Universal Gate - NOR Digital Electronics 2.2 Intro to NAND & NOR Logic

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Universal Gate - NOR Digital Electronics 2.2 Intro to NAND & NOR Logic Universal Gate – NOR This presentation will demonstrate… • The basic function of the NOR gate. • How an NOR gate can be using to replace an AND gate, an OR gate or an INVERTER gate. • How a logic circuit implemented with AOI logic gates Universal Gate – NOR could be re-implemented using only NOR gates • That using a single gate type, in this case NOR, will reduce the number of integrated circuits (IC) required to implement a logic circuit. Digital Electronics AOI Logic NOR Logic 2 More ICs = More $$ Less ICs = Less $$ NOR Gate NOR Gate as an Inverter Gate X X X (Before Bubble) X Z X Y X Y X Z X Y X Y Z X Z 0 0 1 0 1 Equivalent to Inverter 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 3 4 Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2009 1 Universal Gate - NOR Digital Electronics 2.2 Intro to NAND & NOR Logic NOR Gate as an OR Gate NOR Gate as an AND Gate X X Y Y X X Z X Y X Y Y Z X Y X Y X Y Y NOR Gate “Inverter” “Inverters” NOR Gate X Y Z X Y Z 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 Equivalent to OR Gate Equivalent to AND Gate 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 6 NOR Gate Equivalent of AOI Gates Process for NOR Implementation 1. If starting from a logic expression, implement the design with AOI logic. AND OR INVERTER 2. In the AOI implementation, identify and replace every AND,OR, and INVERTER gate with its NOR equivalent. 3. Redraw the circuit. 4. Identify and eliminate any double inversions. (i.e. back- to-back inverters) 5. Redraw the final circuit. 7 8 Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2009 2 Universal Gate - NOR Digital Electronics 2.2 Intro to NAND & NOR Logic NOR Implementation NOR Implementation Solution – Step 2 Example: Identify and replace every AND,OR, and INVERTER gate with its Design a NOR Logic Circuit that is equivalent to the AOI circuit NAND equivalent. shown below. B C A C 9 10 NOR Implementation NOR Implementation Solution – Step 3 Solution – Step 4 Redraw Circuit. Identify and eliminate any double inversions. 11 12 Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2009 3 Universal Gate - NOR Digital Electronics 2.2 Intro to NAND & NOR Logic NOR Implementation Solution – Step 5 Proof of Equivalence Redraw Circuit. B C B C B C C B B C A C C Z B C A C B C A C A 13 A C A C A C 14 AOI vs NOR IC Type Gates Gate / IC # ICs IC Type Gates Gate / IC # ICs 74LS04 1 6 1 74LS02 7 4 2 74LS08 2 4 1 Total Number of ICs → 2 74LS32 1 4 1 Total Number of ICs → 3 15 Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2009 4 .

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