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Burcuatalas2010.Pdf (2.802Mb) T.C. EGE ÜN0VERS0TES0 SOSYAL B0L0MLER ENST0TÜSÜ Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Anabilim Dalı Eski Türk Edebiyatı Bilim Dalı TÛTÎ-NÂME (MET0N VE 0NCELEME) (88a– 177b) YÜKSEK L0SANS TEZ0 Hazırlayan: Burcu ATALAS DANI1MAN: Yard. Doç Dr. 1. Fatih ÜLKEN 0ZM0R- 2010 Ege Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürlü/üne sundu/um “Tûtî-nâme Metin ve 0nceleme (88a-177b)” adlı yüksek lisans tezinin tarafımdan bilimsel, ahlak ve normlara uygun bir 2ekilde hazırlandı/ını, tezimde yararlandı/ım kaynakları bibliyografyada ve dipnotlarda gösterdi/imi onurumla do/rularım. Burcu ATALAS TUTANAK Ege Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yönetim Kurulu’nun ..../........./......... tarih ve ........... sayılı kararı ile olu2turulan jüri ............................................................... anabilim dalı yüksek lisans ö/rencisi ........ ............. ................................................’nın a2a/ıda (Türkçe / 0ngilizce) belirtilen tezini incelemi2 ve adayı ...../........./......... günü saat ............’da .................... süren tez savunmasına almı2tır. Sınav sonunda adayın tez savunmasını ve jüri üyeleri tarafından tezi ile ilgili kendisine yöneltilen sorulara verdi/i cevapları de/erlendirerek tezin ba2arılı/ba2arısız/düzeltilmesi gerekli oldu/una oybirli/iyle / oyçoklu/uyla karar vermi2tir. BA1KAN Ba2arılı Ba2arısız Düzeltme (Üç ay süreli) ÜYE ÜYE Ba2arılı Ba2arılı Ba2arısız Ba2arısız Düzeltme (Üç ay süreli) Düzeltme (Üç ay süreli) Tezin Türkçe Ba2lı/ı : Tezin 0ngilizce Ba2lı/ı : 0Ç0NDEK0LER Önsöz .............................................................................................................................. II Kısaltmalar ..................................................................................................................... IV G0R01 ............................................................................................................................... 1 ÖZETLER ...................................................................................................................... 11 I.Bölüm: Eser 0ncelemesi ............................................................................................... 54 A. Dı2 Özellikler ................................................................................................ 54 1. Dil Özellikleri ..................................................................................... 54 2. Atasözleri, Kelâm-ı Kibarlar ve Deyimler ......................................... 55 3. Anlatım Özellikleri ............................................................................. 71 a. Anlatıcı .................................................................................... 71 b. Tahkiye ................................................................................... 79 c. Anlatım Teknikleri .................................................................. 85 c.a. Çerçeve Anlatı Tekni/i ............................................ 85 c.b. Hayvan Hikayeleri ................................................... 91 B. 0ç Özellikler ................................................................................................... 98 1. 0ncelenen Hikâyelerin Konu Tasnifi ................................................. 98 2. Hikâyelerde Yer Alan Ki2iler ........................................................... 109 3. Hikâyelerde Mekân .......................................................................... 149 4. Hikâyelerde Zaman .......................................................................... 161 5. Metinlerarası 0li2kiler ....................................................................... 164 6. Nüsha Tavsifi ve Nüsha Tavsifinde 0zlenen Yol .............................. 174 II. Bölüm: Metin .......................................................................................................... 176 Sonuç ............................................................................................................................ 284 Bibliyografya ................................................................................................................ 286 ÖNSÖZ Klasik Türk Edebiyatı çalı2maları içinde “hikâye” türünün gölgede kalmı2 bir çalı2ma alanı oldu/u bilinmektedir. Oysa bu alanda yapılan ve yapılacak olan pek çok çalı2ma edebiyat tarihimizin seyrini de/i2tirebilecek denli çok ve yetkin eserler barındırmaktadır. Bu alanda yapılan çalı2maların güncelle2mesi, yeni ara2tırmaların da önünü açacak ve modern edebiyat çalı2malarına kaynaklık sa/layacak bir hazine olu2turacaktır. Bu dü2ünceden hareketle Klasik Türk Edebiyatı ve modern edebiyat çalı2malarına da de/inmek mümkündür. Günümüzde pek çok popüler eser, kayna/ı klasik devir edebiyatlarına dayanan anlatılardır. Hazırladı/ımız tezin, bu dü2ünceler ı2ı/ında yeni çalı2maların önünü açmasını ve modern ça/ın henüz kaleme alınmamı2 anlatılarına ilham vermesini umuyoruz. Çalı2mamızın giri2 bölümünde Tûtî-nâme’nin kaynaklarını, çe2itli dillere yapılan çevirilerini ve Türk dili içindeki serüvenini izledik. 0nceledi/imiz hikâyelerin anlatım özellikleri ve barındırdı/ı masalsı unsurlar bizi “hikâye” ve “masal” kavramalarını da ara2tırmaya itti. Bu bölümde hikâye ve masal kavramlarının ortak ve farklı yönlerini bularak bu kavramların inceledi/imiz hikâyeler üzerindeki görünümünü aktaramaya çalı2tık. Giri2 bölümünün ardından, incelememize geçmeden önce traskripsyonunu yaptı/ımız hikâyelerin özetlerini aktardık. Hikâyelerin özetlerine verdi/imiz adları ve numaraları inceleme boyunca kullandık. “Çerçeve anlatı” tekni/i ile olu2turulmu2 eserin inceledi/imiz her bir hikâyesine bir numara verdik. 33’ten ba2layarak 75’e kadar devam eden bu hikâyelerin içinde yer alan geceleri de numaralandırdık. Çalı2mamız, “Eser 0ncelemesi” ve “Metin” olmak üzere iki ana bölümden olu2maktadır. 0lk bölüm, inceledi/imiz hikâyelerin dı2 ve iç özelliklerine yöneliktir. Eserin dı2 özelliklerinde, hikâyelerin dil ve ifade özelliklerine, atasözleri ve deyim hazinesine ve anlatım özelliklerine de/inilmi2tir. “Anlatım Özellikleri” ba2lı/ı altında anlatıcı özellikleri ve eserin yapısı irdelenmi2tir. Bu bölümde “çerçeve hikâye tekni/i” ve “hayvan hikâyeleri” üzerinde ayrıntılı biçimde durulmu2, kavramların Klasik Türk Edebiyatı içindeki yerine de/inilmi2tir. 0ç Özellikler kapsamında öncelikle inceledi/imiz hikâyelerin konu tasnifi yapılmı2, ardından hikâyelerin ki2i, mekân ve zaman unsurları belirlenmi2tir. Hikâye ki2ilerinin tümü, üstlendikleri roller ve üzerlerinden aktarılmak istenen iletiler bakımından sınıflandırılmı2tır. Mekân incelemesinde, gerçek ve hayali tüm kapalı ve açık mekânlar belirlenerek ayrıntılı bir inceleme sunulmu2, gerçek mekânlarla ilgili ansiklopedik bilgiler aktarılmı2tır. Hikâyeleri birbirine ba/layan en önemli unsurlardan biri olan zaman kavramı, eserin ana ki2ileri Mâhı2eker ve tûtî arasındaki ileti2imin izlendi/i ve kıssadan hisse bilgilerin aktarıldı/ı bölüm olarak görülmü2 ve eserin en sanatlı anlatımları olan betimlemeler bu bölümde aktarılmı2tır. Hikâyelerin iç özelliklerinin incelendi/i bölümde son olarak metinlerarası ili2kiler irdelenmi2, eserin Hint Edebiyatı, Mesnevî, La Fontaine Masalları ve modern edebiyatımızdaki yansımaları üzerine bilgiler verilmi2tir. Çalı2mamızın ikinci bölümü, inceledi/imiz metinden olu2maktadır. 0nceledi/imiz metin, Millet Kütüphanesi Ali Emirî RM 168 numarada kayıtlı olan yazma nüshadır. Tezimiz, eserin son 90 vara/ını içermektedir. Uzun ve sancılı tez sürecim boyunca uzakta olsalar dahi desteklerini benden esirgemeyen, bana her zaman inanan ve yanlarına gitti/imde rahat bir çalı2ma ortamı sunan sevgili anneme ve babama, kısıtlı bir süreçte tamamlamak zorunda kaldı/ım tezimi hazırlarken yardımlarını gördü/üm de/erli arkada2ım Merve KAHRAMAN’a, deste/ini ve bilgilerini esirgemeyerek varlı/ıyla dahi bana güç veren de/erli hocam Doç. Dr. Samira KORTANTAMER’e, Klasik Türk Edebiyatının bende bir tutku olmasına yol açan ve söyledi/i her cümle, payla2tı/ı her bilgiyle ufkumu açarak yolumu aydınlatan de/erli hocam Yard.Doç. Dr. 1erife YALÇINKAYA’ya te2ekkür borçluyum. Sadece yüksek lisans çalı2ması sırasında de/il lisans dönemi boyunca içimdeki Klasik Türk Edebiyatı sevgisini fark ederek çalı2malarımı destekleyen ve tez hazırlı/ım boyunca bana çalı2ma azmi vererek vazgeçmememi sa/layan de/erli tez danı2manım Yard. Doç. Dr. Fatih ÜLKEN’e te2ekkürlerimi sunarım. Burcu ATALAS 0zmir, 2010 KISALTMALAR age. : adı geçen eser agm. : adı geçen makale agt. : adı geçen tez bkz. : bakınız… C. : Cilt H. : Hicrî M. : Milâdî s. : sayfa S. : Sayı G0R01 Tûtî-nâme do/u edebiyatının en eski ürünlerinden biridir. “Çerçeve hikâyeler” biçiminde kar2ımıza çıkan bu eser Sanskritçede do/up do/u dilleri içinde yaygınla2mı2, Anadolu co/rafyasında ya2amı2 ve yüzyıllar içinde batı dillerine çevrilerek batı edebiyatı içinde de kendine bir yer edinmi2tir. Tûtî-nâme’nin Sanskritçe aslı Sukasaptati (Çakasaptati) dir. “Papa/anın 70 Hikâyesi” anlamını ta2ıyan bu eser, Hint masal edebiyatı içinde ilk düzenli masal serisi olan Pançatantra’dan sonra gelen önemli masal serilerinden biridir.1 Didaktik unsurlardan ziyade e/lendirici yönü a/ır basan ve az da olsa erotik bir içerik barındıran eserin ana öyküsü Aziz Narada tarafından Tanrı 0ndra’ya anlatılmı2 mitolojik bir kökene dayanır: Devadasa, görevli olarak ba2ka bir kente giderken papa/anına karısına göz kulak olmasını söyler. Papa/an da karısı ile a2ı/ının bulu2malarını engellemek için her gece bir öykü anlatır. Öykülerin büyüsüne kapılan kadın, kocasına ihanet tasarısını gerçekle2tiremez. 70. öykünün sonunda eve gelen koca da durumdan
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