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Universidade Do Sul De Santa Catarina Diego Oliveira Marques De Araujo 1 UNIVERSIDADE DO SUL DE SANTA CATARINA DIEGO OLIVEIRA MARQUES DE ARAUJO ESPIÕES E AVIÕES – UM VOO DE RECONHECIMENTO SOBRE A ATIVIDADE DE INTELIGÊNCIA A SERVIÇO DA AVIAÇÃO CIVIL BRASILEIRA Rio de Janeiro 2020 2 DIEGO OLIVEIRA MARQUES DE ARAUJO ESPIÕES E AVIÕES – UM VOO DE RECONHECIMENTO SOBRE A ATIVIDADE DE INTELIGÊNCIA A SERVIÇO DA AVIAÇÃO CIVIL BRASILEIRA Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado ao Curso de Especialização em Inteligência de Segurança da Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Especialista em Inteligência de Segurança. Orientador: José Luiz Gonçalves da Silveira, Dr. Rio de Janeiro 2020 3 DIEGO OLIVEIRA MARQUES DE ARAUJO ESPIÕES E AVIÕES – UM VOO DE RECONHECIMENTO SOBRE A ATIVIDADE DE INTELIGÊNCIA A SERVIÇO DA AVIAÇÃO CIVIL BRASILEIRA Este Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso foi julgado adequado à obtenção do título de Especialista em Inteligência de Segurança e aprovado em sua forma final pelo Curso de Especialização em Inteligência de Segurança da Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina. Rio de Janeiro, 22 de abril de 2020. ______________________________________________________ Professor e orientador José Luiz Gonçalves da Silveira, Dr. Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina ______________________________________________________ Prof. Camel André de Godoy Farah, Dr. Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina 4 Este trabalho é dedicado a todas as vítimas, in memoriam, e familiares de vítimas de atentados terroristas contra a aviação civil pelo mundo, em especial aos mais de 3 mil órfãos deixados pelos ataques de 11 de setembro de 2001. 5 AGRADECIMENTOS A mulher da minha vida, minha querida companheira Barbara Cristine Vinhaes Cardoso, por todo o carinho, tempo de convivência, força e compreensão, e ao meu querido filho Miguel Cardoso de Araujo que, no auge de sua infância, ensinou-me o melhor sentido para o termo “inteligência doméstica”, ora sob o aspecto tático-operacional, prevenindo ameaças a sua integridade física e psíquica, ora sob o aspecto estratégico, na tentativa de lhe garantir uma vida adulta justa, saudável e feliz. Brincadeiras à parte, agradeço também a todos os familiares e amigos, principalmente a minha mãe de criação, Bianca Ramos Rodrigues de Araujo, minha irmã, Jéssica Oliveira Marques de Araujo, e em especial ao meu pai, Vivaldo Marques de Araujo Filho, pelo exemplo de vida e retidão, bem como por todos os ensinamentos, estrutura e dedicação em proporcionar sempre, em que pesem os reveses da vida, o melhor aos filhos quando no exercício de seu ofício paternal. A todos os entes queridos que não estão mais entre nós, especialmente a minha outra mãe, Jaine Claire de Oliveira Araujo (que nos deixou tão cedo quando eu tinha apenas 7 anos de idade), e meu avô materno, Pedro Pacheco de Araujo, assim como aos grandes amigos que também já se foram, por todos os momentos felizes proporcionados e pela imprescindível contribuição para a formação do que sou hoje, destacando que suas nobres passagens, bastante abreviadas por adversidades em alguns casos, deixaram definitivamente um alerta sobre a efemeridade da vida, e a urgência de aproveitá-la junto a quem se ama. A todos aqueles que de alguma forma contribuíram para a elaboração desta pesquisa, meus mais sinceros agradecimentos. Se tentasse listar todos os familiares, amigos, colegas e professores que contribuíram de modo direto ou indireto, correria o risco de cometer alguma injustiça (na hipótese de esquecer de citar alguém), e definitivamente estaria incorrendo em fuga do escopo, tendo-se em conta a grande quantidade de pessoas queridas e a importância que tiveram para a consecução do presente trabalho. 6 “Achamos que a inteligência é importante para vencer guerras. Guerras não são vencidas pela inteligência, o que ela realmente faz, quando está funcionando bem, é ajudar a evitá-las” (David Kay, ex-Inspetor Chefe de Armas da ONU, 2004). 7 RESUMO De todos os modais de transporte existentes nos dias atuais é sobre a aviação civil, sem dúvida, que invariavelmente paira toda sorte de ameaças possíveis, inclusive a ameaça terrorista, mormente desde a brutalidade dos eventos ocorridos em 11 de setembro de 2001, quando terroristas suicidas apoderaram-se de aeronaves civis antes de lançá-las contra alvos pré- determinados em solo nos Estados Unidos da América, convertendo-se no maior atentado terrorista da história. Desde então, com o surgimento de novas tecnologias, novos conflitos e padrões de violência, e considerando os desafios securitários decorrentes desse panorama, diante de um mundo cada vez mais globalizado, com grandes implicações no modal aéreo, a autoridade de aviação civil brasileira deve permanecer vigilante para o enfrentamento adequado de ameaças que possam constituir risco à segurança do usuário do transporte aéreo e da sociedade em geral: missão para a qual a atividade de inteligência, particularmente aplicada à aviação civil, tem se mostrado imprescindível. Eis, portanto, a proposta do presente trabalho: investigar a atuação da Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil (ANAC), enquanto autoridade de aviação civil brasileira, ao servir-se da atividade de inteligência como meio de prevenção de riscos, ameaças ou eventos que comprometam a segurança do usuário do transporte aéreo e da sociedade em geral. Tendo essa proposta como norte, buscou-se analisar o panorama histórico em que se deram as principais ocorrências de violação da segurança da aviação civil bem como as iniciativas da comunidade internacional para garantir a segurança do transporte aéreo; foram identificados os marcos legais da atividade de inteligência, da aviação civil brasileira, e a base principiológica de ambos; foram avaliados os riscos, ameaças e eventos que possam comprometer a segurança do usuário do transporte aéreo e da sociedade em geral; e, por fim, analisadas possíveis melhorias para o Sistema Brasileiro de Inteligência (SISBIN) no que tange à atividade de inteligência aplicada à aviação civil, tendo-se em conta a participação da ANAC nesse sistema. Palavras-chave: Atividade de inteligência. Aviação civil. Inteligência de Aviação Civil. 8 ABSTRACT Of all modes of transport nowadays, it is about civil aviation, that invariably hovers every possible kind of threats, including the terrorist threat, especially since the brutality of the events of September 11, 2001, when suicide terrorists hijack civil aircrafts before throw them in predetermined ground targets in the United States of America, becoming the largest terrorist attack in history. Since then, with the emergence of new technologies, new conflicts and patterns of violence, and considering the security challenges due to this panorama, facing of increasingly globalized world, with significant implications for air transport, the brazilian civil aviation authority must keep itself vigilant to adequately face the threats that can cause risk to the safety of air transport users and society in general: a mission for which intelligence, particularly applied to civil aviation, has become essential. Therefore, the purpose of this academic research: to investigate the role of the National Civil Aviation Agency (ANAC), as the brazilian civil aviation authority, by using intelligence as a means of preventing risks, threats or events that make vulnerable the safety of air transport users and society in general. Taking this proposal as guidance, we analyzed the historical scenario in which the main occurrences of violation of civil aviation security occurred and the initiatives of the international community to ensure the sacurity of air transport; the legal frameworks of intelligence, brazilian civil aviation, and the principle basis of both will be identified; risks, threats and events that make vulnerable the safety of the air transport users and society in general will be assessed; and, finally, possible improvements for the Brazilian Intelligence System (SISBIN) regarding the intelligence applied to civil aviation will be analyzed, taking into account the participation of National Civil Aviation Agency (ANAC) in this system. Keywords: Intelligence. Civil aviation. Civil aviation intelligence. 9 SUMÁRIO 1 INTRODUÇÃO....................................................................................................................10 2 PANORAMA HISTÓRICO................................................................................................21 2.1 CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO DOS ASSUNTOS : INTELIGÊNCIA E AVIAÇÃO...............21 2.2 A COMUNIDADE INTERNACIONAL E OS ATAQUES À AVIAÇÃO CIVIL..............30 2.3 O MAIOR ATENTADO TERRORISTA DA HISTÓRIA..................................................40 2.4 A INVESTIGAÇÃO OFICIAL DO 11/09 E AS CAMADAS DE SEGURANÇA..............51 3 CONSIDERAÇÕES LEGAIS.............................................................................................59 3.1 A ATIVIDADE DE INTELIGÊNCIA CIVIL NO BRASIL................................................59 3.2 A INTELIGÊNCIA APLICADA À AVIAÇÃO CIVIL BRASILEIRA..............................64 4 DOUTRINA DE INTELIGÊNCIA.....................................................................................72 4.1 CONCEITUAÇÃO, CICLO E CATEGORIAS DE INTELIGÊNCIA................................72 4.2 FUNÇÕES, FONTES E CONTROLE DA ATIVIDADE DE INTELIGÊNCIA................79 4.3 BASE PRINCIPIOLÓGICA DA ATIVIDADE DE INTELIGÊNCIA...............................94 5 PROTEÇÃO CONTRA ATOS DE INTERFERÊNCIA ILÍCITA................................110 5.1 UMA DUALIDADE A SER PONTUADA : SAFETY X SECURITY................................110
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