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Coll Oquium an Atolicum Colloquium Anatolicum 2017 2017 16 • Sayı 16 • atolicum An oquium Coll U M T T U R U C I T I T C S U M ISSN 1303-8486 N I 15 INSTITUTUM TURCICUM SCIENTIAE ANTIQUITATIS S S C I I E T TÜRK ESKİÇAĞ BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ N A T I T 9 771303 848002 I A U E A N T I Q U M T T U R U C I T I T C S U M N I S S C I I E T N A T I T I A U E A N T I Q INSTITUTUM TURCICUM SCIENTIAE ANTIQUITATIS TÜRK ESKİÇAĞ BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ Colloquium Anatolicum 16 l 2017 l U M T U M T T U R T U R U C U C I T I I T I T C T C S U S U M M N N I I S S S S C C I I I I E T E T N A N A T I T T I T I A U I A U E A N T I Q E A N T I Q INSTITUTUM TURCICUM SCIENTIAE ANTIQUITATIS INSTITUTUM TURCICUM SCIENTIAE ANTIQUITATIS TÜRK ESKİÇAĞ BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ TÜRK ESKİÇAĞ BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ COLLOQUIUM ANATOLICUM 16 ISSN 1303-8486 COLLOQUIUM ANATOLICUM dergisi, TÜBİTAK-ULAKBİM Bilim Kurulu / Consilium Scientiae Sosyal Bilimler Veri Tabanında taranmaktadır. Adolf Hoffmann (Berlin) Jak Yakar (Tel Aviv) COLLOQUIUM ANATOLICUM dergisi uluslararası hakemli bir dergidir, Alexandru Avram (Le Mans) Joachim Marzahn (Berlin) yılda bir kez yayınlanmaktadır. Ali Dinçol (İstanbul 2009-2011) Kemalettin Köroğlu (İstanbul) © 2017 Türk Eskiçağ Bilimleri Enstitüsü Aliye Öztan (Ankara) Manfred Korfmann (Tübingen 2004-2007) Her hakkı mahfuzdur. Bu yayının hiçbir bölümü kopya edilemez. Andreas Schachner (İstanbul) Mihriban Özbaşaran (İstanbul) Dipnot vermeden alıntı yapılamaz ve izin alınmadan elektronik, mekanik, fotokopi vb. yollarla kopya edilip yayınlanamaz. Belkıs Dinçol (İstanbul) Mustafa Hamdi Sayar (İstanbul) Cahit Günbattı (Ankara) Nur Balkan Atlı (İstanbul) Editörler/Editors Catherine M. Draycott (Liverpool) Oğuz Tekin (İstanbul) Bilge Hürmüzlü Cem Karasu (Ankara) Önder Bilgi (İstanbul) Eser Kortanoğlu Necmi Karul Coşkun Özgünel (Ankara) Önhan Tunca (Liége) Metin Alparslan David Hawkins (London) René Lebrun (Louven da Neuve) Tasarım ve Uygulama Elif Tül Tulunay (İstanbul) Sevil Gülçur (İstanbul) Bahadır Erşık Felix Pirson (İstanbul) Stefano De Martino (Trieste) Baskı/Printing Gocha R. Tsetskhladze (Oxford) Theo van den Hout (Chicago) Oksijen Basım ve Matbaacılık San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. Güven Arsebük (İstanbul) Turan Efe (İstanbul) 100. Yıl Mah. Matbaacılar Sit. 2. Cad. No:202/A Bağcılar-İstanbul Tel: +90 (212) 325 71 25 Fax: +90 (212) 325 61 99 Haluk Abbasoğlu (İstanbul) Vedat Çelgin (İstanbul) Sertifika No: 29487 İnci Delemen (İstanbul) Wolfgang Radt (Berlin) Yapım ve Dağıtım/Production and Distribution Zero Prodüksiyon Kitap-Yayın-Dağıtım Ltd. Şti. Tel: +90 (212) 244 75 21 Fax: +90 (212) 244 32 09 [email protected] www.zerobooksonline.com İçindekiler Bülent ARIKAN Zsolt SIMON Arkeoloji, Etmen-Temelli Modeller ve Simülasyonlar ................................................. 1 Philologische und geographische Bemerkungen zu den Toponymen der KULULU-Bleistreifen ....................................................................................................163 Semra BALCI – Çiler ALTINBİLEK-ALGÜL Polished Obsidian Objects: Examples of Prestige Items From Kültepe .................15 S. Yücel ŞENYURT – Atakan AKÇAY The Kurul Fortress and the Cult of Kybele as a City Protector .............................179 Elif BAŞTÜRK Türbe Höyük II. Tabaka Geç Tunç Çağ Çanak Çömleği .........................................31 Peter TALLOEN Pisidian-Greek-Roman: Acting out communal identity on the Erkan FİDAN - Michele MASSA - Orlene McILFATRICK - Mevlüt Upper Agora of Sagalassos .............................................................................................199 ÜYÜMEZ - Ahmet İLASLI Afyon Arkeoloji Müzesi’nden Tunç Çağlarına Tarihlenen Bir Grup Metal Eser ..........................................................................................................55 KONFERANS Gürkan ERGİN Francesco D’ANDRIA The Greek Care of the Self in Foucault and the Athenian Democracy .................71 Hades ve Kybele Arasında Hierapolis Ploutonion’unda Yeni Arkeolojik Buluntular ............................................................................................217 Mehmet KAŞKA Gela Ressamı’nın Yeni Bir Lekythosu ............................................................................97 Colloquium Anatolicum Yayın İlkeleri .......................................................................246 Colloquium Anatolicum Directions for Authors .....................................................248 Müge SAVRUM-KORTANOĞLU Kent Uzamında Arkeoloji ..............................................................................................105 Hüseyin KÖKER Sillyon Sikkelerinde Kentin Kuruluş Efsanesi ...........................................................121 Bekir ÖZER – Özlem ŞİMŞEK ÖZER Asarlık Paton Tomb O: Some Observations on Funerary Practices of Lelegian Peninsula in 12th century bc and the Arrival of Newcomers .................................139 Colloquium Anatolicum 2017 / 16 Arkeoloji, Etmen-Temelli Modeller ve Simülasyonlar1 Bülent ARIKAN2 Keywords: Anatolian archaeology, Processual archaeology, modeling, socio-ecological systems The most significant development in social sciences during the last three decades has been the use of mat- hematical equations to express the relationships among data. While such relationships are used to build models and run simulations, it is also possible to test hypotheses statistically. The emergent scientific syntheses have solid scientific foundations and present the opportunity to assess several dynamics toget- her. Archaeology witnesses interdisciplinary research. The use of equations and algorithms, testing the adaptive behavior of human societies under different conditions are only possible through agent-based modeling. Consequently, the cycle of observation-hypothesis-testing can be established in archaeology. Another significant contribution of modeling is the exploration of coupled socio-ecological systems at different spatio-temporal scales. The expansion of this new research method among archaeologists will allow for a more accurate interpretation of data from a wider perspective while enabling a larger seg- ment of society to make use of research results. Anahtar Kelimeler: Anadolu arkeolojisi, süreçsel arkeoloji, modelleme, sosyo-ekolojik sistemler Sosyal bilimlerde son otuz yıldır süregelen değişimlerden en önemlisi, farklı alanlardan araştırmacıla- rın çalışmasıyla çıkan verilerin birlikte değerlendirilmesi, bu verilerin matematiksel denklemlerle ifade edilmesidir. Veriler arasındaki ilişkilerle bir model kurulur ve simülasyonlar hazırlanırken, hipotez- ler istatiksel olarak test edilebilmektedir. Sonuçta ortaya çıkan sentezler bilimsel olarak daha sağlam temellere otururken, birden fazla dinamiği birlikte değerlendirme imkanı da sunmaktadır. Arkeoloji farklı bilimsel alanlardan gelen insanların ortak çalışmalarına sahne olmaktadır. Verilerin sayısallaş- tırılması, ilişkilerin matematiksel denklemler ve algoritmalarla ifade edilmesi ve farklı şartlar altında insan topluluklarının adaptasyona yönelik davranışlarının test edilmesi ancak etmen-temelli modeller ile mümkün olmaktadır. Böylece arkeolojide gözlem-hipotez-test döngüsü kurulmaktadır. Bu modelle- rin daha önemli 1 Hakeme Gönderilme Tar 017 Kabul Tarihi: 11.10.2017 2 Bülent ARIKAN, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Avrasya Yer Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ekoloji ve Evrim Anabilim Dalı, Maslak-Sarıyer, 34469 İSTANBUL; [email protected]. 1 Bülent Arıkan Arkeoloji, Etmen-Temelli Modeller ve Simülasyonlar halinde ifade edilmesiyle matematiksel olarak test edilebilen hipotezler arkeolojide Giriş1 artık standart araştırma yöntemleri haline gelmiştir. Ülkemizde arkeolojik araştırmalar Geniş tanımıyla arkeoloji; geçmiş kültürlerin maddi kalıntılarının bir grup araştırma soru- 20. yüzyılın başından beri Türk ve yabancı bilim insanları tarafından yürütülmektedir. suna cevap aramak üzere, belirli kurallara göre toplandığı ve kuramsal çerçevelere oturtu- Yürütülen kazıların birçoğu uzun süredir devam ediyor ve her anlamda zengin buluntular larak yorumlandığı bir disiplindir. Doğa bilimlerinden ve sosyal bilimlerden kendi amaç- veriyor olmasına rağmen, Anadolu arkeolojisinde modelleme ve simülasyon çalışmalarının ları için uyarlayarak kullandığı birçok yöntem yardımıyla, arkeoloji geçmiş toplulukların hala yaygınlaşmamış olması üstünde durulması gereken büyük bir eksikliktir. hem sosyal ve ekonomik, hem de teknolojik gelişim ve değişimlerine ışık tutmayı amaçlar. Yeni / Süreçsel Arkeoloji‘ye (buradan itibaren SA) bağlı bir arkeolog olarak, arkeolojinin Süreçler, Modeller ve Simülasyonlar bunların dışında kalan ve en az bunlar kadar önemli bir başka işlevinin daha olduğuna inanıyorum. Arkeoloji, bir bölgede yaşayan insan topluluklarının zaman içinde nasıl ev- İnsan toplulukları, doğadaki diğer tüm varlıklar gibi belirli süreçlerden geçer. Bu süreçler rildiğine ya da belirli bir topluluğun zamanda geçirdiği değişimlere odaklanırken, aslında sırasında, direkt veya dolaylı ilişkili oldukları diğer varlıkların da geçirdikleri süreçlere etki bizlere süreçler hakkında da bilgi vermektedir. Bu süreçler, sadece çalışılan topluluğun A ederler (White 1959; Trigger 1989). Buna en çarpıcı örneklerden birisi insan toplulukla- noktasından B noktasına varışında çok önemli roller üstlenmemekte, buna ek olarak kate- rının çevre ile olan ilişkileridir. Çevrelerindeki kaynakları farklı yoğunluklarda kullanan dilen süreçte hangi kararların neden ve nasıl alındığı, bu kararların insan topluluklarının insan topluluklarının faaliyetleri fauna, flora, toprak örtüsü ve jeomorfolojik yüzey süreç- adaptasyonuna
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