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The Position of Secretary of Defense: Statutory Restrictions and Civilian-Military Relations
The Position of Secretary of Defense: Statutory Restrictions and Civilian-Military Relations Updated January 6, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44725 Position of Secretary of Defense: Statutory Restrictions and Civilian-Military Relations Summary The position of Secretary of Defense is unique within the United States government; it is one of two civilian positions within the military chain of command, although unlike the President, the Secretary of Defense is not elected. Section 113 of the United States Code states that the Secretary of Defense is to be “appointed from civilian life by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.” The section goes on to elaborate a key mechanism by which civilian control of the armed forces is maintained: A person may not be appointed as Secretary of Defense within seven years after relief from active duty as a commissioned officer of a regular component of an armed force. The proposed nomination of General (Ret.) Lloyd Austin, United States Army, who retired from the military in 2016, to be Secretary of Defense may lead both houses of Congress to consider whether and how to suspend, change, or remove that provision. This provision was originally contained in the 1947 National Security Act (P.L. 80-253), which mandated that 10 years pass between the time an officer is relieved from active duty and when he or she could be appointed to the office of the Secretary of Defense. In 2007, Section 903 of the FY2008 National Defense Authorization Act (P.L. 110-181), Congress changed the period of time that must elapse between relief from active duty and appointment to the position of Secretary of Defense to seven years. -
Joint Force Quarterly 97
Issue 97, 2nd Quarter 2020 JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY Broadening Traditional Domains Commercial Satellites and National Security Ulysses S. Grant and the U.S. Navy ISSUE NINETY-SEVEN, 2 ISSUE NINETY-SEVEN, ND QUARTER 2020 Joint Force Quarterly Founded in 1993 • Vol. 97, 2nd Quarter 2020 https://ndupress.ndu.edu GEN Mark A. Milley, USA, Publisher VADM Frederick J. Roegge, USN, President, NDU Editor in Chief Col William T. Eliason, USAF (Ret.), Ph.D. Executive Editor Jeffrey D. Smotherman, Ph.D. Production Editor John J. Church, D.M.A. Internet Publications Editor Joanna E. Seich Copyeditor Andrea L. Connell Associate Editor Jack Godwin, Ph.D. Book Review Editor Brett Swaney Art Director Marco Marchegiani, U.S. Government Publishing Office Advisory Committee Ambassador Erica Barks-Ruggles/College of International Security Affairs; RDML Shoshana S. Chatfield, USN/U.S. Naval War College; Col Thomas J. Gordon, USMC/Marine Corps Command and Staff College; MG Lewis G. Irwin, USAR/Joint Forces Staff College; MG John S. Kem, USA/U.S. Army War College; Cassandra C. Lewis, Ph.D./College of Information and Cyberspace; LTG Michael D. Lundy, USA/U.S. Army Command and General Staff College; LtGen Daniel J. O’Donohue, USMC/The Joint Staff; Brig Gen Evan L. Pettus, USAF/Air Command and Staff College; RDML Cedric E. Pringle, USN/National War College; Brig Gen Kyle W. Robinson, USAF/Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy; Brig Gen Jeremy T. Sloane, USAF/Air War College; Col Blair J. Sokol, USMC/Marine Corps War College; Lt Gen Glen D. VanHerck, USAF/The Joint Staff Editorial Board Richard K. -
The Syrian War and the Question of an American Mutiny
The Syrian War And The Question Of An American Mutiny By Adeyinka Makinde Region: Middle East & North Africa, USA Global Research, October 11, 2016 Theme: History, US NATO War Agenda Adeyinka Makinde In-depth Report: SYRIA A recent press conference given by US Army General Mark Milley, the present serving army chief of staff reminded me of the fictional character played by Burt Lancaster in the 1964 movie ‘Seven Days in May’. That film posited the scenario of James Scott (the Lancaster character) as a Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff who, disgruntled about the serving president’s perceived weakness in seeking a treaty with the Soviet Union, plots to overthrow the civilian government. ‘Seven Days in May’ was based on a book that drew its inspiration from real life American political and military figures in the early 1960s during the Cold War. At that time Right-wing, verging on fascist-leaning generals such as Army General Lyman Lemnitzer the supremo at the Pentagon and Air Force Generals Curtis LeMay and Tommy Powers dominated the Pentagon. A Major General named Edwin Walker actually tried to indoctrinate troops under his command with the teachings of the Right-wing John Birch Society. It was in the prevailing atmosphere of fervent anti-communism at the time that these generals sought to undermine and even plot to overthrow the government of President John F. Kennedy. This view was not limited to a few senators and journalists of the time. The Kremlin apparently believed this to the extent that it is claimed to have influenced Nikita Khruschev’s decision to reach the settlement that he did with Kennedy over the Cuban Missile Crisis. -
SPRING 2017 MESSAGE from the CHAIRMAN Greetings to All USAWC Graduates and Foundation Friends
SPRING 2017 MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRMAN Greetings to all USAWC graduates and Foundation friends, On behalf of our Foundation Board of Trustees, it is a privilege to share Chairman of the Board this magazine with you containing the latest news of our Foundation LTG (Ret) Thomas G. Rhame and of the U.S. Army War College (USAWC) and its graduates. Vice Chairman of the Board Our Spring Board meeting in Tampa in March was very productive as we Mr. Frank C. Sullivan planned our 2018 support to the College. We remain very appreciative Trustees and impressed with the professionalism and vision of MG Bill Rapp, LTG (Ret) Richard F. Timmons (President Emeritus) RES ’04 & 50th Commandant as he helps us understand the needs of MG (Ret) William F. Burns (President Emeritus) the College going forward. With his excellent stewardship of our Foundation support across Mrs. Charlotte H. Watts (Trustee Emerita) more than 20 programs, he has helped advance the ability of our very successful public/ Dr. Elihu Rose (Trustee Emeritus) Mr. Russell T. Bundy (Foundation Advisor) private partnership to provide the margin of excellence for the College and its grads. We also LTG (Ret) Dennis L. Benchoff thank so many of you who came to our USAWC Alumni Dinner in Tampa on March 15, Mr. Steven H. Biondolillo 2017 (feature and photos on page 7). Special thanks to GEN Joseph L. Votel III, RES ’01, Mr. Hans L. Christensen and GEN Raymond A. Th omas III, RES ’00, for hosting us at the Central and Special Ms. Jo B. Dutcher Operations Commands at MacDill AFB on March 17th. -
Moral Courage Intelligent Disobedience
Moral Courage and Intelligent Disobedience by Ted Thomas and Ira Chaleff he military needs men and women who have courage–the physical courage to go into battle, to overcome fear in the face of bodily injury or death, mental pain, and lifelong disabilities. Militaries run on physical courage. Without it, they run from a fight and surrender. Many Tsources quote Aristotle as saying, “Courage is the first of human qualities because it is the quality which guarantees the others.”1 Courage is a primary virtue, as all other virtues require it. There is another type of courage the military needs, but it is hard to measure or even define– moral courage. The following words of Robert F. Kennedy are as salient today as they were in June of 1966 when he spoke them in Cape Town, South Africa. “Few men are willing to brave the disapproval of their fellows, the censure of their colleagues, the wrath of their society. Moral courage is a rarer commodity than bravery in battle or great intelligence. Yet it is the one essential, vital quality of those who seek to change a world which yields most painfully to change.”2 Bravery in battle is needed, but so is the courage to stand up for what is right and against what is immoral, unethical, or illegal. A critical application of moral courage is knowing when and how to disobey–which can be thought of as intelligent disobedience. This involves an ability to work within the system to maintain standards and uphold moral values. Organizational culture and operational pressures can sometimes cause the values of people to become blurred when the mission becomes more important than virtues. -
Evaluating the Army's Ability to Regenerate
C O R P O R A T I O N Evaluating the Army’s Ability to Regenerate History and Future Options Shanthi Nataraj, M. Wade Markel, Jaime L. Hastings, Eric V. Larson, Jill E. Luoto, Christopher E. Maerzluft, Craig A. Myatt, Bruce R. Orvis, Christina Panis, Michael H. Powell, Jose R. Rodriguez, Tiffany Tsai For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR1637 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-0-8330-9663-0 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2017 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface This document reports results from a research project entitled, “Developing a Strate- gic Framework for Army Regeneration.” The purpose of the project was to assess the Army’s ability to regenerate active component end strength using a variety of acces- sions, retention, and force management policies. -
Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 117 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 117 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 167 WASHINGTON, FRIDAY, JANUARY 22, 2021 No. 13 House of Representatives The House was not in session today. Its next meeting will be held on Monday, January 25, 2021, at 1:30 p.m. Senate FRIDAY, JANUARY 22, 2021 The Senate met at 10 a.m. and was NATIONAL GUARD We owe an enormous debt of grati- called to order by the President pro Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, now, tude to the men and women who tempore (Mr. LEAHY). it came to our attention last night worked to keep us safe on January 6 and the days since. A situation like f that members of the National Guard, after standing on duty to protect the last night will never happen again. PRAYER Capitol for Inauguration Day, keeping f The Chaplain, Dr. Barry C. Black, of- us safe, were sleeping in parking ga- BUSINESS BEFORE THE SENATE fered the following prayer: rages and cramped quarters without Mr. SCHUMER. Now, I have spoken Let us pray. proper space or ventilation. It was ut- about the Senate’s agenda for the next Sovereign King, our hope for years to terly unacceptable. several weeks. We have three essential come, deliver us from the sin of run- I have told those who run the secu- items on our plate: one, the confirma- ning from the truth. Remind us often rity of the Capitol that it can never tion of President Biden’s Cabinet and that truth brings freedom. -
MILITARY Mipb/Mipbhome/Welcome.Htm INTELLIGENCE FEATURES PB 34-01-1 6 the Future of MIPB Volume 27 Number 1 by Michael P
Check us out on the Internet MILITARY http://huachuca-usaic.army.mil/ mipb/mipbhome/welcome.htm INTELLIGENCE FEATURES PB 34-01-1 6 The Future of MIPB Volume 27 Number 1 by Michael P. Ley January-September 2001 7 Intelligence Support to TF Falcon’s Peace Enforcement STAFF: Mission Commanding General by Major General Bantz J. Craddock Major General John D. Thomas, Jr. 8 Kosovo: A Year of Intelligence Operations Requirements Development, by Lieutenant Colonel John S. Rovegno Determination and Integration Director 14 Kosovo: Lessons Learned Colonel Charles Atkins by Lieutenant Colonel John S. Rovegno Managing Editor 18 HUMINT Collection During Peace Operations Michael P. Ley by Chief Warrant Officer Three Gary G. Barnett Editor 20 MI Tactical HUMINT Team Operations in Kosovo Elizabeth A. McGovern by Chief Warrant Officer Three Gary G. Barnett Assistant Editors 23 Ground Surveillance Operations: The Nightstalkers of Vitina JoNell M. Elkins Countermortar Operations in Kosovo Second Lieutenant Brandon S. Woll by Captain Robert A. Culp, II (Please see the box on page 65 for a list of the 26 Ground Surveillance Systems Operations in Kosovo contributing editors and proofreaders.) by Captain Frank F. Tank Art Director 29 Electronic Warfare Operations in Kosovo Specialist Ernesto A. Bolanos by First Sergeant David Redmon Assistant Art Directors 33 Building the ACE in Kosovo Staff Sergeant Sharon K. Nieto by Major Donald K. Wood and Major Joan B. Mercier Specialist Robert F. Pierson Private Misty L. Simpkin 37 G2 Operations in Peace Operations by Captain Gregory P. Lisi Administration Specialist Maurice N. Hartley 41 ACT Operations--With U.S. -
2 3Rd 25Th ANNUAL RANGER HALL of FAME
25th ANNUAL RANGER HALL OF FAME JUNE 28, 2017 FORT BENNING GEORGIA 2 3rd RANGER MEMORIAL Dedicated To All Rangers Past, Present, & Future Fort Benning, Georgia United States Army Ranger Hall of Fame 25th Annual Induction Ceremony June 28, 2017 NOMINATING COMMITTEE Airborne Rangers of the Korean War 75th Ranger Regiment Association Airborne and Ranger Training Brigade, The National Ranger Association 75th Ranger Regiment, The Ranger Regiment Association United States Army Ranger Association World Wide Army Ranger Association SELECTION COMMITTEE President - GEN (RET) William F. Kernan Commander, ARTB - COL Douglas G. Vincent Commander, 75th RGR RGT - COL Marcus S. Evans CSM, ARTB - CSM Victor A. Ballesteros CSM, 75th RGR RGT - CSM Craig A. Bishop Airborne Rangers of the Korean War Association 75th Ranger Regiment Association United States Army Ranger Association World Wide Army Ranger Association The members of the Ranger Hall of Fame Selection Board are proud to introduce the 2017 Ranger Hall of Fame inductees. The Ranger Hall of Fame began to honor and preserve the spirit and contributions of America’s most ex- traordinary Rangers in 1992. The members of the Ranger Hall of Fame Selection Board take meticulous care to ensure that only the most extraordinary Rangers earn induction, a difficult mission given the high caliber of all nom- inees. Their precepts are impartiality, fairness, and scrutiny. Select Ranger Units and associations representing each era of Ranger history impartially nominate induc- tees. The Selection Board scrutinizes each nominee to ensure only the most extraordinary contributions receive acknowledgement. Each Ranger association and U.S. Army MACOM may submit a maximum of 3 nominations per year. -
Driving the Future of Army Intelligence.” at the Two-Day Conference
Subscriptions: Free unit subscriptions are available by emailing the Editor at [email protected]. Include the complete mailing address (unit name, street address, and building number). Don’t forget to email the Editor when your unit moves, deploys, or redeploys to ensure continual receipt of the Bulletin. Reprints: Material in this Bulletin is not copyrighted (except where indicated). Content may be reprinted if the MI Professional Bulletin and the authors are credited. Our mailing address: MIPB (ATZS-DST-B), Dir. of Doctrine and Intel Sys Trng, USAICoE, 550 Cibeque St., Fort Huachuca, AZ 85613-7017 Commanding General MG Robert P. Walters, Jr. Purpose: The U.S. Army Intelligence Center of Excellence publishes the Military Intelligence Professional Bulletin Chief of Staff (MIPB) quarterly under the provisions of AR 25-30. COL Douglas R. Woodall MIPB presents information designed to keep intelligence Chief Warrant Officer, MI Corps professionals informed of current and emerging devel- CW5 David J. Bassili opments within the field and provides an open forum Command Sergeant Major, MI Corps in which ideas; concepts; tactics, techniques, and proce- dures; historical perspectives; problems and solutions, etc., CSM Warren K. Robinson can be exchanged and discussed for purposes of profes- STAFF: sional development Editor Tracey A. Remus By order of the Secretary of the Army: [email protected] MARK A. MILLEY Associate Editor General, United States Army Maria T. Eichmann Chief of Staff Design and Layout Official: Emma R. Morris Cover Design GERALD B. O’KEEFE Emma R. Morris Administrative Assistant Military Staff to the Secretary of the Army CPT Emily R. -
Trump's Generals
STRATEGIC STUDIES QUARTERLY - PERSPECTIVE Trump’s Generals: A Natural Experiment in Civil-Military Relations JAMES JOYNER Abstract President Donald Trump’s filling of numerous top policy positions with active and retired officers he called “my generals” generated fears of mili- tarization of foreign policy, loss of civilian control of the military, and politicization of the military—yet also hope that they might restrain his worst impulses. Because the generals were all gone by the halfway mark of his administration, we have a natural experiment that allows us to com- pare a Trump presidency with and without retired generals serving as “adults in the room.” None of the dire predictions turned out to be quite true. While Trump repeatedly flirted with civil- military crises, they were not significantly amplified or deterred by the presence of retired generals in key roles. Further, the pattern continued in the second half of the ad- ministration when “true” civilians filled these billets. Whether longer-term damage was done, however, remains unresolved. ***** he presidency of Donald Trump served as a natural experiment, testing many of the long- debated precepts of the civil-military relations (CMR) literature. His postelection interviewing of Tmore than a half dozen recently retired four- star officers for senior posts in his administration unleashed a torrent of columns pointing to the dangers of further militarization of US foreign policy and damage to the military as a nonpartisan institution. At the same time, many argued that these men were uniquely qualified to rein in Trump’s worst pro- clivities. With Trump’s tenure over, we can begin to evaluate these claims. -
Download the Transcript
MILLEY-2020/12/02 1 THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION WEBINAR A CONVERSATION WITH CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF GENERAL MARK MILLEY Washington, D.C. Wednesday, December 2, 2020 PARTICIPANTS: Introduction: JOHN R. ALLEN President The Brookings Institution Conversation: MICHAEL O'HANLON Senior Fellow and Director of Research, Foreign Policy The Brookings Institution GENERAL MARK MILLEY Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff * * * * * ANDERSON COURT REPORTING 1800 Diagonal Road, Suite 600 Alexandria, VA 22314 Phone (703) 519-7180 Fax (703) 519-7190 MILLEY-2020/12/02 2 P R O C E E D I N G S GENERAL ALLEN: Ladies and gentlemen, good morning. And it is a sincere pleasure for me to welcome our featured and honored guest today chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Mark A. Milley, United States Army. Since becoming the 20th chairman of the Joints Chiefs in 2010 General Milley has worked to realize the U.S. National Defense Strategy which prioritizes competition with China and Russia and American defense planning. Indeed, Chairman Milley has worked tirelessly with civilian and uniformed leadership towards developing the U.S. Armed Forces into a truly modern armed force capable of deterring and heading off the threats of all types that we may be facing today, including those emanating from near peer competitors that have now really pronounced once again the idea of great power competition. He simultaneously kept a close and careful eye on the perennial defense issues associated with Iran and North Korea and violent extremism in the Middle East and elsewhere. And this way General Milley's tenure has coincided with –– by any standard, could be considered a unique period in American military history.