahn line to 107. This second option will U5 will be delayed, and the Elbe Seattle Inekon 406 running off-wire on South Broadway. R. Scheuerman be fulfilled in two batches with crossing of line U4 cancelled.

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org MARCH 2016 / 85 News

MBTA considers total LRV fleet Second opinion required replacement for Zürich tram order Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority Independent analyst to advise on rolling stock cost/benefit analyses officials have recommended a complete replacement of the Green line LRV fleet at a cost of erkehrsbetriebe Zürich approximately USD1bn. (VBZ), which operates The agency currently has 197 the city’s tramway vehicles operating on the Green system, and Zürcher line, a mixture of Kinkisharyo VVerkehrsverbund (ZVV), the cars purchased in the 1980s and cantonal organisation that 1990s that are now becoming specifies the network and pays life-expired and partially for capital expenditure and the low-floor AnsaldoBreda cars public subsidy for operations, delivered around 12 years have been in dispute about an ago. These newer cars present order for 30-70 new trams for a “maintenance challenge”, more than a year. according to the MBTA, which Following analysis of tenders placed an order with CAF USA submitted by four manufacturers for 24 new 70% low-floor LRVs – (Bombardier, CAF, Siemens and built in Elmira, NY – for delivery Stadler), VBZ said it wanted to in 2017. Recommendations order the , now suggest replacing the similar to the batch being entire fleet by the mid-2020s. delivered to . In December Before putting its new trams out to tender, VBZ conducted trials with a number PCCs running on the Red 2014, ZVV disagreed with the of different models. Here a Siemens Combino from Bern is seen alongside one of line between Ashmont and VBZ financial and technical the VBZ’s fleet of Bombardier Cobras. N. Pitaro Mattapan have been in service analysis and refused to finance since the 1940s and are also in the order. Arguments between organisation TÜV Süd to carry The order is expected to need of constant maintenance, the two have been ongoing for out an independent evaluation of be worth up to CHF350m the lack of spares becoming months and it is understood the offers and recommend which (EUR315m), and wil allow VBZ a major concern. MBTA that the Swiss Government has has the best cost/benefit ratio; to replace the first batch of Chief Operating Officer Jeff intervened. Now both parties it will report in the spring. TÜV Tram-2000 vehicles dating from Gonneville said: “At times we have agreed to seek a second Süd is a technical control board 1976. The first trams are now need to reach out to trolley opinion by engaging the German that monitors vehicle safety. unlikely to arrive until 2018. museums to get components and parts to be able to keep these vehicles in revenue service.” One difficulty lies in that PCC replacement would also Manchester bidders to provide for require major upgrading of the Mattapan line to accommodate six-minute headways heavier modern rolling stock. The four consortia bidding to run Samsun sets Tekkeköy the UK’s Manchester Metrolink tramway opening date network from next year have Work on the 14km (8.7-mile) been asked to include provision extension from Gar to Tekkeköy for six-minute daytime headways started on 27 January. An opening on the principal sections of line date of 10 October has been fixed. to Bury, Altrincham, Ashton- Phuket plans underway under-Lyne, Shaw & Crompton, MRTA Bangkok is being Manchester Airport and East commissioned as project manager Didsbury. Other services, for a 60km (37-mile) tram system including the proposed Trafford unveiled on 17 January linking the Park line, would retain 12-minute airport, Thalang, Koh Kaew and basic headways. This would the provincial bus terminal. mean more intensive services on The latest addition to Metrolink’s expanding network, the new Exchange Square Cagliari collision injures 70 common sections of line with stop in Manchester city centre. Courtesy of TfGM On 19 January, at around 08.00, trams between Cornbrook and St two trams (04 and 07) were Peter’s Square running as often as The model service pattern A preferred bidder should be involved in a serious head-on one every 1.3 minutes. has been included within selected in November, with the collision on a stretch of single The more frequent services the contract specification as new contract being signed in track in the Italian city of Cagliari. would result in fewer double unit a framework against which January 2017. The four groups The majority of the passengers trams being available across the shortlisted bidders can prepare participating are current were students on their way to a nearby school; 70 people were network, even though another their financial and operational operators RATP Dev UK, along injured, including the two drivers. ten trams of the current order proposals. It does not necessarily with a Keolis Amey joint venture, Four were said to be in a serious of 120 M5000 cars remain to be mean that it would be adopted NX Manchester Metrolink condition. An official investigation delivered. Transport for Greater and would also be dependent (National Express and partners) into the accident is still ongoing Manchester is being asked to upon the satisfactory working and Transdev. The new contract but initial reports suggest that sanction the purchase of extra of the system once Manchester’s will run for an initial seven years human error was the cause. trams subject to tender and a Second City Crossing is but with an option to extend for new business case analysis. completed in 2017. a further three.

86 / MARCH 2016 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org Phoenix seeks London releases ‘New new LRT fleet Tenders have been invited for 11 Tube’ invitations to tender LRVs, with an option for up to 58 more, to support the expansion Five pre-qualify for next-generation London Underground fleet of Arizona’s Valley Metro LRT system under the Transportation An invitation to tender for the 2050 (T2050) project, a 35-year next generation of London multi-modal plan approved by Underground trains has been Phoenix voters in August 2015. issued to five pre-qualified Phase 1 of the Northwest manufacturers – Alstom, extension is scheduled to open Bombardier, CAF, Hitachi and on 19 March and a route has been Siemens. The trains are to enter chosen for the Glendale extension service from the early 2020s and The concept of this line via Camelback Road. the order is to comprise 250 new design of the ‘New New completion dates have been train sets for the deep-level lines Tube for London’, announced for further extensions: (100 each for the Piccadilly and released in 2014, South Central and Capital 1-10 Central lines, 40 each for the draws on the West phase 1 in 2023 and Capital Bakerloo and Central lines and heritage of the 1-10 West phase 2 in 2030. ten for Waterloo & City). transport system With an eastward link to and the city itself. A concept design for the PriestmanGoode Gilbert Road due by 2018 and new air-conditioned trains was the Northeast Transit Corridor completed in 2014 by Transport extension to Paradise Valley for London and PriestmanGoode Modernised signalling will submit details by this summer estimated for 2034, this would (see TAUT 925 for an interview allow capacity increases of up to with the contract to be awarded create a 106km (66-mile) system. with Paul Priestman), featuring 60% on the Piccadilly line and in autumn 2017. The order’s cost walk-though carriages and wider 25% on the Bakerloo and Central is expected to be between GBP1bn Angers defers doors than existing trains. lines. The manufacturers are to and GBP2.5bn (EUR1.3-3.3bn). Councillors in the French city of Angers have voted to delay construction of the city’s second tramline – 9.9km (6.2 miles) from Belle-Beille to Monplaisir in the Gmunden tram-train arrives east – related to concerns over After a long sea journey from metre/standard gauge track curve radius. The Bo-2-Bo the city’s financial resources to sustain the EUR245m project. Valencia to Rotterdam, then by and a metre-gauge track with wheel arrangement provides Commissioning was scheduled for road to Austria, the first Vossloh an underfloor wheel lathe and 4x100kW motors to achieve a late-2019, but revised proposals metre-gauge tram-train for balconies for maintenance maximum speed of 70 km/h suggest that construction Stadt-Regio-Tram Gmunden access. The first three cars (44mph). The Gmunden – could now begin that year with was delivered to the Stern & will take over the Gmunden Vorchdorf line is electrified completion expected in 2022. Hafferl workshops at Vorchdorf- – Vorchdorf service in March, at 750V dc, the Gmunden Changes at Alstom Eggenberg on 3 December. pending completion of the tramway at 600V dc, and there At the end of January, following This car, designated Tramlink tramway link, freeing up the will be automatic changeover completion of the public share V3, is one of 11 ordered for loaned Innsbruck Bombardier at Engelhof on the new link. buy-back after the transaction the newly-linked Gmunden trams for return to their The Gmunden – Vorchdorf with General Electric, Patrick tramway and Gmunden – home city. The second new car line (Traunseebahn) has Kron presented his resignation Vorchdorf light railway. arrived on 14 January. been operating for 102 years as Chairman of the Board and The car was unloaded into The five-section 32m cars can and the Gmunden tramway Chief Executive Officer of Alstom, the new four-track workshop accommodate 183 passengers for 120 years; 2017 will see effective 1 February. Executive Vice-President Henri Poupart- that features two standard- (76 seated) . They are 2.4m wide them linked together for the Lafarge takes over the role. gauge tracks, a three-rail and have a 17m minimum first time. Earlier that month the firm confirmed it has increased its stake in Transmash Holdings from 25% to 33% in a deal valued at EUR54m. The end for Douglas horse trams? Tenerife line 2 extension The board of Metrotenerife has An emergency meeting of council’s rates of more than approved initial tenders for the Douglas Borough Council, GBP420 000 (EUR551 000). The EUR37m 2.5km (1.5-mile) extension government departments and cost of proposals to relocate of tramline 2. The extension from bodies was held on 27 January the stables to a redeveloped Tíncer to La Gallega is to have four to discuss options to save the Strathallan terminus have risen stops, serving an area with 12 000 Douglas Bay Horse Tramway. from GBP1.8m (EUR2.4m) to inhabitants. Ridership is expected at 3000 passengers/day. The move followed a decision GBP2.9m (EUR3.8m), with on 21 January to close the concerns over the stability of Siemens expands tramway with immediate effect, the rock face behind the depot Sacramento operations After 140 years, the fate of the Isle Siemens has opened a new due to mounting losses and the still unresolved. The burden Of Man’s Promenade horse tramway 5600m2 servicing, maintenance, escalating cost of the proposed on Douglas ratepayers would appears to be have been sealed. SP Smiler relocation of the tramway stables. increase to GBP4.8m (EUR6.3m) repair and administrative facility Various petitions to save the once capital repayment charges of Douglas Promenade will take in Sacramento, California. One of the site’s first projects is a USD21m operation have been launched. on a 30-year loan had been added place without provision for tram (EUR18.8m) modernisation The trams have run at an and these factors determined the tracks, although space would programme for 32 annual loss of GBP263 000 council’s closure decision. still be available. The already SD160 LRVs, extending their (EUR345 000), with loan charges The ’s DoI has delivered new rail would be used useful life by a claimed 15 years. leading to an impact on the indicated that reconstruction elsewhere as necessary.

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org MARCH 2016 / 87 Catenary-free light rail vehicles?

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88 / MARCH 2016 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org Olsztyn

One of Olsztyn’s new trams turning from Dworcowa to Towarowa Street on the non- service section towards the TRAMS RETURN TO depot in December 2015. OLSZTYN AFTER 50 YEARS Designing and constructing a new tramway from scratch hasn't been easy, but the city of Olsztyn officially opened Poland's fifteenth system in December 2015. Words and photos by Martyn Janduła.

he last city in Poland to open a entrance. Olsztyn then commissioned a more in 1930, when changed its western completely new tramway was economical version of the cars, which meant terminus – instead of going to the cattle Czestochowa, in 1959. Olsztyn is that the cab wasn’t protected with glass. For market, it went straight on beyond the old not only the first city for over 50 a year drivers had to struggle with adverse town in the direction of Długie Lake, where a years to construct a completely weather, especially during winter, with snow city beach was located. This lengthened the newT tram system, but it also marks a return and frost common in this part of Europe. route by several hundred metres. as the city’s original tram network closed in New settlements were created, but further 1965, exactly 50 years before the new line’s Two lines rise and fall expansion of the tramway was deemed too opening. When the original tramway opened, expensive so in 1938 the first two Olsztyn’s population was less than 33 000. lines began operation. The development of The first tramway Wilhelm Peterson developed the routes, both modes was halted by World War Two. The city’s history is inextricably linked with mostly single-track with three passing At the end of the war, the city was invaded by trams, thanks largely to construction of a loops. The first connected the railway the Soviet Army under the guise of 'liberating hydroelectric powerplant at the confluence station (located some distance from the city the Polish lands'. In January 1945 the old of the Lyna and Wad g rivers. Work began on centre), through the old town and the cattle town was almost completely destroyed and this in 1906 and completion in 1907 allowed market, known now as Roosevelt Square. The Olsztyn, ruined and looted, with a destroyed the full electrification of Olsztyn – then completed route of the second line linked tramway and trolleybus system, came under Allenstein, and part of Germany. the town hall (located in the old town) with Polish control (the so-called Recovered Tracklaying started during the summer Jakubowo, the big park on the northern Territories). of 1907 ahead of a grand opening on 15 edge of the city that includes a forest of over December that year. Trams ran on the then 1000ha – a favourite walking and leisure and buses standard metre-gauge, today replaced by location for the city’s residents. After the war the new authorities made the a 1435mm network. The first cars had two The presence of the small tramway was restoration of tram services a priority. Line 1 motors, each with 30 horsepower. Six motor seen as a sign of the city’s importance – line was relaunched on 30 April 1946, joined cars and two trailers were ordered, each one was 2.32km(1.44 miles) long and line two by line 2 on 28 June. Unfortunately for seating 16 people with space for 14 standing just 2.36km (1.46 miles) – and the city began the tramway, as in many other cities, the on the outside platform. A single journey cost to grow rapidly as ten years after the launch attention of the communist government 10 Pfennig, without the right for a transfer, of the first tram the population had risen to turned increasingly towards the development with fares thrown into glass boxes at the tram around 40 000. The first extension was built of trolleybuses and then buses for cost

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org MARCH 2016 / 89 Olsztyn

A view of Olsztyn city centre, taken from the town hall tower in March 2015 with clear evidence of how disruptive the works were. Compare this to the same view seven months later and the nearly completed section. The city centre now has a much-changed appearance, with less space for cars.

PIOTR GRZYMOWICZ, MAYOR OF OLSZTYN reasons. There was no money for the repair of tram systems, cars or track. Although other new projects related to the tram; we should finish cities received funding, Olsztyn was at the these preparations by September 2016. bottom of the 'food chain', explained Rafał Firstly, we would like to extend the tracks at Jaroty, from the intersection of Witosa and Kanta, Betkowski, a local historian. to Krasickiego. We are also considerating a route The authorities took the decision to close through Wilczyńskiego. Nevertheless, the trams the tramway network completely and would go further towards Synów Pułku, Leonharda, 20 November 1965 is considered a symbolic Piłsudskiego and Dworcowa, reaching the date as it was the final day of operation of line intersection with Towarowa and Kętrzyńskiego. 1, the last to be replaced by bus connections. Thus we would close the tramway network in a ring. In 1959 it was reported that the transport system of Olsztyn totalled 43km (26.7 miles) Why are you looking at a ring – 27km (16.8 miles) of trolleybus lines, 10km Q configuration? The Michelin tyre factory has expressed a (6.2 miles) of bus lanes and only 6km (3.7 A desire to improve transport connections miles) of tramways. What does the reintroduction of the tram with the plant. Today it employs 4200 people and Trolleybus operations didn’t last much Q mean for Olsztyn? most employees use cars and buses. longer with buses, by manufacturers such as It is a unique event for us, as the history of In March we should have the suggested routes San, Jelcz and Berliet, replacing them. The A Olsztyn is related to trams. Unfortunately, for public consultation. We will then proceed with trolleybus network closed on 31 July 1971. after almost 60 years, in 1965 the trams were the final variant on the condition that we receive abolished due to a lack of funds for maintenance further EU funding. The first seeds of the return and modernisation. We have almost 110 000 cars in Olsztyn and if they were all to be driven at the same time we Plans for a return of trams were first mooted The fact that we were able to reach for the funds at the beginning of the 21st century. The under the Operational Programme Development would run out of space on our streets. transport development plan for 2004-13, of Eastern Poland meant that we could restore We have to put an emphasis on ecology. We the tram, while also modernising the city's entire can’t take any other course if we want to preserve adopted by the city council, stated that after public transport system. the 15 lakes, two rivers and a 1400ha forest within 2007 it should be considered whether a new the city boundaries. mode – in the form of trams or trolleybuses What are the plans for network – should be introduced. In August 2006, Q Will the tramway be useful for you, as a expansion? Q officials set out a transport modernisation We should receive PLN200m (EUR45m) from citizen? scheme in order to obtain EU funding under A the Operational Programme Development of Yes, I will definitely use it. I live near Tuwima A Street and I can board the tram to City Hall. a special financing programme for the Eastern Poland from 2014-20 and are preparing redevelopment of Eastern Poland. “As soon as information appeared about

90 / MARCH 2016 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org The interior showing the 2+2 seating layout.

Sharing the tramway with a bus during testing, the day before the depot open day. Single-track section on Tuwima Street, part of the branch towards the University campus at Kortowo, nearing completion. a special programme dedicated to the five eastern Polish provinces, and that it was to include funds specifically for the modernisation of public transport, we started our analysis. We also asked the citizens what mode should be introduced”, says Piotr Grzymowicz, the city's current Mayor. In December 2006 the project was approved. “The city appointed a company to conduct a study: Six proposals were presented – what would happen if nothing was done, additional buses and expanding the existing system, developing bus and trolleybus systems, trams and trolleybuses or, finally trams and buses, as has actually happened”, the Mayor adds. “We took into consideration all the parameters and indicators, closely examining efficiency and rational analysis, which allowed us to choose the option of developing trams whilst maintaining the existing bus system. It was calculated at the time that the bus variant would cost PLN243m (approx. EUR54m), bus and trolleybus PLN319m (approx. EUR71m), and bus and tram PLN360m (approx. EUR80m).”

Signing the first contracts “The city officially decided on choosing a specific variant in 2009, after the next local elections. Then I came back to the town hall as Mayor. Over the previous two years, matters hadn’t moved forward so, in May 2009, as a new Mayor I called the city council. We decided to proceed with the variant preselected as the most effective”, continued Piotr Grzymowicz. “That gave the green light for the tram project.” To save time, and to comply with EU A year later, in June 2011, a contract beginning in September 2012 on Płoskiego financing regulations, the city opted for a was signed with FCC Construcción which Street on the southern section of the future single contract for design and construction. offered completion for PLN250m (approx. tramway. Unfortunately, the relationship In summer 2010 a tender was launched EUR56m). According to the planned scheme, between contractor and authority worsened for the tramway network with a depot at the network should comprise approximately as each month passed. Obiegowa, a subway at Piłsudskiego and 11km (seven miles) over the three lines. The residents of Olsztyn saw slow progress, an optional extension to Pieczewo and with workers digging up large parts of the the university campus at Kortowo II. Eight Contractor delays city. The media began to report that there companies tendered bids, with five approved It took another year to prepare the design were no workers at the construction sites. for the second phase. documentation with construction finally It was also reported that the contractor

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org MARCH 2016 / 91 Olsztyn

The open day at the depot on 6 December 2015 and the first chance to ride the View from the cab of the first tram to arrive at the Kanta terminus. new trams on the streets of Olsztyn.

Opening day. Second tram arrives at Kanta terminus. Some people even bowed. Mayor Piotr Grzymowicz with some of the first passengers. moved workers from one site to another to New contracts contract and was awarded to Polish company show some movement on the investment. Having been split into six sections, the Budimex. A shed was required for 18 trams, “I had to cancel the contract, because project was awarded to five contractors each of approximately 30m in length. it would be a complete disaster and this – Skanska, Strabag, Torpol, Balzola and Due to the tight new schedule all works investment wouldn’t be finished on time”, Budimex – all of which were selected by were carried out almost simultaneously, commented Piotr Grzymowicz. The Mayor tender in 2014. The pace of works required for meaning that important streets and was publicly very critical of the contractor the successful completion of these projects intersections had to be closed. This resulted and in August 2013 the relationship was was optimistic but, in December 2014, in all sorts of challenges for motorists, officially terminated. Olsztyn saw the first tram rails laid on the pedestrians and cyclists, and questions about This decision wasn’t easy, as the whole streets of Płoskiego. the plan for the tramway’s return began to be project – as for all EU investments from the Skanska was awarded section A and was asked once more by the residents of Olsztyn. Financing Perspective during 2007-13 – had responsible for the long southern section to be finished by the end of 2015 or risk losing including Witosa, Płoskiego and Sikorskiego, A unique Solaris Tramino external funding, which could be fatal for as well as the single-track stretch through The tailor-made Tramino Olsztyn (part of a the budget. It was thus decided to divide the Tuwima to the University campus. The 15-vehicle order) is bi-directional with an project into six smaller sections with design company also won the section E contract for unusual 2.5m width running on the standard separated from the construction phase. a temporary bus depot at Sikorskiego (buses 1435mm gauge. It is the widest tram in “We decided then that we would prepare had to partially vacate the depot at Poland. tenders on the basis of design projects Kołobrzeska for trams). The Tramino Olsztyn, in a smart steel grey prepared by an external company. This As part of section B Austrian company and lime green livery, measures 29.3m in required a lot of effort and additional Strabag was to build Obiegowa, a new street length, is equipped with six pairs of double tendering processes”, states Grzymowicz. with track and a viaduct at ołnierska. doors on each side and can carry more than “However, this did allow us to implement Section C was awarded to Polish firm Torpol, 200 passengers, equivalent to the capacity of many positive changes, especially in the city which was responsible for the section along nearly three standard buses, or 40 cars. There centre, where the city decided to reduce car ołnierska, Ko ciuszki, Konstytucji 3 Maja are 43 seats in a 2+2 layout, achieved thanks traffic in favour of pedestrians, cyclists and Square and a non-service connection at to the additional 100mm of width. public transport. Dworcowa and Towarowa to the depot. “The air-conditioned vehicles are 100% The original company proposed the The most difficult section was section D low-floor and each of the three sections is narrowing of some city pavements to make – right in the heart of the city centre – which mounted on a fully rotary bogie. The first and room for the trams; this concept did not was awarded to Spanish outfit Balzola. As last are driving bogies and the middle one survive, neither did an idea to construct a part of this contract the tracks were to be laid is a trailer. The maximum speed is 70km/h pedestrian underpass. Additionally, the city on Piłsudskiego Avenue, Jana Pawła II Square, [44mph] and it has an automatic floor also took the opportunity to lay two tracks 11 Listopada Street and Jedno ci Słowia skiej height stabilisation system, regardless of the to Piłsudskiego instead of one, as previously Square. The last depot at Kołobrzeska, marked number of passengers”, adds Solaris' Mateusz planned. by contract F, was the only design-and-build Figaszewski.

92 / MARCH 2016 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org MICHAŁ PODOLSKI, SOLARIS INTERVIEW BY WITOLD URBANOWICZ

Is the Tramino for Olsztyn an Solaris has extensive simple but more effort is required Although equipped for Q adaptation of an existing Q experience in the bus to develop the production process. Q catenary operation, what are product, or a new design? industry, how much of that is For example, in the production halls the possibilities for off-wire use The prototype is the same as translated to the Tramino? where the bonding is performed, in the future? A the vehicle we produced for We can’t say that we use exactly adequate climate conditions must be In accordance with the Jena [in Germany]. Yet there are so A the same components, but of provided. These examples show how A requirements, the tram has to many differences that we should talk course we do use similar paint flexible we are to the customer needs be able to ride over 200m without about it as a new product, for processes, lighting, passenger for both trams and buses. It also power from the overhead lines. example the width and the type of information systems, validators and allows us to gain a lot of experience We installed two batteries with a bogies, and the positioning of the ticket machines. Legislation, however, necessary for subsequent tender capacity of 540Ah and during testing motors, which are now in the bogies. requires that the design of the tram procedures. it was shown the tram could travel The first thing that strikes the eye complies with certain standards that over 1km without the external is the vehicle width, 2.5m. Another differ to those for buses. Noise was an important power supply. significant difference is the number One example is the flammability Q factor in the tender. How did of doors – 12 per vehicle. That’s a lot, standard. Even if we take the same you achieve the required levels? Do the batteries charge while even taking into account that it is seat it must be certified for rail use, Approval tests have confirmed Q the tram is in use or do they a bi-directional tram. Such a large otherwise we will not get approval. A the noise level, 74dB, is lower require separate recharging? number is based on the customer’s than required by the legislature. This The tram is equipped with two requirements of a high capacity and This version uses a glass is the quietest tram in Poland. A static inverters that convert short exchange of passengers. Q laminate structure – why? We used the existing width of the 600V dc from the overhead Additionally the city wanted It is a steel structure with glued the tram to mount noise dampers power network to the onboard active suspension that allows for A polyester-glass laminates. Other and the vehicle is quiet due to its voltage of 24V, which is also used for height adjustment of the vehicle customers require other solutions, construction and configuration as the battery charging. entrances (the system compensates for example Leipzig ordered a tram wheels are relatively deep-seated. The batteries use a certain amount for the deflection of second-degree with a welded steel structure. We had plenty of room to redirect the of current, 0.2C, five times less than springs and wheel wear). As a result, Each approach has its advantages sound energy, which is mainly the their rated capacity. During normal the floor surface is at a constant and disadvantages. In Germany, result of wheel-rail interface. operation, the batteries should not height. This is adjusted each time the gluing is a process which is subject expire as running over 200m on door is opened, regardless of how to appropriate certification for both Are there any interesting a straight track will result in a 10% passengers move around inside the production and maintenance or Q driver’s assistance systems? discharge, which can be quickly vehicle. I do not know of any other repairs. To perform collision repairs, Proper configuration of the topped up. vehicle in Europe with such a system. skilled workers with the appropriate A cabin is very important to us Also new is the hydraulic ride certificates are required and this and we designed the driver’s panels Is the Tramino for Olsztyn stability system, which sets an makes recovery costs high. especially for this project. The cabs Q designed for tackling optimal position of the car body to In Poland such detailed regulations are equipped with touchscreens and steep inclines? the bogies, adjusting itself to ride on the bonding process do not apply, the software makes driving the tram About 6% inclines. This may smoothly ride on curves. This system but nevertheless we meet the strict very intuitive. Online diagnostics A seem like quite a lot, but we are significantly increases ride comfort German regulations. The laminate enable fast localisation and working on other tenders where onboard the tram. bonding process itself is relatively rectifying of issues. inclines reach as far as 10%.

The first delivery left the Solaris factory Finishing in style its finale and it was the hard work of many in June 2015 and required the use of special The contactors completed the infrastructure people”, emphasised Mayor Grzymowicz at 40m long low-loader trucks as the trams works on time, building a complete tramway the opening. He also recalled the challenges were transported as single units. Instead of within a year – a seemingly impossible task. that accompanied the investment. “It was the more direct 350km (approx. 220 miles) By the end of October 2015 commissioning a difficult project. It’s not just the tram, but route from Poznan, the convoy had to cover was underway and the first test tram left the also the modernisation of many roads, the 650km (over 400 miles) as not all roads could depot on the night of 19 November. construction of bus lanes, upgrading many accommodate such an extended vehicle. The official opening took place on 19 kilometres of underground utilities, building As the convoy could not travel during the December 2015 in front of the town hall, beautiful cycling paths and changing the daytime, it took two nights to reach Olsztyn, where the launch of the first Allenstein trams public space. It includes a modern, intelligent arriving on the morning of 12 June 2015. As was celebrated 108 years ago. The ceremony traffic control system.” the first tram stayed in Poznan for testing and was modest, but significant. “We have The new tramway had long been part of homologation, the first to arrive was No. 2. waited a long time for our project to reach everyday conversation in Olsztyn and on

"The official opening took place on 19 December 2015 in front of the town hall."

ABOVE: Interior of a Tramino at night.

RIGHT: The Wysoka Brama terminus at the end of the first day.

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org MARCH 2016 / 93 Olsztyn

the opening day a real excitement could be observed. The trams were packed and as a ‘thank you’ for the residents’ patience, travel THE VIEW OF AN OLSZTYN TRAM DRIVER – DOROTA RAK was free of charge until the end of the year. frightened as to how I would to be careful. Here and there The new tramway is almost 11km (seven manage such heavy equipment. are the cars, intersections, miles) long, with a trunk route, two short I suspect that it was easier for roundabouts, pedestrians etc. branches and a route to the depot. As the me as I drove the articulated Once I accelerated to more system was built from scratch it could be buses in Olsztyn. Nevertheless, than 70km/h, almost 80, and freely laid out, allowing separate tram lanes, despite the fact that these buses the instructor encouraged me: creation of the joint bus and tram lanes and are 18m long, I was still stressed. “More speed, more!”. It was the use of so-called Viennese stops (boarding We trained on old trams, going so fast, we were going from a raised traffic lane). The trunk line where there is not so much down an incline and I was electronic equipment, so it was afraid that I wouldn’t be able to section is double-tracked – as well as the easier to get accustomed to the stop the tram. After all, a tram’s depot track and the route to Piłsudskiego, vehicle. braking distance is much longer with the exception of the last stop near Why did you want to be a than for a bus. the old town. Only the branch towards the Q tram driver? How different is it University is single track with passing loops. The company announced Q driving a tram and a bus? Your exam was a kind of This decision is surprising given the plans to A it was seeking volunteers The first thing I missed in Q Christmas gift? extend this line to the University campus. to sign up for the driving course. A the cabin was the steering We had a theory test in Employees up to 45 years of age The network uses bi-directional trams, so wheel [laughs]. “What do I do A Elbląg, then the practical were allowed to apply, so I was there are no loops at the terminal stops. with my hands?” I asked! part in Toruń. This took place on just inside the limit. I wanted to Setting off is very different – a 23 December 2014 and quite a What’s more, there are a few stops with an try something new. tram is a lot heavier than the bit of time had passed since the island platform – a unique feature amongst bus. Another thing is that you training, but when I sat in the Polish tramway networks. Q The course took place in have to constantly keep your cabin, I remembered it all. Toruń. How was it? foot on the 'dead man’s' device. It is much better now riding Initial lessons learned A The course was fun, but at But no matter whether you with passengers than with an The tramway is destined to be the backbone the beginning I was a little drive a bus or a tram you need empty tram. of the city and its launch offered an opportunity to remodel the bus network, too. the first days of operation. Part of this can be a further three trams is being discussed. Some of the routes were closed, some were attributed to the ongoing calibration of the January brought fresh issues. When the modified, and new feeder lines appeared. new Intelligent Traffic System (ITS), but also temperatures dropped well below freezing Additionally, time-valid tickets were the automatic point operation system failed the rails broke in four places; in every case introduced to complement single journeys. and line 1 was cut short for a few days; not it happened on welds. “If the welding is done Line 1, linking Wysoka Brama (in the Old calling at Wysoka Brama, the last stop. at too high a temperature, it can damage the Town) to Kanta with a terminus at Jaroty, It was therefore decided to increase the structure of the material within the weld”, began services on 19 December 2015. Other journey time of each route from the start explains Piotr Grzymowicz. As such the services were introduced gradually, as not all of the New Year. “We had to realistically infrastructure is to be thoroughly inspected. of the new drivers had amassed the required approach the subject. This opening period 35 hours before the launch day. Line 2, was to give us an answer as to how it would Where next? between the railway station and Kanta, was really look under everyday conditions”, Olsztyn wants to focus on the further inaugurated on 27 December and the last commented Paweł Pliszka, a spokesman for development of its tram network. Officials line, linking the railway station with the Olsztyn’s public transport operator ZDZiT. have already presented some ideas of what University campus, joined the system on New Line 1 sees the most frequent operation; in they want to do. “We would like to make Year’s Eve. The last line will be appreciated peak hours the trams run every 7-8 minutes a circular route via Witosa, Krasickiego, by students from all around the region, as and after the timetable adjustments the Leonharda, Pilsudskiego, and Dworcowa to Olsztyn offers the best higher education journey time is now 20 minutes. Line 2 takes connect with the existing line”, states the facilities in the area. 22 minutes to reach the station, and line Mayor. Such a system would serve Expectations for the new tramway were 3 takes 16 minutes. The extended journey Michelin – the region's biggest employer. high but optimistic journey times, which times created a problem of insufficient rolling The creation of the tramway ring is the were officially envisioned, proved unrealistic. stock. As a result, operates only every main plan for Olsztyn. The city also has This resulted in significant delays during 30 minutes on working days and an order for complementary options such as extending tracks along the university campus or a few Tramino 3003 in front of the town hall. connecting lines in the middle of the future ring. “These are the alternative elements that can be implemented at a later stage, when the costs will allow it”, says Andrzej Karwowski, Director of Tram Investment. Olsztyn has already contracted a company that will create the whole concept and will gather necessary documentation. “This is a very important, crucial stage”, says Piotr Grzymowicz. “This will be one of the most important documents when Olsztyn prepares an application for external funding.” Mayor Grzymowicz emphasises that, without the tram, so many changes could not have been introduced in Olsztyn. The main task for the new means of transport is to improve and increase the importance of transport in Olsztyn. “With the trams we can modernise the entire public transport system for the city, its residents and all who want to use it”, says Grzymowicz. “Let us hope that, despite the initial teething problems, residents are willing to use the new means of public transport.

94 / MARCH 2016 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org Advertorial DESIGNING BEAUTY: DUBAI TRAMWAY

Not an overhead wire in sight: All 10.6km of the Dubai Tramway is fitted with Alstom’s APS ground supply system, as specified by SYSTRA. Hywell Waters/Panos-REA

The UAE state of Dubai is used to world firsts, but the opening of its fully catenary-free first modern tramway line in November 2014 wasn’t without its technological challenges – and innovative solutions.

he brief presented by the collecting device, and the client insisted Leading the way to a wire-free future Government of Dubai to project that no technical support buildings or fixed And where Dubai leads, surely others will management consultants SYSTRA equipment should be visible at street level. follow. A number of Middle Eastern states for the new Dubai Tramway – the The chosen solution was APS II are already showing an interest in similar first tramway ever built in the Gulf (Alimentation Par le Sol), an adaptation schemes (as well as new-build systems in Tregion – was simple: deliver the world’s safest, of the Alstom ground electrical supply already showing an interest), waking most comfortable and environmentally- system originally supplied for the successful up to the possibility that public transport friendly tram to run efficiently at Bordeaux tramway under the supervision of might provide a real challenge to the rule of temperatures in excess of 50˚C with 100% SYSTRA. The system relies upon a third rail the private car. But perhaps the real lesson humidity, high levels of salinity (and therefore that is broken into alternate neutral and live is for the historic cities of Europe. Dubai is corrosion) and the constant presence of sand sections. Power is only supplied to the live all about the new, but Bordeaux and other and fine dust. Oh, and make it beautiful! sections when they are fully beneath the French cities have shown how effectively a The last requirement on that list – the need tram car – usually two lengths of live rail at catenary-free tramway can integrate into an for the tramway to make a positive aesthetic any one time – with the supply triggered by historic townscape and win public approval. contribution to one of the world’s most radio signals sent in advance from the tram. The installation of a tramway network carefully planned cities – was by no means the This means that any danger to pedestrians or does not have to mean that beautiful least important. It ruled out overhead catenary animals is completely nullified. historic spaces become despoiled with and considering the available technologies at To deal with the problem of sand covering festoons of unpleasant wires to the dismay that time, meant that a ground-feeding power the power rail, the 11 Citadis 402 low-floor of local commuters or visiting tourists. supply was the best solution. trams supplied for the system were fitted Why shouldn’t an Edinburgh or Manchester with brushes and the switch boxes that benefit from tramways that demonstrate the Choosing a solution power the rail are air-conditioned to cope discretion and elegance of Bordeaux or The project presented a range of special with the extreme temperatures. The entire Dubai or yet to be proven alternative challenges for a flush-mounted third rail, 10.6km (6.6 miles) of the system was powered solutions based on onboard stored energy however: the constant presence of sand and in this way, making it the world’s first fully technology. And what could that do for dust would interfere with power pickup catenary-free tramway, yet another first in a public interest and enthusiasm for trams and with the life expectancy of the current lengthening list. elsewhere in the world?

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org MARCH 2016 / 95 Wire-free debate IS THE TRAMWAY WORLD READY TO GO WIRE-FREE? From batteries to supercapacitors, from ground supply solutions to hydrogen fuel cells onboard vehicles , the technology exists to take down the overhead wires from our towns and cities and run trams – but what are the costs, and what are the benefits?

here has been discussion in recent years, much of it on these pages, of the need to reduce the capital costs of tramway construction and operation. TOne area of keen attention has been the reduction of the provision for overhead power supply, yet, fascinating though these ‘new’ systems are, it must be demonstrated that these technologies meet a real need and are not simply ‘solutions looking for a problem’. TAUT has brought together three experts with nearly a century’s combined experience on tramway development and engineering for an open discussion on the topic.

Scott McIntosh: ‘Aesthetic objections’ to tramway overhead are often raised on new schemes, however it must be asked how real are these objections. It is true that many modern installations are singularly ungracious, but the OLE on UK systems such as Sheffield and Edinburgh, for example, is very neat and unobtrusive. TAUT Jim Snowdon: It is fair to say that, compared to first-generation overhead, the design with polyester cable being noticeably Research by the UK’s Passenger Transport on earlier second-generation systems was fatter than the steel wire traditionally used. Executive Group (now the Urban Transport not exactly elegant, if anything because The contractor’s response is often that while Group) in the 1990s showed that this whole the designers had more background in steel might be less obtrusive and longer bill amounted to 20-30% of the total Capex. railway electrification than tramways. lived, polyester costs less – a factor that is Is this still true and are the earth current A neat overhead network is achievable if the unfortunately significant when funding protection methods and utility diversions designer understands that its task is simply mechanisms force the emphasis adopted in UK tramways really necessary? to get power to the tram and is not a means of on construction rather than whole-life cost. interconnecting the substations. JS: So long as tramways use conventional dc Croydon’s overhead was, in many ways, a Nico Dekker: It is quite unpredictable which traction supplies, whether via an overhead classic example of over-heavy construction, cities consider aesthetics when making largely on account of the use of double important design decisions. It would contact wire, polyester span wiring and appear that often the overhead supply is, OUR PANELLISTS traction poles that were, by most standards, in aesthetic design terms, treated as the Scott McIntosh is a regular TAUT commentator on pretty industrial. To be fair to the designers, poor cousin to stop furniture. In reality the design, planning and technical issues. With 30 the double contact wire was required by the power supply equipment may be far more years background on projects in the UK and system specification, but a neater, and intrusive. German systems are particularly overseas, he began his LRT career on London’s long-established approach, is to use single disappointing; French and Spanish Docklands Light Railway (DLR), later taking contact wire, reinforced electrically by a tramways however show what can be done. London Tramlink from inception to tendering. He parallel cable run alongside the track. I have fought many a battle to convince then spent 12 years with Mott MacDonald, and has Such an installation is slightly more authorities that spending an extra worked on advisory panels for UITP and APTA. complex and expensive, but it is far neater EUR100 000 and devoting a small amount and the parallel feeder will have a long of attention on the appearance of the Jim Snowdon is an electrical and rolling stock specialist with 40 years in the industry, including service life. It worked for the Victorians, who overall infrastructure really pays off. 11 years at London Underground, six years at had far bigger problems with voltage drop, Some arguments I’ve won, but others DLR and 11 years at Croydon (now London) and it still works today in Europe and indeed I’ve lost and every time I travel on such Tramlink. He is currently employed by UK rail on some of the more recent UK tramways. systems I cannot help feeling what could infrastructure owner and manager Network Rail. An added benefit is that with a single wire have been. the weight and the tension in the overhead is Nico Dekker owns Railway Systems Consultants halved. That in turn leads to less strain on the SM: There are claims that the installation of and has over 30 years experience of light and traction poles, particularly at curves, allowing conventional OLE adds considerable cost to heavy rail and rapid transit schemes, including the development of many of the UK’s modern thinner and less obtrusive poles to be used. a tramway. There are the substations, poles tramways and extensive work for both local and Visual appearance is influenced a lot by and wires and the earth current leakage national authorities on projects in Europe and Asia. the means by which the overhead is held up, containment methods to be considered.

96 / MARCH 2016 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org The Alstom-supplied tramway in Dubai uses an evolution of the Bordeaux APS ground supply system to supply its Citadis trams, re-engineered to cope with the extreme conditions of heat and dust. While this is a useful testbed for a long-term operational trial, could many other cities afford this kind of technology? Neil Pulling contact wire or any other system, with return There are few occasions where one would current Chinese systems or the Brookville via the running rails, the threat of stray divert utility services for stray current system used in the USA) current will be held against the tramway. protection; in most cases they are moved l Systems where the car has a primary This is unavoidable, but management of the because they obstruct the tramway or access generator on the car, balanced with energy risk can have a significant impact on the costs would be made impossible without major storage, such as the TiG hydrogen fuel cell of a tramway. disruption to services in cases of emergencies. system, the Parry LPG-flywheel and various The behaviour of electricity is the same What is less clear though is how often such forms of hybrid buses. in Europe as it is in the UK, although from emergencies actually occur and if valid Each has its own merits and each works the design of UK tramway track one could be risk-cost analyses are made. very differently. forgiven for thinking that stray current was a More work is needed to obtain a solid major problem. The result is over-engineering. statistical picture of failure rates; if you ND: At one stage, Bombardier promoted Traditional track elsewhere in Europe is can save five out of the 50 million spent on supercapacitors as a means of achieving founded on a mass concrete bed with the diversions costs and once every ten years modest runs ‘off wire’, and more recently rails cast in, while the UK counterpart is a you need to have a short section of two-way advocated a system of inductive power supply concrete slab filled with steel reinforcement, working for a few days then that may be from coils embedded in the road surface. supporting rails set in various forms of worth it; at the moment it seems to be belt The latter seems to have gone a bit quiet polymer compound. This is more complex to and braces. lately however. build, and accordingly more expensive. Once the decision is taken to step back The same result is obtainable by providing from heavily-reinforced structural track slab, JS: Network Rail published a study into the trackbed excavation with a plastic sheet opening up the track to get a utility crossing simpler ways of electrifying secondary lines liner before pouring the concrete slab; any is much simpler. The girder rail used for street about two years ago; I hope this stimulates reinforcement is minimal and intended to track will span quite a sizeable gap without firms to develop onboard storage solutions. control cracking, not collect stray current. additional support. Ground supply ND: The capital percentage is probably a bit SM: There are three main approaches to SM: Although the APS systems seem to work less than 20-30%, but a lot depends on the ‘wireless’ operation: well in France there are still questions around civil engineering cost of the whole scheme. l Ground supply systems where surface their installation costs and reliability in It is a myth that stray current containment/ conductors are switched on as the car harsher climates. As yet we seem to have mitigation adds much to the capital cost; passes over them, Ansaldo's Tramwave and little to no data on the maintenance cost of careful use of the reinforcement in the Alstom APS systems are examples of this the infrastructure or the lifecycle of all that trackbed in embedded track is all that is l ‘Short hop’, where the car’s onboard complex switchgear in the ground. needed. Our company was involved in the energy store is topped up at every stop and In France APS is only used on segregated Manchester Metrolink extensions, achieving by recovery of braking energy (e.g. Siemens sections of track, can one use the supply cost-efficient designs. SITRAS HES (Hybrid Energy Storage), the infrastructure in mixed running or is it only

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org MARCH 2016 / 97 Wire-free debate

OPINION: SIMON JOHNSTON, TAUT EDITOR

Although less convenient, a direct connection is almost always the best solution. IT specialists will tell you that LAN is better than Wi-Fi, a desktop computer is usually better than a laptop and we all know that a landline is often clearer than a mobile phone. For this reason I can’t see a future where the overhead wire disappears completely. More of the new-build systems announced each year specify an element of off-wire operation – usually based upon political considerations I would suggest – and as the latest ones won’t open until 2020 the technologies have a few more years to improve and work the bugs out. It's worth noting that the most mature tramway markets, Germany and further east, seem slower on the uptake for their new lines and upgrades – it would be interesting to know why this is. However I still contend that the technology to enable a wire-free world won’t come from the railway industry. Just compare the battery R&D budgets in our industry against the automotive and mobile technology sectors. So the breakthrough may well come from Toyota, Apple, Honda, Google, Samsung or LG – by which time they will have cars that could well rival even the best mass transit system, possibly The Brookville battery solution saw its debut on the Dallas Streetcar; it has proven successful in operation and making our next leap forward a devil in disguise. the company has since seen orders for the under-construction Woodward Avenue line in Detroit. Vic Simons suitable for segregated tracks? I also wonder “We are often told that finite lives and replacement is not going to about skid problems for rubber-tyred be cheap. There is also the matter of how vehicles crossing the track. Will this lead to ‘the perfect traction rapidly the technology goes out of date to more Roe v South Yorkshire risks? [1] the point where re-equipment, rather than We also need to know the difficulty of battery is only a few years replacement, becomes necessary. This is not fitting the collection gear under the cars, necessarily the first thing that the salesmen particularly if they are 100% low-floor away’, sadly we have want to admit to… vehicles. Additionally, what is the cost of the kit, both the APS collectors and the batteries been told that since 1880.” SM: There is certainly a benefit in having a needed to cover for interruptions in supply? way of storing energy during braking and but that probably applies to trams themselves using it to ‘unstick’ the car from a stop. JS: The Roe case highlighted the fact that as well. In other words, the design-life of the The energy demand profile of a tram shows having a steel tram rail standing proud of the power supply is linked to the tram’s life. a very high demand in the first few seconds road surface can be a hazard, to the extent and falling during its run to the next stop, that the actual path taken by road vehicles, JS: I would agree as far as the non-overhead so if some of the waste energy can be stored it especially cars, needs to be thought about collection systems are concerned; unlike can significantly reduce overall demand. quite carefully. Mainland Europe has a more the overhead contact wire – which has relaxed attitude, possibly by virtue of the fact served everybody since Sprague came up ND: There are major advantages in storing that street tramways are still commonplace with it – the other systems are proprietary. energy on the vehicle; we did some work and road users know what not to do. However, It is difficult to see Alstom, for example, on this for a project in Groningen in The in the UK adding what is, in effect, a third rail letting another car-builder have use of its Netherlands and even with a relatively short in between the running rails could well give APS system. wireless low-speed section you do need quite rise to significant issues for road traffic. a hefty battery/capacitor bank. Short hops However, despite the added weight ND: In Bordeaux the issue of mixed running SM: The technology for this seems to be (which could be as much as a tonne for all came up as it was causing deformation/ moving apace and Chinese suppliers have the equipment which you carry with you all excessive wear of the contacts at locations developed an elegant system with simple the time), and the considerable replacement where the track crossed the carriageway. overhead power supply integrated into cost of tens of thousands of Euros per tram In general mixing with heavy highway traffic the tramstop shelter. I recall proposing after perhaps seven or eight years, overall would not seem advisable. However, if the something similar in the 1990s, but the then one can make energy savings benefitting the application of the ground feed is limited to promoter failed to take it up. environment and of course reduce operating historic centres, removal of heavy traffic from This solution relies upon a reliable onboard cost. Space can also be found on most these centres could allow the use of APS. energy store, probably both a battery for trams without detriment to the passenger longer distances and capacitors to accept accommodation. SM: All the ground supply systems are the rapid charging from energy recovery. The main advantage comes from the proprietary, what happens if the operator These storage units must take up space in the ability to recuperate a large proportion of wishes to buy additional cars from another passenger saloon, add weight and both have the braking energy as you are no longer car builder – will they be able to buy the a finite lifespan. Do we have any accurate dependent on the overhead line being kit and fit it to another manufacturer's cars? data on how long they last and how much receptive (I am afraid, the energy savings We have seen what happens when they will cost to replace? from traditional regeneration from the trams manufacturers cease to support a product I understand that the Roma trolleybuses into the line are often overstated). (GEC Maglev, Bombardier GLT ) is there a risk that were fitted with batteries are out of use The corollary is that there is effective APS could become an orphan technology? because the batteries cost too much to replace. “peak-lopping” of demand on the substations which means existing substations can power ND: There is an obvious issue with proprietary JS: I can’t comment on the Roma more trams in-section or new substations can equipment with regards to single sourcing, trolleybuses, but these components do have have a lower peak rating.

98 / MARCH 2016 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org WHENEVER AVAILABLE

PEAK HOURS

WHEN NECESSARY Hydrogen generation Renewable energy THE GRID CONTINUAL OFF-PEAK HOURS

ONCE DAILY

ADVANCED HYDROGEN BATTERIES FUEL CELL Hydrogen storage REGENERATIVE and dispensing BRAKING

Hydrogen fuel cell-powered streetcars have been in Offering a completely ‘green’ solution, the Oranjestad streetcar uses renewable energy to generate power for operation in Oranjestad, Aruba, since 2012. TIG/m the vehicles while also feeding the power grid – this significantly reduces the grid demand for operations.

SM: We are often told that ‘the perfect and it is part of the rationale for the fuel cell for public transport when better alternatives traction battery is only a few years away’, tramway in Aruba. are available would seem a backward step. unfortunately we have been told that since Is the equipment reliable in traction use 1880. Is it achievable in the near future? and is it affordable in total lifecycle terms? ND: An often-overlooked option is to use And what will the Health and Safety people energy storage mid-point between two ND: There has been a significant advance in say about large tanks of hydrogen being substations or anywhere where significant battery technology using Li-Ion types which carried through busy streets? regeneration is likely. It is a means to make the are inherently less sensitive to the age-old overhead line 100% receptive and payback problem of rapidly decreasing life due to JS: We still have limited knowledge of time is relatively short. It also reduces the part-discharges. fuel cell operations, although there are peak loads on the substations. But, this has The use of supercapacitors combined with hydrogen-fuelled buses running in London, the potential to make fault protection quite batteries is key to a successful longer-term albeit only a small number. The small size complex. The presence of large capacitors solution; capacitors take the strain of rapid of the fleet may be as much to do with the in the input stages of modern dc traction charge and discharge much better than logistics of fuelling them as anything else, equipments made a significant difference to the batteries. This does of course need a but there has certainly been no rush to the characteristics of short circuits. sophisticated power management package, increase their numbers. but it then becomes feasible to make short JS: Long live the electric tram! Other than hops off-line and to recover the energy ND: The first TIG/m streetcar has been using onboard hydrogen fuel cells, it is the efficiently. operational in Oranjestad, Aruba,[2] since only practical means of getting transport Where currently systems are equipped December 2012. A second streetcar has that is zero-emission at the point of use. with longish wireless sections, it remains to been running since July 2013 and a third Thereafter it is an argument between the be seen if the battery can last for a reasonably has joined the fleet. Operation seems to be relative efficiencies of bulk electricity economic time as deep discharges limit satisfactory, but it would be valuable to have generation and transmission versus that of their life severely. Therefore, technically it an operational report from Aruba in the near using electricity to generate hydrogen and is possible to have long gaps between supply future. converting that back into electrical power points, but it all comes down to economics. I am afraid I do not know much about on the vehicle. There is not really sufficient real-running fuel cell technology other than to observe experience to prove the applications yet. that the power density of the two elements and all the gear are not as good as diesel NOTES Onboard power generation and petrol engines and even less than SM: There seems to be a case for fuel cells in electric-motored vehicles where all power 1. Roe v South Yorkshire was a case for negligence some road vehicles, particularly HGVs and generation is effectively off-line, thus saving brought in 2003. The claimant sought damages PCVs that currently use diesel engines – is weight and space. after his car was involved in an accident when there a case for trams which have the benefit The case for internal combustion-energy a wheel struck a part of a tramway standing proud of the road surface and he suffered serious of an external, green, power source which store systems seems to be very weak. Is injuries. The claimant won on a finding that can result in a relatively lightweight vehicle? this system worth considering for urban whilst a small difference may be safe, here the rail The hydrogen fuel cell cycle from power or tramways? Are Parry People stood sufficiently proud of the roadway to lift the generation to power at the wheels is also Movers making a mistake in moving from tyre from the roadway and break its grip. relatively inefficient, it can probably only their short-hop concept to their ‘gas cruisers’? be justified for tramway operations where 2. Since 10 October 2010, the Kingdom of the there are large-scale supplies of renewable SM: The use of combustion engine-powered Netherlands has consisted of four countries: energy available at times of low demand. urban transit vehicles using fossil fuels moves The Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao and St Maarten. The power can then be turned into hydrogen away from the concept of “zero emissions Aruba and the Netherlands have agreed on an agenda of improvements in the areas of law and ‘bottled’ for later use. This is certainly at point of delivery”. In a time where it is enforcement, urban quality of life, and legislation, the argument deployed in Aberdeen (UK) increasingly recognised that air pollution is a which they will be tackling in the next few years. for the use of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles serious public health matter, using fossil fuels

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org MARCH 2016 / 99 BIM in light rail

The complex layout at Canary Wharf showcases BIM’s usefulness for the many specialised components that may otherwise require more regular physical inspection.

DLR: BIM INNOVATORS Creating a digital model and asset database that allows detailed interrogation of every component of the Docklands Light Railway has already delivered significant dividends, reports Tony Streeter.

magine a world in which costs fall, The opportunities for every discipline organisation Transport for London and new productivity rises, projects are seem virtually boundless and indeed the team members to bring fresh thinking, this delivered more swiftly, co-ordination UK’s new HS2 high-speed railway is being means that the various lines that together is improved – and you have much built, operated and maintained in its make up eastern London’s light metro are better information about the state of entirety in a highly-detailed virtual world. now part of a fully digitally modelled railway. yourI assets throughout their entire lifecycle. This allows each element to be refined, Those in the know will evangelise how optimised and analysed as to its impacts No more information silos technology is unlocking the benefits of on every other component and its wider DLR BIM Manager Andy Millar told TAUT Building Information Modelling, commonly environment over a period of many years that while BIM itself is nothing new, the known as BIM, which unites previously before a shovel even enters the ground. decision to undertake such a large project – disparate information on projects and assets In what is believed to be a world first on it has taken three years so far and is ongoing in an unprecedented way. its scale, the Docklands Light Railway in – was driven largely by the UK Government’s BIM processes deliver benefits at every the UK capital has already brought together White Paper for BIM Level 2 adoption by stage of the life of any structure allowing state of the art digital survey and modelling 2016. The return on investment has been a much greater level of collaboration and technologies and created a unified digital almost immediate through more obvious clarity of representation between project system for its infrastructure that ties together benefits such as avoiding repetition of promoters, design teams, construction drawings and models with relational surveys and investigative works. But there contractors, operators, maintainers, databases that contain a wealth of knowledge is so much more. the supply chain and the all-important about every component. Using both In practical terms, DLR’s adoption of accountants. established internal experience from parent BIM means that rather than having to search through drawings, or to physically All of this station furniture and systems inspect something themselves, anybody are included in the new BIM system. with access to the system’s Common Data Environment (CDE) can check the status of any individual asset – down to a platform seat, light fitting or even a poster frame. Using a customised version of a base package that can be bought ‘off the shelf’, the CDE has therefore amalgamated silos of information under a uniform framework that now gives a complete overview of both the physical and intrinsic properties of every element of the DLR. The data held in what the DLR terms its Graphical Information System (GIS) includes high-resolution aerial photographs, as well as 3D modelling of existing structures.

100 / MARCH 2016 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org WHAT IS BIM?

Often confused with a new technology or software package, Building Information Modelling is actually a process that describes the gathering and collation of information in one place, digitally, which can be accessed by different parties. The concept is far from a new one (being initially conceived in the early 1970s), however it has taken four decades for computing power and mass connectivity to allow it to truly fulfil its original ambitions. Core to the concept is the creation of a digital Common Data Environment (CDE) to hold everything from two-dimensional drawings (2D) and three-dimensional models (3D) through to information on project management (referred to as 4D), cost management and analysis (5D) and facilities management (6D). As such, BIM is categorised by different levels of ‘maturity’ – level 0 being purely the use of Computer Aided Design to create drawings; level 1 adding the inclusion of use of 2D and 3D modelling; and level 2 introducing the CDE. Level 3 includes the creation of a real-time integrated model. However, the benefits of BIM go far beyond the initial design and construction phases, bringing advantages in ongoing asset management (both in terms of maintenance and upgrade scheduling, environmental modelling and cost forecasting), as is now being demonstrated on the Docklands Light Railway. BIM has been credited with bringing about efficiency savings of up to a quarter, and authorities have been increasingly keen to see its adoption. In the UK, the Government set up the BIM Task Group (www.bimtaskgroup.org) with the aim of achieving adoption of at least Level 2 BIM by central Government departments by 2016 to help reduce both the capital cost and carbon burden of the built environment. The UK’s British Standards Institution has a number of documents relating to BIM, including PAS 1192-2: 2013 (Specification for information management for the capital/delivery phase of construction projects using building information modelling). For a further analysis of how BIM can benefit construction projects, there are a number of useful articles, tutorials and videos at www.theB1m.com The DLR features many elevated stretches and complex track arrangements, which benefit from the use of BIM to reduce the number of surveys required, thereby minimising service disruption.

Millar explained that due to the vast remote access by authorised third parties BIM brings benefits amount of legacy information generated in – via a dedicated web portal. Information London’s DLR serves a major part of the the 28 years of operation and management is available as downloadable read-only eastern side of the UK capital, carrying of the network, the view was taken that documents to facilitate costing work to hundreds of thousands of people every day this was so disparate in nature that a new be undertaken, or initial designs to be and providing key connections through digital catalogue of the entire asset discipline developed; if it is then issued for the purposes one of the world’s most important financial portfolios – which cover 88km (55 miles) of of review, it becomes ‘quarantined’ to prevent centres. As such, it forms a vital part of the track, 44 stations, two depots and two control further changes being made. country’s public transport infrastructure. centres – was deemed the most efficient way A further facility under development will In 2014-15 the DLR transported more of populating the system. allow members of staff to update the system people than ever before in its history, and Laser scanning of station areas and in real-time from a mobile device to report also achieved both its best ever customer track formations has taken place, with the incidences of vandalism or damage using the satisfaction figures, and increasing departure information gained being overlaid on survey GIS interface. and availability scores. Those in charge of data to create 3D component libraries – this is Although this functionality is already the system argue that BIM played its part then updated element by element to build a commonplace on urban rail networks, it will in achieving that, although Millar adds continually evolving programme that allows add another valuable use to the BIM model that encouraging acceptance has formed a users to click on any point and see all that is in the creation and operation of a completely key part of the successful adoption of the known about the asset in question. virtual network that perfectly mirrors the new technology. The aerial photography of the network is a everyday physical one. While initial objections came from all core element of the GIS; this is linked to the Millar also described how the scalable demographics and age groups, Millar is DLR’s asset management database and other nature of the model allows for almost pleased to note that through an educative documents to bring all asset information limitless further levels of detail to be added and collaborative approach many of those together into one place – termed by the DLR in the future as technology develops; one who expressed reservations at an early stage as its ‘single source of truth’. such example is the facility to provide are now among the biggest advocates having Being cloud-based, the information in virtual walk-throughs utilising augmented seen the benefits and efficiencies that the the GIS can be accessed – and this includes reality systems. model brings.

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org MARCH 2016 / 101 BIM in light rail

Raw point cloud data within a station environment. A TruView image with 3D asset tagging.

These benefits have included significant l Collaboration of all parties at the design Further cost savings – as well as increasing cost savings – with a claimed minimum of stage – made possible by the Common Data the safety of workers – can be achieved in GBP420 000 (EUR548 000) over the first Environment – helps in the elimination of the construction phase through the easy six months of implementation – as well as risk during the design process. access to surveys, 2D/3D CAD infrastructure successfully reducing both worker risk and information and aerial photographs from passenger disruption. The need to access the Do it once, do it right anywhere and at any time. network’s trackside (both during operational The other key benefit of BIM is the value The success of the DLR in using BIM means and non-operational times of day) has fallen for money it brings at all stages of planning the Docklands-developed system can be used with the reduced need for physical surveys, and delivering new projects – everything to showcase best practice as other areas of brought about by the ability to gather data in from new lines to upgrades on both major Transport for London (TfL) look to develop real-time from the BIM system. and minor systems. Internal and authorised their own BIM systems. In the London Rail external parties can access the same up to directorate this includes TfL’s Overground Reducing risk date pre-construction information, helping heavy rail suburban system and London Using BIM has brought a reduction in the risk to make the processes of tendering and cost Tramlink (but not the world-famous Tube, through working on the DLR’s lineside in a definition both more accurate and efficient. which is separate). Also joining the TfL number of key ways. These include: At the design stage, remote access to such family in due course is the massive 136km l Inaccessible live assets can be ‘virtually information for suppliers and contractors (85-mile) Crossrail project, which is due to measured’ and data interrogated during who may be geographically distant brings open in stages by 2019. operational hours, obviating the need for further reductions in time and cost: as a The new BIM system is also in the process physical surveys. specific example, providing a model of of being accredited by Lloyds Register. If l Previously untraceable information is now Beckton Depot to Thales to underpin the successful, DLR will be the first public body readily available, further reducing the need design of signalling upgrades saved the DLR to achieve such accreditation from the Lloyds for manned surveys. GBP300 000 (approx. EUR392 000) in quoted Register, which is then expected to use the l The ability to remotely determine which survey costs. The DLR has separately saved a DLR method to create compliance criteria for assets will become life-expired at any further GBP120 000 (approx. EUR157 000) in similar organisations. given time helps preventative maintenance quoted survey costs by being able to confirm (reducing potential disruption) and further platform accuracies using trackside laser Thanks to Sara Kent and Andy Millar from DLR. reduces the need for surveys. survey information. All images courtesy of Transport for London.

GIS image showing tagged assets and an information dialog box. Point cloud data overlaid onto high-res images, allowing interactive measurements.

THE DOCKLANDS LIGHT RAILWAY The first two routes of the Docklands Light Railway opened in 1987 as part As well as being essential in connecting the City of London with the major of a regeneration scheme for the rundown area of eastern London that had new Docklands financial centre of Canary Wharf, the DLR serves major traffic previously been sustained by the city’s docks. Automated from the start, generators such as the ExCel exhibition centre and also played a major role in the standard-gauge DLR has since then steadily expanded into an 88km transporting crowds during the London Olympic Games of 2012. (55-mile) network with multiple routes. It now runs both north and south of Run as part of the Transport for London family, as part of TfL’s London Rail the River Thames and also connects to the major rail interchange at Stratford grouping, the DLR has since 2014 been operated by a consortium of Keolis International. The network map is not the only aspect of the DLR to have and Amey under the name KeolisAmey Docklands in a franchise that runs expanded since its opening, however: increasing use led to a project to raise until 2021 (with an option to continue until 2023). The system had previously the length of trains from two cars to three. been run by Serco.

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Visit www.SmartRailEurope.com ORGANISED BY Geneva

Within 20 years Geneva has trebled the length of its tramway and created SYSTEMS SWITZERLAND a high-capacity mode to meet the unusual FACTFILE demands of a Geneva growing cross-border No. Geneva, metropolitan area, 102 Switzerland discovers Neil Pulling.

enève (Geneva) is residents include a large transient Bombardier which had roots in services begun in Switzerland’s second proportion, many being highly Cityrunner 868 1862. Geneva was Switzerland’s first city and the biggest in rewarded during their stay. The jobs on Avenue de and formerly biggest tramway, also its Francophone area. Geneva supplies draw significantly on France with a including interurban lines. The system service to Nations, Administratively Genève- lower-cost French communities in the was 125km (78 miles) long in 1925. using a section GVille (January 2015 population: same metropolitan area, the national Still prominent in the network with opened in 2003 197 376) is the central commune of border being around Geneva’s south under the Tram modern stock and six lines covering Geneva canton (482 545) that wraps and west. Commuting is integral to Sécheron project. 30km (18.6 miles) of route, trolleybuses around the western end of Lac Léman city functions, finding expression in were introduced in 1942 under (Lake Geneva). The Rhône’s progress transport policy including the late 20th tramway management. Wider bus through the lake ends at Geneva. Century decision to make trams the and trolleybus coverage saw tramway Restored to river dimensions, it is high-volume carrier for the urban area. reduction; TPG now operates around soon joined by the Arve tributary. Public transport’s collective identity 230 buses and 90 trolleybuses. By Substantial hills line the skyline, with and fare structure in the cross-border 1969 there remained a single tramline the Alps beyond to the south and east. area is Unireso, drawn from the French about 8km (five miles) long between A natural site for early settlement words for ‘one network.’ Amongst the Carouge and Moillesulaz, wholly south and convergence of trading routes, operators of Unireso’s 423km (263- of the Rhône. Still as , it remains Geneva as a refuge for protestant mile) network is Transports publics part of today’s metre-gauge system, communities fleeing persecution was genevois (TPG), an autonomous public featuring a four-minute peak interval an early example of its multi-national body which identified 539 900 and with Moillesulaz being one of two identity. Much later it accumulated average daily journeys for 2014. tram stops at a French border crossing. offices for worldwide humanitarian TPG was formed in 1977, taking on the All photography by Also in Unireso, several heavy rail and commercial organisations. Today’s interests of the private CGTE tramway, Neil Pulling stations in the urban area play an

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THE FLEET

Geneva's fleet roster includes 39 BombardierCityrunner (861-899); capacity 409, 66 seated – 32 Stadler Tango (1801-1832) capacity 388, 80 seated – 24 Düwag Be 4/6 (in series 801-826) capacity 180, 43 seated – 22 Düwag Be 4/8 (831-852) capacity 264, 64 seated. Opened in 1992, a multi-level site at the south of the system between Bachet-de-Pesay and De-Staël stops is TPG’s administrative centre and also the only tram maintenance/ storage facility. Reflecting fleet growth, space for seventy 44m trams is being included on a second site, Chardon, now under construction and due to operate from early 2019. Just off the Route de Meyrin tracks near the airport’s southern perimeter, Chardon is better located than Bachet-de-Pesay to service the system’s newer developments. The trolleybus depot shared with buses is Jonction, a site formerly used for trams near the Rhône-Arve confluence. Geneva has changed its fleet colours over the years, with TPG vehicles now predominately white, with varying degrees of blue and orange; all-over advertising is prominent.

ABOVE: Motive power for Geneva’s system expansion, a Stadler Tango turns at Palettes as a Bombardier Cityrunner awaits departure for Nations.

LEFT: Pont de la Coulouvrenière, first of the two Rhône crossings for the modern expansion.

BELOW LEFT: The overhead installation for trams and trolleybuses around Basilique Notre-Dame de Genève.

BELOW: Hess/ Kiepe BGT-N2C trolleybus 742 and Stadler Tango 1817 on the Bernex line near the Arve’s Pont de Saint-Georges.

“Transports publics genevois (TPG) was formed in 1977, taking on the interests of the private CGTE tramway, which had roots in services begun in 1862.”

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NETWORK FACTS Opened: 1862 (electrification from 1894) Lines: 4 Distance: 33.1km (20.7 miles) Depots: 1 (+ 1 from 2019) Approx. weekday hours: 04.30-00.30 ABOVE: Temporary track deviation on Route de Chêne Line frequency: 4-12 minutes for the CEVA project in May 2014. The original Eau-Vives Gauge: 1000mm station is above the CEVA hoarding. Power: 600V dc overhead supply ABOVE: New extensions have Fleet: 116 a high level of traffic segregation: Operator: Transports publics the Meyrin-Gravière branch genevois (TPG) opened in December 2009.

LEFT: A French TAC bus in INFORMATION the Unireso network returning City network: www.tpg.ch to Annemasse at Moillesulaz,

an interchange for TPG Regional network: www.unireso.com line 12 trams. Civic information: www.ville-geneve.ch BELOW: With a backdrop of (Canton: www.ge.ch) the Haut Jura and the French Tourist information: border about 300m distant, www.geneve-tourisme.ch Bombardier Cityrunner 897 turns back outside the CERN site. “The tram system was 125km (78 miles) long in 1925, but by 1969 only a single line about 8km (five miles) long remained – between Carouge and Moillesulaz.”

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Courtesy of TPG

LEFT: Gare-Cornavin combined BELOW: Paired Düwag 806 tram and bus platforms: the main and 841 pass TPG’s headquarters line station is to the left. at Bachet-de-Pesay.

important network role. As Geneva by Cornavin and Plainpalais to the Airport is the terminus for many long south. Six arms radiate from this distance domestic rail services, this area. Opened in December 2003, the reduces transfers to city transport at shortest arm is 2.2km (1.4 miles) north the main , Genève- from Cornavin, the ‘Tram Sécheron’ Cornavin. Completing Cornavin’s project for the previous (now identity as a transport hub is the part of ). It ends at a terminus dispersed cluster of tram, bus and loop outside the League of Nations trolleybus stops collectively titled Gare building, now a major United Nations Cornavin. Its focal point is a pair of site. Extension of two southern arms long, roofed tram/bus platforms outside completed a circuit by 2006, although the station’s main entrance. Preceding it is not operated as such. this structure, the return of trams north The line from Cornavin to termini of the Rhône and to the Cornavin area at Meyrin-Gravière and CERN, the came in May 1995, a forerunner of the European nuclear research centre of system’s transformation from survivor Large Hadron Collider fame, opened in status to network mainstay. stages from 2007 to 2011. It exemplifies The system’s core is now a narrow a move towards suburban LRT with a area including a pair of Rhône high level of traffic segregation and less crossings, bounded in the north frequent but more substantial stops.

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The concurrent ‘TCOB’ project, existing and abandoned rights of way. Cornavin – Bernex park-and-ride It includes the former SNCF branch completed in late 2011, included the from Geneva’s once tram-linked system’s second Rhône crossing using Eau-Vives station to Annemasse, the restructured Ponts de l’Île which the eastern 2km (1.2 miles) being in incorporates Bel Air stop. Following France. The seven stations and new these additions, TPG simplified the connection between the two national configuration of services to four normal networks will, in the view of a local lines - 12, 14, 15 and 18. With less environmental minister, ‘completely track-sharing, there is a presumption change our mental geography’. For the of passengers changing at intersections tramway, CEVA will have new transfer like Bel Air and Plainpalais. facilities at Chêne-Bourg, Eaux-Vives The oldest trams are by Düwag- and Bachet stations. Vevey-BBC. Modified and including This new Franco-Swiss link does low-floor space, deliveries in original not preclude the tramway extension form began in 1984. The two- and from Moillesulaz to Annemasse. three-section versions are usually Unlike the railway, trams would run coupled, creating the system’s most along an urban thoroughfare that capacious (444 passengers) and longest currently warrants a high level local formations at around 52m. With doors bus service. Another proposed cross- on one side, they are not coupled back- border extension of about 2.5km (1.5 to-back. Of necessity uni-directional, miles), CERN to Saint-Genis-Pouilly they only work routes with turning differs in that the French town is not loops and are thus prominent on line contiguous with the Swiss built-up 12. The expansion programme did area, and the project is strongly linked not include turning facilities, thereby with park-and-ride use. At present requiring bi-directional trams. around 25 000 vehicles cross daily Preceded by two examples hired at CERN. Another plan is a 6km from Łód in Poland to handle (3.8-mile) line 15 extension south- demand, the first type was the fully west from Palettes to the French town low-floor BombardierCityrunner of Saint-Julien-en-Genevois. (Flexity Outlook) delivered from 2004. Of interest to intending visitors, These were followed by Stadler’s Tango around 50 TPG stops are in the process from 2011. Respectively 42m and 44m of changing name to avoid duplication ABOVE: Built in 1817 and due for reconstruction in 2016, Carouge long and 2.3m wide, both are air- or for simplification in the national Bridge has carried Geneva’s tramway since horse-drawn days. conditioned and run as single units and transport system. For example, Marché are used interchangeably. Although becomes Carouge-Marché and France “The line from Cornavin to low-floor space is provided across the (originally Sécheron after the nearby fleet, level boarding is not system-wide. SBB station) changes for a second time, termini at Meyrin-Gravière CEVA (Cornavin - Eaux-Vives - becoming Maison de la Paix. Summer Annemasse) is currently Geneva’s 2016 will also see service revisions due and CERN opened in stages biggest transport project. Likely to to the rebuilding of Carouge Bridge, fully open by late 2019, the new 16km when Armes becomes a temporary from 2007 to 2011.” (ten-mile) heavy rail line partly uses terminus for lines 12 and 18.

RIGHT: Work in progress at Carouge-Rondeau loop.

BELOW: Avanchet served as a temporary terminus during the project to extend the system from Cornavin to Meyrin-Gravière and CERN.

ESSENTIAL FACTS Local travel: A Zone-based, cross-mode system, TPG information points are What is there to see? Both south of the Rhône, Old Town around St Pierre located near Cornavin, Bachet-de-Pesay offices and at Rive stop in the Old Cathedral and the Italianate Carouge are amongst the more attractive areas. Town. Tickets from machines, widespread at stops/stations. Trams wholly in Including the landmark Jet d’Eau fountain the lakefront gives vistas of the zone 10, for which those using registered accommodation should be provided surrounding area. Tours include CERN, Palais des Nations and the with a ticket inclusive of their stay. One-hour tickets CHF3; day-tickets (Carte Red Cross/Red Crescent museum. Covered by zone 10 tickets, mouettes foot journalière) CHF10 (CHF8 after 09.00) cover two people on Saturday or Sunday. ferries cross at several points. Lake cruises including steam vessels, see City public transport is covered by Swiss Travel System tickets/passes. www.cgn.ch. Preserved tram collection and tours: www.agmt.ch

108 / MARCH 2016 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org London, 5 October 2016 ENTRIES OPEN 4 APRIL Best Customer Initiative Best Environmental and Sustainability Initiative Employee/Team of the Year Manufacturer of the Year Most Improved System Operator of the Year Outstanding Engineering Achievement Award Project of the Year EUR50m Significant Safety Initiative Supplier of the Year EUR10m Technical Innovation of the Year (Rolling Stock) Technical Innovation of the Year (Infrastructure) Judges’ Special Award Vision of the Year For advanced booking and sponsorship details contact: Geoff Butler – t: +44 (0)1733 367610 – @ [email protected] Alison Sinclair – t: +44 (0)1733 367603 – @ [email protected] www.lightrailawards.com Worldwide Review

ALGERIA AL-JAZAER (Algiers). Contracts for the construction of the next metro extensions, a 3.6km (2.2- mile) southern branch to Ain Naadja and a 1.7km (1.05-mile) northern extension to Place des Martyrs, have been awarded to a consortium of Colas and Kou G C. The EUR117m contracts are due for completion by late 2017. RGI

AUSTRALIA CANBERRA. Approval has been given for the Gungahlin light rail line and its planned extension to Russell. On 1 February it was announced that the Canberra Metro consortium had been selected for the AUD698m contract; Pacific Partnerships Lyon Alstom Citadis trams at the new Grand Stade terminus, designed to cope with football crowds. Y. Allain with John Holland for design and construction, CAF for the 14-tram BRAZIL of target. It is understood that (Canton). Trial rolling stock order and Deutsche RIO DE JANEIRO. Service on Bombardier has offered to supply operation on the extension of the Bahn for operation. ABC News the Santa Teresa tramway was eight more cars free of charge line to Yangang MELBOURNE. The new extended from Largo do Curvelo to on top of the 204-car order, and started on 28 December. RGI ‘Superstop’ at Clarendon/ Largo do Guimarães (the junction promised that 55 cars will be in GUIYANG. A 34.3km (21.3-mile) Whiteman Street in South for the Paula Matos branch and Toronto by the end of 2016. metro is under construction Melbourne was built in January. the depot connection track) from The 8.6km (5.3-mile) Spadina with rolling stock to be provided A three-track layout was installed 28 December, making the overall line extension to Vaughan is by Nanjing Puzhen SR Rail outbound in Clarendon and a length of route served now 2km (1.2 reportedly CAD400m (EUR262m) Transport in association with siding for the Restaurant Tram miles). Service is still considered to over budget and will not be ready to Midas Holdings of Singapore. IRJ service. G. Sutherland be in a test phase and continues to open until the end of 2017. Mayor HONG KONG. On 15 January NEWCASTLE. Expressions of be limited to 11.00-16.00, running Tory has modified his SmarTrack used a interest have been invited for the every 20 minutes and fare-free. heavy rapid transit proposal by ceremony at Whitty St depot to design and build contract for the The service on the main line dropping the West line in favour of launch its TramOramic Tour, a 2.5km (1.6-mile) tramway linking is expected to reach Dois Irmãos a western extension of the Eglinton sightseeing tour onboard partly Wickham railway station and the before the Olympics this August. Crosstown light rail line. open-top double-deck tram 68 city centre. IRJ The track connecting Largo do The latest plan for replacement modified to a 1920s style. SYDNEY. The opening of the Guimarães and the depot has not of the Scarborough RT line is for The HKD95 ticket (EUR11) for Dulwich Hill tramway extension been rebuilt and is not operational; the Bloor – Danforth subway to the one-hour tour from Western in early 2014 saw passengers using the new cars are stored at Carioca. be extended to Scarborough Town Market also includes two days the tramline increased by 60% in A tram driving simulator has Centre, with no intermediate unlimited travel on regular trams. 2015; 18 more peak period weekday been delivered for the Porto stations, and the Eglinton HUAI’AN. It now appears that trips have had to be added, giving Maravilha system. This is the Crosstown LRT to be extended. the tramline was inaugurated on an eight-minute headway. SMH first such equipment in South D. Drum 28 December, after a few days of America and was built by Madrid passenger-carrying trials. Service AUSTRIA University’s Railway Technology CHINA is provided by 26 four-section GRAZ. The extension of tramline Research Centre (Citef) in Spain. . Two metro extensions low-floor trams built by CRRC 7 to the medical university is due S. J. Morgan, IRJ were commissioned on 26 Zhuzhou, with electrical to open on 10 September. DS SALVADOR. The final 2.2km December; a 16.6km (10.3-mile) equipment from Siemens that INNSBRUCK. The EUR60m (1.4-mile) section of the 11.9km extension of and a 10.6km features onboard energy storage. order for 20 Bombardier Flexity 2 (7.4-mile) metro line 1 opened (6.6-mile) extension of the The 20.3km (12.6-mile) line cost LRVs for the Regionalbahn project on 22 December, 12 years after Changping line. The system now CNY3.65bn (EUR510m) to build was signed on 19 December, and construction should have been totals 554km (334 miles). RGI and equip. RGI includes 16 years of maintenance. completed. IRJ CHANGSHA. Trial operation on . Metro operation Delivery will start in 2018. DS an 18.5km (11.5-mile) maglev line started on 26 December on the LINZ. Tramline 3 was extended to BULGARIA linking the railway station and 28.7km (17.8-mile) line 1, making Trauner Kreuzung after a ceremony SOFIA. Five more PESA Swing 122N airport started in December. the city the 24th in China to be on 26 February. It is hoped to have been ordered for EUR8.3m, On 28 December the 4.6km served by a metro. IRJ bring to Schloss Traun on due for delivery later this year. (2.9-mile) western extension of NANNING. Trial passenger runs 2 September. BS Siemens has sponsored the metro line 2 to West Mexi Lake was on the 10.4km (6.5-mile) section WIEN (Vienna). B1 775 was the restoration of two-axle tram 92 as opened for trial operation. RGI of metro line 1 between East last ULF tram to be delivered in an information point in the city CHENGDU. A third metro line, Railway Station and Nanhu started 2015. Withdrawn in December centre. transphoto.ru line 4, opened in December. RGI on 20 January. Revenue operation were E1 4507, 4747/97, 4830/49/52 CHONGQING. Jiangbeicheng is planned for 28 June. RGI and c4 trailer 1350. BS CANADA station on metro was opened SHANGHAI. T h ree met ro TORONTO. Exhibition loop is on 28 January. urbanrail.net extensions were opened on BELGIUM closed from 3 January until August FUZHOU. Test running on the 18 December, completing the ANTWERPEN. The last tram to to permit infrastructure work, 24.9km (15.5-mile) north–south development plan for the system be delivered in 2015 was with services 509 and 511 cut back. metro started on 4 January using announced in 2005 and taking Bombardier Flexity 7321. Crew Delivery of Bombardier trams 28 six-car trains supplied by CRRC the network to 617km (383 miles). training on started on reached 4415 by the end of the Tangshan. Passengers should be They were a 21.4km (13.3-mile) 4 January. A. Janmart year with 13 in service, five short carried from April. RGI south-west extension of line 12,

110 / MARCH 2016 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org a 9.8km (6.1-mile) extension of 12.1km (7.5-mile) rubber-tyred line 13 and an 8.6km (5.3-mile) metro line 14 by the end of 2022. elevated extension of . RGI Platform edge doors will be SHIJIAZHUANG. Approval has installed at all stations. been given for a three-line metro STRASBOURG. T h e for completion in 2021. IRJ extension to the centre of WUHAN. The 33.2km (20.6- Illkirch-Graffenstaden is mile) metro line 3 was opened on planned to open on 23 April. 28 December, using six-car trains The first powered trials took place from CRRC Changchun. RGI on 13 January. TC-Alsace.eu TOULOUSE. A EUR6m contract CZECH REPUBLIC to upgrade VAL automatic metro BRNO. Of the three remaining line 1 has been signed with Tatra RT6 trams, only 1802 has Siemens, to increase train lengths operated in service recently; 1803 from 26m to 52m by the end of may be restored to operation and 2019. An order for additional 1801 donated to the Technical rolling stock is planned. J IR Museum. Twenty Škoda 13T single- TOURS. The first snow since the ended low-floor articulated trams tramway opened two-and-a-half are due to arrive in 2016, as well as years ago fell on 18 January and four four-axle Vario LF1 and three electrical supply was interrupted six-axle Vario LF2 from Pragoimex. for a time due to a general power The return of trams to Torino line 13 on 8 January, with 5017 at Capo Madre PRAHA (Prague). The last Škoda failure affecting the northern part terminus. D. Quaglia 15T to be delivered in 2015 was of the city. lineoz.net 9357 and ex-Strausberg KT8 9056 events on 2 April. Tatra KT4D R2 trams are to be refurbished by has entered service; 12 withdrawn GERMANY 401/5 have been passed to the IFTEC in Leipzig to join the 50 Tatra KT8D5 trams have been AUGSBURG. Agreement has Eisenbahnfreunde Thüringer for already in service; 2114/70 were acquired from Miskolc in Hungary been reached on financing for its Weimar museum. BS In Leipzig in January. BS to be rebuilt with low-floor centre the 4.6km (2.9-mile) extension of ESSEN. The withdrawal of NAUMBURG. A EUR126 000 sections to become 9099-9110. BS tramline 3 to Königsbrunn. BS Stadtbahn-M cars 1101-16 has been grant has been received to help BERLIN. From 13 December completed; the survivor is works finance the restoration of Reko ECUADOR line 60 was revised to operate car 616 (ex-1115). Newer trams motor tram 51. Restored 1928 QUITO. Metro construction Johannisthal – Friedrichshagen of this type, 1404/8, have been ex-Halle Lindner tram 17 should was formally inaugurated on and line 21 Wendenschloss – SBhf stripped for spares. BS re-enter service this spring. BS 19 January. The USD2bn, 22.5km Köpenick. Line 63 is Adlershof – HALLE. The relaid and realigned POTSDAM. Tatra KT4D set (14-mile) line from Quitumbe Mahlsdorf-Süd. Coupled Tatra sets tracks at Steintor were brought into 150+250 has been scrapped. Day to El Labrador will be worked by remain in service on 37, 61 and 67. use from 21 December, returning ticket prices were left unchanged 18 six-car trains from 2019. IRJ U-Bahn line U2 is cut back from services to normal schedules. BS from 1 January, but seven-day Ruhleben to Olympia-Stadion HEIDELBERG. S i n c e 13 tickets for zones AB/BC/ABC are EGYPT from March to November to December every other line 24 now EUR13.10/12.80 and 19.70. BS EL QAHIRA (Cairo). A permit new cabling to be installed. tram has been extended to RHEIN-RUHR (VRR). A new memorandum of understanding Day ticket prices for zones Schriesheim to give the latter area fleet of 48 ET422 S-Bahn sets have has been signed with Chinese A B/BC/A BC are EUR7/7.30/7.60 a direct link to the university. BS been purchased by VRR from interests for the construction of from 1 January. Equivalent seven- KIEL. The city council has decided DB to provide service on lines S1 metro line 6. RGI day prices are EUR30/31.10/37.20. to carry out a study into the and S4 from December 2019. DB BOCHUM-GELSENKIRCHEN. re-introduction of trams on a will maintain and repair these FRANCE The opening of the new alignment north–south line, after the CDU trains for 15 years. BS BORDEAUX. Ten more 44m for line 310 in Langendreer and decided to support the proposal. DS WÜRZBURG. The state has given Alstom Citadis trams have been Witten has been postponed KÖLN (Cologne). A 470m the green light for the construction ordered for EUR28m and will be from 2017 to 2019 due to civil extension of line 3 from Mengenich of the 1.3km (0.8-mile) extension used on line D from 2018. The engineering problems. DS to Schumacherring Schule in of tramlines 1 and 5 at Grombühl tramstop Bassins a Flots has been CHEMNITZ. The Stollberg – Bocklemund has been approved. to Uni-Klinikum, and tenders will renamed Cité du Vin. IRJ Chemnitz Hbf service has been KREFELD. Rheinbahn interurban now be invited for construction. It PARIS. Public consultation renumbered from 522 to C11. The tram service U76 returned to is hoped a state grant of EUR17.9m has started for the extension of new Citylink tram-trains should the rebuilt Rheinstrasse terminus will be made available. DS tramline T3b from Port d’Asnieres enter service from April on the from 9 January. DS to Porte Dauphine, the latest stage following lines: C13, Burgstadt – LEIPZIG. The firm order with HUNGARY of this orbital line. Chemnitz Hbf – Zentralhaltestelle; Solaris for new low-floor trams BUDAPEST. Services in Buda Parisian transport authority C14, Mittweida – Chemnitz has been increased from 5 to 14; were reorganised from 16 January STIF (Syndicat des transports Hbf – Zentralhaltestelle; C15, 27 options remain. The tramway upon the reopening of the tramway d'Île-de-France) has exercised its Hainichen – Chemnitz Hbf – museum is open on the third link Vörösvari út–Margit híd– option with Alstom and ordered Zentralhaltestelle. Sunday of each month May- Batthany tér–Clark Adam tér, 15 Citadis Dualis tram-trains for The first tram stop to be September. On these days there and now operate as follows: 17, EUR75m for use on line T4, where modified for Citylink cars with is an hourly link from Hbf (09.40- Bécsi út–Déli pu–Savoya Park; 18 a new 6.5km (four-mile) branch 380mm platforms was installed at 15.40) using preserved cars. BS withdrawn; 19 north, Bécsi út– is under construction, and enter Theaterplatz in November. BS MANNHEIM. The 6.4km (four- Margít hid–Clark Adam tér; 19 service in 2019. DESSAU. The tramline to mile) Stadtbahn-Nord tramway south, Clark Adam tér–Kelenföld; The Declaration of Public Kreuzbergstrasse no longer has extensions (Rhein – Haardtbahn 41, Clark Adam ter–Kamaraerdei Utility of the EUR22.6bn Grand a Sunday service. Also from 11 line 4 running through to Ifjúsági Park; 47, Deák Ferenc tér– Paris express metro was made January tramway operation on Waldfriedhof/Benzbad) is Városház tér; 49, Deák Ferenc tér– on 28 December; the first section weekdays ends an hour earlier. BS planned to open on 12 June. The Kelenföld; 56, Hüvösvölgy–Móricz should be carrying passengers DUISBURG. Adtranz Variobahn RHB service will be improved Zsigmond körtér–Városház tér; 56A, in 2025. 2000 left Duisburg for Norway on to a 20-minute frequency. The Hüvösvölgy–Móricz Zsigmond RATP has awarded a EUR67m 4 December. Käfertal – Heddesheim service will körtér; 59, Márton Áron tér–Szent contract to Siemens to install ERFURT. Sixty years of Gotha become line 5A. János Kórhaz; 61, Hüvösvölgy– automatic train control on the trams will be marked by special MÜNCHEN (Munich). Five more Móricz Zsigmond körtér. Route 67

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station at the Bungalow has been are being extended for three-car deferred pending repairs. trains, and extend the line north Both lines suffered significant by 1km (0.6 miles). S. J. Morgan damage between and Parson’s Farm crossing and plans NETHERLANDS are being progressed to bring one AMSTERDAM. Line 51 will be track back into use for the start of cut back to Zuid in 2019 due to the 2016 season, with single line the closure of the subway link working between Laxey and the to Buitenveldertselaan. The line Bungalow. As repairs continue, to Amstelveen Westwijk will be both tracks will be brought back rebuilt for operation with low- into use through the season with floor trams only, and the terminus temporary pointwork if necessary. will see the creation of a depot for The points at the summit have 26 double-ended trams. This work been renewed, replicating the will be completed in 2020. original single-blade turnout but The last Blokkendoos high-floor moved slightly to the edge of the tram, 794, was withdrawn after Sapporo tram 1201 is greeted at the opening of the new tram link in the Japanese public access area. The planned operation on 11 December. city on 19 December 2015. H. Usui renewal of the points next to the The last of the original metro single line section leading from sets to be withdrawn were 12, 28 is peak periods only and service IRELAND Laxey station and at the entrance and 37 on 3 December. A farewell 19 will work across Clark Adam DUBLIN. The National Transport to the Snaefell sheds may need trip was organised on 19 December tér when rebuilding of the tunnel Authority (NTA) reports strong to be rescheduled owing to line using 23, which is destined for a under the Széchenyi Lánchíd public transport performance in damage. transport museum in Lelystad. OR (Chain Bridge) is completed 2015 with passenger numbers on The SMR carried 52055 DEN HAAG. Siemens Avenio in March. all modes up by 3.6%. passengers in 2015, up 8.4% on trams up to 5050 had been Ten more 6000 series trams have Luas saw the largest growth – up 2014. The figures do not include delivered by the end of 2015. been purchased from Hannover, 6.1% to 34.6 million passengers, a passengers carried on dining From 18 January all turns on line 2 with 6109/14/5/32/76/91 the first 20% increase over the 2010 figure services or at special events, or were Avenio worked. OR to be delivered in January. and with each year in between private charters and any carried ROTTERDAM. Until August line Metro line M4 was authorised showing stronger growth than between intermediate stops. E to Den Haag will be cut back to for automatic train operation from other modes. Laan van NOI so the new station 6 January. RGI Iarnród Éireann (Irish Rail) ITALY above Den Haag Centraal can be has seen numbers rise by 5.3% PISA. An automated peoplemover completed and connected. OR INDIA over the year while Dublin Bus, is under construction to serve the AHMEDABAD. Metro Link which carries over half of all 1.8km (1.1-mile) link between NEW ZEALAND Express has invited tenders public transport passengers Stazione FS and the airport, using AUCKLAND. Consultants have for 96 metro cars for 2017-18 in Ireland (119.5 million), was former railway right of way. An recommended that light rail be delivery. The standard-gauge up 2.8% despite the Luas Cross intermediate stop will serve a park- examined for a 21km (13-mile) three-car trains will serve the City construction works in and-ride facility. M. Schiefelbusch link between Britomart and first phase of a planned network, Dublin city centre. TORINO. After two years of the Airport, a project estimated the 19.4km (12-mile) east–west bus operation, line 13 was tram- to cost NZD1.1bn (EUR655m). line. Finance is provided by the ISLE OF MAN operated again from 7 January, A decision on whether to plan Japan International Co-operation . using both 5000 series partly low- for trams or a heavy rail line is Agency. Track renewal at Fairy Cottage/ floor cars, and2800 series classic due later this year. NZ Herald On 17 January the foundation Lambs Crossing began in October trams. The service remains bus stone for north–south metro line and is due for completion before operated on Sundays. D. Quaglia NORWAY 2 was laid. More trains will be the start of the season, as is the OSLO. The metro link between required for that. IRJ renewal of overhead wiring from JAPAN Sinsen and Ökern was opened DELHI. The implementation of Head to Howstrake. SAPPORO. The 404m tramway on 10 January, also the rebuilt pollution control measures on Maintenance works continue on link between the northern section of line 3 between Hellerud road vehicles saw the metro offer a number of structures including terminus of the Yamahana line and and Böler (Böler – Mortensrud a 13% increase in service, with 198 the parapet wall and handrail the Ichijo line’s eastern terminus will follow on 3 April). BS trainsets in use each day. RGI at Bulgham Bay. Plans for the was opened on 19 December, with KOCHI. The first of 25 three-car Ramsey Plaza interchange are revenue service the following day, PAKISTAN Alstom Metropolis being built for being redrafted following initial permitting the tramway to operate LAHORE. A 27.1km (16.8-mile) the 25.6km (15.9-mile) line was refusal. If the project progresses as an 8.9km (5.5-mile) circular metro (25.4km/15.8 miles on unveiled on 2 January. IRJ satisfactorily, the MER will operate service. A month after opening elevated alignment) is being from a new temporary terminus. traffic on the tramway was up by financed by a USD1.55bn Chinese INDONESIA The rebuild of car 14 is progressing 10% on weekdays. H. Usui loan, and should be carrying PALEMBANG. A 22.5km (14- with the help of volunteers. passengers by 2019. IRJ mile) two-route light rail project The Manx Electric Railway MALAYSIA to the airport, costing IDR7.2tr carried 72 182 passengers in KUALA LUMPUR. The first of 14 PANAMA (approx. EUR480m), is planned 2015, up 8.8% on 2014 (based four-car metro trains being built PANAMA CITY. Alstom is to to be built before the 2018 Asian on passengers boarding at Derby by Bombardier for the Kelana Jaya supply 70 more Metropolis metro Games. It appears that the scheme Castle and Ramsey on timetabled line was unveiled on 18 January; cars to permit trains on line 1 to involves an elevated automated passenger trams only). The Isle of the driverless trains are powered be extended from three to five cars, mini-metro. en.tempo.co Man Railway was up 1.2% to 100 by linear induction motors. IRJ with delivery from early 2017. The SURABAYA. Tenders have been 653. This was based on passengers contract is worth EUR130m. IRJ invited for the construction of a boarding at Douglas and Port Erin MEXICO 17km tramline from Wonokromo on timetabled trains only. GUADALAJARA. The World PERU to Jalan Indrapura, estimated to SNAEFELL MOUNTAIN Bank is funding the procurement LIMA. Siemens has been awarded cost IDR1.2tr (approx. EUR80m). RAILWAY. Significant damage of 12 two-section 29.56m LRVs the electrification contract for Graphics show surface operation, was caused by the December 2015 from Bombardier for MXN752m the two metro lines now under but refer to the trams as being floods and the planned relaying of (EUR38m) to increase capacity construction, the 27km (16.8- battery-operated. en.tempo.co the up line around the old power on line 1, where platform lengths mile) east–west line 2, and the 8km

112 / MARCH 2016 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org RHÄTISCHE BAHNEN (RhB). McLoughlin toured the Victoria Restaurant cars WRf 3816-7 have ‘Tube’ station refurbishment been sold to the Chemin de Fer de project in January to see progress la Baie de Somme in France. EA on work worth GBP700m (EUR920m). Works are due to be TAIWAN completed in 2018 and include a KAOHSIUNG. The need to new underground northern ticket pre-book in order to sample the hall at the junction of Bressenden demonstration tram service was Place and Victoria Street (due this removed on 24 December. Trams year) plus a larger southern ticket run every 30 minutes 09.00-19.00. hall, nine new escalators, a new Regular revenue service was interchange tunnel connecting expected to start in late January. the two ticket halls and new lifts. Focus Taiwan Holland Park Tube station closed for eight months from 2 January TURKEY to allow the replacement of lifts. BURSA. New double-ended The station will be given a general PESA Swing tram 116 at the opening of the Fordon tramway extension in Durmazlar Silkworm 100% low- refurbishment at the same time. Bydgoszcz, Poland, on 16 January. MZK floor trams are 261-2. Ten more NOTTINGHAM. Performance are expected for line T2, that will on Nottingham Express Transit (five-mile) line 4, which will RUSSIA provide a link to the new high- dipped between September and provide a link to the airport. IRJ KAZAN. Ust-Katav 71-623 tram speed rail station. On the light November following opening 1340 has arrived (previously rail line the ex-Rotterdam SG2 cars of the new extensions. Trams PHILIPPINES operated as Samara 938 and Sankt are in service as 301-12. BS operating within three minutes MANILA. Hyundai Rotem is to Peterburg 7505. transphoto.ru of their scheduled time fell from supply 36 three-car metro sets, MOSKVA. Teknopark station on UKRAINE 97.6% to 94.5% and reliability fell signalling, communications and the Zamoskvoretskyaa metro line KONSTANTIOVKA. N o from 99.5% to 97.6%. Management power supply for the 22.8km opened on 28 December. On 18 trams have operated since mid- has indicated that a decline was (14.2-mile) MRT7 line, from an January the extension of line 1 December, apparently due to road expected as drivers and passengers LRT1 station at North Avenue to from Troparyevo to Rumyantsevo works, but a resumption of service familiarised themselves with the San Jose del Monte in Bulacan. RGI was brought into use; trains run to is doubtful. Only three KTM-5 new routes and service pattern. Salar’evo station, which will not were operational at the end. BS A report to the Greater POLAND open until local development KYIV. The first two Electron Nottinghamshire Light Rapid BYDGOSZCZ. T he 9. 3k m takes place. N. Semyonov T5B64 entered service on 14 Transit Advisory Committee (5.8-mile) tramway extension SAMARA. Us t- K at av h a s January carrying fleet numbers revealed a number of issues NET from Wyscigowa to Loskon was developed a 100% low-floor 26m 801-2. transphoto.ru has faced since the launch of the opened on 16 January, served by three-section tram, given type new routes. These include power routes 3, 5, 7 and 10 (the latter two number 71-633, and the prototype UNITED KINGDOM cuts (20 in September reducing terminating at Niepodleglosci). will be tested here. DS EDINBURGH. The cost of the to two in December), motorists The line includes a 530m bridge public inquiry into the delays, attempting to drive over Lenton over Wschód railway station. SINGAPORE cost increases and truncation that Lane Bridge (six incidents) leading PESA has aded 12 122Na Swing MASS RAPID TRANSIT. The delayed construction of the city’s to cars having to be lifted off the low-floor trams to the fleet. The 16.6km (10.3-mile) extension of first tramline has increased to more tracks, plus other non-tram road PLN290m (EUR66m) project was the Downtown line metro from than GBP2.1m (EUR2.8m) even accidents causing disruption. financed partly by an EU grant of Bugis to Bukit Panjang opened on before public sittings have been SOUTH YORKSHIRE. Work PLN209m (EUR47.5m). RGI 26 December. A new depot at Gali held. The inquiry is being chaired to prepare for tram-train operation KRAKOW. A new maintenance Batu has a capacity of 81 three-car by retired judge Lord Hardie, who was to take place during January workshop at Podgórze tram depot trains; 45 have been supplied by started work in June 2014. He and and February, with revised opened on 4 January, coinciding Changchun Bombardier Railway his investigators are currently timetables and bus substitution with the delivery of the last PESA Vehicles. IRJ assessing more than six million on the Yellow and Purple routes. Krakowiak tram. The 2187m2 documents relating to the scheme. Work includes construction of the facility cost PLN18m (EUR4m). RGI SLOVAKIA With passenger journeys 400m of new track known as the POZNAN. Tatra RT6 low-floor BRATISLAVA. The new tram/ in Scotland disrupted by the Tinsley Chord and installation of articulated tram 1804 has been pedestrian/cycle bridge over the closure of the Forth Bridge over new overhead lines. purchased from Brno to join the river Danube was completed on the December/January period, Network Rail has applied for four ex-Praha cars of this type. BS 15 December and should be Edinburgh Trams has agreed to permission to construct the new WROCLAW. Delivery of six carrying trams from March. BS carry ScotRail passengers where stop at Parkgate. Journey time 28.25m three-section Moderus they are affected by disruption. from Parkgate to Rotherham Beta MF19 AC trams (2801-6) SOUTH KOREA Google Maps is providing real- centre would be 2.5 minutes. from Modertrans started on 30 SEOUL. The Sin Bundang metro time information for bus and tram TYNE & WEAR. Nexus, the September. The order is valued at line from Jeongja to Gwanggyo passengers; live updates covering Tyne & Wear Passenger Transport PLN23.5m (EUR5.3m). IRJ opened on 30 January. Lothian Buses and Edinburgh Executive, is to replace 8.7km urbanrail.net Trams are available through the (5.4 miles) of track and trackbed ROMANIA Transport for Edinburgh app and on the North Tyneside loop. The BUCURESTI. The modernisation SPAIN the bus and tram websites. bulk of the work will take place of metro line 2, to include 16 new BARCELONA. The 20km (12.4- LONDON (TRAMLINK). The during two 15-day major line six-car CAF trains, will see the mile) extension of automated metro last in the current order for Stadler closures (19 March-2 April and EU contributing EUR95.5m of from Zona Universitaria Variobahn vehicles was delivered to 23 July-6 August). Metro lines the EUR112.3m. The first of eight to Aeroporto T1 was due to open Therapia Lane depot in December will be shut between Tynemouth CAF trains for arrived on on 19 February. urbanrail.net and in January accident-damaged and Shiremoor for the initial 18 December. RGI 2556 returned from Stadler. It closure, when 3.8km (2.4 miles) PLOIESTI. Tramline 101 resumed SWITZERLAND means a full complement of 34 of track will be replaced between operation on 31 December after 18 BASEL. BLT articulated trams trams will be available to Tramlink Monkseaton and Cullercoats. months of closure, line 102 will 101-9/11/2/4/5 were sent to following the new arrivals’ testing. The section to be closed in the follow shortly. The reconstruction Beograd, Serbia, in January; BVB LONDON (UNDERGROUND). summer is yet to be announced, was financed by EU funds. BS has sent Düwag 642/51s. BS UK Transport Secretary Patrick although it is expected that

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org MARCH 2016 / 113 Worldwide Review

3.7km (2.3 miles) will need to be CHARLOTTE, NC. The first HONOLULU, HI. A federal its tramway. Construction will not replaced between Monkseaton of 22 Siemens S70 LRVs for grant of USD250m for the under- start until 2018. E. B. Havens and Northumberland Park. At the Lynx LRT extension to UNC construction automated rapid the same time 2.5km (1.6 miles) were delivered in early January. transit line was confirmed at the MUSEUM NEWS of track drainage will be installed, E. B. Havens end of 2015. Work is 13 months BLACKPOOL (UK). T h e all part of the GBP389m (EUR511m) CINCINNATI, OH. When the behind schedule and USD26.7m Blackpool Heritage Trust fleet Metro: all change programme. new tramline opens in September, over budget. E. B. Havens at Rigby Road was enhanced in Severe disruption was caused to operating hours will be 06.30- KANSAS CITY, MO. Delivery January by the transfer of Lytham Sunderland line services in mid- 24.00 on weekdays (extended to of the four CAF trams was to be St Annes Pullman car 43 from January when a fault with the 01.00 on Fridays), 08.00-01.00 completed in March. When the Merseyside. The tram will require overhead power line led to three on Saturdays and 09.00-23.00 system opens this spring, hours a full rebuild, including the days of replacement bus services. on Sundays. A 12-minute service of operation will be 06.00-24.00 provision of a top deck, truck and will run 11.00-19.00, 15-minute on weekdays (extended to 02.00 electrical equipment. USA at other times. E. B. Havens on Fridays), 07.00-02.00 Saturdays BRIGHTON (UK). The GBP1.65m ATLANTA, GA. Fare collection DALLAS, TX. The operating and 07.00-22.00 Sundays. Rides (EUR2.2m) Volk’s Railway on the tramway loop started on time of the Oak Cliff streetcar will be free. E. B. Havens restoration project supported 1 January, USD1 for a single ride, was extended to 09.30-24.00 MEMPHIS, TN. MATA is buying by the Heritage Lottery Fund or USD3 for a day pass. E. B. Havens from February. E. B. Havens a refurbished tram from Gomaco and contributions from the city for USD950 000. E. B. Havens council and support group VERA MIAMI, FL. Skytrain service at has started. Car 3 is being restored Tramway track maps Miami International Airport did in-house in a new temporary drawn by cartographer - ON SCALE and very detailed, not operate on 22-25 December restoration shed funded as part of includes every track - out of use, depots; stops and after a derailment that saw the overall project. Cars 7, 8 and 9 route numbers - from around the world. Choose from one rubber-tyred car leave the are ready to operate during 2016. many historical and up-to-date maps. Available on guideway. E. B. Havens The funding will also provide paper and as PDF-files. New releases every March. NEW ORLEANS, LA. T he a permanent conservation Rampart Street tramway is workshop and store with viewing World’s Database of Tram, Trolleybus and Metro expected to be ready for trial gallery plus a reconstructed This MS Access database (CD or PDF-file) is a unique encyclopaedia and covers all operation in June, and passenger Aquarium station including a new known tramways, trolleybuses, metros, funiculars, rack-railways, and service in August. E. B. Havens visitor centre. people movers around the world (past & present). It shows data like inauguration- NEW YORK, NY. Construction CARLTON COLVILLE (UK). The and closure date and the gauge of each system at a glance. It contains information of the USD4.45bn first phase of East Anglia Transport Museum about the system’s layout, current collection, extension (km), Interurban routes and the Second Avenue subway was winter works programme has more - including country-maps! 90% complete at the end of 2015 included renewing part of the Free list & information: Peter Sohns, Postfach 510106, and it could open in December main tram track in Tramway D-30631 Hannover, Germany; E-Mail: [email protected] 2016 with stations at 72nd, 86th Avenue. It was hoped that the and 96th St served by line Q. work would be complete in time Nine stations on the N line in for Easter. Brooklyn were closed for 14 months HEATON PARK (UK). PMP Transport Films from mid-January for renovation Refurbishment continues on work. A non-profit organisation Stockport 5, which is currently Check out our website for recent releases and new locations. has been set up to promote the the main workshop project. Still serving electric traction enthusiasts worldwide – Brooklyn – Queens Connector Manchester 765 has also received and yes we are happy to supply those with no internet access. serving 27km (16.8 miles) of the attention to its leaking roof. 3148. Chisinau. Moldova. Trolleybuses, Buses. July 2015. 3169. Germany. Trams. 1989-1990. Features Essen, waterfront. E. B. Havens WIRRAL (UK). An enthusiast A huge city fleet with routes diverted because of pipe Dusseldorf, Krefeld, Bonn, Wuppertal, Bochum,Essen PITTSBURGH. Trac k work day is to be held on 16 April to laying. Hot weather as we find good vantage points. plus some railways and preserved Berlin d/decker. will result in the Red LRT line to celebrate 21 years of operation. 3149. Tiraspol, Bender, Comrat. Moldova. Trolleybuses, 3170. Germany. Trams. 1991-1993. Featuring trips to Buses, July 2015.Two of Europe’s least known states Nurnburg, Augsburg and Munich in 1991 by Dave Cole Beechview being closed for six PMR Transniestre and the Turkish enclave Gaugauzia. and then by Ken Harris Dusseldorf 1991-1993. months from 27 March. CONTRIBUTORS 3150. Balti, Moldova, Trolleybuses., Buses. July 2015. 3171. Germany. Trams. 1994 - 1996. Two sessions in The Port Authority is looking Worldwide items should be A much improved situation with all 5 trolleybus routes Karlsruhe from the camera of our friend Ken Harris in at abandoning zonal fares, to be sent to Worldwide Editor working and a good variety of trolleys plus pole erection. spring and in summer, traditional Duewags galore. replaced with a flat fare of USD2.50 Michael Taplin at Flat 1, 10 Hope 3164. Moldova. Balti. Trolleybuses and Buses. July 2002. 3172. Germany. Trams, Buses. 1996-1997. Filmed by or USD2.75 using a proof-of- Road, Shanklin, Isle of Wight The second city in post industrial run down with limited Dave Cole and Ken Harris Dusseldorf, Koln, Augsburg, bus services but very friendly and good fun. Mannheim, Heidelburg and Freiburg plus Siegen bus. payment system. E. B. Havens PO37 6EA, UK.Fax: PORTLAND, OR. The last +44 (0)1983 862810 or 3165. Moldova and Transniestre. July 2002. Trolleybuses, 3180. Best Ever Reading Trolleybuses. UK. Trolley Buses. Break away republic of PMR with two trolleytowns Bus, Bus. 1960’s. We have strung together all we have on Siemens Type 5 LRV entered service e-mail: [email protected] plus Moldovan capital Chisinau. Reading’s popular trolley system which ended 1968. in late November. UK and Ireland items 3166. Chisinau. Moldova. July. 2002. Trolleys, Buses. A look 3205. Netherlands Transport Archive Volume 1. The conversion of the former are welcomed by the Home at many parts of this extensive system including a visit to This DVD contains all we have on Nijmegen and Arnhem the main depot and work shops. Trolleybuses, Dutch buses and Preserved Steam Tram. Vintage Tram depot at Rose News Editor, John Symons, Quarter into a base for track 17 Whitmore Avenue, Werrington, 3167. Germany. Trams. 1990-91. By Dave Cole visits Stutt- 3206. Netherlands Transport Archive Volume 2. This second gart, Karlsruhe, Esslingen ( trolleys) Mannheim, Hannover, DVD contains film of trams in Amsterdam, Den Haag, maintenance equipment is now Stoke-on-Trent, ST9 0LW, UK. Darmstadt, IAA 1989, Wuppertal Schwebebahn. Rotterdam and Utrecht 1960s-80s. complete. E-mail: [email protected]. 3168. Germany. Trams. 1989. By Margaret Bromley. Average weekday patronage Acknowledgements are due Remarkable early video footage from Stuttgart, Rhatische Many more available. Call us or visit the website to view on the Orange line was 10 900 in to ABC News, Mike Ballinger, BS Bahn, Freiburg, Koln, Dortmund and Bochum. our full range and keep up to date with new releases. November. S. J. Morgan Blickpunkt Strassenbahn, Richard , CA. F line Buckley, Croydon Advertiser, DS A SELECTION OF FILMS FROM OUR EXTENSIVE RANGE, SENT POST FREE WORLDWIDE. DVDs £15 EACH, TWO OR MORE £12 EACH. CREDIT CARDS WELCOME. tramway service was curtailed Drehscheibe, EA Eisenbahn Amateur, from 23 January to 12 February, Edinburgh Evening News, Irish operating on Embarcadero only Independent, IRJ International Rail PHP, 17 BIRCHWOOD DRIVE, LOWER PEOVER, during the Super Bowl. E. B. Havens Journal, Manchester Evening News, CHESHIRE, WA16 9QJ TACOMA, WA. Sound Transit Nottingham Evening Post, NZ Herald, Tel: 01565 722045 Fax: 01565 722038 will receive a USD75m federal OR Op De Rails, Eric Pounder, RGI E-mail: [email protected] grant from the FTA Small Starts Railway Gazette International, programme, in addition to Rotherham Advertiser, SMH Sydney www.pmpfilms.com USD15m in TIGER VII grant, for Morning Herald, TC-Alsace.eu, the 3.8km (2.4-mile) extension of transphoto.ru and urbanrail.net.

114 / MARCH 2016 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org Letters

MAILBOX Get your views into print Letters should be clearly typed and preferably not handwritten. [email protected] +44 (0)1733 367615 We reserve the right to shorten contributions for publication.

Stops and interchanges

Continuing the correspondence on stops, stations and interchanges (TAUT 936 and 938), whilst I wholeheartedly agree that timetable and ticketing information, maps and the like are key elements of a good waiting place surely the most important, and universal, requirements are decent shelter and short distances between connections. The image of Edinburgh’s pitiful attempts at tramstops that accompanied Mr McIntosh’s original article are hardly going to cope with a Scottish winter! From my experience of a wet and windy journey to Murrayfield, the narrow canopy allows rain to blow through through the shelter and cover the seats – this is form OVER function. Clean, excellent shelter from the elements, clear passenger information and The same is true of the link between modes. Some cities offer both lifts and stairs to bus connections; Szentlélek ter on the Árpád Bridge in Budapest. The bridge also features pedestrian and cycle paths. TAUT excellent cross-platform interchange while others involve not inconsiderable – and often poorly signposted – walks. Such If you have to travel between a tramstop and a bus/metro a walk is made worse if it has to be traversed through dark station then the journey should be as direct as possible and and dingy alleyways where unsuitable elements lurk. This is in a manner that is consistent with a city's overall public certainly true in many parts of Eastern Europe where vagrants transport branding so you know where you are. take, understandable, shelter from the elements. N. Miller, by e-mail

Impressions of Bratislava The tram station has obviously seen better the difficulty in purchasing tickets, and Having visited the tramway gem that is times. Looking at old maps, the terminus Bratislava is no exception. Many tickets are Helsinki, I was looking forward to Bratislava had up to six services that served all the main time based, but how do you know how long in Slovakia. This city on the banks of the branches of the system, but since reopening a journey is going to take? While a standard, Danube also has a metre-gauge tramway that the service has been downgraded to two short short timespan ticket was reasonably priced has seen some temporary closures in recent circulatory lines restricted to the city. The use at EUR0.9, there seemed to be too many ticket years but now is in the process of expanding. of old Tatra trams on the station routes, and types which led to complexity in trying to The city is dominated by the Castle that their associated poor riding qualities, does figure out what to buy at a ticket machine. overlooks the Danube. The old town lies to little to promote the service, especially for There only seemed to be a single machine the east and beyond that is the more modern tourists arriving in the city by train. at each stop, serving both platforms. city centre. Outside the centre, the tramway However, there are signs of modernisation The length of time taken to issue a ticket has three long lines stretching to the eastern on the commuter routes where low-floor created queues and I once had an experience suburbs and one to the western suburbs. Škoda trams are being introduced. There are of the machine breaking down after it had The main railway station to the north has also signs of progress on the introduction of a issued one ticket when I was requiring recently had its tramway connection link across the Danube to the large Petržalka two. What are you supposed to do in that restored after a period of temporary closure. suburb dominated by high rise Communist- situation? The station has a rundown appearance and era apartments. This line will cross the Starý Bratislava has some interesting features, the tramway terminus is almost out of sight, most bridge which is under reconstruction. including a tram tunnel underneath the castle at a lower level to the main square at the front One of the things that annoys me most and a lovely stretch of track along the Danube. of the station. as a tourist with transport interests is P. Vannucci, by e-mail

The full list of the year’s meetings and meeting places MEETINGS & EVENTS can also be found at www.lrta.org

FEBRUARY 2016 Sunday 28. Garstang: Model Friday 11. Glasgow 19.30. Steve Wednesday 16. Bristol 19.30. Alan Tramway Symposium, Lyric Hotel, Johnson: Bringing up the Rear - Wilkins: Canadian travels. Tuesday 16. Leeds 19.00. Richard Blackpool. (TLRS) cleaning up Scotland's bus fleet. (STTS) Monday 21. Liverpool 19.30. Carl Buckley: Tramways in Hannover. Saturday 12. Sutton Coldfield 14.00. Phillips: Luas. Venue: Rathbone Thursday 25. Manchester 19.00. MARCH 2016 Modelling Meeting. (TLRS) Room. (TLRS) Geoff Lomas: Trams on ciné film. Saturday 12. Taunton 14.00. Monday 21. Sheffield 19.30. Robert Friday 26. Edinburgh 19.30. John Tuesday 1. Southampton 19.30. John Vintage tramway films. (TLRS) Pritchard: A tour of Germany. Hampton: Blackpool past and present. Laker: Tram ciné film. (LRTA/SEG) Monday 14. Thames Valley 19.30. Monday 21. Wickham 19.30. AGM Friday 26. Leicester 19.45. John Tuesday 1. Cardiff 14.00. Mark Barry: Matin Jenkins: British trams in colour plus photos and slides. (TLRS) Lessells: Zurich, Geneva, Luxembourg. Cardiff City Region Metro – Responding (part 2). (TLRS) Friday 25. Leicester 19.45. TBC. (TMS) Saturday 27. Beeston 14.00. Geoff to WG Rail Franchise Consultation. Tuesday 15. Leeds 19.00. Mel Saturday 26. Beeston 14.00. Peter Tribe: Trams – Home and Away. (TLRS) Saturday 5. Birmingham 14.00. Andy Reuben: British tramways. Locastro: Models – What's on your Saturday 27. Garstang 14.00. Mike Steel: Far and near. (LRTA/TLRS/ERS) Tuesday 15. London 19.00. Jim work bench? (TLRS) Crabtree: Four Blokes and a Wedding Wednesday 9. Brighton 19.40. Harkins: The work of the LRTA Thursday 31. Manchester 19.00. John – American trams and trolleys. (TLRS) Maurice Curran: Volk's Railway. (TLRS) External Relations Group. McCarthy: Metrolink Construction.

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org MARCH 2016 / 115 Classic Trams IRISH HERITAGE 1 ON DISPLAY The Ulster Folk and Transport Museum at Cultra includes eight tramcars depicting no fewer than three forms of propulsion. Mike Russell reviews this impressive collection.

here are no working tramways Horse-drawn and steam-powered Switching to electric in Northern Ireland now, Hill of Howth was not the GNR(I)’s only There are two examples from the electric but Ireland as a whole was foray into tramway operation. A remarkable era of the municipal tramways. The older is at the forefront of tramway survivor was the 0.8km (half-mile) branch open-top double-deck car 249, substantially development when electric line linking Fintona Junction with Fintona reconstructed in the Corporation’s Ttraction was in its infancy, with some town, on which the passenger service workshops in 1905 from the body of a former remarkable pioneering ventures. Much has was worked as a horse-drawn tramway. BSTC horse-car built in the 1890s and fitted fortunately survived from the early years Introduced with the coming of the with a Brill two-axle truck. In 1908-12, and is now displayed in the Ulster Folk and Londonderry & Enniskillen railway in 1883, 43 such cars were further rebuilt with top Transport Museum at Cultra, 12km (seven it lasted until the line’s closure in September covers but 249 was one of the last seven miles) east of Belfast city centre. 1957, with the same open-top double-deck car that retained open-top and unvestibuled in use throughout. Built by the Metropolitan form. It remained in this state until retired A hydro-electric world first Railway Carriage & Wagon Company of from passenger service in 1948, by which The Giant’s Causeway Tramway was the Saltley, Birmingham, this originally carried date it would have cut an extremely antique world’s first example of a hydro-electric number 74 and was renumbered 381 in the appearance on any UK tramway; its last years tramway, with power generated by water GNR(I)’s standard rolling stock series in 1889. were spent on football specials or peak-period turbines. Opened in 1883 on 3ft 0in (914mm) The car was presented by the GNR(I) after Bellevue Zoo extras. It was then retained for gauge, it was converted from elevated outside withdrawal and is now displayed behind snow-clearance duties until the 1954 closure, third conductor rail to overhead supply in a model horse as a reminder of the days and subsequently restored in Sandy Row the late 1890s and survived until 1949, for when Dick plodded along the single line workshops and presented to the BTM in 1955. many years operating on a seasonal basis to several times a day to provide residents with A totally enclosed four-wheeler of the link Portrush and Bushmills with the Giant’s mechanical conveyance to the main line Chamberlain type (named after General Causeway. A pair of original vehicles, which railway. It is coupled to the baggage trailer, Manager William Chamberlain, who remained in service throughout its existence, which when in use was attached to the tram commissioned them) completes the display. has survived. This comprises two-axle at the Fintona Junction end. Car 357 was one of 40 such four-wheel enclosed four-window car 2 and trailer 5, the The steam tramway era is represented 68-seat vehicles built in 1930 by Brush of latter originally built as an open ‘toastrack’ by engine 2 of the Portstewart Tramway Loughborough and mounted on Maley & and later roofed to crossbench form. Company, a 3ft 0in-gauge line approximately Taunton swing-link trucks; most lasted until Another veteran exhibit is Bessbrook & 1¾ miles (2.8km) long opened in 1882 to the end of tramway operation in February Newry Tramway Company (B&N) 2, which convey visitors arriving by the Coleraine to 1954. With saloon electrical heating these survived until 1948. This was the second Portrush railway to the developing resort were popular with passengers and found to be electric line built in the British Isles (1885), of Portstewart. The 0-4-0 engine with very reliable in operation. The last to move on also laid to 3ft 0in gauge and electrified at horizontal boiler was built by Kitson of the Belfast tramways, 357 was restored in the 245V dc, generally using a third rail between Leeds in 1883 and survived until the January Transport Department’s workshops for the the running rails but with overhead wiring 1926 closure of the line because of the badly BTM in 1955. Sadly, none of the McCreary at a skew road crossing. The car was entirely deteriorated track. It is displayed in the livery cars, the last development of the Belfast Manchester-built, Mather & Platt supplying of the Belfast & Northern Counties Railway, electric tramcar, survived. the electrical gear and bogies and Ashbury which acquired the line in 1897. The tramway selection is complemented Carriage Company the bodywork. In 1942 Three representatives of the former Belfast by a nicely-restored Belfast trolleybus, 1948 its passenger compartment was replaced tramways complete the section. The oldest Harkness-bodied Guy 112. This is one of two with the body of Dublin and Lucan Electric is double-deck horse car 118 from the era of trolleybuses in the museum’s care; the other, Railway tramcar 24, built in 1900. The car the Belfast Street Tramways Company (BSTC) AEC 98 of 1941, was set aside for museum was repurchased by Mather & Platt after that preceded municipalisation in 1905. purposes in 1963 before the establishment withdrawal and presented to the fledgling It is believed that when first built by the BSTC of Cultra and restored in Belfast’s works but Belfast Transport Museum (BTM) in 1955. around 1897, the car would have been fitted later allowed to deteriorate in outside storage. More familiar to many older readers with seven-window lower saloon bodywork, Its restoration is a long-term project. will be a representative of the Great but changed to the three-window layout With its absence of working tramways, Northern Railway of Ireland U-shaped 5ft between 1902-05 and the car is displayed Northern Ireland may not top every reader’s 3in (1600mm) gauge Hill of Howth line, in this form. This car had reversible ‘garden visiting lists, but with cheap flights available which served a residential and resort area seats’ on the upper deck; earlier Belfast horse it is an entirely practicable day return visit around the northern shore of Dublin Bay. cars had ‘knifeboard’ upper-deck seating. from other parts of the UK. The Cultra It opened in 1901 and survived in GNR(I) The city had an extensive horse car system museum is recommended for those with an ownership until nationalised under Coras which was perceived as being well-managed interest in the early years of electric traction Iompair Eireann in 1958, which promptly and, unusually, its manager was taken on by and Ireland’s rich transport history generally. closed it in 1959. By the end it was the the Corporation to manage its new electric Cultra railway station on the Bangor line has last tramway anywhere in the world still tramway. Fifty horse cars were adapted for a special connecting pathway leading from operated exclusively with open-top double- electric operation and lasted for many years. the top of the footbridge directly into the deck cars. The cars featured offset trolley- The body of this example survived on a farm museum grounds. The Transport Museum masts. The vehicle at Cultra is car 4, one in County Monaghan until it was retrieved, is open Tuesday-Sunday 10.00-17.00 (winter of eight identical trams built by Brush of fitted onto a former horse-car truck, 16.00) and adult admission costs GBP9 Loughborough for the opening, mounted on restored in the Corporation’s Sandy Row (approximately EUR12), with reductions for a pair of Brill 22E maximum traction bogies. workshops and presented to the BTM in 1963. seniors, children and groups.

116 / MARCH 2016 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org 1. The only tramway exhibit from the area of the present Republic of Ireland is car 4 of the GNR(I)’s Hill of Howth tramway outside Dublin. This is one of the eight massive cars delivered for the 1901 opening and made the inaugural journey.

2. Representing the Company- operated horse-car era of the Belfast tramways is double-deck car 118 dating from around 1897.

3. Giant’s Causeway trailer car 5 was originally built as a toastrack but was later provided with a roof, thereby converting it to this crossbench form.

4. This view of the upper-deck of the GNR(I)’s Hill of Howth tramway car 4, with its twin pairs of reversible wooden seats, also illustrates its offset trolley mast.

5. The pair of cars from the pioneer Giant’s Causeway 2 tramway preserved at Cultra includes enclosed electric car No 2 of 1883. Trailer 5, of the same date, is at the rear.

6. The Bessbrook & Newry tramway was unusual in being provided with turning loops at each end, so the motor cars were single-ended. Car 2 of 1885 was later substantially rebuilt and the passenger saloon carried here was adapted from the body of Dublin and Lucan car 24; the bogies were by Mather & Platt. The front luggage 3 4 section was built by the B&N and, for display at Cultra, has been provided with a clear screen enabling visitors to view the electric motor, which protruded through the car’s floor and was carried on the front bogie.

7. The short steam-worked tram line between Portstewart railway station and town lasted until January 1926. Two of its three tram engines have survived – this is Kitson 0-4-0 No 2 of 1883, exhibited with the railway company insignia 5 6 that it would have carried after 1897. No 1 of 1882 is in the Hull Transport Museum.

8. The Fintona horse-drawn tramway branch line of the GNR(I) had become an object of pilgrimage by the time it closed in 1957. Its sole passenger tramcar, double-deck No 381 of 1883, is on display at Cultra. The car's top-deck features knifeboard seating and, amazingly, the car was designated for three classes of accommodation. 7 8 All photography by Mike Russell.

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org MARCH 2016 / 117 BOOKSHOP Order online from lrta.info/shop – or by post from: LRTA Publications, 31 Ashton Road, Wokingham RG41 1HL Postage & packing – Any UK address: add 10%; All addresses outside UK: add 20%. For Airmail despatch outside Europe: add 30%.

NOW AVAILABLE! Japan’s Colourful Tramways

Japan has had a long tradition of using trams in towns and cities as well as on rural roadside lines wandering across the country. In this new book author Colin Brown has compiled a comprehensive account of all the tramways and light rail lines currently operating, together with an overview of museums, tramcar manufacturers, ticketing systems and an analysis of recent and future developments. The book includes location and detailed system maps, historical information, fleet details, notes on ticketing and a wealth of mostly colour pictures thus providing an essential guide to the tramways of Japan that is sure to appeal to anyone interested in the subject or who plans to visit. A4 softback; 216 pages, fully illustrated in colour with numerous maps and fleet details. £27.50 plus postage & packing as shown above.

New LRTA book coming soon: Hong Kong Tramways.

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Order on-line in the member’s area of our website or by post from LRTA Membership Secretary, 38 Wolseley Road, Sale M33 7AU. £10.00 each plus postage & packing as shown above - please specify colour(s) required. IN YOUR NEXT ISSUE OF

SYSTEMS FACTFILE: WORLDWIDE TRAM LIGHT RAIL GAUGE SCHWERIN ORDERS 2016 CONSIDERATIONS Schwerin is the smallest of Germany’s Michael Taplin presents his annual The 1435mm standard gauge may not state capitals, but the north-eastern review of the global light rail rolling always be the most suitable solution city has a thriving tramway that has stock market. Who has filled their order for street-running tramways; been modernised and extended in books over the last 12 months and which Scott McIntosh considers the pros and recent years. Neil Pulling reports from are the big tenders coming up that will cons of the application of different gauges Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. have the manufacturers interested? for constructors and operators. PLUS... APRIL + Mike Russell reviews recent changes in the Belgian heritage scene ISSUE + The latest news, rolling stock orders and movements, system developments, transport policy and leading industry comment on sale from around the world 18th March

THE INTERNATIONAL LIGHT RAIL MAGAZINE Lund launches tram procurement Tenders announced for infrastructure and rolling stock for the city’s nine-stop 5.5km line

www.lrta.org he Swedish city of Lund www.tautonline.com (population 120 000) SUBSCRIBE NOW! With a planned opening for has begun the tendering 2019, the double-track segregated process for a design- alignment would see services buildT contract for the city’s first running every 7.5 minutes. The MARCH 2016 N O. 939 tramline, following city council rolling stock contract includes approval on 17 December. ten years of maintenance and an With preliminary designs for option for three further trams. the 5.5km (3.4-mile) nine-stop State transport administrator route linking Lund Central Trafikverket is contributing 38% station in the mediaeval city of the SKR776m (EUR82.5m) cost. TRAMS RETURN TO THE centre and the multi-disciplinary Although this is less than the European Spallation Source 50% for which the city applied, research centre, complete tenders the difference is expected to come were launched in January for Artist’s impression of the station at LTH Park. Metro architects and Lund Municipality from private sources, including STREETS OF OLSZTYN both detailed infrastructure developer contributions along design and construction Project procurement the route, known as Science Road, and a fleet of seven low-floor Municipality, while rolling has been divided into four which includes major commercial trams with a capacity for 130 stock, the depot and operations phases: infrastructure is and research facilities. passengers each. fall under the remit of regional the responsibility of Lund An extension to Dalby is authority Skånetrafiken. proposed in the longer-term. Soft launch for First Hill Myanmar’s Yangon tramway opens The USD132.8m First Hill In other Seattle news, three Now in its 79th year, Tramways & Urban Transit is the Streetcar service in Seattle, from Myanmar capital Yangon of the five ex-MelbourneW2 08.00-16.00; the fare is MNK100 Occidental Mall to Capitol Hill, (Rangoon), saw trams return trams, stored since closure of the (EUR0.07). The Ministry of underwent a soft launch on 23 to its streets on 11 January, Waterfront Streetcar in 2005, Rail has been advised by the January, with a ‘promotional’ when an ex-Hiroshima (Japan) have been sold to the Delmar Japan West Corporation and service offered from midday. The articulated tram (3001) started Loop heritage tramway in St it represents an investment regular timetable was operated running on 4.8km (three miles) Louis, though it is not clear how of JPY455m (EUR3.5m). The by the six dual-mode Inekon of electrified port authority these trams (which had their steps line is due to be extended east trams, but no fares were charged. track along Strand Rd from filled to become high-floor only) to Yarzadirit in December, Seattle DoT Director, Scott Wardan Street to Linsadaung. will run alongside the ex-Portland bringing it to 11km (6.8 miles). Kubly, made the announcement Myanmar Railways operates Council Crest Gomaco replica The overhead is fed at 600V dc at less than 24 hours notice, ten round trips daily from cars already leased by St Louis. from a new substation. and thanked communities and Two more W2 businesses along the 4.2km s will remain world’s leading monthly publication dedicated solely in Seattle and could be used to (2.5-mile) line for their patience provide heritage service on the during construction and testing. IN PICTURES First Avenue line proposed to Hockey inspires Mayor Ed Murray was aboard link the South Lake Union and Calgary’s new LRVs the first public tram, promising First Hill tramways. Car 2401, the first of 63 a grand opening event in the South Lake Union tram service Siemens S200 LRVs for the weeks to come, followed by is restricted until March as work City of Calgary, was unveiled revenue service (regular fare of on 15 January. The entire fleet was carried out to implement USD2.25, day pass USD4.50). is expected in service by the transit priorities along Westlake Service is provided every 10-15 end of 2017, adding capacity Avenue. On the light rail line, minutes 05.00-01.00 Monday- and replacing the 28 original service is to be extended north Saturday and 10.00-20.00 on U2 cars from the early 1980s. to Capitol Hill and the University The design is inspired by Sunday; 7500 passengers were of Washington on 19 March, six the goalie mask of the Calgary recorded on the first two days. Flames ice hockey team, chosen to light and urban rail developments. months early.

siemens.com/press following a public consultation.

Are we near a future away from the overhead line? Hamburg exercises U-Bahn option An option with Alstom for 27 the first ten to be delivered from Blizzards cripple US transit lines more DT5 three-car U-Bahn trains March 2019 and the remaining has been exercised in a contract 17 from January 2020. The trains worth EUR100m. The three-car will be assembled at Alstom’s Lund begins tram procurement plan sets are 40m in length and were German plant in Salzgitter. an option from the original 2006 The proposal that Hamburg contract for 67 trains. Five shortlisted for ‘New Tube’ stock would bid for the 2024 Olympic ISSN 1460-8324 An initial 13-train option was £4.25 Games has been rejected by exercised in March 2015, so this 03 referendum, which will mean will bring the total of this type Geneva that the planned BIM for light rail Seattle Inekon 406 running off-wire on South Broadway. R. Scheuerman to 107. This second option will U-Bahn line U5 will be delayed, and the Elbe be fulfilled in two batches with DLR innovation cuts Trams meeting the 9 771460 832043 crossing of line U4 cancelled. both cost and risk cross-border demand www.tautonline.com. www.lrta.org MARCH 2016 / 85 We deliver comprehensive news and analysis,

08/02/2016 10:48 084-087_TAUT1603_News.indd 2 01_TAUT1603_Cover.indd 1 08/02/2016 11:55 incisive technology features and key interviews with leading industry figures each and every month. Either in print or online, don’t miss out Subscribe today!

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12 - 14 April 2016

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