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The Position of Secretary of Defense: Statutory Restrictions and Civilian-Military Relations
The Position of Secretary of Defense: Statutory Restrictions and Civilian-Military Relations Updated January 6, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44725 Position of Secretary of Defense: Statutory Restrictions and Civilian-Military Relations Summary The position of Secretary of Defense is unique within the United States government; it is one of two civilian positions within the military chain of command, although unlike the President, the Secretary of Defense is not elected. Section 113 of the United States Code states that the Secretary of Defense is to be “appointed from civilian life by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.” The section goes on to elaborate a key mechanism by which civilian control of the armed forces is maintained: A person may not be appointed as Secretary of Defense within seven years after relief from active duty as a commissioned officer of a regular component of an armed force. The proposed nomination of General (Ret.) Lloyd Austin, United States Army, who retired from the military in 2016, to be Secretary of Defense may lead both houses of Congress to consider whether and how to suspend, change, or remove that provision. This provision was originally contained in the 1947 National Security Act (P.L. 80-253), which mandated that 10 years pass between the time an officer is relieved from active duty and when he or she could be appointed to the office of the Secretary of Defense. In 2007, Section 903 of the FY2008 National Defense Authorization Act (P.L. 110-181), Congress changed the period of time that must elapse between relief from active duty and appointment to the position of Secretary of Defense to seven years. -
SPRING 2017 MESSAGE from the CHAIRMAN Greetings to All USAWC Graduates and Foundation Friends
SPRING 2017 MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRMAN Greetings to all USAWC graduates and Foundation friends, On behalf of our Foundation Board of Trustees, it is a privilege to share Chairman of the Board this magazine with you containing the latest news of our Foundation LTG (Ret) Thomas G. Rhame and of the U.S. Army War College (USAWC) and its graduates. Vice Chairman of the Board Our Spring Board meeting in Tampa in March was very productive as we Mr. Frank C. Sullivan planned our 2018 support to the College. We remain very appreciative Trustees and impressed with the professionalism and vision of MG Bill Rapp, LTG (Ret) Richard F. Timmons (President Emeritus) RES ’04 & 50th Commandant as he helps us understand the needs of MG (Ret) William F. Burns (President Emeritus) the College going forward. With his excellent stewardship of our Foundation support across Mrs. Charlotte H. Watts (Trustee Emerita) more than 20 programs, he has helped advance the ability of our very successful public/ Dr. Elihu Rose (Trustee Emeritus) Mr. Russell T. Bundy (Foundation Advisor) private partnership to provide the margin of excellence for the College and its grads. We also LTG (Ret) Dennis L. Benchoff thank so many of you who came to our USAWC Alumni Dinner in Tampa on March 15, Mr. Steven H. Biondolillo 2017 (feature and photos on page 7). Special thanks to GEN Joseph L. Votel III, RES ’01, Mr. Hans L. Christensen and GEN Raymond A. Th omas III, RES ’00, for hosting us at the Central and Special Ms. Jo B. Dutcher Operations Commands at MacDill AFB on March 17th. -
Evaluating the Army's Ability to Regenerate
C O R P O R A T I O N Evaluating the Army’s Ability to Regenerate History and Future Options Shanthi Nataraj, M. Wade Markel, Jaime L. Hastings, Eric V. Larson, Jill E. Luoto, Christopher E. Maerzluft, Craig A. Myatt, Bruce R. Orvis, Christina Panis, Michael H. Powell, Jose R. Rodriguez, Tiffany Tsai For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR1637 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-0-8330-9663-0 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2017 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface This document reports results from a research project entitled, “Developing a Strate- gic Framework for Army Regeneration.” The purpose of the project was to assess the Army’s ability to regenerate active component end strength using a variety of acces- sions, retention, and force management policies. -
National Defense University 2013-2014 Electives Program Catalog
National Defense University 2013-2014 Electives Program Catalog CONTENTS FALL SEMESTER ............................................................................................................................ 2 *EISENHOWER SCHOOL (FORMERLY KNOWN AS INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE OF THE ARMED FORCES)………..….…………………..…… 2 INFORMATION RESOURCES MANAGEMENT COLLEGE (IRMC) ................................................ 15 NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY (NDU) ................................................................................ 18 NATIONAL WAR COLLEGE (NWC) ........................................................................................... 22 COLLEGE OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS (CISA).. ...................................................... 35 SPRING SEMESTER ..................................................................................................................... 36 *EISENHOWER SCHOOL (FORMERLY KNOWN AS INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE OF THE ARMED FORCES)…. .................................. 36 INFORMATION RESOURCES MANAGEMENT COLLEGE (IRMC) ................................................ 48 NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY (NDU) ................................................................................. 51 NATIONAL WAR COLLEGE (NWC) ........................................................................................... 57 **COLLEGE OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS (CISA) * All Eisenhower School classes will be identified by the ICAF prefix. **College of International Security Affairs’ spring semester classes have not been -
Overcoming a Failure of Imagination to Conduct Adaptive Work John B
Real Leadership and the U.S. Army Overcoming a Failure of Imagination to Conduct Adaptive Work John B. Richardson, IV etortThe LPapers REAL LEADERSHIP AND THE U.S. ARMY: OVERCOMING A FAILURE OF IMAGINATION U.S. ARMY WAR COLLEGE TO CONDUCT ADAPTIVE WORK John B. Richardson IV Visit our website for other free publication downloads http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/ To rate this publication click here. U.S. ARMY WAR COLLEGE Strategic Studies Institute This Publication SSI Website USAWC Website U.S. Army War College, Carlisle, PA The Letort Papers In the early 18th century, James Letort, an explorer and fur trader, was instrumental in opening up the Cumberland Valley to settlement. By 1752, there was a garrison on Letort Creek at what is today Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania. In those days, Carlisle Barracks lay at the western edge of the American colonies. It was a bastion for the protection of settlers and a departure point for further exploration. Today, as was the case over two centuries ago, Carlisle Barracks, as the home of the U.S. Army War College, is a place of transition and transformation. In the same spirit of bold curiosity that compelled the men and women who, like Letort, settled the American West, the Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) presents The Letort Papers. This series allows SSI to publish papers, retrospectives, speeches, or essays of interest to the defense academic community which may not correspond with our mainstream policy-oriented publications. If you think you may have a subject amenable to publication in our Letort Paper series, or if you wish to comment on a particular paper, please contact Dr. -
Speaker Bios
Intelligence Reform and Counterterrorism after a Decade: Are We Smarter and Safer? October 16 – 18, 2014 University of Texas at Austin THURSDAY, OCTOBER 16 Blanton Museum, UT Campus 4:00-5:00pm Welcome Remarks and Discussion: Admiral William McRaven (ret.) Admiral McRaven is the ninth commander of United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM), headquartered at MacDill Air Force Base, Fla. USSOCOM ensures the readiness of joint special operations forces and, as directed, conducts operations worldwide. McRaven served from June 2008 to June 2011 as the 11th commander of Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC) headquartered at Fort Bragg, N.C. JSOC is charged to study special operations requirements and techniques, ensure interoperability and equipment standardization, plan and conduct special operations exercises and training, and develop joint special operations tactics. He served from June 2006 to March 2008 as commander, Special Operations Command Europe (SOCEUR). In addition to his duties as commander, SOCEUR, he was designated as the first director of the NATO Special Operations Forces Coordination Centre where he was charged with enhancing the capabilities and interoperability of all NATO Special Operations Forces. McRaven has commanded at every level within the special operations community, including assignments as deputy commanding general for Operations at JSOC; commodore of Naval Special Warfare Group One; commander of SEAL Team Three; task group commander in the U.S. Central Command area of responsibility; task unit commander during Desert Storm and Desert Shield; squadron commander at Naval Special Warfare Development Group; and SEAL platoon commander at Underwater Demolition Team 21/SEAL Team Four. His diverse staff and interagency experience includes assignments as the director for Strategic Planning in the Office of Combating Terrorism on the National Security Council Staff; assessment director at USSOCOM, on the staff of the Chief of Naval Operations, and the chief of staff at Naval Special Warfare Group One. -
Right-Sizing the Force Lessons for the Current Drawdown of Working Paper American Military Personnel
JUNE 2013 Right-Sizing the Force Lessons for the Current Drawdown of WORKING PAPER American Military Personnel By Bernard Rostker Cover Image iStockphoto JUNE 2013 Right-Sizing the Force Lessons for the Current Drawdown of American Military Personnel By Bernard Rostker About the Author Bernard Rostker is a former Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness, and is a Senior Fellow at the RAND Corporation. The views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of RAND or its research sponsors. WORKING papER President Barack Obama’s decision in June 2011 to begin the withdrawal of U.S. combat forces from Mobilizing reserve forces, Afghanistan set in motion the first significant reduc- particularly ground combat tion in the size of the U.S. military since the 9/11 attacks.1 This will be the latest in a long history of forces, has often been drawdowns, going back to the American Revolution, which have restructured, repositioned and reduced problematic. U.S. military forces after each major conflict. These past drawdowns offer many important lessons on against uncertainty — both about future strategic 2 what not to do, including excessive demobilization requirements and the possibility of additional end and planning based on specific assumptions about strength cuts if budgets decline further — then- 3 the nature of the next war. Yet, evidence from the Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta and General past — including newly analyzed data from the Martin Dempsey, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of 1990s drawdown — suggests that the Department of Staff, both emphasized relying on the reserve com- Defense (DOD) may be about to repeat two critical ponent. -
Civil-Military Module Discussion Questions
Civil-Military Module Discussion Questions ............................................................................ 1 Introduction Richard H. Kohn, “Six Myths about Civil-Military Relations in the United States” ................... 2 Civil-Military Relations and Civilian Control Eliot A. Cohen, Supreme Command: Soldiers, Statesmen, and Leadership in Wartime (New York: The Free Press, 2002), Pgs. 1-14, 199-207, 225-233, 239-248 .......................................... 3 Participation in Politics Gen Martin E. Dempsey, “Letter to the Editor: Military leaders do not belong at political conventions,” Washington Post, July 30, 2016 and “Keep Your Politics Private, My Fellow Generals and Admirals,” Defense One, August 1, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/military-leaders-do-not-belong-at-political- conventions/2016/07/30/0e06fc16-568b-11e6-b652-315ae5d4d4dd_story.html , https://www.defenseone.com/ideas/2016/08/keep-your-politics-private-my-fellow-generals-and- admirals/130404/; Heidi Urben, “Commentary: Generals Shouldn’t Be Welcome at These Parties: Stopping Flag Officer Endorsements,” War on the Rocks, July 27, 2020, https://warontherocks.com/2020/07/generals-shouldnt-be-welcome-at-these-parties-stopping- retired-flag-officer-endorsements/ ; Bryan Bender, “’Disturbing and reckless:’ Retired brass spread election lie against Biden and Democrats,” Politico, May 11, 2021, https://www.politico.com/news/2021/05/11/retired-brass-biden-election-487374 ...................... 4 Resignation Peter Feaver, “Should Senior Military Officers -
DEPARTMENT of DEFENSE the Pentagon 20301–1155, Phone (703) 545–6700 Fax 695–3362/693–2161
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE The Pentagon 20301–1155, phone (703) 545–6700 fax 695–3362/693–2161, http://www.defenselink.mil ROBERT M. GATES, Secretary of Defense; born in Wichita, KS, September 25, 1943; education: B.A., College of William and Mary, 1965; M.A., Indiana University, 1966; Ph.D., Georgetown University, 1974; military service: U.S. Air Force, 1967–69, served as an officer in the Strategic Air Command; professional: intelligence analyst, Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 1966–74; staff, National Security Council, 1974–79; Director, DCA/DDCI Executive Staff, CIA, 1981–82; Deputy Director for Intelligence, CIA, 1982–86; Chair, National Intel- ligence Council, 1983–86; Deputy Director of Central Intelligence, CIA, 1986–89; Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, CIA, 1989; Assistant to the President and Deputy for National Security Affairs, CIA, 1989–91; Director, CIA, 1991–93; private consultant; author, From the Shadows: The Ultimate Insider’s Story of Five Presidents and How They Won the Cold War, 1996; interim Dean of the George Bush School of Government and Public Service, Texas A & M University, 1999–2001; President, Texas A & M University, 2002–07; President, National Eagle Scout Association; awards: National Security Medal; Presi- dential Citizens Medal; National Intelligence Distinguished Service Medal; Distinguished Intel- ligence Medal; family: married to Becky; two children; nominated by President George W. Bush to become the 22nd Secretary of Defense, and was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on December 6, 2006. OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY Pentagon, Room 3E880, 20301–1000, phone (703) 692–7100, fax 697–8339 Secretary of Defense.—Robert M. -
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 158, Pt. 2 February 17, 2012
February 17, 2012 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 158, Pt. 2 2225 officials of the Syrian Arab Republic and (2) expresses its solidarity with the people There being no objection, the Senate, their supporters, specifically designating 7 of Syria, who have exhibited remarkable at 2:27 p.m., adjourned until Tuesday, people: President Bashar al-Assad, Vice courage and determination in the face of un- February 21, 2012, at 12 noon. President Farouk al-Shara, Prime Minister speakable violence to rid themselves of a Adel Safar, Minister of the Interior Moham- brutal dictatorship; f mad Ibrahim al-Shaar, Minister of Defense (3) expresses strong disappointment with Ali Habib Mahmoud, Head of Syrian Military the Governments of the Russian Federation NOMINATIONS Intelligence Abdul Fatah Qudsiya, and Direc- and the People’s Republic of China for their Executive nominations received by tor of Political Security Directorate Moham- veto of the United Nations Security Council the Senate: med Dib Zaitoun; resolution condemning Bashar al-Assad and MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION Whereas President Obama, on August 17, the violence in Syria and urges them to re- 2011, issued Executive Order 13582, blocking consider their votes; MAJOR GENERAL JOHN PEABODY, UNITED STATES ARMY, TO BE A MEMBER AND PRESIDENT OF THE MIS- property of the Government of Syria and (4) encourages the members of the United SISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. prohibiting certain transactions with respect Nations Security Council to continue to pur- TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY to Syria; sue a resolution in support of a political so- Whereas, on December 1, 2011, the Depart- lution to the crisis in Syria; C. -
Air Force Professional Military Education Considerations for Change for More Information on This Publication, Visit
C O R P O R A T I O N LAWRENCE M. HANSER, JENNIFER J. LI, CARRA S. SIMS, NORAH GRIFFIN, SPENCER R. CASE Air Force Professional Military Education Considerations for Change For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RRA401-1. About RAND The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. To learn more about RAND, visit www.rand.org. Research Integrity Our mission to help improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis is enabled through our core values of quality and objectivity and our unwavering commitment to the highest level of integrity and ethical behavior. To help ensure our research and analysis are rigorous, objective, and nonpartisan, we subject our research publications to a robust and exacting quality-assurance process; avoid both the appearance and reality of financial and other conflicts of interest through staff training, project screening, and a policy of mandatory disclosure; and pursue transparency in our research engagements through our commitment to the open publication of our research findings and recommendations, disclosure of the source of funding of published research, and policies to ensure intellectual independence. For more information, visit www.rand.org/about/principles. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © 2021 RAND Corporation is a registered trademark. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. -
Iraq Study Group Consultations
CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF THE PRESIDENCY IRAQ STUDY GROUP Iraq Study Group Consultations (* denotes meeting took place in Iraq) Iraqi Officials and Representatives * Jalal Talabani - President * Tareq al-Hashemi - Vice President * Adil Abd al-Mahdi - Vice President * Nouri Kamal al-Maliki - Prime Minister * Salaam al-Zawbai - Deputy Prime Minister * Barham Salih - Deputy Prime Minister * Mahmoud al-Mashhadani - Speaker of the Parliament * Mowaffak al-Rubaie - National Security Advisor * Jawad Kadem al-Bolani - Minister of Interior * Abdul Qader Al-Obeidi - Minister of Defense * Hoshyar Zebari - Minister of Foreign Affairs * Bayan Jabr - Minister of Finance * Hussein al-Shahristani - Minster of Oil * Karim Waheed - Minister of Electricity * Akram al-Hakim - Minister of State for National Reconciliation Affairs * Mithal al-Alusi - Member, High Commission on National Reconciliation * Ayad Jamal al-Din - Member, High Commission on National Reconciliation * Ali Khalifa al-Duleimi - Member, High Commission on National Reconciliation * Sami al-Ma'ajoon - Member, High Commission on National Reconciliation * Muhammad Ahmed Mahmoud - Member, Commission on National Reconciliation * Wijdan Mikhael - Member, High Commission on National Reconciliation Lt. General Nasir Abadi - Deputy Chief of Staff of the Iraqi Joint Forces * Adnan al-Dulaimi - Head of the Tawafuq list Ali Allawi - Former Minister of Finance * Sheik Najeh al-Fetlawi - representative of Muqtada al-Sadr * Abd al-Aziz al-Hakim - Shia Coalition Leader * Sheik Maher al-Hamraa - Ayat Allah