Contributions to Numismatics in Honor of Richard B. Witschonke Alan Roche Richard B

FIDES

Contributions to Numismatics in Honor of Richard B. Witschonke Alan Roche Richard B. Witschonke FIDES Contributions to Numismatics in Honor of Richard B. Witschonke

Edited by Peter G. van Alfen Gilles Bransbourg Michel Amandry

ISBN 978–0–89722–339–3

Printed in China Contents

Preface vii A Bibliography of Richard B. Witschonke ix Katerini Liampi. A Hoard from Thessaly Containing Aeginetan Staters and Thessalian Issues of the Taurokathapsia Type 1 Andrew Burnett and Maria Cristina Molinari. The Capitoline Hoard and the Circulation of Silver Coins in Central and Northern Italy in the Third Century BC 21 Peter van Alfen. A Late Third Century BC Hoard of Sardo-Punic Bronzes (IGCH 2290) 127 Gilles Bransbourg. Currency Debasement and Public Debt Management at the Time of the Second Punic War 141 David Vagi. Alliance and Coinage: South Italy during the Second Punic War 159 Andrew McCabe. A Hoard of Cut Roman Republican Denarii from the Second Punic War 221 François de Callataÿ. The Late Hellenistic Didrachms of Leukas: Another Case of Greek Coinage for the Roman Army 239 Andrew R. Meadows. Four Cistophoric Hoards? 279 William E. Metcalf. The Cistophori of Nysa 311 Nathan T. Elkins. “A City of Brick”: Architectural Designs on Roman Republican Coins and Second-Style Wall Painting 321 Liv Mariah Yarrow. Ulysses’s Return and Portrayals of Fides on Republican Coins 335 Clive Stannard. The Labors of Hercules on Central Italian Coins and Tesserae of the First century BC 357 Michael H. Crawford. Sextus Pompeius between Hispania and Germania 389 Philip Davis. Erato or Terpsichore: A Reassement 393 Bernhard E. Woytek. The Aureus of Pompey the Great Revisited 403 David Hendin. Judaea and Rome: The Early Numismatic Commentary, First Century BCE 427 Patrick Villemur. De Quelques Émissions Coloniales Romaines en Sicile: Retour à Tyndaris 435 Sophia Kremydi and Athena Iakovidou. Corinth and Athens: Numismatic Circulation from the Late Republic to the High Empire 457 Jane DeRose Evans. The Third Neokorate of Sardis in Light of a New Coin Type Found in Sardis 485 Michel Amandry. Le Monnayage de la Res Publica Coloniae Philippensium: Nouvelles Données 495 Preface

This volume had its genesis, appropriately enough, among friends enjoying a fine lunch provided by a host, who as it happened was not at the table due to a scheduling conflict. The discussion of coins, wine, and the importance of friendship that afternoon naturally led to the consideration of ways to thank our host for his habitual generosity. Many who knew him were at one time or another a guest at his table; these moments of good cheer and serious conversation, he felt, were the best way to explore ideas in numismatics, to think of grand new projects, and to bring together old colleagues and new friends in an attempt to ever widen the circles of knowledge and acquaintance. As a host, he preferred to ask questions and let others do the talking, to recede to the sidelines (that afternoon to the point of invisibility!), convinced that his role was secondary to the “real” work of others. We all knew this not to be true. Although he modestly considered himself no more than an amateur, there is no question he made substantial contributions to numismatic scholarship, stewardship, and education. A volume of essays in his honor seemed the right answer for all he had done for us individually and collectively. The enthusiastic response to the Festschrift for Richard Beyer Witschonke, “Rick” to most all who knew him, proved the value of the man and the project. Sadly, he did not live to see it completed, although he took great pleasure in reading early drafts of many of the papers. His decade-long battle with cancer, in which he displayed his typical good cheer and immense fortitude, came to an end on 24 February 2015. Now as a Gedenkschrift, we hope that this volume will serve as a fitting tribute to an exceptional individual. Born in 1945 and raised in Connecticut, Rick graduated from Harvard Business School in 1972 with an MBA with high honors and took a position with American Management Systems (AMS), a technology consulting firm. Rick worked for AMS for most of his career, and after leaving the com- pany in 2000, he continued to work in technology consulting in California before deciding to retire to Califon, New Jersey, to be with his partner Heidi Becker in 2003. Soon thereafter, he began to volunteer several days a week at the American Numismatic Society (ANS) in New York City, before becoming a Curatorial Associate in 2006. Numismatics, especially the coinage of the Roman Republic, had long been a major passion of his; another collecting passion was fine wine. Rick’s coin collecting interests began as a teenager. In 1960 at age 15, he obtained a Roman Re- publican denarius from a Lu Riggs auction. His interest in denarii intensified after reading Edward A. Sydenham’s The Coinage of the Roman Republic (1952), which inspired him to learn more about Republican coinage in general. Republican period coinage was his major collecting focus for the next several decades, during which time he assembled an impressively comprehensive collection of Roman Republican and provincial coins. Most of the Republican collection was sold over the last several years and is featured in the the 2013 Numismatic Ars Classica publication The RBW Collection of Roman Republican Coins. The second part of his collection, almost 3,500 Provincial coins of the Republican period he bequethed to the ANS. This absolutely unique group of coins, probably the only area of Roman coinage that has never been properly catalogued, is comprised of coins from the third to first centuries BC, produced in various parts of the Mediterranean region under Roman control. A volume on this portion of the collection will be published in the near future by the ANS.

vii Rick’s affiliation with the ANS began after his first visit in the late 1960s, when he became, for a while, the ANS’s youngest member. In 1999, Rick was elected a member of the Society’s Governing Council and served one term as an ANS Trustee. Where he felt better able to serve the Society, however, was in the curatorial department helping with the care of the Roman collection, and in sharing his passion for coinage with Summer Seminar students. With his immense enthusiasm for teaching and his conviction that the Seminar is one of the most important activities of the ANS, since it helps to train the next generation of numismatists, Rick was asked to co-direct the Seminar in 2006. Thanks to his enormous input and energy, an already good program was turned into a great program. His com- mitment to teaching was demonstrated again in the summer of 2014, when he was already in steep decline from the cancer and in tremendous pain; he still insisted on coming into the Seminar to teach his full roster of sessions. Although he never considered himself a scholar, Rick nevertheless shared his vast knowledge of Republican coinage in a series of critical articles published by several of the most respected numismatic periodicals and helped as well to edit Festschriften for his close friends, one for Charles Hersch that appeared in 1998, and another for Roberto Russo, that appeared in 2013. Perhaps his greatest contributions to scholarship, however, stemmed from his experience as a businessman. A quick study, highly decisive, and hugely pragmatic, he was able to undertake large scale, complicated projects and see them to fruition. At the same time, he demonstrated an amazing openeness to new ideas and per- spectives, investing his time, resources and energy in assessing and launching new projects. Such traits were well demonstrated by the computerized die-recognition project he launched and financed, now being further developed by the ANS, which promises to create a software package for automating die studies that will be available in the near future. He also played an important role in the early stages of the ANS’s various digital project initiatives, including Nomisma.org, and more recently in helping to organize and launch Coinage of the Roman Republic Online (www.numismatics.org/crro) and Coin Hoards of the Roman Republic (www.numismatics.org/chrr). As is always the case, a volume such as this one would not have been possible without the assistance, diligence, and hard work of others not named on the title page or in the table of contents. Here we must thank Ute Wartenberg for her immediate and full support of the volume; Andrew Reinhard for his excruciating eye for editorial detail; Aadya Bedi and Alan Roche for image assistance; and Muserref Yetim, whose typesetting and design have given this book life.

Peter G. van Alfen

Gilles Bransbourg

Michel Amandry

viii A Bibliography of Richard B. Witschonke

Edited Volumes Co-editor. 2013. Essays in honour of Roberto Russo. Zurich and London: Numismatic Ars Classica AG. Co-editor. 2008. One hundred years of solicitude: collecting by the New York Numismatic Club. New York: American Numismatic Society. Co-editor. 1998. Coins of Macedonia and Rome: essays in honour of Charles Hersh. London: Spink and Son. Editor. Manuscript: C. Hersh. Sequence marks on the coinage of the Roman Republic. (Rare books, ANS Library).

Articles and Chapters Author. 2013. Some unpublished Roman Republican coins. In: P. van Alfen and R. Witschonke, eds. Essays in honour of Roberto Russo. Zurich and London: Numismatic Ars Classica AG, pp. 305–363. Author. 2012. The use of die marks on Roman Republican coins. Revue belge de Numismatique et de Sigillographie 158: 63–84. Author. 2010. Nine new numismatists: 2010 Eric P. Newman Graduate Seminar. ANS Magazine 9.3: 46–51. Author. 2009. Guest editorial. Celator. 23.1: 2. Author. 2009. “There is much more to the study of numismatics…”: the 2009 ANS graduate seminar. ANS Magazine 8.3: 42–45. Author. 2008. The H denarius rehabilitated. Numismatic Chronicle: 141-144. Author. 2008. Better late than never: Newell manuscript finally published. ANS Magazine 7.3: 32–36. Author. 2008. Frank Campbell: an appreciation of five decades of service. ANS Magazine 7.1: 52–54. Co-author. 2008. Q. Aemilius Lepidus (Barbula?) cos. 21 B.C. Historia 57.2: 174–207. Editor. 2008. Coins from the excavations at Beisa (Nysa-Scythopolis, Tel Beth Shean), 1929–1935. American Journal of Numismatics 20: 1–52. Author. 2007. The 2007 summer seminar. ANS Magazine 6.1: 60–61. Author. 2007. The 2007 graduate seminar. ANS Magazine 6.3: 56–60. Author. 2005. Volunteer impressions. ANS Magazine 4.3: 43. Author. 2005. Volunteer impressions: the ANS photofile. ANS Magazine 4.2: 34–35. Author. 2005. Michael Bates: a brief biography. ANS Magazine 4.3: 44–48. Co-author. 2004–2005. Another Fimbria cistophorus. American Journal of Numismatics 16-17: 87–92. Author. 1998. Some late “early” Republican quinarii. In: A. Burnett, U. Wartenberg, and R. Witschon- ke, eds. Coins of Macedonia and Rome: essays in honour of Charles Hersh. London: Spink and Son, pp. 137–138.

Book Reviews Author. 2008. Rev: Hollander, Money in the Late Roman Republic. ANS Magazine 7.2: 59–60. Author. 2007. Rev: Draganov, Sylloge nummorum Graecorum Bulgaria. ANS Magazine 6.2: 69. ix

Four Cistophoric Hoards?

Andrew R. Meadows

“The cistophorus, with its writhing serpents and over-elaborate ornamentation, is perhaps the ugliest coin in the Greek series. Collectors have tended to pass it by, and, maybe in consequence, it has not yet yielded to the Historian all the nourishment which he might extract from it.” The many ANS Summer Seminar students who heard Rick’s tour de force on the “Cistophoric Mys- teries” will recognize instantly the opinion of E. S. G. Robinson (1954) with which his presentation began. His own interests and collecting in this series contributed significantly to the raising of this fas- cinating coinage to the place it deserves in the monetary history of Hellenistic Asia Minor. In this note it seems fitting to offer Rick a few more Cistophoric mysteries, but also, hopefully, a few clarifications.1

1. Smyrna, 1865 (IGCH 1340) In the Wiener Numismatische Monatshefte for 1868, Louis Meyer, a resident of Smyrna, collector of Greek coins, and keen observer of the local market, recorded an interesting find that had apparently been made in 1865. It consisted of approximately 40 tetradrachms and three drachms of Smyrna and

1. I am grateful to Rick for his comments on an earlier draft of this article, and to Bill Metcalf for allowing me to read his article on the mint of Nysa (below pp. 311–320) in draft. The following abbreviations are used in the coin catalogues: “Kleiner/ Noe” = Kleiner and Noe 1977; for coins of the mints of Pergamum, Ephesus and Apameia, “Kleiner” refers to Kleiner 1978, Kleiner 1972, and Kleiner 1979 respectively. Regling = Regling 1913. 279 280 Andrew R. Meadows several (einigen) cistophori of Pergamum.2 The hoard is of particular interest in that it contained coins struck on both the Attic and cistophoric weight standard. Meyer’s publication was noted by Noe in the second edition of his Bibliography of Greek Coin Hoards as no. 987,3 and thus found its way into IGCH as number 1340, with a date of deposit of “2nd century BC.” The probable contents of the hoard are not listed in IGCH in full, and the original publication is not easy of access. I take the opportunity here to reconstruct this find as far as it can be. As will become clear, the hoard cannot belong to the second century, but instead must date from the middle of the first century BC. Meyer announced in his article that he had acquired 16 tetradrachms from the hoard, although it is clear from his tabular listing (pp. 292–3) that he had in fact acquired 16 tetradrachms and one drachm. These issues were of the types Tyche head r./Lion in wreath (tetradrachms) and Head of Apollo r./Homer seated l. (drachms). He also noted that the English collector and scholar James Whit- tall had acquired ten coins from the find, and was able to list three of the magistrates represented among these: ΘΕΟΤΙΜΟΣ, ΜΟΣΧΟΣ, and ΝΙΚΟΣΤΡΑΤΟΣ. It is surely no coincidence that in the auction of Whittall’s coins that took place in London in 1867, two years after the hoard’s discovery, no fewer than eight of these rare tetradrachms, including issues of all three of the noted magistrates, and one drachm were offered for sale.4 The details of the coins catalogued there may be added to those provided by Meyer to produce the following list:

Tetradrachms5

1. 16.25 ΑΠΟΛΛΟΦΑΝΗΣ Meyer 12. Milne II.1.7 (Period XI. 200) 2. 15.72 ΑΠΟΛΛΟΦΑΝΗΣ Meyer 13. Milne II.1.7 (Period XI. 200) 3. 15.99 MΟΣXΟΣ Meyer 19. Whittall (1867) 448. Milne II.1.9 (Pe- riod XI. 206) 4. 16.44 ΝΙΚΟΣΤΡΑΤΟΣ Meyer 9. Milne II.1.12 (Period XI. 226). Berlin? 5. 16.36 ΝΙΚΟΣΤΡΑΤΟΣ Meyer 20. Milne II.1.12 (Period XI. 226) 6. 16.59 ΔΙΟΝΥΣΙΟΣ ΒΑΥΣ Meyer 2. Milne II.2.14 (Period XII. 233). Lon- don? 7. 16.40 ΔΙΟΝΥΣΙΟΣ ΒΑΥΣ Meyer 3. Milne II.2.14 (Period XII. 233). Berlin? 8. 16.35 ΔΙΟΝΥΣΙΟΣ ΒΑΥΣ Meyer 4. Milne II.2.14 (Period XII. 233). Hague? 9. 16.72 ΔΙΟΝΥΣΙΟΣ ΒΑΥΣ Whittall (1867) 444. Milne II.2.14 (Period XII.233). Philipsen 2213? 10. 16.55 ΜΗΤΡΟΔΩΡΟΣ + T Meyer 11. Milne II.2.16 (Period XII. 245)

2. Meyer 1868. 3. Noe 1937: 259. 4. Sotheby, Wilkinson, and Hodge, 20.v.1867, lots 442–450. 5. References are to Milne 1914, 1927, and 1928. Four Cistophoric Hoards? 281

11. 16.42 ΜΗΤΡΟΔΩΡΟΣ + T Whittall (1867) 447. Milne II.2.16 (Period XII. 245). Cambridge? 12. 16.04 ΑΡΤΕΜΩΝ6 Meyer 14. Milne II.2.19 (Period XII. 259)? 13. 16.63 ΑΡΤΕΜΩΝ Whittall (1867) 442. Milne II.2.19 (Period XII. 259)? 14. 16.53 ΙΠΠΟΜΕΔΩΝ ΜΗΤΡΙΧΟΥ7 Meyer 8. Milne II.– (Period XII, p. 67–8, n. 5). 15. 16.54 ΘΕΟΤΙΜΟΣ Meyer 18; Whittall (1867) 446. Milne II.2.20 (Pe- riod XII. 262). Berlin? 16. 16.43 ΕΡΜΙΠΠΟΣ ΣΙΠΥΛΟΥ. Meyer 5. Milne II.3.27 (Period XIII. 277) 17. 16.25 ΕΡΜΙΠΠΟΣ ΣΙΠΥΛΟΥ. Meyer 6. Milne II.3.27 (Period XIII. 277) 18. 16.39 ΕΡΜΙΠΠΟΣ ΣΙΠΥΛΟΥ. Whittall (1867) 443. Milne II.3.27 (Period XIII. 277) 19. 16.15 ΗΡΑΚΛΕΙΔΗΣ + U 8 Meyer 15. Milne II.3.26 (Period XIII. 278) 20. 16.64 ΗΡΑΚΛΕΙΔΗΣ + U Whittall (1867) 445. Milne II.3.26 (Period XIII. 278) 21. 16.45 ΗΡΑΚΛΕΙΔΟΥ + V Meyer 7. Milne II.3.26a (Period XIV. 308). Bun- bury? 22. 16.32 ΜΗΝΟΔΟΤΟΣ ΣΑΡAΠΙΩΝΟΣ Meyer 16. Milne II.3.25 (Period XIV. 310). Go- tha? 23. 16.40 ΑΠΟΛΛΑΣ ΓΑΛΑΤΗΣ Meyer 10. Milne II.3.23 (Period XV. 337). Berlin? 24. 16.50 ΔΙΟΣKΟΥΡΙΔΗΣ Meyer 17. Milne III.33 (Period XVII.395)

Drachms

25. 4.07 ΑPTEMΩN ΓEΛΛIΑΣ9 Meyer 1. Milne II.2.19 (Period XII. 260). Berlin? 26. 3.58 ΣΑΡΑΠΙΩΝ Whittall (1867) 450. Milne III.30 (Period XII. 242*: see p. 162). BMC 7?

6. Curiously, both Meyer and the Whittall sale catalogue describe this magistrate thus, and yet Milne records only a silver issue in his own collection in the name of ΑΡΤΕΜΩΝ ΓΕΛΛΙΑΣ. Judging from the weight, his coin cannot be either of the coins listed above. Conceivably, therefore, the hoard contained two examples of an issue unknown to Milne. 7. Read as ΙΠΠΟΝΙΔΩΝ ΜΗΡΡΙΧΟΥ by Meyer. For the more likely reading see Milne (1927) p. 68, n.5. Milne assumes that this is the same coin as Whittall sale (1884) lot 1007, but was unable to locate the specimen(s). 8. Meyer does not note the monogram, but from the disposition of the magistrate’s name over two lines, it is clear that this must be the issue in question. 9. Read by Meyer as …ΣΕΜΩΝ ΠΛ…. 282 Andrew R. Meadows

It is also of interest that in the sale of Whittall’s remaining collection, which took place in 1884, after his death, a further four tetradrachms of this type were offered for sale. It is less certain that these coins derived from the same hoard, but for the sake of completeness they are listed below:

27. ΑΠΟΛΛΟΦΑΝΗΣ Whittall (1884) 1008. Milne II.1.7 (Period XI. 200) 28. ΙΠΠΟΜΕΔΩΝ ΜΗΤΡΙΧΟΥ Whittall (1884) 1007.10 29. ΕΡΜΙΠΠΟΣ ΣΙΠΥΛΟΥ Whittall (1884) 1009. Milne II.3.27 (Period XIII. 277) 30. KΛΕΑΝΔΡΙΔΗΣ Whittall (1884) 1006. Milne II.– (Period XV. 355). ANS 1905.57.371?

The terminus post quem for this hoard is clearly provided by the latest tetradrachm of Smyrna, which belongs to Milne’s period XVII (ΔΙΟΣKΟΥΡΙΔ). The chronology of this cannot be determined with absolute precision, but is certainly post Mithridatic, and precedes the closure of the mint, which is dated by Milne to 50 BC.11 The period c. 75–50 BC thus becomes the terminus post quem for this hoard. Since Meyer did not specify whether the Pergamene cistophori were proconsular or not, further precision is not possible.

2. Afyon, before 1876 (IGCH 1415)

Meyer, now resident in Nürnberg, recorded another hoard some years later, which he had obtained from Afyon.12 This consisted of at least 120 cistophori. Among them were ten varieties of the mint of Apameia that he was unable to find in Mionnet. Most can now be identified with issues known to Kleiner (1979). Again it is helpful to list these:

1. ΑΤΤΑΛΟΥ. Meyer 2. Kleiner I 2. ΜΗΤΡΟ ΚΕΛΑΙ. Μeyer 9. Kleiner IV 3. ΓΥΟΥ. Μeyer 5. Kleiner V 4. ΔΙΟΝΥΣΙΟΥ. Meyer 1. Kleiner VI 5. ΔΙΟΤΡΕΦΟΥΣ.13 Meyer 4. Kleiner VII

10. See above no. 14 with n. 7. 11. Milne 1928: 153–4; cf. Kinns 1987: 110–111. 12. Meyer 1876: 149. 13. Meyer read [—]ΙΟΔ[—]|ΦΟΥΣ Four Cistophoric Hoards? 283

6. KΕΛΑΙ.14 Meyer 3. 7. ΜΥΙΣΚΟΥ.15 Meyer 8. Kleiner XI 8. ΤΙΜΩΝΟΣ. Meyer 10. Kleiner XII 9. ΜΙΘΡΑ ΜΥΩΝΙ. Meyer 6. Kleiner XX 10. ΜΥΤΑ. Meyer 7. Kleiner XXI

Obviously this selection is not random, and thus cannot be taken to be representative of the contents of the whole group. Nonetheless, it can provide us with a terminus post quem for the hoard. This is given by the examples of Kleiner’s issues XX and XXI. The chronology of these issues of Apameia can be broadly established from two pieces of hoard evidence. A fresh example of an issue of Attalos (Kleiner I) appeared in the Giresun 1933 hoard (IGCH 1383), deposited c. 82 BC.16 A further 13 issues (to Kleiner XIV) were present in the Mihaliç 1929 hoard (IGCH 1358). This hoard can be dated to 77/6 BC or shortly thereafter on the basis of the dated coins of Ephesus and Tralles that it contained.17 Seven more issues (Kleiner XVI-XXII) were not present in the Mihaliç hoard, and seem likely to postdate its burial. 77/6 BC is thus the date after which the Afyon hoard must have been buried. The date given for this deposit in IGCH of “Before 133 BC” is clearly incorrect. A date in the 70s- 60s BC, but in any case before the introduction of the Apameian proconsular cistophori in 58/7 BC, seems certain.18

3. Unknown find spot, c. 1986 (CH 8.537)

In his study of the late cistophoric coinage of Ephesus, François de Callataÿ noted the existence of what seemed to be a hoard in commerce, in the 1986 auction sales of Numismatik Lanz in Munich.19 The hoard is also noted independently as CH 8. 537 (citing only Lanz sale 36).20 It is clear in fact that a very large number of cistophori were on the market in Germany between 1986 and 1989, and I take the opportunity to list them here. From the presence of the proconsular issues of C. Fannius (49/8 BC) it is clear that this hoard must have been deposited in the 40s BC. A context in the Civil Wars thus seems likely. As will be clear from the discussion that follows under no. 4 below, around 1990 what appears to be a second cistophoric hoard began to appear on the market in Germany and London. There is reason to believe that the second hoard closed somewhat earlier than the 1986 hoard. However, as a result of the close proximity of their appearance on the market, there is obviously a danger that ele-

14. Meyer read KΟΛΛΙ[—]. 15. Meyer read ΜΥΡΣΚΟΥ. 16. Kleiner (1974) assigned a date of 77 BC to this hoard; cf. eund. 1979: 121. Against this and in favor of the more probable date of spring 82 BC (during the campaign of Murena), Callataÿ 1995: 45 with n. 83. 17. Ephesus to year 56 (79/8 BC); Tralles to year 9 (probably 77/6 BC). For discussion the hoard and the likely era of Tralles see Leschhorn 1993: 208–212. 18. For the date of the first proconsular issues of T. Ampius T. f. Balbus see Stumpf 1991: 21–23. 19. Callataÿ 1997: 175 with n. 38. 20. It was thence included by Backendorff 1999 as his hoard Q. 284 Andrew R. Meadows ments of the two hoards have become mixed and indistinguishable in commerce. Coins that appeared in commerce after 1990 may nonetheless have derived from this find, rather than that which came on the market in that year. An obvious case is group of somewhat worn proconsular cistophori that appeared in Aufhäuser sales 7 and 8 in 1990 and 1991.21

Pergamum c. 166–160 BC 1. 12.46 Rauch 41 (1989) 224. Eagle. Kleiner/Noe 6 2. 12.50 Müller 55 (1987) 71. Caduceus. Kleiner/Noe 7 3. 12.37 MZ 62 (1987) 220. MZ FPL 38 (1987) 1200. Upright amphora? Kleiner/Noe 8var? c. 160–150 BC 4. MZ FPL 38 (1987) 1201; FPL 39 (1988) 101. Stylis. Kleiner/Noe 15 c. 150–140 BC 5. MZ FPL 39 (1988) 102. Dolphin. Kleiner/Noe 23a 6. Hirsch 159 (1988) 311. Dolphin. Kleiner/Noe 23a 7. 12.48 Hirsch 160 (1988) 184. Dolphin and prow. Kleiner/Noe 23b 8. 12.50 Hirsch 161 (1989) 231. Dolphin and prow. Kleiner/Noe 23b 9. 12.57 Lanz 38 (1986) 302. Filleted thyrsus. Kleiner/Noe 24a 10. 12.47 MZ 61 (1987) 189. Filleted thyrsus? Kleiner/Noe 24a? 11. 12.50 Müller 55 (1987) 74. Filleted thyrsus and prow? Kleiner/Noe 24b 12. 12.50 Müller 55 (1987) 73. Crested helmet. Kleiner/Noe 25b 13. 12.60 Müller 53 (1986) 80. Crested helmet? Kleiner/Noe 25b? 14. 12.60 Müller 55 (1987) 72. Unclear symbol. c. 128–123 BC 15. 12.60 Lanz 38 (1986) 303. KA and branch; Kleiner/Noe –. Cf. 35 for branch in l. field c. 123–104 BC 16. 11.30 Müller 60 (1989) 75. W. Kleiner 7 17. 12.60 Müller 59 (1988) 137. W. Kleiner 7 18. 12.50 Müller 62 (1989) 82. W. Kleiner 7 19. 12.43 Kricheldorf 39 (1987) 65. W. Kleiner 7 20. 12.31 MZ 57 (1986) 1359. W. Kleiner 7 21. Hirsch 162 (1989) 245. W. Kleiner 7 c. 104–98 BC 22. 12.60 Müller 59 (1988) 138. X. Kleiner 9

21. See below, section 4. Four Cistophoric Hoards? 285

23. 12.67 Lanz 40 (1987) 251. MZ FPL 38 (1987) 1204; FPL 39 (1988) 104. ΔΙ. Kleiner 12 24. Hirsch 162 (1989) 244. ΔΙ. Kleiner 12 25. 12.45 Schulten 19–21.iv.89. 89. KA. Kleiner 15 26. 12.27 Schulten 11–2.iv.88, 128. MH. Kleiner 21 27. 11.90 Müller 54 (1987) 44. MH. Kleiner 21 28. 12.50 Müller 62 (1989) 84. MH. Kleiner 21. 29. 12.32 Hirsch 156 (1987) 166. MH. Kleiner 21 30. 12.69 Schulten 19–21.iv.89. 90. NI. Kleiner 23 c. 98–95 BC 31. 12.63 Lanz 36 (1986) 307. ΛΥ. Kleiner 16 32. 12.50 Müller 60 (1989) 76. ΛΥ. Kleiner 16 c. 95–92 ΒC 33. 12.54 Lanz 36 (1986) 308. AM. Kleiner 3 34. 12.60 Müller 53 (1986) 81. AM. Kleiner 3 35. 12.46 Hirsch 162 (1989) 243. AM. Kleiner 3 36. Emporium 14 (1988) 45. BO. Kleiner 10 37. 12.50 Müller 62 (1989) 83. BO. Kleiner 10 38. 12.38 Kricheldorf 39 (1987) 67. BO. Kleiner 10 39. 12.53 Lanz 36 (1986) 309. MA. Kleiner 17 40. 12.45 Lanz 40 (1987) 252. MA. Kleiner 17 41. 12.63 Rauch 39 (1987) 76. MA. Kleiner 17 42. 12.67 Rauch 43 (1987) 341. MA. Kleiner 17 43. 12.63 Rauch 43 (1989) 338; FPL Aug. 1993, 160. MA. Kleiner 17 c. 92–88 BC 44. 12.56 Lanz 36 (1986) 310. ΑΣ L. Kleiner 29 45. 12.57 Rauch 39 (1987) 74. ΑΣ L. Kleiner 29 46. 12.50 Lanz 36 (1986) 311. ΔΗ L. Kleiner 31 47. 12.50 Schulten 11–2.iv.88, 129. ΔΗ L. Kleiner 31 48. 12.60 Müller 51 (1986) 88. ΔΗ L. Kleiner 31 49. 12.57 Rauch 37 (1986) 139. ΔΗ L. Kleiner 31 50. 12.08 Rauch 38 (1987) 60. ΔΗ L. Kleiner 31 51. 12.50 Rauch 39 (1987) 71; 43 (1989) 336. ΔΗ L. Kleiner 31 52. 12.58 MZ 61 (1987) 190. ΔΗ L. Kleiner 31 53. 12.44 Lanz 36 (1986) 312. ΕΥ L. Kleiner 33 54. 12.59 GM 33 (1986) 164. ΕΥ L. Kleiner 33 55. MZ FPL 38 (1987) 1203; FPL 39 (1988) 103. L. Kleiner 33 56. 12.67 Rauch 40 (1988) 127. ΕΥ L. Kleiner 33 57. 12.59 Rauch 43 (1989) 127. ΕΥ L. Kleiner 33 58. 12.74 MZ 59 (1986) 1070. ΕΥ L. Kleiner 33 286 Andrew R. Meadows c. 88–85 BC 59. 12.51 Lanz 36 (1986) 313. ΑΡ L. Kleiner 27 60. 12.68 Lanz 40 (1987) 253. ΑΡ L. Kleiner 27 61. 12.70 Müller 53 (1986) 82. ΑΡ L. Kleiner 27 62. 12.50 Müller 62 (1989) 85. ΑΡ L. Kleiner 27 63. 12.59 Rauch 37 (1986) 140. ΑΡ L. Kleiner 27 64. Rauch 38 (1987) 59. ΑΡ L. Kleiner 27 65. 12.74 Rauch 39 (1987) 75. ΑΡ L. Kleiner 27 66. 12.59 Rauch 40 (1988) 128. ΑΡ L. Kleiner 27 67. 12.48 Rauch 40 (1988) 130. ΑΡ L. Rauch 41 (1989) 225. Hirsch 159 (1988) 309; 161 (189) 232; 164 (1989) 286. Kleiner 27 68. 12.46 Rauch 40 (1988) 131. ΑΡ L. Kleiner 27 69. 12.56 Rauch 41 (1989) 226. Hirsch 159 (1988) 310. L. Kleiner 27 70. 12.38 Rauch 43 (1989) 340. ΑΡ L. Kleiner 27 71. 12.38 Lanz 36 (1986) 314. ΒΑ L. Kleiner 30 c. 85–76 BC 72. 12.63 Lanz 36 (1986) 315. ΚΑ L. Kleiner 35 73. 12.70 Müller 53 (1986) 84. ΚΑ L. Kleiner 35 74. 12.54 Hirsch 160 (1988) 187. ΚΑ L. Kleiner 35 75. 12.63 Lanz 36 (1986) 316. ΤΕΥ L. Kleiner 48 76. 12.47 Rauch 22.xi.89, 58. ΤΕΥ L. Kleiner 48 77. 12.14 Lanz 36 (1986) 317. ΚP L. Kleiner 36 78. 12.61 Schulten 15–7.x.90, 145. ΚΡ L. Kleiner 36 79. 12.64 Rauch 39 (1987) 77. ΚΡ L. Kleiner 36 80. 12.70 Rauch 40 (1988) 129. ΚΡ L. Kleiner 36 81. 12.51 Lanz 36 (1986) 318. ΚΡΙ L. Kleiner 37 82. 12.57 Hirsch 157 (1988) 129; 160 (1988) 186. ΚΡΙ L. Kleiner 37 83. 12.16 Lanz 36 (1986) 321. ΚΤ L. Kleiner 38 84. 12.56 Aufhäuser 4 (1987) 76. ΚΤ L. Kleiner 38 85. 12.54 Schulten 11–2.iv.88, 130. ΚΤ L. Kleiner 38 86. 12.49 Rauch 37 (1986) 142. ΚΤ L. Kleiner 38 87. Rauch 38 (1987) 61. ΚΤ L. Kleiner 38 88. 12.60 Rauch 39 (1987) 78; 43 (1989) 339; FPL Aug. 1993, 158. ΚΤ L. Kleiner 38 89. 12.53 Lanz 36 (1986) 319. ΜΗ L. Kleiner 41 90. 12.38 Lanz 36 (1986) 320. ΔΙ L. Kleiner 32 91. 12.60 Lanz 48 (1989) 290. ΔΙ L. Kleiner 32 92. 12.60 Müller 53 (1986) 83. ΔΙ L. Kleiner 32 93. 12.50 Rauch 39 (1987) 72. ΔΙ L. Kleiner 32 94. 12.56 Rauch 39 (1987) 73; 43 (1989) 337. ΔΙ L. Kleiner 32 95. 12.65 Rauch 22.xi.89, 57. ΔΙ L. Kleiner 32 96. Hirsch 160 (1988) 185. ΔΙ L. Kleiner 32 Four Cistophoric Hoards? 287

97. 12.44 Lanz 36 (1986) 322. MZ 59 (1986) 1072. ΙΕ L. Kleiner 34 98. 12.60 Rauch 37 (1986) 141. ΙΕ L. Kleiner 34 99. 12.52 Rauch 37 (1986) 143. ΙΕ L. Kleiner 34 100. 12.55 Kricheldorf 39 (1987) 66. ΙΕ L. Kleiner 34 c. 76 BC 101. 12.49 Rauch 37 (1986) 138. ΑΠ L. Kleiner 24 102. 12.49 Rauch 22.xi.89, 56. ΑΠ L. Kleiner 24 103. 12.26 Lanz 36 (1986) 324. ΑΠ L star. Kleiner 25 104. 11.90 Müller 56 (1987) 98. ΑΠ L star. Kleiner 25 105. 12.36 Kricheldorf 39 (1987) 68. ΑΠ L star. Kleiner 25 106. 12.39 Lanz 36 (1986) 323. ΑΠ L in wreath. Kleiner 26 107. 12.47 Rauch 41 (1989) 227. ΑΠ L in wreath. Kleiner 26 108. 12.36 Hirsch 157 (1988) 127. ΑΠ L in wreath. Kleiner 26 c. 76–67 BC 109. 12.14 Lanz 36 (1986) 325. ME L Α. Kleiner 40 110. 11.98 Lanz 36 (1986) 326. ME L. Kleiner 39 111. 12.32 Lanz 36 (1986) 327. Schulten 21–3.x.86, 82. MH N L Ο. Kleiner 42 112. 12.32 Lanz 36 (1986) 328. ΜΟΣ L. Kleiner 44 113. 11.38 Hirsch 152 (1986) 196. ΜΟΣ L. Kleiner 44 114. 12.30 Lanz 36 (1986) 329. ΜΟΣ L in wreath. Kleiner 45 115. 12.22 Lanz 36 (1986) 330. TH L. Kleiner 49 116. 12.03 Oldenburg 24 (1989) 65. Schulten 15–7.x.90, 146. ΤΗ L. Kleiner 49 117. 12.52 Lanz 36 (1986) 331. ΦΙ L. Kleiner 50 118. 11.56 MZ 62 (1987) 221. ΦΙ L. Kleiner 50 Ephesus c. 160–150 BC 119. MZ FPL 39 (1988) 110. Statue of Artemis Ephesia. Kleiner/Noe 13 120. MZ FPL 39 (1988) 111. Statue of Artemis Ephesia. Kleiner/Noe 13 121. 12.20 Hirsch 160 (1988) 203. Stag. Kleiner/Noe 20 122. 12.58 MZ 63 (1988) 1287. Stag and palm. Kleiner/Noe 21 c. 150–140 BC 123. MZ 62 (1987) 287; FPL 38 (1987) 1218; FPL 39 (1988) 120. Cornucopia. Kleiner/Noe 24 124. 12.58 MZ 63 (1988) 1288. Filleted hand. Kleiner/Noe 26 125. MZ FPL 39 (1988) 112. Filleted hand. Kleiner/Noe 26 126. 12.55 MZ 62 (1987) 246. Bee and coiled serpent on cista. Kleiner/Noe 28 288 Andrew R. Meadows c. 140–137 BC 127. Hirsch 159 (1988) 332. Double cornucopiae and A-K (21 = 139/8 BC). Kleiner/Noe 34a 128. MZ FPL 38 (1987) 1212. Ephesian Artemis and B (2 = 138/7 BC). Kleiner/Noe 36 129. 12.47 Hirsch 159 (1988) 334; 161 (1989) 245; 164 (1989) 298. Ephesian Artemis and B (2 = 138/7 BC). Kleiner/Noe 36 c. 137–134 BC 130. 12.40 Müller 55 (1987) 83. Nude man and hippocamp. Kleiner/Noe 39 c. 131–129 BC 131. 12.53 MZ 62 (1987) 247. Γ (Yr. 3 = 132/1 BC). Kleiner/Noe 42b 132. 12.53 Lanz 36 (1986) 352. Bee. A (1 = 134/3 BC). Kleiner 1 133. 12.63 Rauch 41 (1989) 256. Bee. B. (2 = 133/2 BC). Kleiner 2 134. 12.70 Müller 56 (1987) 112; Emporium 8 (1987) 73. Γ (3 = 132/1 BC). Kleiner 4 135. 12.66 GM 36 (1987) 205. Γ (3 = 132/1 BC). Kleiner 4 136. 12.70 Lanz 36 (1986) 353. Δ (4 = 131/0 ΒC). Kleiner 6 137. Hirsch 159 (1988) 333. Δ (4 = 131/0 ΒC). Kleiner 6 138. 12.53 Hirsch 160 (1988) 204. E (5 = 130/29 BC). Kleiner 7 139. 11.61 Hirsch 154 (1987) 203. Torch. IE (15 = 120/119 BC). Kleiner 21 140. 12.25 Hirsch 152 (1986) 199. Owl. ΛΓ (33 = 102/1 BC). Kleiner 37 141. 12.54 Lanz 36 (1986) 354. Fulmen. MΔ (44 = 91/90 BC). Kleiner 45 142. 12.43 Lanz 42 (1987) 231. Serpent staff. ME (45 = 90–89 BC). Kleiner 46 143. 12.30 Müller 53 (1986) 93. Serpent staff. ME (45 = 90–89 BC). Kleiner 46 144. 12.60 Lanz 36 (1986) 355. Filleted trident. MZ (47 = 88/7 BC). Kleiner 48 145. 12.55 Lanz 36 (1986) 356. Head of Isis facing. MH (48 = 87/6 BC). Kleiner 49 146. 12.34 ΜΖ 57 (1986) 1378. Nike holding wreath. ΜΘ (49 = 86/5 BC). Kleiner 50 147. 12.65 Lanz 36 (1986) 357. Hermes with wreath. NA (51 = 84/83 BC). . Kleiner 52 148. 12.56 Lanz 36 (1986) 358. Headdress of Isis. NB (52 = 83/2 BC). Kleiner 53 149. Rauch 38 (1987) 63; 40 (1988) 143. Headdress of Isis. NB (52 = 83/2 BC). Kleiner 53 150. 12.53 Lanz 36 (1986) 359. Bow in case. NΓ (53 = 82/1 BC). Kleiner 54 151. 12.63 Rauch 37 (1986) 148. Bow in case. NΓ (53 = 82/1 BC). Kleiner 54 152. 12.61 Rauch 40 (1988) 141; 41 (1989) 254. Bow in case. NΓ (53 = 82/1 BC). Kleiner 54 153. 12.56 Hirsch 159 (1988) 335. Rauch 40 (1988) 142; 41 (1989) 255. Bow in case. NΓ (53 = 82/1 BC). Kleiner 54 154. 12.70 Müller 53 (1986) 94. Bow in case. NΓ (53 = 82/1 BC). Kleiner 54 155. 12.70 Lanz 36 (1986) 360. Cornucopia. ΝΔ (54 = 81/0 BC). Kleiner 55 156. 12.31 Schulten 19–21.iii.86, 157. Cornucopia. ΝΔ (54 = 81/0 BC). Kleiner 55 157. 12.60 Schulten 27–9.iii.90, 258. Cornucopia. ΝΔ (54 = 81/0 BC). Kleiner 55 158. 12.65 Lanz 36 (1986) 361. Schulten 21–3.x.86, 87. Müller 56 (1987) 113. MZ 61 (1987) 209. Schulten 20–1.x.88, 402. Oldenburg 22 (1988) 27. Artemis. NE (55 = 80/79 BC). Kleiner 56 159. 12.75 Sternberg 17 (1986) 142. Artemis. NE (55 = 80/79 BC). Kleiner 56 Four Cistophoric Hoards? 289

160. 12.65 Lanz 36 (1986) 362. Owl on palm branch. NC (56 = 79/78 BC). Kleiner 57 161. 12.59 Schulten 19–21.iii.86, 158. Owl on palm branch. NC (56 = 79/78 BC). Kleiner 57 162. 12.54 Lanz 36 (1986) 363. Priapus. NZ (57 = 78/7 BC). Kleiner 58 163. 12.46 Lanz 40 (1987) 265. Priapus. NZ (57 = 78/7 BC). Kleiner 58 164. 12.48 Lanz 36 (1986) 364. Crater. ΞΔ (64 = 71/70 BC). Kleiner 62 165. 12.47 Lanz 36 (1986) 365. Corn ear in cornucopiae. ΞE (65 = 70/69 BC). Kleiner 64 166. 12.39 Lanz 36 (1986) 366. Corn ear in cornucopiae. ΞC (66 = 69/8 BC). Kleiner 68 167. 12.57 Lanz 36 (1986) 367. Poppy in cornucopiae. ΞC (66 = 69/8 BC). Kleiner 69 168. 12.35 Lanz 36 (1986) 368. Poppy in cornucopiae. ΞC (66 = 69/8 BC). Kleiner 69 169. 12.52 Lanz 36 (1986) 369. Poppy in cornucopiae. ΞC (66 = 69/8 BC). Kleiner 69 170. 12.38 Lanz 36 (1986) 370. Palm in cornucopiae. ΞΖ (66 = 69/8 BC). Kleiner 70 171. 12.35 Lanz 36 (1986) 371. Corn ear in cornucopiae. ΞΖ (67 = 68/7 BC). Kleiner 72 172. 12.41 Lanz 36 (1986) 372. Poppy in cornucopiae. ΞΖ (67 = 68/7 BC). Kleiner 73

Nysa

173. 12.32 Lanz 38 (1986) 349. Two heads. MO and B (2 = 84/3 BC). Regling, p. 73, no. 1; Metcalf 3 174. 12.35 Hirsch 162 (1989) 294. Grain stalk and poppy. MO and Z (7 = 79/8 BC). Regling –; Metcalf 10

Sardes c. 166–160 175. 12.09 Lanz 40 (1987) 316. Hirsch 156 (1987) 204. Thyrsus. Kleiner/Noe 1 c. 135–128 BC 176. 12.32 Lanz 36 (1986) 425. Y. Kleiner-Noe – (“cf. series 13”) 177. 12.34 Lanz 38 (1986) 350. Kleiner/Noe 16. Tralles c. 160–155 BC 178. MZ FPL 38 (1987) 1217; FPL 39 (1988) 119. Ear of grain. Kleiner/Noe 12 c. 155–145 BC 179. 12.44 MZ 57 (1986) 1394. Draped female figure. Kleiner/Noe 16 180. 12.56 Hirsch 156 (1987). Shield. Kleiner/Noe 19 181. 12.48 Hirsch 156 (1987) 200. Warrior. Kleiner/Noe 20 182. 12.40 MZ 61 (1987) 239. Poppy-head. Kleiner/Noe 21 183. MZ FPL 39 (1988) 121. Loutrophoros. Kleiner/Noe 22 184. 12.40 Müller 55 (1987) 90. Filleted tripod. Kleiner/Noe 23 185. 12.38 MZ 62 (1987) 288. Filleted tripod. Kleiner/Noe 23 290 Andrew R. Meadows

186. MZ FPL 39 (1988) 122. Eagle on cuirass. Kleiner/Noe 26 c. 145–140 BC 187. 12.40 Müller 55 (1987) 91. Tyche holding cornucopia. Kleiner/Noe 33? c. 140–135 BC 188. 12.57 Sternberg 17 (1986) 164. Fulmen, Eagle and Z. Kleiner/Noe 40 189. 12.50 Müller 59 (1988) 153; 62 (1989) 100. Fulmen, Eagle and Z. Kleiner/Noe 40 Didrachm, uncertain controls 190. Emporium 8 (1987) 80.

Post 133 BC 191. 12.49 Lanz 36 (1986) 426. ΔΙΟΝ and Lyre. SNG Cop. 657 192. 12.54 Lanz 40 (1987) 317. ΔΙΟΝ and Lyre. SNG Cop. 657 193. 12.57 Lanz 42 (1987) 267. ΔΙΟΝ and Lyre. SNG Cop. 657 194. 12.65 Lanz 40 (1987) 319. ΘΕΟΔ and Dionysus. BMC 37 195. 12.26 Lanz 36 (1986) 427. TIME and statue of Artemis. BMC 31 196. 12.42 Lanz 36 (1986) 428. TIME and statue of Artemis. BMC 31 197. 12.42 Lanz 36 (1986) 429. TIME and statue of Artemis. BMC 31 198. 12.30 Müller 58 (1988) 83; 60 (1989) 98. TIME and statue of Athena. BMC 31 199. 12.47 Rauch 40 (1988) 153. ΑΠΟΛ and hand holding caduceus. BMC 34 200. 12.65 Lanz 40 (1987) 318. ΠΤΟΛ and Dionysus. BMC 44 201. Rauch 38 (1987) 66. ΠΤΟΛ and Dionysus. BMC 44 202. 12.26 Rauch 41 (1989) 284. ΠΤΟΛ + B nd Dionysus. BMC 45 203. 12.82 Lanz 36 (1986) 430. ΠΤΟΛ + and Dionysus. BMC 46 204. 12.43 Lanz 36 (1986) 431. ΠΤΟΛ + E and Dionysus. BMC 48 Apameia c. 160–150 BC 205. 12.88 MZ 59 (1986) 1110. Bearded head r. Kleiner/Noe –22 c. 150–140 BC 206. 12.58 Lanz 42 (1987) 272. Bee. Kleiner/Noe 18 207. MZ FPL 39 (1988) 123. Pileus and star. Kleiner/Noe 21 208. MZ FPL 39 (1988) 124. Head of elephant. Kleiner/Noe 23 c. 88–77/6 BC 209. 12.60 Lanz 36 (1986) 442. ΑΤΤΑΛΟΥ Β. Kleiner 2. 210. 12.34 Rauch 43 (1989) 409; FPL Aug. 1993, 179. ΑΤΤΑΛΟΥ Β. Kleiner 2

22. This control is not recorded by Kleiner and Noe. This specimen is obverse die-linked to their series 16 (omphalus): see pl. xxxiii, 10. Four Cistophoric Hoards? 291

211. 12.78 Lanz 36 (1986) 443. ΔΙΟΤΡΕΦΟΥΣ. Kleiner 7 212. 12.56 Lanz 42 (1987) 273. ΚΕΛΑΙ. Kleiner 8 213. 12.62 Lanz 44 (1988) 240. ΚΕΛΑΙ. Kleiner 8 214. 12.60 Lanz 40 (1987) 321. ΚΕΛΑΙ + I. Kleiner 8var c. 77/6–60 BC 215. 11.99 Lanz 36 (1986) 444. ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΙΟΥ. Kleiner 16 216. 12.39 Lanz 40 (1987) 322. ΜΑΝΤΙ ΔΙΟΔΟ. Κleiner 19 217. 12.42 Lanz 36 (1986) 445. ΣΩΚΡΑΤΟΥ. Kleiner 22 Laodiceia

Post 133 BC 218. 12.55 Lanz 40 (1987) 323. [ and winged caduceus. SNG von Aulock 8408 219. 12.27 Lanz 38 (1986) 354. ΖΕΥΞΙΣ ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΙΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΑΜΥΝΤΟΥ. BMC 4 220. 12.40 Lanz 36 (1986) 446. ΙΠΠΟXAITHΣ ΔEINOMAXOΥ. BMC 7 221. 12.59 Lanz 36 (1986) 447. ΕΡΜΟΓΕΝΗΣ ΟΛΥΜΠΙΟΔΩΡΟΥ. Waddington 7020 222. 12.37 Lanz 36 (1986) 448. ΑΦΟΒΗΤΟΣ ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΥ. BMC 5 223. 11.84 Hirsch 162 (1989) 297. ΑΦΟΒΗΤΟΣ ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΥ. BMC 5 224. 12.59 Lanz 36 (1986) 449. ΝΙΚΟΔΙΚΟΣ.23 225. 12.43 Lanz 40 (1987) 324. ΚΡΑΤΙΠΠΟΥ. BMC 10 Imitation?

226. 12.69 Lanz 42 (1987) 274. ΛΑΟ \ and ]. Kleiner/Noe –; cf. p. 102, no. 1, pl. xxxvi.9

Proconsular issues24

T. Ampius Balbus (58/7 BC)

Ephesus

Year OZ (77=58/7 BC) 227. 11.53 Lanz 42 (1987) 232. ΔΙΟΝΥΣΙΟΣ KAIΣTPOΣ. Stumpf 10b (this coin)

Tralles 228. 12.55 Lanz 36 (1986) 432. ΖΕΥΞΙΣ ΙΕΡΟΚΛΗΣ ΣΩ. Stumpf –

23. This magistrate seems not to be recorded in the major references. Two other specimens are known to me: Rauch 15.ix.08, 190 (12.37 g) and CNG electronic auction 328 (2014) 193 (12.10 g, 12h). All three coins were struck from the same obverse die. 24. References are to Stumpf 1991. 292 Andrew R. Meadows

C. Fabius (57/6 BC) Tralles 229. 12.48 Lanz 36 (1986) 432. ΠΑΜΜΕΝΗΣ. Stumpf 32

C. Septumius (56/5 BC)

Tralles 230. 12.63 Lanz 36 (1986) 433. ΔΙΟΓΕΝΗΣ. Stumpf –

C. Claudius Pulcher (55–53 BC)

Laodiceia 231. 12.00 Müller 60 (1989) 100

C. Fannius (49/8 BC)

Ephesus

Year (86 = 49/8 BC) 232. 12.66 Lanz 36 (1986) 373. ΑΡXIΔΗΜΟΣ . Stumpf 59f (this coin) Apameia 233. 12.12 Lanz 42 (1987) 268. ΧΑΡΙΔΗΜΟΣ ΔΙΟΝΥΣΙOΥ. Stumpf –

Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio (49/8 BC)25

Pergamum 234. 12.19 Hirsch 164 (1989) 287. Stumpf. 68

4. Unknown find spot, c. 1990 (CH 8.447, 8.525, 8.526 and 8.539)

Coin Hoards volume 8 contains four entries for late cistophoric hoards that appeared in commerce in the early 1990s, and may well be suspected in fact to form—for the most part—a single hoard. First, in their fixed price list 41 (August 1992), the Cologne-based firm of Münz Zentrum offered a group of 51 cistophori in consecutive lots (nos. 500–550), which, on the basis of relative wear and chronologi- cal range covered, seem highly likely to have derived from a single deposit. The group was inventoried in Coin Hoards 8 twice, in error, as nos. 447 and 525.26 In fact a number of the coins in this price list had first been offered at auction in the previous year (Münz Zentrum auction sales 71 and 72). A trawl through German auction catalogues of the immediate period (1990–1993) in fact yields a significant

25. A significant number of other specimens of Scipio’s issues are recorded by Stumpf (1991: 42) as coming onto the market in the period 1986–1989, and may conceivably derive from this hoard: Athena 2 (1988) 136; Aufhäuser 3 (1986) 131; Elsen 105 (1988) 29; Asta Ceresio 2 (1988) 170; NFA 36 (1989) 24; Sotheby 4.xii.86, 16. 26. The mistake was spotted by Backendorff 1999 who combines them (n. 19) as his hoard “M.” Four Cistophoric Hoards? 293 number of further issues that seem likely to belong to the same find. This assemblage is catalogued below in section 4A. Of clear similarity in composition to CH 8.447 is the third group, recorded in commerce in Lon- don in 1990, and illustrated (though not described) as CH 8.526, pls. lxxxii-lxxxvii. I have taken the opportunity to catalogue the group as a whole and provide the weights as they were recorded by Martin Price (Section 4B below). As can be seen from Figures 1, 2, and 3, the composition of the two groups (4A and 4B) is remarkably similar. The one apparent difference is the closing date. CH 8.526 contains a single proconsular cistophorus of the first governor to issue them, T. Ampius Balbus, of 58/7 BC.27 The coin (Cat. No. 4B.95) is exceptionally fresh and this fact, together with the absence of any later proconsular issues, suggests a date of deposit in around 58–7 BC. At first glance, CH 8.447=525 might seem to have been buried a decade earlier, c. 68/7 BC, since it contains issues down to year 67 of Ephesus.28 However, also in German commerce in 1990–91, at exactly the same time as CH 8.447=525, was a small parcel of proconsular cistophori that may suggest otherwise. These were partially captured in the entry for CH 8.539, which refers to 12 lots that appeared in Aufhäuser 7 (1990). One of these is a denarius apparently listed in error (lot 319); four (lots 128, 158, 212–213) are earlier cistophoric issues and have been listed below in section A with the coins of CH 8.447=525; and the remaining seven are proconsular cistophori. Of these last, six (313–318) are issues of T. Ampius Balbus (58/7 BC) in near mint condition, while one is an issue of Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio, dating to 49/8 BC, but looking considerably less fresh. It is highly unlikely that this last coin could belong to the same hoard as the issues of Balbus, but it seems entirely plausible that the earlier cistophori and the issues of Ampius Balbus could, particularly as we already have grounds to suspect that the hoard closed around the time of Balbus’ governorship. Moreover, although CH 8.539 does not list them, there is another group of coins in the following Aufhäuser sale (8 [1991]) that seem to exhibit a similar pattern. In this sale, there are 14 lots (295–305 and 308–310) of proconsular cistophori. Seven of these (295–301) are issues of T. Ampius Balbus, and four of these are in mint condition (296, 297, 298 and 300). The remainder of the coins, which includes also issues of C. Fabius (57 BC), P. Lentulus Spinther (57/6–54 BC), C. Claudius Pulcher (55–53 BC), and C. Fannius (49–48 BC) have all obviously seen more wear. So once again it seems plausible to suggest that there are two separate groups of proconsular cistophori in the same sale. In any event, the mint-state issues of T. Ampius Balbus are listed below in Section 4C, and to those that appeared in the two Aufhäuser sales I have added three more mint state specimens that appeared in Sternberg 25 (1991) as lots 151–153. The remainder of the proconsular issues from these sales, which appear to derive from another hoard, I have listed in section 4D. It cannot, of course, be ruled out that the earlier cistophori present in these same sales originated in this same hoard. Caution is thus required in the assumption that any individual coin listed in section 4A belonged specifically to that hoard. It is quite possible, for example, that these coins come from CH 8. 537 (above section 3), which began to appear on the market in 1986. However, close comparison of the coins that appeared in commerce before and after c. 1990 does suggest that we are looking at two broadly different populations, and that it is indeed valid to talk of two hoards. The pattern emerges from consideration of Tables 1 and 2 and Figure 3. From these it is clear the pre-1990 group maintains a more even distribution of coins across mints and time. The one noticeable bulge comes

27. For his date, see above n. 18. 28. So, for example, Backendorff 1999: 196, for whom CH 8.526 = hoard “N.” 294 Andrew R. Meadows

Table 1. Raw numbers of specimens in sections 3, 4A, and 4B, by mint and period.

3 4A 4B 8.537 8.447=525 8.526 Pergamum: Attalid 14 6 0 Pergamum: 133–98 16 7 0 Pergamum: 98–92 13 1 0 Pergamum: 92–88 15 14 4 Pergamum: 88–85 13 10 0 Pergamum: 85–77 29 33 25 Pergamum:76–67 18 44 26 Ephesus: Attalid 12 6 0 Ephesus: 133–98 10 7 0 Ephesus: 98–92 0 0 0 Ephesus: 92–88 4 1 1 Ephesus: 88–85 2 0 0 Ephesus: 85–77 17 4 0 Ephesus: 76–67 9 19 17 Nysa 2 20 2 Sardes 3 1 0 Tralles: Attalid 13 8 0 Tralles: post Attalid 14 26 8 Apameia: Attalid 4 0 0 Apameia: 88–77 6 2 0 Apameia: 76–60 3 12 3 Laodiceia 9 36 8 Balbus (58/7) 2 1 Fabius (57/6) 1 Septumius (56/5) 1 Pulcher (55–53) 1 Fannius (49/8) 2 Scipio (49/8) 1 Totals 234 257 95 Four Cistophoric Hoards? 295

Table 2. Numbers of specimens as a percentage of the total in sections 3, 4A, and 4B, by mint and period

3 4A 4B 8.537 8.447=525 8.526 Pergamum: Attalid 6.0 2.3 0.0 Pergamum: 133–98 6.8 2.7 0.0 Pergamum: 98–92 5.6 0.4 0.0 Pergamum: 92–88 6.4 5.5 4.2 Pergamum: 88–85 5.6 3.9 0.0 Pergamum: 85–77 12.4 12.9 26.3 Pergamum: 76–67 7.7 17.2 27.4 Ephesus: Attalid 5.1 2.3 0.0 Ephesus: 133–98 4.3 2.7 0.0 Ephesus: 98–92 0.0 0.0 0.0 Ephesus: 92–88 1.7 0.4 1.1 Ephesus: 88–85 0.9 0.0 0.0 Ephesus: 85–77 7.3 1.6 0.0 Ephesus: 76–67 3.8 7.4 17.9 Nysa 0.9 7.8 2.1 Sardes 1.3 0.4 0.0 Tralles: Attalid 5.6 3.1 0.0 Tralles: post Attalid 6.0 10.2 8.4 Apameia: Attalid 1.7 0.0 0.0 Apameia: 88–77 2.6 0.8 0.0 Apameia: 76–60 1.3 4.7 3.2 Laodiceia 3.8 14.1 8.4 Balbus (58/7) 0.9 0.0 1.1 Fabius (57/6) 0.4 0.0 0.0 Septumius (56/5) 0.4 0.0 0.0 Pulcher (55–53) 0.4 0.0 0.0 Fannius (49/8) 0.9 0.0 0.0 Scipio (49/8) 0.4 0.0 0.0 Totals 100 100 100 296 Andrew R. Meadows

Figure 1. Numbers of specimens as a percentage of the total in sections 3, 4A, and 4B, by mint and period at the mint of Pergamum in the period 85–77 BC. By contrast the coins in commerce after 1990 show a marked peak for the latest issues of Ephesus, and for Laodiceia, and perhaps for Apameia and Nysa.

A. CH 8.447=525

Pergamum c. 166–160 BC 1. 12.54 MZ 73 (1992) 89. Amphora. Kleiner/Noe 8 c. 160–150 BC 2. 12.17 MZ 72 (1991) 546. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 501. Stylis. Kleiner/Noe 15 3. 12.59 MZ 73 (1992) 90. Cornucopia. Kleiner/Noe 22 4. 12.54 MZ 71 (1991) 253. Dolphin. Kleiner/Noe 23 5. 12.64 MZ 72 (1992) 91. Dolphin. Kleiner/Noe 23 6. 12.50 MZ 71 (1991) 252; 72 (1991) 544. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 500. Kleiner/Noe 24 c. 123–104 BC 7. 12.50 Müller 72.1 (1992) 80. W. Kleiner 7 Four Cistophoric Hoards? 297 c. 104–98 BC 8. 12.34 Hirsch 175 (1992) 311. X. Kleiner 9 9. 12.42 MZ 72 (1991) 548. X. Kleiner 9 10. 12.66 MZ 71 (1991) 257; 72 (1992) 551; MZ FPL 41 (1992) 520. ΔΙ. Kleiner 12 11. 12.63 CNG 18 (1991) 148. ΔΙ. Kleiner 12 12. 12.60 Müller 72.1 (1992) 81. MH. Kleiner 21 13. 12.10 Müller 66 (1990) 77. MH. Kleiner 21 c. 95–92 BC 14. 12.42 Küncker 24 (1993) 76. MA. Kleiner 17 c. 92–88 BC 15. 12.31 MZ 73 (1992) 92. ΑC L. Kleiner 28 16. 12.36 Hirsch 177 (1993) 281. L. Kleiner 29 17. 12.50 Kricheldorf 42 (1992) 233. L. Kleiner 29 18. 11.33 MZ 72 (1991) 547. ΑΣ L. Kleiner 29 19. 12.35 Hirsch 175 (1992) 314. L. Kleiner 31 20. 12.77 Lanz 60 (1992) 187. ΔΗ L. Kleiner 31 21. 12.49 Frankfurter MH 138 (1992) 45. ΔΗ L. Kleiner 31 22. 11.95 MZ 73 (1992) 93. ΔΗ L. Kleiner 31 23. 12.40 Müller 69 (1992) 37. ΔΗ L. Kleiner 31 24. 12.43 Rauch FPL Aug. 1993, 155. ΔΗ L. Kleiner 31 25. 12.60 Rauch 44 (1990) 182; 45 (1990) 82. L. Kleiner 31 26. 12.20 Müller 69 (1992) 38. EY L. Kleiner 33 27. 11.98 Rauch 50 (1993) 146; 53 (1994) 55. EY L. Kleiner 33 28. Hirsch 172 (1991) 239. EY L. Kleiner 33 c. 88–85 BC 29. 12.44 Küncker 24 (1993) 76. AP L. Kleiner 27 30. 12.51 Lanz 62 (1992) 308. AP L. Kleiner 27 31. 12.50 Lanz 60 (1992) 188. AP L. Kleiner 27 32. 12.40 Müller 69 (1992) 36. AP L. Kleiner 27 33. 12.65 Rauch 44 (1990) 181. AP L. Kleiner 27 34. 12.50 Rauch 47 (1991) 144. AP L. Kleiner 27 35. 12.64 Rauch FPL Aug. 1993, 156. AP L. Kleiner 27 36. 12.58 Rauch 50 (1993) 142. AP L. Kleiner 27 37. 12.36 Rauch 50 (1993) 143. AP L. Kleiner 27 38. 12.60 AufhL. Kleiner 30 c. 85–76 BC 39. 12.46 GM 58 (1992) 372. KA L. Kleiner 35 40. 12.50 GM 56 (1991) 258. KA L. Kleiner 35 298 Andrew R. Meadows

41. 12.20 Müller 69 (1992) 39. KA L. Kleiner 35 42. 12.37 MZ 72 (1991) 550. TEY L. Kleiner 48 43. 12.26 Rauch 50 (1993) 152. TEY L. Kleiner 48 44. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 518. KP L. Kleiner 36 45. 12.55 GM 56 (1991) 259. KP L. Kleiner 36 46. 12.54 Rauch 46 (1991) 215. KP L. Kleiner 36 47. 12.47 Rauch 47 (1991) 152. KP L. Kleiner 36 48. 12.60 Rauch FPL Aug. 1993, 159. KP L. Kleiner 36 49. 12.63 Hirsch 176 (1992) 247. KPI L. Kleiner 37 50. 12.57 Hirsch 167 (1990) 393; 176 (1992) 248. KPI L. Kleiner 37 51. 12.60 Rauch FPL Aug. 1993, 154. KPI L. Kleiner 37 52. 12.60 Müller 66 (1990) 78. KT L. Kleiner 38 53. 12.50 Müller 65 (1990) 120. KT L. Kleiner 38 54. 12.50 Müller 69 (1992) 40. KT L. Kleiner 38 55. 12.33 Rauch FPL Aug. 1993, 157. KT L. Kleiner 38 56. 11.82 Hirsch 165 (1990) 372. ΚΤ L. Kleiner 38 57. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 509. MH L. Kleiner 41 58. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 510. MH L. Kleiner 41 59. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 511. MH L. Kleiner 41 60. 12.52 KM 56 (1992) 94. MH L. Kleiner 41 61. 12.30 Kricheldorf 43 (1992) 244. MH L. Kleiner 41 62. 12.68 Kricheldorf 43 (1992) 245. MH L. Kleiner 4129 63. 12.22 Rauch 50 (1993) 147; FPL Aug. 1994, 65. MH L. Kleiner 41 64. Hirsch 166 (1990) 324. MH L. Kleiner 41 65. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 507. ΔΙ L. Kleiner 32 66. 12.10 Kricheldorf 42 (1992) 232. ΔΙ L. Kleiner 32 67. 12.50 Rauch 50 (1993) 150. ΔΙ L. Kleiner 32 68. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 508. IE L. Kleiner 34 69. 12.54 Rauch 45 (1990) 81. IE L. Kleiner 34 70. 12.31 Rauch 47 (1991) 145. IE L. Kleiner 34 71. 12.34 Rauch 50 (1993) 151. IE L. Kleiner 34 c. 76 BC 72. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 502. L. Kleiner 24 73. 12.34 Rauch 46 (1991) 213. ΑΠ L. Kleiner 24 74. 12.40 Müller 69 (1992) 35. ΑΠ L in wreath. Kleiner 25 75. 12.90 Müller 73 (1993) 42. ΑΠ L in wreath. Kleiner 25 76. 12.51 Rauch 47 (1991) 147. ΑΠ L in wreath. Kleiner 25 77. 12.45 Rauch 50 (1993) 144. ΑΠ L in wreath. Kleiner 25 78. 11.84 Rauch 50 (1993) 145; FPL Aug. 1994, 64. ΑΠ L in wreath. Kleiner 25 79. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 503. ΑΠ L star. Kleiner 26 29. As the cataloguer of this coin noted, it is curious in that the lid of the cista opens in the opposite direction to normal. Four Cistophoric Hoards? 299

80. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 504. ΑΠ L star. Kleiner 26 81. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 505. ΑΠ L star. Kleiner 26 82. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 506. ΑΠ L star. Kleiner 26 83. 12.50 Müller 64 (1990) 61. ΑΠ L star. Kleiner 26 84. 12.40 Müller 68 (1991) 70. ΑΠ L star. Kleiner 26 85. 12.25 CNG 20 (1992) 123. ΑΠ L star. Kleiner 26 86. 11.26 Rauch 47 (1991) 146. ΑΠ L star. Kleiner 26 87. 11.45 Hirsch 165 (1990) 370. ΑΠ L star. Kleiner 26

76–67 BC 88. 11.42 Rauch 50 (1993) 149. ME L. Kleiner 39 89. 12.63 GM 58 (1992) 373. ME L A. Kleiner 40 90. 11.17 Rauch 50 (1993) 148. O. L Kleiner 51 91. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 517. MOΣ L. Kleiner 44 92. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 512. MOΣ L in wreath. Kleiner 45 93. 12.47 KM 55 (1992) 201. MOΣ L in wreath. Kleiner 45 94. 12.40 Müller 67 (1991) 34. MOΣ L in wreath. Kleiner 45 95. 12.52 Rauch 47 (1991) 148. MOΣ L in wreath. Kleiner 45 96. 12.10 Rauch 47 (1991) 149. MOΣ L in wreath. Kleiner 45 97. 12.18 Rauch 49 (1992) 181. MOΣ L in wreath. Kleiner 45 98. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 513. ΤΗ L. Kleiner 49 99. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 514. ΤΗ L. Kleiner 49 100. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 515. ΤΗ L. Kleiner 49 101. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 516. ΤΗ L. Kleiner 49 102. 12.13 MZ 72 (1991) 549. ΤΗ L. Kleiner 49 103. 12.12 Hirsch 178 (1993) 290. ΤΗ L. Kleiner 49 104. 12.09 Lanz 62 (1992) 309. ΤΗ L. Kleiner 49 105. 12.40 GM 58 (1992) 374. ΤΗ L. Kleiner 49 106. 12.32 Rauch 47 (1991) 150. ΤΗ L. Kleiner 49 107. 12.42 MZ 71 (1991) 255. ΦΙ L. Kleiner 50 108. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 519. ΠΑ L. Kleiner 46 109. 12.37 Hirsch 176 (1992) 246. ΠΑ L. Kleiner 46 110. 12.30 Müller 67 (1991) 35. ΠΑ L. Kleiner 46 111. 12.32 Rauch 46 (1991) 214. ΠΑ L. Kleiner 46 112. 12.34 Rauch 47 (1991) 151. L. Kleiner 46 113. 11.85 Rauch 49 (1992) 183. ΠΑ L. Kleiner 46 114. Hirsch 167 (1990) 392. ΠΑ L. Kleiner 46 115. Hirsch 169 (1991) 388. ΠΑ L. Kleiner 46 300 Andrew R. Meadows

Ephesus c. 160–150 BC 116. 12.30 MZ 71 (1991) 273; 72 (1992) 578. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 521. Statue of Artemis. Kleiner/ Noe 13 117. 5.55 Hirsch 167 (1990) 525. Stag. Kleiner/Noe 20; denomination not recorded. c. 150–140 BC 118. 12.44 MZ 71 (1991) 274; 72 (1991) 579. Filleted hand. Kleiner/Noe 26 119. 3.04 Rauch 47 (1991) 158. Bee and serpent on cista. Kleiner/Noe 28 c. 140–137 BC 120. 12.71 Aufhäuser 7 (1990) 158. Double cornucopiae and KA (21 = 139/8 BC). Kleiner/Noe 34a 121. 12.64 CNG 18 (1991) 152. Ephesian Artemis and B (2 = 138/7 BC). Kleiner/Noe 36

134/3–68/7 BC 122. 12.64 MZ 73 (1992) 110. Bee. A (1 = 134/3 BC). Kleiner 1 123. 12.66 Hirsch 174 (1992) 268. Γ (3 = 132/1 BC). Kleiner 4 124. 12.50 Müller 68 (1991) 79. Γ (3 = 132/1 BC). Kleiner 4 125. 12.52 Rauch 44 (1990) 191. Γ (3 = 132/1 BC). Kleiner 4 126. 12.67 KM 72 (1991) 580. E (5 = 130/29 BC). Kleiner 7 127. 12.64 KM 72 (1991) 581. Stag. C (6 = 129/28 BC). Kleiner 10 128. 12.60 Hirsch 176 (1992) 275. ΛC (36 = 99/98 BC). Kleiner 40 129. 12.50 Müller 69 (1992) 52. Serpent staff. ME (45 = 90–89 BC). Kleiner 46 130. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 532. Hermes with wreath. NA (51 = 84/83 BC). Kleiner 52 131. 12.62 Küncker 24 (1993) 83. Bow in case. NΓ (53 = 82/1 BC). Kleiner 54 132. 12.65 Lanz 60 (1992) 202. Bow in case. NΓ (53 = 82/1 BC). Kleiner 54 133. 12.40 Rauch 50 (1993) 158; FPL Aug. 1994, 71. Artemis. NE (55 = 80/79 BC). Kleiner 56 134. 12.08 Rauch 47 (1991) 156; 49 (1992) 193. Crater. ΞΔ (64 = 71/70 BC). Kleiner 62 135. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 530. Corn ear in cornucopiae. ΞΕ (65 = 70/69 BC). Kleiner 64 136. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 531. Corn ear in cornucopiae. 137. 12.34 Hirsch 174 (1992) 269. Corn ear in cornucopiae. ΞΕ (65 = 70/69 BC). Kleiner 64 138. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 528. Palm in cornucopiae. ΞC (66 = 69/8 BC). Kleiner 66 139. 12.29 Lanz 60 (1992) 203. Palm in cornucopiae. ΞC (66 = 69/8 BC). Kleiner 66 140. 12.40 Hirsch 174 (1992) 269. Palm in cornucopiae. ΞC (66 = 69/8 BC). Kleiner 66 141. 12.28 Rauch 47 (1991) 157. Palm in cornucopiae. ΞC (66 = 69/8 BC). Kleiner 66 142. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 527. Corn ear in cornucopiae. ΞC (66 = 69/8 BC). Kleiner 68 143. 12.43 Rauch 47 (1991) 158. Corn ear in cornucopiae. ΞC (66 = 69/8 BC). Kleiner 68 144. 12.39 Hirsch 172 (1991) 253. Corn ear in cornucopiae. ΞC (66 = 69/8 BC). Kleiner 68 145. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 526. Poppy in cornucopiae. ΞC (66 = 69/8 BC). Kleiner 69 146. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 529. Poppy in cornucopiae. ΞC (66 = 69/8 BC). Kleiner 69 Four Cistophoric Hoards? 301

147. 12.41 Rauch 46 (1991) 222. Poppy in cornucopiae. ΞC (66 = 69/8 BC). Kleiner 69 148. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 522. Quiver in cornucopiae. ΞΖ (67 = 68/7 BC). Kleiner 71 149. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 524. Corn ear in cornucopiae. ΞΖ (67 = 68/7 BC). Kleiner 72 150. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 525. Poppy in cornucopiae. ΞΖ (67 = 68/7 BC). Kleiner 73 151. 12.42 Hirsch 174 (1992) 271. Poppy in cornucopiae. ΞΖ (67 = 68/7 BC). Kleiner 73 152. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 523. Palm in cornucopiae. ΞΖ (67 = 68/7 BC). Kleiner 74 Nysa30 153. 12.66 GM 58 (1992) 416. Dionysus. MO and IB (12 = 74/3 BC). Regling, p. 73, no. 4. Metcalf 20 154. 11.86 Hirsch 170 (1991) 575. Dionysus. MO and IB (12 = 74/3 BC). Regling, p. 73, no. 4. Metcalf 20 155. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 533. Dionysus. MO and ΙΓ (13 = 73/2 BC). Regling, p. 73, no. 5 156. 12.58 Aufhäuser 7 (1990) 212. Dionysus. MO and ΙΓ (13 = 73/2 BC). Regling, p. 73, no. 5. Metcalf 24 157. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 534. Kore. AN ΝΕΩΤΕΡΟΣ and KΓ (23 = 63/2 BC). Regling, p. 73, no. 7 158. 12.43 KM 55 (1992) 228. Kore. AN ΝΕΩΤΕΡΟΣ and KΓ (23 = 63/2 BC). Regling, p. 73, no. 7 159. 12.26 KM 55 (1992) 229. Kore. AN ΝΕΩΤΕΡΟΣ and KΓ (23 = 63/2 BC). Regling, p. 73, no. 7 160. 12.57 GM 58 (1992) 417. Kore. AN ΝΕΩΤΕΡΟΣ and KΓ (23 = 63/2 BC). Regling, p. 73, no. 7 161. 12.48 GM 56 (1991) 277. Kore. AN ΝΕΩΤΕΡΟΣ and KΓ (23 = 63/2 BC). Regling, p. 73, no. 7 162. 12.53 Aufhäuser 7 (1990) 213. Kore. AN ΝΕΩΤΕΡΟΣ and KΓ (23 = 63/2 BC). Regling, p. 73, no. 7. Metcalf 45 163. 12.90 Müller 71.1 (1992) 253. Kore. AN ΝΕΩΤΕΡΟΣ and KΓ (23 = 63/2 BC). Regling, p. 73, no. 7 164. 12.47 Rauch 46 (1991) 243. Kore. AN ΝΕΩΤΕΡΟΣ and KΓ (23 = 63/2 BC). Regling, p. 73, no. 7 165. 12.47 Hirsch 171 (1991) 351. Kore. AN ΝΕΩΤΕΡΟΣ and KΓ (23 = 63/2 BC). Regling, p. 73, no. 7 166. 11.84 Hirsch 170 (1991) 574. Kore. AN ΝΕΩΤΕΡΟΣ and KΓ (23 = 63/2 BC). Regling, p. 73, no. 7 167. 12.57 Rauch 47 (1991) 171. [Kore]. AN ΝΕΩΤΕΡΟΣ and K[–] 168. 12.91 Rauch 49 (1992) 206. [Kore]. AN ΝΕΩΤΕΡΟΣ and [–]? Wrong coin illustrated. 169. 12.61 GM 58 (1992) 418. Palm branch. ΦΟΙΝΙΞ and ΚΔ (24 = 62/1 BC). Regling, p. 73, no. 8 170. 12.28 GM 52 (1990) 324. Palm branch. ΦΟΙΝΙΞ and ΚΔ (24 = 62/1 BC). Regling, p. 73, no. 8. Metcalf 55 171. 12.60 Hirsch 171 (1991) 352. Palm branch. ΦΟΙΝΙΞ and ΚΔ (24 = 62/1 BC). Regling, p. 73, no. 8. Metcalf 50 172. 11.94 Hirsch 170 (1991) 576. Palm branch. ΦΟΙΝΙΞ and ΚΔ (24 = 62/1 BC). Regling, p. 73, no. 8.

30. For the probable era of the city see Leschhorn 1993: 212–3; Metcalf (below): 311–320. 302 Andrew R. Meadows

Sardis c. 135–128 BC 173. 12.40 Müller 69 (1992) 63. P and standing Zeus. Kleiner/Noe 17a Tralles c. 166–160 BC 174. 12.50 MZ 73 (1992) 159. Maeander. Kleiner/Noe 5 c. 160–155 BC 175. 12.68 MZ 71 (1991) 347. Corn-ear. Kleiner/Noe 12 c. 155–145 ΒC 176. 12.33 MZ 71 (1991) 348; 72 (1992) 655. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 536. Cornucopia. Kleiner/Noe 13 177. 12.50 Lanz 62 (1992) 365. Round shield. Kleiner/Noe 19 178. 12.40 MZ 71 (1991) 344; 72 (1992) 656. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 535. Poppy. Kleiner/Noe 21 179. 12.54 GM 58 (1992) 420. Nike. Kleiner/Noe 24 c. 140–135 BC 180. 12.35 KM 56 (1992) 112. Fulmen, Eagle and Z. Kleiner/Noe 40 181. 12.50 Müller 64 (1990) 81. Fulmen, Eagle and Z. Kleiner/Noe 40

Post-133 BC 182. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 537. ΠΡΥΤ and cornucopia. BMC 29 183. 11.76 Hirsch 170 (1991) 577. ΠΡΥΤ and cornucopia. BMC 29 184. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 538. TIME and statue of Artemis. BMC 31 185. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 539. TIME and statue of Artemis. BMC 31 186. 12.16 KM 55 (1992) 230. TIME and statue of Artemis. BMC 31 187. 12.26 Hirsch 176 (1992) 311. TIME and statue of Artemis. BMC 31 188. 12.31 GM 58 (1992) 421. TIME and statue of Artemis. BMC 31 189. 12.53 Rauch 46 (1991) 244; 47 (1991) 172. TIME and statue of Artemis. BMC 31 190. 12.53 Rauch 47 (1991) 173; 49 (1992) 207. TIME and statue of Artemis. BMC 31 191. 11.69 Hirsch 170 (1991) 578. TIME and statue of Artemis. BMC 31 192. 12.58 Lanz 60 (1992) 226. ΔΙΟΝ and Herm. BMC 35 193. 12.42 Hirsch 168 (1990) 299. ΔΙΟΝ and Herm. BMC 35 194. 12.46 Hirsch 172 (1991) 284. ΔΙΟΝ and Herm. BMC 35 195. KM 55 (1992) 231. ΠΤΟΛ and Dionysus. BMC 44 196. 12.40 GM 58 (1992) 424. ΠΤΟΛ and Dionysus. BMC 44 197. 12.75 GM 56 (1991) 278. ΠΤΟΛ and Dionysus. BMC 44 198. 12.91 MZ 71 (1991) 349. ΠΤΟΛ and Dionysus. BMC 44 199. 11.88 Hirsch 170 (1991) 579. ΠΤΟΛ and Dionysus. BMC 44 Four Cistophoric Hoards? 303

200. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 540. ΠΤΟΛ + B and statue of Athena. BMC 45

Didrachms and drachms

201. 6.01 GM 58 (1992) 422.31 ΠP-ΥT and cornucopia. BMC 30 202. 5.92 MZ 71 (1991) 345. ΑΠ-ΟΛ and uncertain symbol. Pinder 16932 203. 6.25 Aufhäuser 7 (1990) 217. ΔΗ-ΜΗ and eagle on thunderbolt. SNG von Aulock 3268 204. 6.32 Rauch 46 (1991) 245. TI-ME and statue of Artemis. 205 Hirsch 171 (1991) 355. ΠΤΟΛ + Δ and Dionysus. 206. 2.90 GM 58 (1992) 423. TI-ME and statue of Artemis. BMC 33 207. 2.91 MZ 71 (1991) 346. [name off flan] and snake on altar. Apameia c. 88–77/6 BC 208. 1.66 Hirsch 170 (1991) 596. ΓΥΟΥ. Kleiner 5 209. 12.21 Hirsch 175 (1992) 439. ΚΕΛΑΙ. Kleiner 8 c. 77/6–60 BC 210. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 541. ΔΙΟΔΩΡΟΥ. Kleiner 18 211. 11.63 Hirsch 170 (1991) 593. ΔΙΟΔΩΡΟΥ. Kleiner 18 212. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 542. ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΙΟΥ. Kleiner 16 213. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 544. ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΙΟΥ. Kleiner 16 214. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 545. ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΙΟΥ. Kleiner 16 215. 12.47 GM 58 (1992) 426. ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΙΟΥ. Kleiner 16 216. 12.20 Müller 72.1 (1992) 110. ΑΤΤΑΛΟΥ ΤΙΜΩ. Kleiner 17 217. 12.51 MZ 73 (1992) 172. ΜΑΝΤΙ ΔΙΟΔΟ. Κleiner 19 218. 12.20 Müller 68 (1991) 107. ΜΥΤΑ. Kleiner 21 219. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 543. ΣΩΚΡΑΤΟΥ. Kleiner 22 220. 12.32 GM 58 (1992) 425. ΣΩΚΡΑΤΟΥ. Kleiner 22 221. 12.40 Müller 69 (1992) 64. ΣΩΚΡΑΤΟΥ. Kleiner 22 Laodiceia c. 150–145 BC 222. 12.50 Lanz 60 (1992) 230. Head of Aphrodite(?). Kleiner/Noe 7

Post-133 BC 223. 12.61 GM 58 (1992) 428. ΖΕΥΞΙΣ ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΙΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΑΜΥΝΤΟΥ. BMC 4 224. 12.50 Müller 71.1 (1992) 264. ΖΕΥΞΙΣ ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΙΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΑΜΥΝΤΟΥ. BMC 4 225. 12.60 Müller 71.1 (1992) 265. ΖΕΥΞΙΣ ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΙΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΑΜΥΝΤΟΥ. BMC 4

31. The images for this and lot 423 are transposed in the sale catalogue. 32. Cf. Pinder 1856: no. 149 ΑΠΟΛ + snake (cistophorus) and Waddington 6993 ΑΠΟΛ + hand (drachm). 304 Andrew R. Meadows

226. 12.46 Rauch 49 (1992) 208. ΖΕΥΞΙΣ ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΙΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΑΜΥΝΤΟΥ. BMC 4 227. 12.67 Rauch 47 (1991) 176. ΖΕΥΞΙΣ ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΙΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΑΜΥΝΤΟΥ. BMC 4 228. 12.46 Hirsch 171 (1991) 369. ΖΕΥΞΙΣ ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΙΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΑΜΥΝΤΟΥ. BMC 4 229. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 546. ΑΦΟΒΗΤΟΣ ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΥ. 5 230. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 547. ΑΦΟΒΗΤΟΣ ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΥ. 5 231. 12.49 GM 58 (1992) 430. ΑΦΟΒΗΤΟΣ ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΥ. 5 232. 12.53 GM 56 (1991) 279. ΑΦΟΒΗΤΟΣ ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΥ. 5 233. 12.44 Rauch 47 (1991) 175. ΑΦΟΒΗΤΟΣ ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΥ. 5 234. 12.25 Hirsch 171 (1991) 371. ΑΦΟΒΗΤΟΣ ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΥ. 5 235. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 548. ΟΛΥΜΠΙΟΔΩΡΟΣ ΕΡΜΟΓΕΝΟΥ. BMC 6 236. 12.49 Hirsch 176 (1992) 328. ΟΛΥΜΠΙΟΔΩΡΟΣ ΕΡΜΟΓΕΝΟΥ. BMC 6 237. 12.13 GM 58 (1992) 431. ΟΛΥΜΠΙΟΔΩΡΟΣ ΕΡΜΟΓΕΝΟΥ. BMC 6 238. 12.33 GM 56 (1991) 280. ΟΛΥΜΠΙΟΔΩΡΟΣ ΕΡΜΟΓΕΝΟΥ. BMC 6 239. 12.16 Hirsch 171 (1991) 372. ΟΛΥΜΠΙΟΔΩΡΟΣ ΕΡΜΟΓΕΝΟΥ. BMC 6 240. 11.75 Hirsch 170 (1991) 601. OΛΥΜΠΙΟΔΩΡΟΣ ΕΡΜΟΓΕΝΟΥ. BMC 6 241. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 549. ΙΠΠΟΧΑΙΤΗΣ ΔΕΙΝΟΜΑΧΟΥ. BMC 7 242. 12.06 KM 55 (1992) 234. ΙΠΠΟΧΑΙΤΗΣ ΔΕΙΝΟΜΑΧΟΥ. BMC 7 243. 12.10 Hirsch 176 (1992) 329. ΙΠΠΟΧΑΙΤΗΣ ΔΕΙΝΟΜΑΧΟΥ. BMC 7 244. 11.83 GM 58 (1992) 432. ΙΠΠΟΧΑΙΤΗΣ ΔΕΙΝΟΜΑΧΟΥ. BMC 7 245. 11.55 GM 56 (1991) 281. ΙΠΠΟΧΑΙΤΗΣ ΔΕΙΝΟΜΑΧΟΥ. BMC 7 246. 11.80 Müller 65 (1990) 132. ΙΠΠΟΧΑΙΤΗΣ ΔΕΙΝΟΜΑΧΟΥ. BMC 7 247. 11.96 Rauch 43 (1991) 410. ΙΠΠΟΧΑΙΤΗΣ ΔΕΙΝΟΜΑΧΟΥ. BMC 7 248. 12.50 Rauch 46 (1991) 249. ΙΠΠΟΧΑΙΤΗΣ ΔΕΙΝΟΜΑΧΟΥ. BMC 7 249. 12.60 Rauch 47 (1991) 174. ΙΠΠΟΧΑΙΤΗΣ ΔΕΙΝΟΜΑΧΟΥ. BMC 7 250. 12.54 Hirsch 171 (1991) 373. ΙΠΠΟΧΑΙΤΗΣ ΔΕΙΝΟΜΑΧΟΥ. BMC 7 251. 11.76 Hirsch 170 (1991) 602. ΙΠΠΟΧΑΙΤΗΣ ΔΕΙΝΟΜΑΧΟΥ. BMC 7 252. 12.55 Kricheldorf 43 (1992) 145. Q. BMC 13 253. 12.53 CNG 18 (1991) 171. Q. BMC 13 254. MZ FPL 41 (1992) 550. ΕΡΜΟΓΕΝΗΣ ΟΛΥΜΠΙΟΔΩΡΟΥ. Waddington 7020 255. 12.40 GM 58 (1992) 429. ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΙΟΣ ΕΥΑΡΧΟΥ. SNG Cop 490. 256. 12.40 Hirsch 171 (1991) 370. ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΙΟΣ ΕΥΑΡΧΟΥ. SNG Cop 490. 257. 12.37 Rauch 47 (1991) 177. ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΙΟΣ ΠΥΡΩΝΟΣ.33 Uncertain Mint34

258. 12.36 Hirsch 176 (1992) 313. Thyrsus. a. and Q.

33. This magistrate seems not to be recorded in the major references. One other specimen is known to me: CNG electronic 193 (2008) 106 (11.46g, 12h). Both coins are struck from the same obverse die. 34. For the most recent discussion of these issues, and the evidence for a common, though uncertain mint for the issues with torch and thyrsus controls see Metcalf 2009. The presence of this coin in the hoard, if indeed it was present, would suggest that the date for the issue must be raised to the 60s BC. Conceivably it belongs in the gap between the end of the “civic” cistophori and the beginning of the proconsular issues. Four Cistophoric Hoards? 305

B. CH 8.526

Pergamum c. 85–76 BC 1. 12.57 ΑΣ L. Kleiner 29 2. 12.51 ΔΗ L. Kleiner 31 3. 12.54 ΔΗ L. Kleiner 31 4. 12.57 ΔΗ L. Kleiner 31 5. 12.43 IE L. Kleiner 34 6. 12.44 IE L. Kleiner 34 7. 12.48 IE L. Kleiner 34 8. 12.53 IE L. Kleiner 34 9. 12.48 IE L. Kleiner 34 10. 12.35 IE L. Kleiner 34 11. 12.53 IE L. Kleiner 34 12. 12.56 KT L. Kleiner 38 13. 12.55 KT L. Kleiner 38 14. 12.48 KT L. Kleiner 38 15. 12.41 KT L. Kleiner 38 16. 12.39 KT L. Kleiner 38 17. 12.45 MH L. Kleiner 41 18. 12.36 MH L. Kleiner 41 c. 76 BC 19. 12.50 ΑΠ L. Kleiner 24 20. 12.49 ΑΠ L in wreath. Kleiner 25 21. 11.99 ΑΠ L star. Kleiner 26 22. 12.45 ΑΠ L star. Kleiner 26 23. 12.49 ΑΠ L star. Kleiner 26 24. 12.35 ΑΠ L star. Kleiner 26 25. 12.61 ΑΠ L star. Kleiner 26 26. 12.33 ΑΠ L star. Kleiner 26 27. 12.36 ΑΠ L star. Kleiner 26 28. 12.29 ΑΠ L star. Kleiner 26 29. 12.45 KA L. Kleiner 35 c. 76–67 BC 30. 12.41 ΜΗ Ν L Ο. Kleiner 42 31. 12.24 ME L A. Kleiner 40 32. 12.30 MO L. Kleiner 43 33. 12.59 MOΣ L. Kleiner 44 306 Andrew R. Meadows

34. 12.46 MOΣ L. Kleiner 44 35. 12.26 MOΣ L. Kleiner 44 36. 12.45 MOΣ L in wreath. Kleiner 45 37. 12.30 ΤΗ L. Kleiner 49 38. 12.29 ΤΗ L. Kleiner 49 39. 12.40 ΤΗ L. Kleiner 49 40. 12.07 ΤΗ L. Kleiner 49 41. 12.54 ΤΗ L. Kleiner 49 42. 12.32 ΤΗ L. Kleiner 49 43. 12.48 ΤΗ L. Kleiner 49 44. 12.48 ΤΗ L. Kleiner 49 45. 12.40 ΤΗ L. Kleiner 49 46. 11.87 ΤΗ L. Kleiner 49 47. 12.34 ΤΗ L. Kleiner 49 48. 12.04 ΦΙ L. Kleiner 50 49. 12.19 ΦΙ L. Kleiner 50 50. 12.50 ΦΙ L. Kleiner 50 51. 12.28 ΦΙ L. Kleiner 50 52. 12.34 ΠΑ L. Kleiner 46 53. 12.18 ΠΑ L. Kleiner 46 54. 12.22 ΠΑ L. Kleiner 46 55. 12.32 ΠΑ L. Kleiner 46 Ephesus 56. 12.44 Serpent staff. ME (45 = 90/89 BC). Kleiner 46 57. 12.43 Covered crater. ΞΔ (64 = 71/70 BC). Kleiner 62 58. 1248 Corn ear in cornucopiae. ΞΕ (65 = 70/69 BC). Kleiner 64 59. 12.30 Poppy in cornucopiae. ΞΕ (65 = 70/69 BC). Kleiner 65 60. 12.39 Poppy in cornucopiae. ΞΕ (65 = 70/69 BC). Kleiner 65 61. 12.42 Palm in cornucopiae. ΞC (66 = 69/8 BC). Kleiner 66 62. 12.13 Corn ear in cornucopiae. ΞC (66 = 69/8 BC). Kleiner 68 63. 12.46 Corn ear in cornucopiae. ΞC (66 = 69/8 BC). Kleiner 68 64. 12.33 Corn ear in cornucopiae. ΞC (66 = 69/8 BC). Kleiner 68 65. 12.36 Corn ear in cornucopiae. ΞC (66 = 69/8 BC). Kleiner 68 66. 12.44 Poppy in cornucopiae. ΞC (66 = 69/8 BC). Kleiner 69 67. 12.44 Poppy in cornucopiae. ΞC (66 = 69/8 BC). Kleiner 69 68. 12.26 Corn ear in cornucopiae. ΞΖ (67 = 68/7 BC). Kleiner 72 69. 12.59 Corn ear in cornucopiae. [Ξ]Ζ (67 = 68/7 BC). Kleiner 72 70. 12.46 Corn ear in cornucopiae. ΞΖ (67 = 68/7 BC). Kleiner 72 71. 12.47 Corn ear in cornucopiae. ΞΖ (67 = 68/7 BC). Kleiner 72 72. 12.44 Poppy in cornucopiae. ΞΖ (67 = 68/7 BC). Kleiner 73 73. 12.26 Palm in cornucopiae. ΞΖ (67 = 68/7 BC). Kleiner 74 Four Cistophoric Hoards? 307

Apameia c. 77/6–60 BC 74. 11.87 ΔΙΟΔΩΡΟΥ. Kleiner 18 75. 12.66 ΑΤΤΑΛΟΥ ΤΙΜΩ. Kleiner 17 76. 12.18 ΜΥΤΑ. Kleiner 21 Laodiceia

Post 133 BC 77. 12.36 ΖΕΥΞΙΣ ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΙΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΑΜΥΝΤΟΥ. BMC 4 78. 12.54 ΑΦΟΒΗΤΟΣ ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΥ. BMC 5 79. 12.65 ΑΦΟΒΗΤΟΣ ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΥ. BMC 5 80. 12.42 ΟΛΥΜΠΙΟΔΩΡΟΣ ΕΡΜΟΓΕΝΟΥ. BMC 6 81. 12.46 ΟΛΥΜΠΙΟΔΩΡΟΣ ΕΡΜΟΓΕΝΟΥ. BMC 6 82. 11.87 ΟΛΥΜΠΙΟΔΩΡΟΣ ΕΡΜΟΓΕΝΟΥ. BMC 6 83. 12.40 ΙΠΠΟΧΑΙΤΗΣ ΔΕΙΝΟΜΑΧΟΥ. BMC 7 84. 12.36 ΤΙΜΗΣΙΛΕΟΥ and caduceus. Waddington 7023 Nysa 85. 12.51 Kore. AN ΝΕΩΤΕΡΟΣ and KΓ (23 = 63/2 BC). Regling, p. 73, no. 7 86. 12.48 Kore. AN ΝΕΩΤΕΡΟΣ and KΓ (23 = 63/2 BC). Regling, p. 73, no. 7 Tralles

Post-133 BC 87. 12.42 TIME and statue of Artemis. BMC 31 88. 12.36 TIME and statue of Artemis. BMC 31 89. 12.40 TIME and statue of Artemis. BMC 31 90. 12.32 TIME and statue of Artemis. BMC 31 91. 12.29 TIME and statue of Artemis. BMC 31 92. 12.21 TIME and statue of Artemis. BMC 31 93. 12.25 ΠΡΥΤ and cornucopia. SNG Cop. 660 94. 12.59 ΠΡΥΤ and cornucopia. SNG Cop. 660 Proconsular issue

T. Ampius Balbus (58/7 BC)

Tralles 95. 12.81 ΜΕΝΑΝΔΡΟΣ ΙΕΡΕΥΣ ΔΙΟΝΥΣΙΟΣ. Stumpf 20 308 Andrew R. Meadows

C. CH 8.539a

T. Ampius Balbus (58/7 BC)

Ephesus

Year OC (76 = 59/8 BC) 1. 12.66 Aufhäuser 7 (1990) 313. ΤΙΜΟΣΤΡΑΤΟΣ ΠΟΛΕΜΑΡΧΟΣ. Stumpf 7

Year OZ (77=58/7 BC) 2. 12.67 Aufhäuser 8 (1991) 296. ΕΡΜΙΑΣ ΚΑΙΥΣΤΡΙΟΣ. Stumpf 11 3. 12.62 Aufhäuser 7 (1990) 314. ΔΙΟΝΥΣΙΟΣ ΠΑΥΣΑΝΙΑΣ. Stumpf 20A 4. 12.62 Aufhäuser 8 (1991) 297. ΔΙΟΝΥΣΙΟΣ ΠΑΥΣΑΝΙΑΣ. Stumpf 20A 5. 12.52 Sternberg 25 (1991) 151. ΔΙΟΝΥΣΙΟΣ ΠΑΥΣΑΝΙΑΣ. Stumpf 20A 6. 12.62 Aufhäuser 7 (1990) 315. ΜΕΝΑΝΔΡΟΣ ΙΕΡΕΥΣ ΔΙΟΝΥΣΙΟΣ. Stumpf 20 7. 12.64 Aufhäuser 8 (1991) 298. ΜΕΝΑΝΔΡΟΣ ΙΕΡΕΥΣ ΔΙΟΝΥΣΙΟΣ. Stumpf 20 8. 12.70 Aufhäuser 7 (1990) 316. ΠΥΘΑΓΟΡΑΣ ΠΡΥΤΑΝΙΣ. Stumpf 19 9. 12.69 Aufhäuser 8 (1991) 300. ΠΥΘΑΓΟΡΑΣ ΠΡΥΤΑΝΙΣ. Stumpf 19 10. 12.57 Sternberg 25 (1991) 152. Müller 71.1 (1992) 259. ΠΥΘΑΓΟΡΑΣ ΠΡΥΤΑΝΙΣ. Stumpf 19 11. 12.63 Aufhäuser 7 (1990) 317. ΥΒΡΙΣΤΟΣ ΠΡΥΤΑΝΙΣ. Stumpf 20C 12. 12.55 Sternberg 25 (1991) 153. ΥΒΡΙΣΤΟΣ ΠΡΥΤΑΝΙΣ. Stumpf 20C Laodiceia 13. 12.11 Aufhäuser 7 (1990) 318. ΙΠΠΟΝΙΚΟΣ ΑΡΤΕΜΙΔΩΡΟΣ ΜΕΝΑΝΔΡΟΣ. Stumpf 12

D. CH 8.539b

C. Fabius (57 BC)

Ephesus 1. 12.71 Aufhäuser 8 (1991) 302. ΔΙΟΔΩΡΟΣ. Stumpf 23 Tralles 2. 12.46 Aufhäuser 8 (1991) 303. ΣΤΕΦΑΝΗΦΟΡΟΣ. Stumpf 33

C. Claudius Pulcher (55–53 BC)

Pergamum 3. 12.38 Aufhäuser 8 (1991) 305. ΜΗΝΟΔΩΡΟΣ. Stumpf 53

C. Fannius (49/8 BC)

Ephesus 4. 11.87 Aufhäuser 8 (1991) 310. ΑΡΑΤΟΣ. Stumpf 58 Four Cistophoric Hoards? 309

Tralles 5. 12.41 Aufhäuser 8 (1991) 308. Apameia 6. 12.20 Aufhäuser 8 (1991) 309. ΜΑΝΤΙΘEOΣ MANTIΘEΟΥ. Stumpf 57 7. 12.29 Aufhäuser 9 (1992) 256. ΜΑΝΤΙΘEOΣ MANTIΘEΟΥ. Stumpf 57

P. Lentulus Spinther (57/6–54 BC)

Laodiceia 8. 11.09 Aufhäuser 8 (1991) 304. ΑΡΤΕΜΙΔΩΡΟΣ ΔΑΜΟΚΡΑΤΟΥ. Stumpf 77

Conclusion

We may summarize the suggestions made in this survey as follows: 1. Smyrna, 1865 (IGCH 1340) This hoard was buried around the middle of the first century BC, not in the second century BC as suggested in IGCH. If it did not contain proconsular cistophori, then it was perhaps deposited shortly after the Karacabey/Mihaliç hoard (IGCH 1358). 2. Afyon, before 1876 (IGCH 1415) A similar date in the 70s or 60s BC seems likely for this hoard, which must also postdate the Karaca- bey/Mihaliç hoard. Again, the date suggested in IGCH is significantly too early. 3. Unknown find spot, c. 1986 (CH 8.537) This hoard, which apparently first appeared in commerce in Germany, Austria and Switzerland in 1986 was first noted by de Callataÿ and the editors of CH 8. A collection of material from the auction houses of Aufhäuser, Emporium, Giessener Munzhandlung, Hirsch, Kricheldorf, Numismatik Lanz, Müller, Munz Zentrum, Oldenburg, Rauch, Schulten and Sternberg yields at least 214 coins that may belong to this hoard. If the proconsular cistophori that appeared in commerce in somewhat worn conditions are to be attributed to this hoard, then a date of deposit in the 40s BC seems plausible. It is possible, indeed highly likely, that further coins from this hoard continued to percolate onto the market in subsequent years. Possible candidates are further proconsular cistophori in similar condition and covering a similar span (section 4D above). But it is also possible that some of the coins listed above under section 4A (CH 8.447=525) derive, in fact, from this hoard. 4. Unknown find spot, c. 1990 (CH 8.447, 8.525, 8.539 and CH 8.526) Three groups of coins seen in commerce in London, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and the United States from c. 1990 seem to constitute parts of a fourth hoard. Although it is possible that these groups form further portions of the hoard that began to appear four years earlier (above 3), a broad difference in composition between those coins appearing before 1990, and those appearing after suggests that we may well be looking at two hoards. This difference appears to be further confirmed by a likely 310 Andrew R. Meadows difference in deposit date. Only issues of T. Ampius in mint state can be confidently attributed to this hoard, suggesting burial in or around 58/7 BC.

References

Backendorff, D. 1995. Ephesos als spättrepublikanischer Prägeort, in H. Friesinger and F. Krinzinger (eds.), 100 Jahre Österreichsiche Forschungen in Ephesos. Akten des Symposions Wien. Vienna: Ver- lag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften: 195–201. de Callataÿ, F. 1997. Histoire des guerres mithridatiques vue par les monnaies. Louvain-la-Neuve. Kinns, P. 1987. Asia Minor, in A. Burnett and M. Crawford (eds.), The coinage of the Roman world in the late Republic: proceedings of a colloquium held at the British Museum in September 1985. BAR International Series 326. Oxford, pp. 105–119. Kleiner, F.S. 1972. The dated cistophori of Ephesus, ANSMN 18, pp. 17–32. ———. 1974. The Giresun hoard, ANSMN 19, pp. 3–25 ———. 1978. Hoard evidence and the late Cistophori of Pergamum, ANSMN 23, pp. 77–105. ———. 1979. The late cistophori of Apameia, in M. Thompson, O. Mørkholm, and N. Waggoner, (eds.), Greek Numismatics and Archaeology: Essays in honor of Margaret Thompson. Wetteren, pp. 119–130. ———., and S. P. Noe. 1977. The Early Cistophoric Coinage, ANS Numismatic Studies 14. New York. Leschhorn, W. 1993. Antike Ären: Zeitrechnung, Politik und Geschichte im Schwarzmeerraum und in Kleinasien nördlich des Tauros. Historia Einzelschriften 81. Stuttgart. Metcalf, W. E. 2009. A note on the later Republican cistophori, SNR 88, pp. 205–207. ———. 2015. The Cistophori of Nysa, this volume. Meyer, L. 1868. Der Fund von Smyrna-Münzen im Jahre 1865, WNM, pp. 289–293. ———. 1876. Unedirte antike Münzen, ZfN 3, pp. 145–149. Milne, J. G. 1914. The silver coinage of Smyrna, NC4 14, pp. 273–298. ———. 1927. The autonomous coinage of Smyrna II’, NC5 7, pp. 1–107. ———. 1928. The autonomous coinage of Smyrna III’, NC5 8, pp. 131–171. Noe, S. P. 1937. A Bibliography of Greek Coin Hoards. New York: The American Numismatic Society. Regling, K. 1913. Nysa ad Maeandrum. Jahrbuch des Kaiserlichen Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Ergänzungsheft 10, pp. 70–102. Robinson, E. S. G. 1954. Cistophori in the Name of King Eumenes, NC6 14, pp. 1–8. Stumpf, G. R. 1991. Numismatische Studien zur Chronologie der römischen Statthalter in Kleinasien (122 v. Chr.-163 n. Chr.). Saarbrucken: Saarbrucker Druckerei und Verlag.