DOCSLIB.ORG

Evaluating the Army's Ability to Regenerate

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evaluating the Army's Ability to Regenerate C O R P O R A T I O N Evaluating the Army’s Ability to Regenerate History and Future Options Shanthi Nataraj, M. Wade Markel, Jaime L. Hastings, Eric V. Larson, Jill E. Luoto, Christopher E. Maerzluft, Craig A. Myatt, Bruce R. Orvis, Christina Panis, Michael H. Powell, Jose R. Rodriguez, Tiffany Tsai For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR1637 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-0-8330-9663-0 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2017 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface This document reports results from a research project entitled, “Developing a Strate- gic Framework for Army Regeneration.” The purpose of the project was to assess the Army’s ability to regenerate active component end strength using a variety of acces- sions, retention, and force management policies. This report presents a historical synthesis of the Army’s efforts to expand during the decade following September 11, 2001. It identifies the various policy levers the Army can use to achieve its targets and conducts an empirical analysis of the limits on the Army’s ability to expand under a variety of external conditions. It also identifies the larger policy implications of maintaining the capacity to expand as necessary. This research was sponsored by the Deputy Chief of Staff G3/5/7, U.S. Army, and was conducted within the RAND Arroyo Center’s Personnel, Training, and Health Program. RAND Arroyo Center, part of the RAND Corporation, is a federally funded research and development center sponsored by the United States Army. The Project Unique Identification Code (PUIC) for the project that produced this document is HQD156908. iii Contents Preface ................................................................................................. iii Figures and Tables ...................................................................................vii Summary .............................................................................................. ix Acknowledgements ..................................................................................xv CHAPTER ONE Introduction ........................................................................................... 1 Background ............................................................................................. 1 Purpose .................................................................................................. 2 How the Report Is Organized ........................................................................ 3 CHAPTER TWO Efforts to Expand the Army ......................................................................... 5 Research Approach and Sources ...................................................................... 5 Expanding Capacity ................................................................................... 6 October 2001–December 2003: 9/11 Attacks to First End Strength Increase ................. 7 January 2004–December 2006: First End Strength Increase to the Start of the Grow the Army Initiative .......................................................................11 January 2007–December 2010: Duration of the Grow the Army Initiative ...................18 From January 2011 Forward: Drawing Down ................................................... 23 Beyond Soldiers: Using Contractors to Augment Operational Capacity ...................... 23 Summary and Conclusion ...........................................................................25 CHAPTER THREE Regeneration Scenarios .............................................................................29 Estimating Required Operational Capacity ...................................................... 30 Conclusion .............................................................................................32 v vi Evaluating the Army’s Ability to Regenerate: History and Future Options CHAPTER FOUR Conceptual Framework and Policy Options for Regeneration ..............................33 Policy Options for Regeneration ....................................................................35 Summary ...............................................................................................51 CHAPTER FIVE Modeling Results ....................................................................................53 920K Scenario .........................................................................................53 980K Scenario .........................................................................................63 CHAPTER SIX Conclusions and Implications for Preparation .................................................69 Major Findings ........................................................................................70 Recommendations ................................................................................... 77 Conclusion .............................................................................................81 APPENDIXES A. Additional Modeling Results ..................................................................83 B. Sensitivity of Results with Regeneration Wedges ..........................................89 Abbreviations .........................................................................................95 References ............................................................................................ 97 Figures and Tables Figures 2.1. Enlistment Incentives and Average Incentive Amounts .............................. 9 2.2. Army Reserve Component Members on Active Duty from September 2001 to June 2009 in Support of Operations Noble Eagle, Iraqi Freedom, and Enduring Freedom .................................................................13 4.1. Conceptual Model of Active Component Regeneration ............................33 4.2. Conceptual Timeline of Active Component Regeneration ........................ 34 4.3. Average Continuation Rates for Each of Five Scenarios, by YOS ................. 50 5.1. 920K Scenario: Estimated Enlisted Shortfall Using Different Policy Levers .... 54 5.2. 920K Scenario: Estimated Enlisted Shortfall Under Different Conditions .......55 5.3. 920K Scenario: Estimated Enlisted Shortfall Under Different Conditions, Greater Enlistment Eligibility ......................................................... 56 5.4. Immediate Demand .....................................................................61 5.5. Gradual Buildup from Base Level of Demand .......................................62 5.6. 980K Scenario: Estimated Enlisted Shortfall Using Different Policy Levers .... 64 5.7. 980K Scenario: Estimated Enlisted Shortfall Under Different Conditions ...... 64 5.8. 980K Scenario: Estimated Enlisted Shortfall Under Different Conditions, Greater Enlistment Eligibility ..........................................................65 A.1. 920K Scenario: Estimated Enlisted Shortfall Under Different Conditions ...... 84 A.2. 980K Scenario: Estimated Enlisted Shortfall Under Different Conditions .......85 Tables S.1. Army End Strength Options Under Consideration ................................. ix 2.1. Department of Defense Contractors in Afghanistan and Iraq, 2007–2013 ..... 24 3.1. Army End Strength Options Considered ............................................ 30 3.2. Estimating Additional Regular Army Strength Needed to Generate Capacity Equivalent to 547K Regular Army Force ..................................31 vii viii Evaluating the Army’s Ability to Regenerate: History and Future Options 4.1. Accession Scenarios and Inputs ........................................................39 4.2. Example of Regeneration Results for 450K, Average Recruiting Conditions, 5,821 OPRA Foxhole Recruiters, and Lesser Enlistment Eligibility Policies .....41 4.3. Summary of Conditions and Assumptions Considered for Modeling Accessions, Retention, and Force Mix ................................................52 5.1. 920K Scenario: Estimated NCO Experience .........................................58 5.2. 920K Scenario: Estimated Incremental Costs of Recruiting and Retention ......59 5.3. 920K Scenario: Estimated MOB:Dwell Ratio Assuming Immediate Increase in Demand .....................................................................61 5.4. 920K Scenario: Estimated MOB:Dwell Ratio Assuming Linear Increase in Demand ................................................................................63
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Position of Secretary of Defense: Statutory Restrictions and Civilian-Military Relations
    The Position of Secretary of Defense: Statutory Restrictions and Civilian-Military Relations Updated January 6, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44725 Position of Secretary of Defense: Statutory Restrictions and Civilian-Military Relations Summary The position of Secretary of Defense is unique within the United States government; it is one of two civilian positions within the military chain of command, although unlike the President, the Secretary of Defense is not elected. Section 113 of the United States Code states that the Secretary of Defense is to be “appointed from civilian life by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.” The section goes on to elaborate a key mechanism by which civilian control of the armed forces is maintained: A person may not be appointed as Secretary of Defense within seven years after relief from active duty as a commissioned officer of a regular component of an armed force. The proposed nomination of General (Ret.) Lloyd Austin, United States Army, who retired from the military in 2016, to be Secretary of Defense may lead both houses of Congress to consider whether and how to suspend, change, or remove that provision. This provision was originally contained in the 1947 National Security Act (P.L. 80-253), which mandated that 10 years pass between the time an officer is relieved from active duty and when he or she could be appointed to the office of the Secretary of Defense. In 2007, Section 903 of the FY2008 National Defense Authorization Act (P.L. 110-181), Congress changed the period of time that must elapse between relief from active duty and appointment to the position of Secretary of Defense to seven years.
    [Show full text]
  • SPRING 2017 MESSAGE from the CHAIRMAN Greetings to All USAWC Graduates and Foundation Friends
    SPRING 2017 MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRMAN Greetings to all USAWC graduates and Foundation friends, On behalf of our Foundation Board of Trustees, it is a privilege to share Chairman of the Board this magazine with you containing the latest news of our Foundation LTG (Ret) Thomas G. Rhame and of the U.S. Army War College (USAWC) and its graduates. Vice Chairman of the Board Our Spring Board meeting in Tampa in March was very productive as we Mr. Frank C. Sullivan planned our 2018 support to the College. We remain very appreciative Trustees and impressed with the professionalism and vision of MG Bill Rapp, LTG (Ret) Richard F. Timmons (President Emeritus) RES ’04 & 50th Commandant as he helps us understand the needs of MG (Ret) William F. Burns (President Emeritus) the College going forward. With his excellent stewardship of our Foundation support across Mrs. Charlotte H. Watts (Trustee Emerita) more than 20 programs, he has helped advance the ability of our very successful public/ Dr. Elihu Rose (Trustee Emeritus) Mr. Russell T. Bundy (Foundation Advisor) private partnership to provide the margin of excellence for the College and its grads. We also LTG (Ret) Dennis L. Benchoff thank so many of you who came to our USAWC Alumni Dinner in Tampa on March 15, Mr. Steven H. Biondolillo 2017 (feature and photos on page 7). Special thanks to GEN Joseph L. Votel III, RES ’01, Mr. Hans L. Christensen and GEN Raymond A. Th omas III, RES ’00, for hosting us at the Central and Special Ms. Jo B. Dutcher Operations Commands at MacDill AFB on March 17th.
    [Show full text]
  • Overcoming a Failure of Imagination to Conduct Adaptive Work John B
    Real Leadership and the U.S. Army Overcoming a Failure of Imagination to Conduct Adaptive Work John B. Richardson, IV etortThe LPapers REAL LEADERSHIP AND THE U.S. ARMY: OVERCOMING A FAILURE OF IMAGINATION U.S. ARMY WAR COLLEGE TO CONDUCT ADAPTIVE WORK John B. Richardson IV Visit our website for other free publication downloads http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/ To rate this publication click here. U.S. ARMY WAR COLLEGE Strategic Studies Institute This Publication SSI Website USAWC Website U.S. Army War College, Carlisle, PA The Letort Papers In the early 18th century, James Letort, an explorer and fur trader, was instrumental in opening up the Cumberland Valley to settlement. By 1752, there was a garrison on Letort Creek at what is today Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania. In those days, Carlisle Barracks lay at the western edge of the American colonies. It was a bastion for the protection of settlers and a departure point for further exploration. Today, as was the case over two centuries ago, Carlisle Barracks, as the home of the U.S. Army War College, is a place of transition and transformation. In the same spirit of bold curiosity that compelled the men and women who, like Letort, settled the American West, the Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) presents The Letort Papers. This series allows SSI to publish papers, retrospectives, speeches, or essays of interest to the defense academic community which may not correspond with our mainstream policy-oriented publications. If you think you may have a subject amenable to publication in our Letort Paper series, or if you wish to comment on a particular paper, please contact Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Right-Sizing the Force Lessons for the Current Drawdown of Working Paper American Military Personnel
    JUNE 2013 Right-Sizing the Force Lessons for the Current Drawdown of WORKING PAPER American Military Personnel By Bernard Rostker Cover Image iStockphoto JUNE 2013 Right-Sizing the Force Lessons for the Current Drawdown of American Military Personnel By Bernard Rostker About the Author Bernard Rostker is a former Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness, and is a Senior Fellow at the RAND Corporation. The views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of RAND or its research sponsors. WORKING papER President Barack Obama’s decision in June 2011 to begin the withdrawal of U.S. combat forces from Mobilizing reserve forces, Afghanistan set in motion the first significant reduc- particularly ground combat tion in the size of the U.S. military since the 9/11 attacks.1 This will be the latest in a long history of forces, has often been drawdowns, going back to the American Revolution, which have restructured, repositioned and reduced problematic. U.S. military forces after each major conflict. These past drawdowns offer many important lessons on against uncertainty — both about future strategic 2 what not to do, including excessive demobilization requirements and the possibility of additional end and planning based on specific assumptions about strength cuts if budgets decline further — then- 3 the nature of the next war. Yet, evidence from the Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta and General past — including newly analyzed data from the Martin Dempsey, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of 1990s drawdown — suggests that the Department of Staff, both emphasized relying on the reserve com- Defense (DOD) may be about to repeat two critical ponent.
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1 of 2 3/16/2017
    Page 1 of 2 | This Week's Feature | Member News | Amicus Update | DRI News | And The Defense Wins | New Member Spotlight | 2017 Law Student Diversity Scholarship | Quote of the Week | DRI CLE Calendar | Legislative Tracking | March 8, 2017 Volume 16 Issue 9 Member News DRI Member and Lieutenant Colonel Admitted to Esteemed National War College DRI member and Reminger Co., L.P.A., attorney John Dunn believes in truth, justice, and love of country. The United States Army agrees, and has hand-picked him for enrollment in the prestigious National War College (NWC), the highest level of professional military education for officers. The NWC is a component of the National Defense University located in Washington, D.C., that provides graduate-level instruction to senior military officers and civilians to prepare them for senior leadership assignments and responsibilities. The National War College educates future leaders of the Armed Forces, Department of State, and other civilian agencies for high-level policy, command and staff responsibilities by conducting a senior-level course of study in national security strategy. Approximately 800 students are enrolled at one time: half in a two-year distance learning program, the other half in a 10-month, on-campus, full-time resident program. Starting this summer, John is going to be participating in the full-time resident program. Very few students are selected from the Army Reserves for the resident program, which makes this honor even more compelling. Upon completion in May 2018, John will receive a Master’s Degree in National Security Strategy. John’s Background John has always placed a premium on the concept of service; service to his community and to his country.
    [Show full text]
  • Civil-Military Module Discussion Questions
    Civil-Military Module Discussion Questions ............................................................................ 1 Introduction Richard H. Kohn, “Six Myths about Civil-Military Relations in the United States” ................... 2 Civil-Military Relations and Civilian Control Eliot A. Cohen, Supreme Command: Soldiers, Statesmen, and Leadership in Wartime (New York: The Free Press, 2002), Pgs. 1-14, 199-207, 225-233, 239-248 .......................................... 3 Participation in Politics Gen Martin E. Dempsey, “Letter to the Editor: Military leaders do not belong at political conventions,” Washington Post, July 30, 2016 and “Keep Your Politics Private, My Fellow Generals and Admirals,” Defense One, August 1, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/military-leaders-do-not-belong-at-political- conventions/2016/07/30/0e06fc16-568b-11e6-b652-315ae5d4d4dd_story.html , https://www.defenseone.com/ideas/2016/08/keep-your-politics-private-my-fellow-generals-and- admirals/130404/; Heidi Urben, “Commentary: Generals Shouldn’t Be Welcome at These Parties: Stopping Flag Officer Endorsements,” War on the Rocks, July 27, 2020, https://warontherocks.com/2020/07/generals-shouldnt-be-welcome-at-these-parties-stopping- retired-flag-officer-endorsements/ ; Bryan Bender, “’Disturbing and reckless:’ Retired brass spread election lie against Biden and Democrats,” Politico, May 11, 2021, https://www.politico.com/news/2021/05/11/retired-brass-biden-election-487374 ...................... 4 Resignation Peter Feaver, “Should Senior Military Officers
    [Show full text]
  • DEPARTMENT of DEFENSE the Pentagon 20301–1155, Phone (703) 545–6700 Fax 695–3362/693–2161
    DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE The Pentagon 20301–1155, phone (703) 545–6700 fax 695–3362/693–2161, http://www.defenselink.mil ROBERT M. GATES, Secretary of Defense; born in Wichita, KS, September 25, 1943; education: B.A., College of William and Mary, 1965; M.A., Indiana University, 1966; Ph.D., Georgetown University, 1974; military service: U.S. Air Force, 1967–69, served as an officer in the Strategic Air Command; professional: intelligence analyst, Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 1966–74; staff, National Security Council, 1974–79; Director, DCA/DDCI Executive Staff, CIA, 1981–82; Deputy Director for Intelligence, CIA, 1982–86; Chair, National Intel- ligence Council, 1983–86; Deputy Director of Central Intelligence, CIA, 1986–89; Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, CIA, 1989; Assistant to the President and Deputy for National Security Affairs, CIA, 1989–91; Director, CIA, 1991–93; private consultant; author, From the Shadows: The Ultimate Insider’s Story of Five Presidents and How They Won the Cold War, 1996; interim Dean of the George Bush School of Government and Public Service, Texas A & M University, 1999–2001; President, Texas A & M University, 2002–07; President, National Eagle Scout Association; awards: National Security Medal; Presi- dential Citizens Medal; National Intelligence Distinguished Service Medal; Distinguished Intel- ligence Medal; family: married to Becky; two children; nominated by President George W. Bush to become the 22nd Secretary of Defense, and was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on December 6, 2006. OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY Pentagon, Room 3E880, 20301–1000, phone (703) 692–7100, fax 697–8339 Secretary of Defense.—Robert M.
    [Show full text]
  • CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 158, Pt. 2 February 17, 2012
    February 17, 2012 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 158, Pt. 2 2225 officials of the Syrian Arab Republic and (2) expresses its solidarity with the people There being no objection, the Senate, their supporters, specifically designating 7 of Syria, who have exhibited remarkable at 2:27 p.m., adjourned until Tuesday, people: President Bashar al-Assad, Vice courage and determination in the face of un- February 21, 2012, at 12 noon. President Farouk al-Shara, Prime Minister speakable violence to rid themselves of a Adel Safar, Minister of the Interior Moham- brutal dictatorship; f mad Ibrahim al-Shaar, Minister of Defense (3) expresses strong disappointment with Ali Habib Mahmoud, Head of Syrian Military the Governments of the Russian Federation NOMINATIONS Intelligence Abdul Fatah Qudsiya, and Direc- and the People’s Republic of China for their Executive nominations received by tor of Political Security Directorate Moham- veto of the United Nations Security Council the Senate: med Dib Zaitoun; resolution condemning Bashar al-Assad and MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION Whereas President Obama, on August 17, the violence in Syria and urges them to re- 2011, issued Executive Order 13582, blocking consider their votes; MAJOR GENERAL JOHN PEABODY, UNITED STATES ARMY, TO BE A MEMBER AND PRESIDENT OF THE MIS- property of the Government of Syria and (4) encourages the members of the United SISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. prohibiting certain transactions with respect Nations Security Council to continue to pur- TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY to Syria; sue a resolution in support of a political so- Whereas, on December 1, 2011, the Depart- lution to the crisis in Syria; C.
    [Show full text]
  • Iraq Study Group Consultations
    CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF THE PRESIDENCY IRAQ STUDY GROUP Iraq Study Group Consultations (* denotes meeting took place in Iraq) Iraqi Officials and Representatives * Jalal Talabani - President * Tareq al-Hashemi - Vice President * Adil Abd al-Mahdi - Vice President * Nouri Kamal al-Maliki - Prime Minister * Salaam al-Zawbai - Deputy Prime Minister * Barham Salih - Deputy Prime Minister * Mahmoud al-Mashhadani - Speaker of the Parliament * Mowaffak al-Rubaie - National Security Advisor * Jawad Kadem al-Bolani - Minister of Interior * Abdul Qader Al-Obeidi - Minister of Defense * Hoshyar Zebari - Minister of Foreign Affairs * Bayan Jabr - Minister of Finance * Hussein al-Shahristani - Minster of Oil * Karim Waheed - Minister of Electricity * Akram al-Hakim - Minister of State for National Reconciliation Affairs * Mithal al-Alusi - Member, High Commission on National Reconciliation * Ayad Jamal al-Din - Member, High Commission on National Reconciliation * Ali Khalifa al-Duleimi - Member, High Commission on National Reconciliation * Sami al-Ma'ajoon - Member, High Commission on National Reconciliation * Muhammad Ahmed Mahmoud - Member, Commission on National Reconciliation * Wijdan Mikhael - Member, High Commission on National Reconciliation Lt. General Nasir Abadi - Deputy Chief of Staff of the Iraqi Joint Forces * Adnan al-Dulaimi - Head of the Tawafuq list Ali Allawi - Former Minister of Finance * Sheik Najeh al-Fetlawi - representative of Muqtada al-Sadr * Abd al-Aziz al-Hakim - Shia Coalition Leader * Sheik Maher al-Hamraa - Ayat Allah
    [Show full text]
  • Reconnecting Athens and Sparta: a Review of OPMS XXI at 20 Years
    No. 114 OCTOBER 2017 Reconnecting Athens and Sparta: A Review of OPMS XXI at 20 Years Susan Bryant Heidi A. Urben Reconnecting Athens and Sparta: A Review of OPMS XXI at 20 Years by Susan Bryant Heidi A. Urben The Institute of Land Warfare ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY AN INSTITUTE OF LAND WARFARE PAPER The purpose of the Institute of Land Warfare is to extend the educational work of AUSA by sponsoring scholarly publications, to include books, monographs and essays on key defense issues, as well as workshops and symposia. A work selected for publication as a Land Warfare Paper represents research by the author which, in the opinion of the Institutes’s editorial board, will contribute to a better understanding of a particular defense or national security issue. Publication as an Institute of Land Warfare Paper does not indicate that the Association of the United States Army agrees with everything in the paper but does suggest that the Association believes the paper will stimulate the thinking of AUSA members and others concerned about important defense issues. This paper represents the opinions of the authors and should not be taken to represent the views of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, the United States government, the Institute of Land Warfare, the Association of the United States Army or its members. © Copyright 2017 by The Association of the United States Army All rights reserved. Inquiries regarding this and future Land Warfare Papers should be directed to: Director, AUSA’s Institute of Land Warfare, 2425 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington VA 22201, e-mail [email protected] or telephone (direct dial) 703-907-2636 or (toll free) 1-800-336-4570, ext.
    [Show full text]
  • Vietnam Escalation and Global Army Readiness, 1965-1968
    ABSTRACT DEMPSEY, CHRISTOPHER MARTIN. The Other Side of the Story: Vietnam Escalation and Global Army Readiness, 1965-1968. (Under the direction of Nancy Mitchell.) From 1965-1968, the United States Army bore the brunt of President Lyndon B. Johnson’s military escalation of the Vietnam War, while attempting to maintain its Cold War deterrent responsibilities around the globe. While scholars have exhaustively researched the varying aspects of the former, fewer have studied the implications of these decisions on the latter. This paper examines the devastating effects of escalation in Southeast Asia on the army’s ability to remain ready to fight another war should one have arisen anywhere else in the world. Specifically, it traces the downward trend of army readiness as a result of Johnson’s decision not to call up the reserves until 1968, paired with the rapid expansion of the army from 1 million soldiers in 1965 to 1.5 million in 1968. © Copyright 2009 by Christopher Martin Dempsey All Rights Reserved The Other Side of the Story: Vietnam Escalation and Global Army Readiness, 1965-1968 by Christopher Martin Dempsey A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts History Raleigh, North Carolina 2009 APPROVED BY: ________________________ ________________________ Joseph Caddell Richard Kohn ________________________ Nancy Mitchell Chair of Advisory Committee BIOGRAPHY Christopher Dempsey is an active duty officer in the United States Army. He received his Bachelor’s Degree from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 2000, and upon graduating was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant into the Armor branch.
    [Show full text]
  • THE ARMED FORCES OFFICER by Richard M
    THE ARMED FORCES OFFICER by Richard M. Swain and Albert C. Pierce The Armed Forces Officer THE ARMED FORCES OFFICER by Richard M. Swain and Albert C. Pierce National Defense University Press Washington, D.C. 2017 Published in the United States by National Defense University Press. Portions of this book may be quoted or reprinted without permission, provided that a standard source credit line is included. NDU Press would appreciate a courtesy copy of reprints or reviews. Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Defense Department or any other agency of the Federal Government. Cleared for public release; distribution unlimited. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record of this publication may be found at the Library of Congress. Book design by Jessica Craney, U.S. Government Printing Office, Creative Services Division Published by National Defense University Press 260 Fifth Avenue (Building 64) Suite 2500 Fort Lesley J. McNair Washington, DC 20319 U.S. GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL EDITION NOTICE Use of ISBN This is the official U.S. Government edition of this publication and is herein identified to certify its authenticity. Use of 978-0-16-093758-3 is for the U.S. Government Publishing Office Edition only. The Superintendent of Documents of the U.S. Government Publishing Office requests that any reprinted edition clearly be labeled as a copy of the authentic work with a new ISBN. Contents FOREWORD by General Joseph F. Dunford, Jr., U.S. Marine Corps, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff ...............................................................................ix PREFACE by Major General Frederick M.
    [Show full text]