Church History Church History and and Religious Culture 99 (2019) 465–484 Religious Culture brill.com/chrc A Two- and a Threefold Cord Martin Statius on Mixed Marriages and Interconfessional Relationships Johannes Müller Leiden University
[email protected] Abstract Religious coexistence and even mixed marital unions were an undeniable reality in many parts of early modern Europe. Despite occasional harsh criticisms by the clergy, church authorities often had no choice than to silently accept religious diversity as an embarrassing fact of life. This article addresses the rare case of the Danzig Lutheran preacher Martin Statius (1589–1655), who tried to articulate well-balanced guidelines for the question of how to deal with religious diversity in public and private spaces. In order to create a theological framework for the discussion of this problem, Statius distinguished between three forms of human love: “natural, civic and spiritual.” Cat- egorizing love and friendship in this manner enabled Statius to bridge the deep gap between theological ideals and the unruly reality of everyday life and offers an illu- minating insight into confessional discourses and their relation to the social reality in multiconfessional cities. Keywords early modern religion – religious coexistence – Danzig – mixed marriages – preaching – Lutheranism – Baltic – religious diversity In many regions of early modern Europe, religious coexistence and marriages between adherents of different confessions were a fact of life, even though they were harshly criticized by church officials, as they challenged confessional identities and their reproduction in future generations. In cities of the seven- teenth and eighteenth century Dutch Republic, often cited as the prime exam- ple of religious diversity in Western Europe, intermarriage rates ranged from 1 percent to peaks of 8 percent, while marriages between different Protestant © johannes müller, 2019 | doi:10.1163/18712428-09903008 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NCDownloaded4.0 License.