Building Materials and Techniqu63 in the Eastern
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This project is funded by the European Union November 2020 Culture in ruins The illegal trade in cultural property Case study: Algeria and Tunisia Julia Stanyard and Rim Dhaouadi Summary This case study forms part of a set of publications on the illegal trade in cultural property across North and West Africa, made up of a research paper and three case studies (on Mali, Nigeria and North Africa). This study is focused on Algeria and Tunisia, which share the same forms of material culture but very different antiquity markets. Attention is given to the development of online markets which have been identified as a key threat to this region’s heritage. Key findings • The large-scale extraction of cultural objects in both countries has its roots in the period of French colonial rule. • During the civil war in Algeria in the 1990s, trafficking in cultural heritage was allegedly linked to insurgent anti-government groups among others. • In Tunisia, the presidential family and the political elite reportedly dominated the country’s trade in archaeological objects and controlled the illegal markets. • The modern-day trade in North African cultural property is an interlinked regional criminal economy in which objects are smuggled between Tunisia and Algeria as well as internationally. • State officials and representatives of cultural institutions are implicated in the Algerian and Tunisian antiquities markets in a range of different capacities, both as passive facilitators and active participants. • There is evidence that some architects and real estate entrepreneurs are connected to CASE STUDY CASE trafficking networks. Introduction The region is a palimpsest of ancient material,7 much of which remains unexplored and unexcavated by Cultural heritage in North Africa has come under fire archaeologists. -
On the Political Sociology of the Imperial Greek City Arjan Zuiderhoek
On the Political Sociology of the Imperial Greek City Arjan Zuiderhoek But above all things, we must remind them that being a pol- itician consists not only in holding office, being ambassador, vociferating in the assembly and ranting round the speakers’ platform proposing laws and motions. Most people think all that is part of being a politician, just as they think of course that those are philosophers who sit in a chair and converse and prepare their lectures over their books. HUS WROTE PLUTARCH in his essay Whether an old man should engage in public affairs.1 It seems an offhand remark, T but all the more interesting for that. For here we have a comment on contemporary Greek civic politics, written prob- ably sometime in the first two decades of the second century, in which the activities of the Greek politicians of the day are described in terms (“vociferating in the assembly,” “ranting around the speaker’s platform”) at least to some extent rem- iniscent of the political world of democratic Athens centuries earlier. It is a description that does not quite seem to fit the common scholarly depiction of the later Hellenistic and Roman Greek cities as strongly oligarchic societies, dominated socially and politically by small coteries of (often interrelated) elite families whose governing institution of choice was the boule, the city council.2 This, then, prompts the question: which of these two contrasting images is nearer the truth? Should we dismiss Plutarch’s remarks as merely another manifestation of 1 Mor. 796C–D (transl. Fowler, modified). 2 See most recently M. -
Montenegro Old and New: History, Politics, Culture, and the People
60 ZuZana Poláčková; Pieter van Duin Montenegro Old and New: History, Politics, Culture, and the People The authors are focusing on how Montenegro today is coming to terms with the task of becoming a modern European nation, which implies recognition not only of democracy, the rule of law, and so forth, but also of a degree of ‘multiculturalism’, that is recognition of the existence of cultural, ethnic, linguistic and religious minorities in a society that is dominated by a Slavic Orthodox majority. In his context they are analyzing the history of the struggle of the Montenegrin people against a host of foreign invaders – after they had ceased to be invaders themselves – and especially their apparently consistent refusal to accept Ottoman sovereignty over their homeland seemed to make them the most remarkable freedom fighters imaginable and led to the creation of a special Montenegrin image in Europe. This im- age of heroic stubbornness and unique martial bravery was even consciously cultivated in Western and Central Europe from the early nineteenth century onwards, as the Greeks, the Serbs, the Montenegrins and other Balkan peoples began to resist the Ottoman Empire in a more effective way and the force of Romantic nationalism began to influence the whole of Europe, from German historians to British politi- cians, and also including Montenegrin and Serbian poets themselves. And what about the present situa- tion? The authors of this essay carried out an improvised piece of investigation into current conditions, attitudes, and feelings on both the Albanian and the Slavic-Montenegrin side (in September 2012). key words: Montenegro; history; multiculturalism; identity; nationalism; Muslim; Orthodox Montenegro (Crna Gora, Tsrna Gora, Tsernagora) is a small country in the Western Balkans region with some 625,000 inhabitants,1 which became an independent nation in 2006 and a can- didate-member of the EU in 2010. -
Tentative Lists Submitted by States Parties As of 15 April 2021, in Conformity with the Operational Guidelines
World Heritage 44 COM WHC/21/44.COM/8A Paris, 4 June 2021 Original: English UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE Extended forty-fourth session Fuzhou (China) / Online meeting 16 – 31 July 2021 Item 8 of the Provisional Agenda: Establishment of the World Heritage List and of the List of World Heritage in Danger 8A. Tentative Lists submitted by States Parties as of 15 April 2021, in conformity with the Operational Guidelines SUMMARY This document presents the Tentative Lists of all States Parties submitted in conformity with the Operational Guidelines as of 15 April 2021. • Annex 1 presents a full list of States Parties indicating the date of the most recent Tentative List submission. • Annex 2 presents new Tentative Lists (or additions to Tentative Lists) submitted by States Parties since 16 April 2019. • Annex 3 presents a list of all sites included in the Tentative Lists of the States Parties to the Convention, in alphabetical order. Draft Decision: 44 COM 8A, see point II I. EXAMINATION OF TENTATIVE LISTS 1. The World Heritage Convention provides that each State Party to the Convention shall submit to the World Heritage Committee an inventory of the cultural and natural sites situated within its territory, which it considers suitable for inscription on the World Heritage List, and which it intends to nominate during the following five to ten years. Over the years, the Committee has repeatedly confirmed the importance of these Lists, also known as Tentative Lists, for planning purposes, comparative analyses of nominations and for facilitating the undertaking of global and thematic studies. -
The Nature of Hellenistic Domestic Sculpture in Its Cultural and Spatial Contexts
THE NATURE OF HELLENISTIC DOMESTIC SCULPTURE IN ITS CULTURAL AND SPATIAL CONTEXTS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Craig I. Hardiman, B.Comm., B.A., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 2005 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. Mark D. Fullerton, Advisor Dr. Timothy J. McNiven _______________________________ Advisor Dr. Stephen V. Tracy Graduate Program in the History of Art Copyright by Craig I. Hardiman 2005 ABSTRACT This dissertation marks the first synthetic and contextual analysis of domestic sculpture for the whole of the Hellenistic period (323 BCE – 31 BCE). Prior to this study, Hellenistic domestic sculpture had been examined from a broadly literary perspective or had been the focus of smaller regional or site-specific studies. Rather than taking any one approach, this dissertation examines both the literary testimonia and the material record in order to develop as full a picture as possible for the location, function and meaning(s) of these pieces. The study begins with a reconsideration of the literary evidence. The testimonia deal chiefly with the residences of the Hellenistic kings and their conspicuous displays of wealth in the most public rooms in the home, namely courtyards and dining rooms. Following this, the material evidence from the Greek mainland and Asia Minor is considered. The general evidence supports the literary testimonia’s location for these sculptures. In addition, several individual examples offer insights into the sophistication of domestic decorative programs among the Greeks, something usually associated with the Romans. -
Greek-Anatolian Language Contact and the Settlement of Pamphylia
CHRISTINA SKELTON Greek-Anatolian Language Contact and the Settlement of Pamphylia The Ancient Greek dialect of Pamphylia shows extensive influence from the nearby Anatolian languages. Evidence from the linguistics of Greek and Anatolian, sociolinguistics, and the histor- ical and archaeological record suggest that this influence is due to Anatolian speakers learning Greek as a second language as adults in such large numbers that aspects of their L2 Greek became fixed as a part of the main Pamphylian dialect. For this linguistic development to occur and persist, Pamphylia must initially have been settled by a small number of Greeks, and remained isolated from the broader Greek-speaking community while prevailing cultural atti- tudes favored a combined Greek-Anatolian culture. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND The Greek-speaking world of the Archaic and Classical periods (ca. ninth through third centuries BC) was covered by a patchwork of different dialects of Ancient Greek, some of them quite different from the Attic and Ionic familiar to Classicists. Even among these varied dialects, the dialect of Pamphylia, located on the southern coast of Asia Minor, stands out as something unusual. For example, consider the following section from the famous Pamphylian inscription from Sillyon: συ Διϝι̣ α̣ ̣ και hιιαροισι Μανεˉ[ς .]υαν̣ hελε ΣελυW[ι]ιυ̣ ς̣ ̣ [..? hι†ια[ρ]α ϝιλ̣ σιι̣ ọς ̣ υπαρ και ανιιας̣ οσα περ(̣ ι)ι[στα]τυ ̣ Wοικ[. .] The author would like to thank Sally Thomason, Craig Melchert, Leonard Neidorf and the anonymous reviewer for their valuable input, as well as Greg Nagy and everyone at the Center for Hellenic Studies for allowing me to use their library and for their wonderful hospitality during the early stages of pre- paring this manuscript. -
INTRODUCTION 1. the Project the National
Archeologia e Calcolatori Supplemento 11, 2019, 11-17 INTRODUCTION 1. The project The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), under the aegis of the International Relations Office, has started in the last years a productive collaboration with the Ministry of Science and the Ministry of Culture of Montenegro on the broad topic of the Montenegrin cultural heritage. The first specific scientific agreement between CNR and the Ministry of Science of Montenegro was signed in 2014, and since then a series of bilateral activities have started. In Cultural Heritage studies, in particular, two bilateral projects have been conducted with the Historical Institute of Montenegro-Uni- versity of Montenegro (HIM-UoM). Two CNR Institutes were involved: the Institute for Technologies Applied to Cultural Heritage (CNR-ITABC) – that signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Ministry of Culture of Montenegro in 2016 – and the Institute for Ancient Mediterranean Studies (CNR-ISMA) – that started a Joint Archaeological Laboratory with HIM- UoM in 2017 (Alberti, Sfameni 2015, 2017; Alberti, Koprivica 2017). Both of these CNR Institutes were recently merged in the newly created CNR Institute for Cultural Heritage Sciences (Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale, CNR-ISPC). The first step of our collaboration has been a better knowledge of the Montenegrin Cultural Heritage, in order to strengthen the scientific relation between the two countries and the two scientific communities. In agreement with the Montenegrin Institutions, the Roman city of Doclea, located only few kilometres from the capital Podgorica, has been chosen as the scientific arena of this new collaboration, in view of its importance for the Montenegrin history and cultural identity. -
Model Selection
REIMAGINE NATURAL STONE MODEL SELECTION KERAMOS PEDASA THERA XANTHOS REIMAGINE NATURAL STONE PATARA GERGA AKROPOLIS SILLYON ETENNA REIMAGINE NATURAL STONE MARBLE SELECTION SANDY BEIGE ALNOIR BLACK BURSA BEIGE LILAC DARK EMPERADOR CLASSIC TRAVERTINE AEGEAN BROWN AEGEAN WHITE REIMAGINE NATURAL STONE KERAMOS PREMIUM MARBLE : AEGEAN WHITE Dimensions Overall dim: 165x136x43,5cm - 64,9x53,5x17,1 in Opening dim: 100x90cm - 39,3x34.4 in REIMAGINE NATURAL STONE KERAMOS PREMIUM MARBLE : AEGEAN BROWN Dimensions Overall dim: 165x136x43,5cm - 64,9x53,5x17,1 in Opening dim: 100x90cm - 39,3x34.4 in REIMAGINE NATURAL STONE KERAMOS PREMIUM MARBLE : AEGEAN WHITE Dimensions Overall dim: 165x136x43,5cm - 64,9x53,5x17,1 in Opening dim: 100x90cm - 39,3x34.4 in REIMAGINE NATURAL STONE PEDASA PREMIUM MARBLE : LILAC Dimensions Overall dim: 160x131x37,5cm - 62,9x51,5x14,7 in Opening dim: 100x90cm - 39,3x34,4 in REIMAGINE NATURAL STONE PEDASA PREMIUM MARBLE : SANDY BEIGE Dimensions Overall dim: 160x131x37,5cm - 62,9x51,5x14,7 in Opening dim: 100x90cm - 39,3x34,4 in REIMAGINE NATURAL STONE PEDASA PREMIUM MARBLE : DARK EMPERADOR Dimensions Overall dim: 160x131x37,5cm - 62,9x51,5x14,7 in Opening dim: 100x90cm - 39,3x34,4 in REIMAGINE NATURAL STONE PEDASA PREMIUM MARBLE : ALNOIR BLACK Dimensions Overall dim: 160x131x37,5cm - 62,9x51,5x14,7 in Opening dim: 100x90cm - 39,3x34,4 in REIMAGINE NATURAL STONE PEDASA PREMIUM MARBLE : AEGEAN WHITE Dimensions Overall dim: 160x131x37,5cm - 62,9x51,5x14,7 in Opening dim: 100x90cm - 39,3x34,4 in REIMAGINE NATURAL STONE THERA PREMIUM -
The Top-Ranking Towns in the Balkan and Pannonian Provinces of the Roman Empire Najpomembnejša Antična Mesta Balkanskih Provinc in Obeh Panonij
Arheološki vestnik 71, 2020, 193–215; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3986/AV.71.05 193 The top-ranking towns in the Balkan and Pannonian provinces of the Roman Empire Najpomembnejša antična mesta balkanskih provinc in obeh Panonij Damjan DONEV Izvleček Rimska mesta balkanskih in podonavskih provinc so bila doslej le redko del raziskav širših mestnih mrež. Namen prispevka je prepoznati glavne značilnosti mestnih sistemov in na podlagi najpomembnejših mest provincialne mestne hierarhije poiskati njihovo vpetost v ekonomijo provinc v času severske dinastije. Avtor se osredotoča na primerjavo veli- kosti prvorazrednih mest z ostalimi naselbinami, upošteva pa tudi njihovo lego in kmetijsko bogastvo zaledja. Ugotavlja, da moramo obravnavano območje glede na ekonomske vire razumeti kot obrobje rimskega imperija. Glavna bogastva obravnavanih provinc so bili namreč les, volna, ruda in delovna sila, kar se jasno izraža tudi v osnovnih geografskih parametrih prvorazrednih mest: v njihovi relativno skromni velikosti, obrobni legi in vojaški naravi. Ključne besede: Balkanski polotok; Donava; principat; urbanizacija; urbani sistemi Abstract The Roman towns of the Balkan and Danube provinces have rarely been studied as parts of wider urban networks. This paper attempts to identify the principle features of these urban systems and their implications for the economy of the provinces at the time of the Severan dynasty, through the prism of the top-ranking towns in the provincial urban hierarchies. The focus will be on the size of the first-ranking settlements in relation to the size of the lower-ranking towns, their location and the agricultural riches of their hinterlands. One of the main conclusions of this study is that, from an economic perspective, the region under study was a peripheral part of the Roman Empire. -
Archaeology and History of Lydia from the Early Lydian Period to Late Antiquity (8Th Century B.C.-6Th Century A.D.)
Dokuz Eylül University – DEU The Research Center for the Archaeology of Western Anatolia – EKVAM Colloquia Anatolica et Aegaea Congressus internationales Smyrnenses IX Archaeology and history of Lydia from the early Lydian period to late antiquity (8th century B.C.-6th century A.D.). An international symposium May 17-18, 2017 / Izmir, Turkey ABSTRACTS Edited by Ergün Laflı Gülseren Kan Şahin Last Update: 21/04/2017. Izmir, May 2017 Websites: https://independent.academia.edu/TheLydiaSymposium https://www.researchgate.net/profile/The_Lydia_Symposium 1 This symposium has been dedicated to Roberto Gusmani (1935-2009) and Peter Herrmann (1927-2002) due to their pioneering works on the archaeology and history of ancient Lydia. Fig. 1: Map of Lydia and neighbouring areas in western Asia Minor (S. Patacı, 2017). 2 Table of contents Ergün Laflı, An introduction to Lydian studies: Editorial remarks to the abstract booklet of the Lydia Symposium....................................................................................................................................................8-9. Nihal Akıllı, Protohistorical excavations at Hastane Höyük in Akhisar………………………………10. Sedat Akkurnaz, New examples of Archaic architectural terracottas from Lydia………………………..11. Gülseren Alkış Yazıcı, Some remarks on the ancient religions of Lydia……………………………….12. Elif Alten, Revolt of Achaeus against Antiochus III the Great and the siege of Sardis, based on classical textual, epigraphic and numismatic evidence………………………………………………………………....13. Gaetano Arena, Heleis: A chief doctor in Roman Lydia…….……………………………………....14. Ilias N. Arnaoutoglou, Κοινὸν, συμβίωσις: Associations in Hellenistic and Roman Lydia……….……..15. Eirini Artemi, The role of Ephesus in the late antiquity from the period of Diocletian to A.D. 449, the “Robber Synod”.……………………………………………………………………….………...16. Natalia S. Astashova, Anatolian pottery from Panticapaeum…………………………………….17-18. Ayşegül Aykurt, Minoan presence in western Anatolia……………………………………………...19. -
Inventory of Tourist Facilities and Capacities in Lake Skadar-Shkodra Area
Inventory of tourist facilities and capacities in Lake Skadar-Shkodra area INVENTORY OF TOURIST FACILITIES AND CAPACITIES IN LAKE SKADAR-SHKODRA AREA Prepared by LAKE SKADAR-SHKODRA INTEGRATED ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT PROJECT July 2011 1 Inventory of tourist facilities and capacities in Lake Skadar-Shkodra area INTRODUCTION Lake Skadar-Shkodra is the largest lake in the Balkan Peninsula shared between Montenegro and Albania. The Montenegrin part of the lake and its surrounding area were declared a national park in 1983 and in Albania a Managed Nature Reserve. In 1996 in Montenegro and in 2006 in Albania, Skadar-Shkodra Lake was included in the Ramsar list of wetlands of international importance. Lake Skadar is a wonderful place with mirrored waters, rocky shores and wetlands full of wildlife with more than 270 species of birds, plenty of natural herbs, traditional fishing villages, numerous islet monasteries and cultural heritage sites, fascinating beaches surrounded by karst mountains, various amusing, social and cultutral events. Lake Skadar area is where some of the best wines and organic food in Montenegro can be found, cultivated by the local producers especially in Crmnica and Godinje valleys in Montenegro and Shtoj village in Albania. There are also numerous accomodation facilities, restaurants and shopping centers, on the Montenegrin and Labanian sides of the lake that make this area attractive to hiome and foreign tourists. Being a tourist attraction with all these natural and cultural resources the aim of this inventory is to prepare a joint Montenegrin and Albanian inventory on tourist facilities and capacities of Lake Shkodra area, to promote Lake Skadar-Shkodra as a joint tourist attraction internally and internationally. -
Julian's Pagan Revival and the Decline of Blood Sacrifice Author(S): Scott Bradbury Source: Phoenix, Vol
Julian's Pagan Revival and the Decline of Blood Sacrifice Author(s): Scott Bradbury Source: Phoenix, Vol. 49, No. 4 (Winter, 1995), pp. 331-356 Published by: Classical Association of Canada Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1088885 . Accessed: 01/11/2013 14:32 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Classical Association of Canada is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Phoenix. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 146.245.216.150 on Fri, 1 Nov 2013 14:32:15 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions JULIAN'SPAGAN REVIVAL AND THE DECLINE OF BLOOD SACRIFICE SCOTT BRADBURY "This is the chieffruit of piety:to honorthe divinein the traditional ways."7 PorphyryAd Marcellam 18 IT HAS ALWAYS BEEN A PARADOX that in a predominantly pagan empire the EmperorJulian (A.D. 360-363) did not meet with immediatesuccess in his effortsto revivepaganism. Contemporarypagans feltuneasy with Julian'sattempt to make the gods live again in the public consciousness throughthe rebuildingof temples,the revival of pagan priesthoods,the restorationof ancient ceremonies, and most importantly,the revival of blood sacrifices. Historianshave long pointed out that Christianemperors had permittedother elementsof pagan festivalsto continuewhile forbidding blood on the altars, since blood sacrificewas the element of pagan cult most repugnantto Christians.Thus, blood sacrifice,although linked to the fate of pagan cults in general,poses special problemsprecisely because it was regardedas the most loathsomeaspect of cult and aroused the greatest amountof Christianhostility.