Archive for Reformation History

An international AnJournal International concerned Journal with the history of the concerned withReformation the history and of itsthe significance Reformation in andworld its affairs, significance published in world affairs, published underunder the the auspices auspices of of the the Verein Verein für für Reformationsgeschichte Reformations- and geschichtethe andSociety the Societyfor Reformation for Reformation Research Research

Supplement Literature Review

Board of Editors

Jodi Bilinkoff, Greensboro/North Carolina – Gérald Chaix, Nantes – David Cressy, Columbus/Ohio – Michael Driedger, St. Catharines/Ontario – Mark Grengrass, 6KHIÀHOG²%UDG6*UHJRU\1RWUH'DPH,QGLDQD²6FRWW+HQGUL[3ULQFHWRQ1HZ -HUVH\²0DFN3+ROW)DLUID[9LUJLQLD²6XVDQ&.DUDQW1XQQ7XFVRQ$UL]RQD² 7KRPDV.DXIPDQQ*|WWLQJHQ²(UQVW.RFK/HLS]LJ²8WH/RW]+HXPDQQ7XVFRQ $UL]RQD²-DQXV]0DââHN7RUXľ²6LOYDQD6HLGHO0HQFKL3LVD²%HUQG0RHOOHU *|WWLQJHQ²&DUOD5DKQ3KLOOLSV0LQQHDSROLV0LQQHVRWD²+HLQ]6FKHLEOH+HLGHO EHUJ²+HLQ]6FKLOOLQJ%HUOLQ²$QQH-DFREVRQ6FKXWWH&KDUORWWHVYLOOH9LUJLQLD² &KULVWRSK6WURKP+HLGHOEHUJ²-DPHV'7UDF\0LQQHDSROLV0LQQHVRWD²5DQGDOO &=DFKPDQ1RWUH'DPH,QGLDQD

Managing Editor under the auspices of the Verein für Reformationsgeschichte and the Leibniz-Institute for European History, Mainz

Markus Wriedt

Vol. 42 · 2013

Gütersloher Verlagshaus

Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte

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Beiheft Literaturbericht

Herausgeber

Jodi Bilinkoff, Greensboro/North Carolina – Gérald Chaix, Nantes – David Cressy, Columbus/Ohio – Michael Driedger, St. Catharines/Ontario – Mark Grengrass, 6KHIÀHOG²%UDG6*UHJRU\1RWUH'DPH,QGLDQD²6FRWW+HQGUL[3ULQFHWRQ1HZ -HUVH\²0DFN3+ROW)DLUID[9LUJLQLD²6XVDQ&.DUDQW1XQQ7XFVRQ$UL]RQD² 7KRPDV.DXIPDQQ*|WWLQJHQ²(UQVW.RFK/HLS]LJ²8WH/RW]+HXPDQQ7XVFRQ $UL]RQD²-DQXV]0DââHN7RUXľ²6LOYDQD6HLGHO0HQFKL3LVD²%HUQG0RHOOHU *|WWLQJHQ²&DUOD5DKQ3KLOOLSV0LQQHDSROLV0LQQHVRWD²+HLQ]6FKHLEOH+HLGHO EHUJ²+HLQ]6FKLOOLQJ%HUOLQ²$QQH-DFREVRQ6FKXWWH&KDUORWWHVYLOOH9LUJLQLD² &KULVWRSK6WURKP+HLGHOEHUJ²-DPHV'7UDF\0LQQHDSROLV0LQQHVRWD²5DQGDOO &=DFKPDQ1RWUH'DPH,QGLDQD

Redaktion im Auftrag des Vereins für Reformationsgeschichte und des Leibniz-Instituts für Europäische Geschichte, Mainz

Markus Wriedt

Vol. 42 · 2013

Gütersloher Verlagshaus

Redaktion: Markus Wriedt Goethe-Universität Frankfurt/Main

Ständige Mitarbeiter (Referate): Matthias Asche (Norddeutschland) Universität Tübingen Stephen Buckwalter (Spanien) Universität Heidelberg Enno Bünz (Mitteldeutschland) Universität Leipzig Anne Conrad (Kath. Reform, Gender) Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken Otfried Czaika (Skandinavien) Universität Oslo Kestutis Daugirdas (Litauen) Universität Mainz Michael Driedger (Täufer) Brock University, St. Katharins, ON Hermann Ehmer (Südwestdeutschland) Stuttgart Stefan Ehrenpreis (Rheinland) Humboldt-Universität Berlin Martina Fuchs (Habsb. Erblande) Universität Wien Ralf-Peter Fuchs (Franken, Bayern) Ludwig Maximiilans Universität München Christian Grosse (Frankreich) Universität Lausanne Ines Grund (Zeitschriften) Leibniz-Institut für Europäische Geschichte, Mainz Mark Häberlein (Entdeckungen) Universität Bamberg Philip Hahn (Musik) Goethe Universität Frankfut am Main Markus Hein (Ungarn) Universität Leipzig Johannes Helmrath (Spätmittelalter) Humboldt Universität Berlin Henning Jürgens (Ostfriesland) Institut für Europäische Geschichte, Mainz Thomas Kaufmann (Luther) Universität Göttingen Robert Kolb (Wissenschaft) Concordia Seminary, St. Louis MO David M. Loades (England) Oxford Ute Lotz-Heumann (Irland) University of Arizona, Tuscon AZ Heiner Lück (Recht) Martin Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg Karin Maag (Calvin) Henry Meeter Center, Grand Rapids, MI Janusz Małłek (Polen) Toruń Alexander Markschies (Kunst) RWTH Aachen Guido Marnef (Niederlande) Universität Antwerpen Richard Ninness (engl. Monographien) Touro College, New York NJ Christopher Ocker (Spätmittelalter) San Francisco Theological Seminary, CA Andreas Rutz (Westfalen) Universität Bonn Wolf Friedrich Schäufele (Hesssen) Philipps Universität Marburg Anselm Schubert (Täufer) Erlangen Herman Selderhuis (Calvin, Niederlande) Theologische Universität Apeldoorn, NL Walther Sparn (Philosophie) Universität Erlangen Markus Völkel (Italien) Universität Rostock Michael Waltenberger (Deutsche Literatur) Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main Thomas Wilhelmi (Buchdruck) Universität Heidelberg An dem Bericht arbeiteten außerdem mit: Philip Benedict, Christopher Close, Geoffrey Dipple, Corinna Eckhardt, Micha Gregore, Jochen Hermel, Luca Illic, Marc Kolakowski, Maciej Ptaszynski, Carolin Struwe, Gabriele Waş.

Gliederung des Berichtes

1 Allgemeines 7 7. 5 Der Raum des Alten Reiches 2 Religion und Kirche 7. 5. 1 Die habsburgischen Erbland 93 2. 1 Vor der Reformation 17 7. 5. 2 Norddeutschland, Preußen 102 2. 2 Luther 21 7. 5. 3 Mitteldeutschland 118 2. 3 Calvin 28 7. 5. 4 Hessen 128 2. 4 Protestantismus: Theologie und 7. 5. 5 Franken 129 Kirche 33 7. 5. 6 Bayern 132 2. 5 Täufertum und heterodoxe 7. 5. 7 Südwestdeutschland 135 Richtungen 43 7. 5. 8 Rheinland 142 2 .6 Katholische Reform und 7. 5. 9 Westfalen 143 Gegenreformation 46 7. 5. 10 Ostfriesland 147 3 Geist und Kultur 47 7. 6 Östliches Europa, Moskauer 3. 1 Philosophie 48 Reich 149 3. 2 Humanismus, Geschichts- 7. 7 Schweiz 151 schreibung, Bildungswesen 50 7. 8 Italien 154 3. 3. Sprache und Literatur 55 7. 9 Spanien, Portugal 154 3. 4 Kunst, Musik 59 7. 10 Frankreich 157 3. 5 Medizin, Naturwissenschaften 67 7. 11 Niederlande 173 3. 6 Handschriften und Buchdruck 68 7. 12 Die Britischen Inseln 174 4 Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft 8 Entdeckungen, Kolonisation, 4. 1 Wirtschaft 74 Mission 184 4. 2 Gesellschaft 75 4. 3 Gender studies 79 Registerteil 5. Begegnung mit nichtchristlichen Autoren 188 Religionen Namen 201 5. 1 Judentum 81 Orte 209 5. 2 Islam 81 6 Staat: Verfassung, Verwaltung, Recht 82 7 Die europäischen Länder 82 7. 1 Zwischenstaatliche Beziehungen 82 7. 2 Skandinavien 82 7. 3 Die baltischen Länder 85 7. 4 Litauen und Polen 86 Abkürzungen und Siglen

Abkürzungen und Siglen richten sich, soweit sie sich nicht von selbst verstehen, nach: Siegfried M. Schwertner: IATG² – Internationales Abkürzungsverzeichnis für Theologie und Grenzgebiete. 2. überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage Berlin: de Gruyter, 1992.

7 Allgemeines 1. ALLGEMEINES

1 R. J. W. Evans and Peter H. Wilson (eds.): The Holy Roman Empire, 1495-1806: A European Perspective. (Brill’s Companions to European History; Vol. 1). Leiden: Brill 2012. 418 pages; Hardcover. – The birth of transnational studies and the emphasis on viewing local phenomena in a global context has reshaped how many scholars study the early modern period. The twenty essays in this volume fit into this broad historiographical movement by analyzing the Holy Roman Empire’s position in the wider socio-political landscape of early modern Europe. The editors have divided the volume into five thematic sections. The first, called “Turning Points,” contains three essays that investigate key moments in the Empire’s history. Lothar Höbelt reassesses contemporary perceptions of the Peace of Westphalia and its ability to inspire loyalty to the Empire, while Wolfgang Burgdorf examines the trauma that the Empire’s 1806 dissolution caused many contemporaries. Peter Schröder adds a chapter on how the Empire’s constitution provided a model for Abbe de Saint-Pierre’s eighteenth-century proposal for a federated Europe of allied states. The second section shifts focus to “Habsburg governance” in the dynasty’s dual role as elected emperor and ruler of an extensive patrimony. Chapters by Olivier Chaline, Jaroslav Pánek, and Petr Matá explore the Kingdom of Bohemia’s connections to the Empire, most notably to areas such as Silesia and the Habsburg Netherlands. Jeroen Duindam analyzes the imperial court in Vienna, emphasizing its ability to function as a center of Habsburg dynastic power while still maintaining its importance as one of many showplaces for the Empire. Thomas Winkelbauer concludes this section by chronicling the slow separation of the Austrian lands from the Empire, arguing that “emperors more and more tended to give preference to their monarchy than to the Empire.” (183) Section three looks at interactions between “Cores and Peripheries” within the Empire. Sven Externbrink offers a comparative analysis of territorial state-building in Brandenburg-Prussia and Savoy-Sardinia, while Blythe Raviola reconstructs how membership in the Empire continued to shape political systems in northern Italy during the early modern period. Nicolette Mout examines the political relationship between the German imperial estates and the Netherlands during the sixteenth century. In section four, the volume takes up the theme of “Neighbours,” with four articles surveying principalities bordering the Empire to its east and north. Robert Frost and Adam Perłakowski focus on relations between Poland-Lithuania and German territories during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Thomas Munck turns our attention to cultural exchanges between the kingdom of Denmark-Norway and the Empire’s northern territories, while Géza Pálffy details the relationship between the Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary. The collection’s final section highlights “Imperial Culture and Identity” by focusing on the production of art and material culture in the Empire. Friedrich Polleross’s chapter situates Habsburg imperial portraiture within the larger European tradition, arguing that idiosyncrasies of Austrian portraits resulted not from “inferior artistic quality, but was firstly a consequence of ideology.” (363) Thomas DaCosta Kaufmann gives an overview of visual culture in the Empire by examining the shifting importance of different centers of artistic production. Kim Siebenhüner investigates the origins of jewels owned by the Empire’s princes, emphasizing the influence of global trade on central Europe’s material culture. Heinz Duchhardt closes the volume with some reflections on the relationship between the Holy Roman Empire and the international system of empires that emerged in the eighteenth century. – This volume should be of particular interest to scholars working on non-German-speaking areas of the Empire, as well as those focused on the Habsburg Allgemeines 8 dynasty and interactions between Germanic territories and the Empire’s neighbors. It will also be useful to scholars interested in the wider European perception of the Holy Roman Empire.– Close 2 Joachim Whaley: Germany and the Holy Roman Empire. Volume 1: Maximilian I to the Peace of Westphalia 1493-1648. Volume 2: The Peace of Westphalia to the Dissolution of the Reich 1648-1806. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2012. 1514 pages; hardcover. – This two-volume monograph represents one of the most impressive histories of the Holy Roman Empire written since World War II. Focused primarily on the institutional history of the Empire from the 1495 Diet of Worms to the Empire’s dissolution in 1806, Whaley offers a coherent overview of the enigmatic and multi-faceted political entity at the heart of early modern Europe. Over the course of roughly 1500 pages, Whaley cogently charts the development of key institutions within the Empire such as the Imperial Chamber Court, the Imperial Diet, and the Imperial Circles, all while maintaining an equally clear focus on the daily political life of the numerous localities and territorial states that made up the Empire. His main argument focuses on the flexibility of the Empire’s political system. Whaley sees the Empire not as a “monstrosity,” but rather as an evolving polity with a specific German identity that operated successfully for centuries. To trace how the Empire remained functional throughout the early modern period, Whaley crafts his narrative around a series of political, social, and religious reform movements that reshaped the Empire at crucial moments. According to Whaley, each reform movement presented a particular challenge to the Empire, but eventually, the imperial estates resolved each conundrum through a policy of accommodation and compromise. In Whaley’s opinion, this approach kept the Empire’s institutional and constitutional viability intact by allowing for the continual development and reinvention of the Empire’s political structure. The first volume of Whaley’s study stretches from the reign of Maximilian I to the Peace of Westphalia. It touches on all the standard high points: the imperial reform movement of the 1490s, the advent of the Protestant Reformation, the unsuccessful attempt to end confessional conflict through war during the 1540s, the Peace of Augsburg, the emergence of confessionalization, and finally the Thirty Years War. The strength of Whaley’s approach lies in his synthesis of a vast array of secondary sources and his ability to shed new light on well-known topics. Despite his emphasis on the unity of the early modern Empire and the consistency with which new reform movements emerged throughout its existence, Whaley nonetheless retains a traditional chronology in dividing his two volumes at 1648. Picking up where the first volume left off, his second volume charts the Empire’s development after the Peace of Westphalia, a period that has often been seen as one of slow decline and ossification for imperial institutions. Taking particular issue with the traditional “Prussian- German” view of the Empire’s backwardness, Whaley argues that the Empire remained a dynamic political actor throughout its last century and a half of existence. According to Whaley, this period saw the emergence of a distinct “German ‘ideology’ that had no use for ideas of nation states and the like: an awareness of varying levels of identification, from locality to Reich, a multiplicity of interlocking and overlapping ‘fatherlands’ expressed in the contemporary formula of ‘unity in diversity.’” (vol. 1, 14) For Whaley, this common identity explains the Empire’s survival and operation throughout the eighteenth century, right up to its dissolution in 1806. It holds the key to understanding why the Empire held together, even as some of its larger states moved to establish themselves as more independent political actors. Both volumes contain good maps and an extremely useful glossary of technical terms, while the bibliographies offer a treasure trove of riches. Whaley’s two volumes mark an immense accomplishment and should be read by any scholar working on the early modern Empire or early modern politics in general. They represent the most 9 Allgemeines comprehensive history of the Empire available in English and are sure to generate debate for decades to come. – Close 3 Cornelia Klettke and Ralf Pröve (eds.): Brennpunkte kultureller Begenungen auf dem Weg zu einem modernen Europa. Identitäten und Alteritäten eines Kontinents. (Schriften des frühneuzeitzentrums Potsdam; 1). Göttingen: V&R unipress 2011. 277 pages; Hardcover. – This collection of cultural history essays originated in a series of lectures held at the Universität Potsdam during summer 2010. Its general topic involves sites of cultural interaction and exchange in early modern Europe. Günther Lottes opens the volume with an overview of how early modern Europeans created different cultural spaces within distinct linguistic and political boundaries. He concludes that the manner in which the Enlightenment and revolutionary political ideas developed in specific locations depended on how each locality had been shaped by the legacy of confessional conflict brought on by the Reformation. Frank Lestringant examines the idea of the “noble savage” during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, arguing that it developed not only in response to discoveries in the New World, but also from encounters with pagan or “primitive” peoples living in Europe, such as the Lapps and Corsicans. As a trope, the noble savage therefore allowed confessional writers to highlight the boundaries between good and bad Christians, between those who were truly civilized believers and those who only pretended to enjoy the divine protection of civilization. Gerda Haβler’s contribution investigates scholarly defenses of vernacular languages during the eighteenth century and the influence such apologies exerted on the use of the vernacular in academic discourse. Three other chapters shift focus to specific cities as sites of cultural production, with Christoph Schulte offering comparative analysis of Amsterdam and Berlin as “Jewish metropolises” and Andreas Köstler examining Gianlorenzo Bernini’s 1665 stay in Paris and its effect on subsequent French artists. Cornelia Klettke’s article details the role Ferrara and the Este court played in promoting international humanist learning. Several chapters also adopt a broader geographic focus, such as Ralf Pröve’s examination of how early modern standing armies served as mechanisms for cultural exchange between linguistic and confessional groups. Especially important in this regard was the quartering of troops in civilian homes, a practice that became especially widespread in the eighteenth century with a rapid rise in the number of men employed in military service. Frank Göse investigates similar issues in his analysis of evolving cultural perceptions between Brandenburg-Prussia and Electoral Saxony. A fourth set of articles tackles more generalized spaces of cultural interaction, such as Brunhilde Wehinger’s analysis of the salon as a vehicle for female cultural encounters, as well as Dirk Wiemann’s chapter on the eighteenth-century English novel Pamela’s role in creating a new category of transnational European novels that crossed linguistic boundaries. Lars Eckstein keeps the focus on literary culture by exploring the ways in which Shakespeare’s The Tempest and the wild character of Caliban influenced British painting during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, contending that different media allowed artists to market the “exotic” in different ways. The volume concludes with a chapter by Helmut Peitsch on the travel literature produced by Georg Forster and its connection to debates about globalization. Diverse in focus and subject matter, the essays in this volume will appeal mainly to cultural historians and scholars working on the formation of local and national identities during the early modern period. – Close 4 Sigrid Müller, Cornelia Schweiger (eds.). Between Creativity and Norm-Making: Tensions in the Early Modern Era (Studies in Medieval and Reformation Traditions, 165). Leiden: E.J. Brill, 2013. 302 pages. Bibliography. Indeces of persons and subjects. – The volume explores tensions between innovation and discovery on the one hand and ordering and regulation on the other from the fourteenth through the sixteenth century. The authors Allgemeines 10 cover a great variety of evidence: fifteenth-century commentaries on Aristotle’s Ethics (Sigrid Müller), late medieval music theory (Christian Thomas Leitmeir), Johannes Nider’s theory of conscience (Thomas Brogl), the concepts of prudentia and discretio in the Melk reform (Meta Niederkorn-Bruck), early Jesuit spirituality (Marianne Schlosser), the business ethics of the Florentines Angelo Corbinelli and Cosimo de’ Medici (Rudolf Schüssler), medieval and sixteenth-century concepts of the soul (Henrik Wels), Francisco de Vitoria’s lectures on the American indians (Hans Schelkshorn), a humanist concept of the moral dignity of the human being (Heribert Smolinsky), the moral theology of early Lutheranism (Volker Leppin), Catholic and Lutheran confessional manuals (Renate Dürr), the public regulation of faith and morals in the German territorial state (Thomas Simon), and changing attitudes toward death (Hermann Hold). Most contributions make insightful comparisons between medieval and early modern concepts and developments, and most generally support the idea of growing regulation in conjunction with the emerging institutions of confessional states. – Ocker 5 Emily Michelson, Scott K. Taylor, and Mary Noll Venables (eds.): A Linking of Heaven and Earth. Studies in Religious and Cultural History in Honor of Carlos M.N. Eire. Surrey, Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2012. – This festschrift for Carlos Eire is divided into three sections, Exploring Boundaries, Living One’s Faith, and The Physicality of Spirituality. I will provide at least one example for each section. Alison Weber demonstrates that Spanish authorities did not follow the Tridentine mandate removing superstition from the devotion of images. For example, Teresa of Avila had profound spiritual experiences which involved images in ways that the new orthodoxy after Trent would view as superstition: her conversion before the image of the wounded Christ, the help of the Mary statute when taking over a convent, and the voice heard from a painting. H.C. Erik Midelfort’s article deals with controversy in the early eighteenth century among Protestants about miracles performed after the apostolic age. Protestants also criticized Catholics for their continued belief in them. Scripture, however, provided no proof either for the end of miracles or demons. In the context of this theological soul searching, Thomas Woolston claimed that the miracles of Jesus were not real. He took particular delight in debunking the miracle of the Gadarene swine unleashing a major theological debate which also had ramifications for German biblical scholarship. In the second section, Living One’s Faith, Mary Noll Venables discusses how Sigismund Evenius changed his message as a result of the events of the Thirty Years War, especially the siege of Magdeburg. He spent the last part of his life interpreting God’s warning to the faithful advising study and repentance. In the last section, The Physicality of Spirituality, Martin Nesvig demonstrates how the use of peyote became a part of Mexico’s hybrid culture. There is no magic, despite Eire’s supposed grumbling that “…no one ever asks…did they [monks] really fly?” (pg. 205), but solid essays dealing with social, cultural, and religious issues. – Ninness 6 Anna Marie Johnson and John A. Maxfield (eds.): The Reformation as Christianiza- tion. Essays on Scott Hendrix’s Christianization Thesis. (Spätmittelaler, Humanismus, Reformation; 66). Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2012. Leinen mit Schutzumschlag, xii 430 Seiten. – Als der letzte prominente Vertreter amerikanischer Lutherforschung Scott Hen- drix 2004 sein Buch „Recultivating the Vineyard“ veröffentlichte, wurde die darin vertrete- ne These als Summe und Gesamtzusammenfassung seiner zahlreichen Veröffentlichungen verstanden. Wenn anlässlich des Lutherforschungskongresses 2012 und zur Vollendung seines 70. Lebensjahres zwei Schüler dem engagierten Lehrer eine Festschrift überreichen, ist diese nichts weniger als die intensive Auseinandersetzung mit eben dieser These. Der Thematische Fokus kommt dem Sammelband – und damit auch der Würdigung des inter- national hoch geachteten Kollegen – sehr zugute. Alle Aufsätze, die dem Jubilar zugeeignet 11 Allgemeines werden, setzen sich mit seiner These und damit auch seinem Werk auseinander. Die grobe Gliederung der insgesamt 19 Beiträge samt einer Einleitung und etlicher Verzeichnisse spiegelt die Ausbildungs- und Forschungsinteressen von Scott Hendrix wider. In insgesamt vier Abschnitten wird die These von der Rechristianisiserung der Gesellschaft und ihrer Kirche durchdekliniert. Seinem Herkommen aus dem Institut für Spätmittelalter und Re- formation in Tübingen noch unter der Leitung von Heiko A. Oberman gemäß widmen sich fünf Beiträge dem Verhältnis zum Mittelalter (Robert Bireley SJ, Gerald Christianson) und sodann der frühen Reformationszeit (Carter Lindberg, Timothy Wengert und James Stayer) – Der zweite Abschnitt thematisiert aktuelle Bezüge der Lutherforschung in Politik (James M. Estes), der praktischen Durchsetzung der Reformation (John A. Maxfield), den sozialcaritati- ven Reformen (Risto Saarinen) und – ein wenig am Rande der Debatte – die naturrechtliche Dimension von Luthers Philosophie (Russell Kleckley). Genderfragen und Familienethik stehen in der Überschrift des dritten Abschnittes mit Beiträgen von Elsie Anne McKee, Merry Wiesner-Hanks, Susan C. Karant-Nunn und Austra Reinis, den gegenwärtig führenden us- amerikanischen Reformationshistorikerinnen. Der vierte Bereich ist mit der Reformation religiöser Praxis überschrieben und nimmt die Auswirkungen der Rechristianisiserung im Fokus der Seelsorgereformen thematisch auf. Berndt Hamm schlägt dabei den Bogen noch einmal zurück ins Mittelalter, wärend Robert Kolb Exegese und Predigt sowie Ronald K. Rittgers den seelsorgerlichen Trost thematisieren. Die theologischen Kontroversen der nachlutherischen Zeit – durchaus unter Aufnahme spätmittelalterlicher Bezüge – themati- sieren Volker Leppin, Amy Nelson Burnett und Irene Dingel. – Insofern alle gelehrten Beiträger ihren vertrauten Forschungsgebieten treu blieben, dokumentiert der Band eindrücklich die hohe synthetische Kraft und Anschlussfähigkeit des von Hendrix geprägten Theorieansat- zes. Der Band stellt eine wohltuende Ausnahme unter den sintflutartig erscheinenden Festschriften und Aufsatzsammlungen mit häufig nur geringem thematischem Profil dar. Insofern wird das in der Bibliographie von Scott Hendrix eindrücklich präsentierte Le- benswerk des amerikanischen Lutherforschers angemessen geehrt, indem es seine Anre- gungen aufnimmt und weiterführt. – Wriedt 7 Peter Blickle: Unruhen in der ständischen Gesellschaft 1300-1800. Munich: Oldenbourg Verlag 2012. – This was the first volume in the Enzyklopädie series published in 1987. In 2012, it was republished as a third expanded edition. From pages 3 to 109, it is, however, the exact same book from 1987. That is problematic because students and non- experts who use the book might be confused into thinking that they are looking at the newest research on the topic. Except for the Nachtrag, they are not. From pages 51 to 109, Blickle provides a historiographical essay. Neither Blickle nor the publishers have even taken the time to change the years for the research debates in the historiographical essay. For example, on page 68, he wrote that “Der Zusammenhang von “Unruhen” interessanteste Aspekt ist der der Träger- und Führungsschichten bei der Einführung und Durchsetzung der Reformation. In der Diskussion der letzten zehn Jahre war das eine der leitenden Fragestellungen der Reformationsgeschichtsforschung.” A student might think that he means a discussion at the beginning of the 21st century, but Blickle is really talking about around 1977. The debates are old and his conclusions are sometimes outdated. The Nachtrag doesn’t help. From pages 109 to 131, Blickle just adds new titles which have appeared since 1987, but he does not reflect on new approaches to uprisings and how his interpretations might have changed. He doesn’t mention gender. Furthermore, when he originally wrote the book, GDR historians had made a major impact on how we interpret unrest. Since the fall of the Berlin Wall, Marxism doesn’t have the same heft as it did when he wrote the book. Despite being akualisiert and erweitert, it is the same classic from a generation ago, but here that is a mixed blessing. – Ninness Allgemeines 12 8 Christian Jaser, Ute Lotz-Heumann, and Matthias Pohlig (eds.): Alteuropa – Vormoderne – Neue Zeit, Epochen und Dynamiken der europäischen Geschichte (1200- 1800). Berlin: Duncker & Humblot 2012. – This collection of essays discusses periodization with the Alteuropa concept at the center of discussion. It is dedicated to Heinz Schilling and was aptly published by the Zeitschrift für historische Forschung, a journal dedicated to bridging the medieval and early modern periods. A few scholars in the volume engage Alteuropa seriously. Gerd Schwerhoff and Christian Jaser’s essays provide good discussions of the concept. In preparation for a new edition of his Geschichte der europäischen Expansion, Wolfgang Reinhard integrates Alteuropa into his current work. For him, the Age of Expansion has medieval roots, but he also raises good questions about 1800 as an end point as does Jan-Friedrich Missfelder when he discusses the soundscape of modern times. Although Alteuropa is at the center of the discussion, the volume titled Alteuropa – Vormoderne – Neue Zeit gives its authors a wide berth to write on various aspects of periodization. For example, Thomas Brady’s essay discusses the Reformation in history and its loss of significance for Europe as Christianity noticeably becomes less important. This collection of essays provides insights on periodization but, in fact, more reflection is necessary. Many of the authors in the book are satisfied with the concept of early modern Europe as if it is an orthodoxy, but the lineage of this field in academia even needs clarification, especially, since its popularity did not result until the nineteen-seventies. Alteuropa is further worth discussion because it is clear to professionals that 1500 is an artificial temporal boundary between medieval and early modern history. Medievalists comment that the late Middle Ages or even the High Middle Ages may have more in common with the early modern period than with the early Middle Ages. The importance of this is clear for Luther and the Reformation as Volker Leppin points out. Thus, in this light, it is unfortunate that no medievalist participated in the volume (pgs. 22-23). Medievalists like Jacques Le Goff, and R.I. Moore have considered a long Middle Ages, or Richard Southern and Robert Bartlett have provided important books on the origins of the phenomenon without calling it Alteuropa, though Robert von Friedeburg sees the important function of Alteuropa as separating the nineteenth from the twentieth centuries (pg. 158). Despite a wide variety of views on periodization and complaints about the reductionist nature of dividing history into periods, this collection of essays contributes to a useful discussion because periodization is a necessary part of the reconstruction of the past, and it has historians reflect on their profession. The concept of Alteuropa will probably not change how we do history in any meaningful way but remains a useful parallel framework to the tripartite division of history. – Ninness 9 Matthias Phlig, Ute Lotz-Heumann, Vera Isaiasz, Ruth Schilling, Heike Bock, Stefan Ehren- preis (Hgg.): Säkularisierungen in der Frühen Neuzeit. Methodische Probleme und empirische Fallstudien(Zeitschrift für Historische Forschung Beiheft 41). Berlin: Duncker & Humblot 2008. Broschur, 411 Seiten. – Kaum ein Beitrag zur frühneuzeitlichen Ge- schichte und ihrer methodischen Reflexion kommt ohne den Begriff der Säkularisation aus. Je länger je weniger lassen sich einheitliche Überzeugungen oder gar ein Forschungskon- sens umrei?en. In einem ersten Teil skizziert Matthias Pohlig die bisherige Begriffsverwen- dung und setzt diese Skizze teilweise im Bereich B fort, der mit „eine kurze Geschichte der Säkularisierungsthese“ überschrieben ist. Hier werden zunächst die Thesenentwicklung in Religionssoziologie und Geschichtsphilosophie sowie schließlich in Germanistik, Wissen- schafts- und Kustgeschichte knapp dargestellt. Der vierte Unterabschnitt dieses Kapitels widmet sich sodann der historiographischen Rekonstruktion im Feld der frühen Neuzeit. Ein abschließender fünfter Unterabschnitt macht die hohe Komplexität und das Wortfeld inclusive seiner Komplementär und Gegenbegriffe deutlich. Der dritte Hauptteil widmet 13 Allgemeines sich entsprechend dem methodischen Credo eine mikrohistorische, kleinteilige Analyse zu versuchen, Bereichen der frühneuzeitlichen Geschichte, in denen Säkularisierungsprozesse beobachtet werden können: das französische Königtum (Ruth Schilling), Konversionen in Zürich (Heike Bock), der lutherische Kirhenbau (Vera Isaiasz), dem Schulwesen und den darin verwandten Büchern (Stefan Ehrenpreis), der Badekultur des 18. Jahrhunderts (Ute Lotz-Heumann) und apokalyptischen Szenarien des Weltendes (Matthias Pohlig). Die Auswahl dieser Schwerpunktsetzung ergibt sich aus den aktuellen Forschungsarbeiten der beteiligten Autorinnen und Autoren, die zeitweilig alle in der ersten Förderphase des Berli- ner Sonderforschungbereiches 640 „Repräsentationen sozialer Ordnungen im Wandel“ mit dem thematischen Schwerpunkt „Religiöse und säkulare Repräsentationen im frühneuzeitli- chen Europa“ beschäftigt waren. – Das Abschlußkapitel fasst in der Autorschaft aller Beiträger die Ergebnisse zusammen. Neben zahlreichen Ergänzungen der gegenwärtigen Theorieentfaltung bieten sie hier vor allem historiographische Anregungen zur weiteren Arbeit sowie eine präzise Problemskizze, die ebenfalls für künftige Forschungen unver- zichtbar sein dürfte. Der Hinweis auf die Komplexität des Theoriekonzepts und seine alles andere als einheitliche Verwendung dürfte nicht verwundern. Wohl aber die Perspektiven einer systematischen Zusammenführung, die den mikrohistorischen Untersuchungen im- mer noch gerecht wird. – Wriedt 10 Günter Vogler: Signaturen einer Epoche, Beiträge zur Geschichte der frühen Neu- zeit. Berlin: Weidler 2012. – This collection of essays has work from Vogler from 1967 to 2011. There is no essay from the editor placing Vogler in the development of social history in the sixties, his role as an East German historian or later as a historian in the new Germany after the fall of the Berlin Wall. The volume consists of his selected essays divided under five headings and his bibliography at the end of the book. – The first heading and the most important section deals with the early bourgeois revolution (frühbürgerliche Revolution). The second section has essays on Martin Luther and Thomas Müntzer followed by further essays on the Reformation and figures from the sixteenth century. The essays under heading four are devoted to the Peasants War. The last section has essays pertaining to absolutism. It is odd that the volume does not reprint his key essays from the seventies and eighties on the frühbürgerliche Revolution. But it reproduces later essays. Vogler was a major GDR historian. In the most important essays in the volume, he takes another look at the frühbürgerliche Revolution with the distance provided by the fall of the Berlin wall. Historians no longer focus on this theory – just as historians are skeptical of confessionalization. But its legacy cannot be doubted. In the early 60s, GDR historians confronted the Luther Renaissance in West Germany, and a research devoted to great men. East German historians were strongly influenced by materialism which drove their thinking. From the sixties for nearly three decades they refined this concept and made a lasting contribution to our understanding of German history in the sixteenth century which also changed how we do history. The frühbürgerliche Revolution brought attention to other actors who had largely been ignored and contributed to the formation of social history. In his later essays, Vogler agrees that the frühbürgerliche Revolution might be passé, which might not be so bad since it remained in the straightjacket of materialism and was a product of the institutionalization of Marxist history in the GDR, but these reprinted articles document Vogler’s contribution to the research of the Peasants War and the Reformation. – Ninness 11 Ingrid Baumgärtner and Martina Stercken (eds.): Herrschaft verorten. Politische Kartographie im Mittelalter und in der frühen Neuzeit. Zürich: Chronos 2012. – This collection of essays in both English and German focuses on the relationship between political power and cartography for the Middle Ages and the early modern period. The Allgemeines 14 essays argue that a map is never just a neutral representation of an area. Maps document and demonstrate political power and present how a political entity imagines its surroundings. Essays deal, for example, with England, Italy, and Switzerland. There is even a map of Vienna during the siege by the Turks in 1529. Further praiseworthy is that along with politics the essays acknowledge a tradition in cartography which influenced the work of mapmakers. Francesca Foirani makes a particular point of this when discussing world maps. Ingrid Baumgärtner also emphasizes this tradition when discussing maps of the Holy Land. In the case of Burchard von Monte Sion’s Descriptio terrae sanctae, the relationship with politics is not clear since it originated just before the Egyptians expelled the crusaders. Baumgärtner argues convincingly that this collection of maps demonstrated the hope and longing to be in the Holy Land which would help launch a new crusade. Even though the essays deal with maps from the Middle Ages and the early modern period, it is unfortunate that there are no examples of Europe, political power, and cartography in the New World. For example, Patricia Seed claims elsewhere that the Dutch linked discovery to Dutch names of the landscape. Thus Dutch claims were transmitted through maps which by the 1570s were mostly printed in Antwerp and then in Amsterdam. The importance of the New World on cartography aside, the essays do an excellent job of unpacking in cartography what Winfried Nörth describes as “[t]he incompatibilities resulting from these various principles of representation…,” (pg. 353). – Ninness 12 Rainer Babel; Guido Braun; Thomas Nicklas (Hgg.): Bourbon und Wittelsbach. Neuere Forschungen zur Dynastiegeschichte (Schriftenreihe der Vereinigung zur Erforschung der Neueren Geschichte; 33). Münster: Aschendorff 2010. 550 Seiten; Paperback.. – Dynastie bildet neben Konfession ein basales Zugangskriterium für die Erschließung politischen Handelns in der Frühen Neuzeit. Insofern lohnt sich auch für religions- und konfessionsgeschichtliche Arbeiten immer wieder ein genauerer Blick auf dieses Feld. Der Band, der auf zwei Tagungen, die zum einen am Deutschen Historischen Institut in Paris (2006) und zum anderen im Bildungszentrum Kloster Banz (2007) veranstaltet wurden, zurückgeht, vereinigt 21 Beiträge, von denen neun in französischer Sprache verfasst sind. Im Zentrum stehen die im Titel genannten Dynastien, je zwei Beiträge befassen sich zudem mit den Häusern Wettin und Lothringen. Von besonderem Interesse sind jene Aufsätze, die Zusammenhänge zwischen monarchischer bzw. fürstlicher Dynastiepolitik einerseits und Religionspolitik andererseits aufscheinen lassen, so etwa die Untersuchung von Peter Arnold Heuser über die Darstellung des Herzogs von Bayern in der Pariser Gazette. Dass der Kurfürst noch 1644 als Oberhaupt einer bayerischen Liga bezeichnet wurde, die von wichtigen katholischen Reichsständen mitfinanziert wurde, könnte auf ein Wunschdenken des französischen Königshauses, sich langfristig auf einen vom Kaiser unabhängigen katholischen Block der Reichsstände zu stützen, zurückgehen. Rainer Babel und Gerhard Immler gehen u.a. auf den Versuch des Hauses Lothringen ein, die eigene Stellung über eine militante religionspolitische Profilierung zu verbessern. Zu nennen ist hier z.B. die Unterstützung des Herzogs von Bayern im Kölner Krieg seitens Herzog Karl III. und eine Beteiligung an der katholischen Liga seitens des Grafen von Vaudémont, Bruder von Herzog Heinrich II., im Jahre 1615. Olivier Chaline beleuchtet die Gründungen des Klosters Val-de-Grâce in Paris von bourbonischer und der Theatinerkirche in München von wittelsbachischer Seite im Zusammenhang mit den Bedürfnissen beider Dynastien, ihr Fortleben in der Zukunft zu sichern. Josef Johannes Schmid thematisiert dynastische Reichskirchenpolitik im 18. Jahrhundert an den Beispielen der wittelsbachischen Fürsten Franz Ludwig vom Zweig Pfalz-Neuburg und Clemens August vom Zweig Bayern. Der Beitrag von Gabriele Haug-Moritz über den innerdynastischen Konflikt im Haus Wettin und seine mediale Aufarbeitung im 16. Jahrhundert verdeutlicht letztlich noch einmal die 15 Allgemeines Bedeutung religiöser Argumentation in der Publizistik, diesmal teilweise auch im Kontrast zu dynastischen Aspekten. Zum einen wurde der Verrat an der Dynastie durch Spaltung seitens der Kontrahenten in Szene gesetzt und als besonders verwerflich dargestellt. Der seiner Kurwürde verlustig gegangene Vertreter der ernestinischen Linie Johann Friedrich von Sachsen wurde daneben aber auch als Märtyrer seines Glaubens gezeichnet. Die Frage, inwieweit sich Dynastievorstellungen auch langfristig mit konfessionellen Attributen verwoben, würde sich gerade im Vergleich als ein lohnendes Forschungsfeld erweisen. – R.- P. Fuchs 13 Marika Keblusek and Badeloch Vera Noldus (eds.): Double Agents. Cultural and Political Brokerage in Early Modern Europe. Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2011. – In this fascinating and entertaining collection of essays, a double agent is not a person pretending to work as a spy for one government while actually in the employ as a spy for another government. Here its meaning is an individual with two or more functions such as ambassadors as art agents, military men as political agents, merchants as art brokers, or artists and performers as political agents. I will provide a few examples of the nature of the essays pertaining to double agents. Robert Hill writes about Henry Wotton as a double agent as art connoisseur and diplomat whose primary ambition was to attain high office. Henry Wotton was a non-entity who was able to ingratiate himself to his patrons through charm and taste, but by 1612 his career had stalled. Finally in 1624 at the age of 56 Wotton obtained the office of provost of Eton. He was supposedly too poor to even furnish his room and had to suffer the indignity of being arrested in 1629 and 1631 for debt. Despite his lack of success, Hill argues that an increasing appreciation of Italian art in England and his long years in Venice allowed Wotton to become the first Jacobean ambassador to combine his diplomatic role with presenting works of art to the court. It also appears that he achieved influence at court not because of his great skills as a diplomat but because of his knowledge of art. Thomas Kirk deals with Giovanni Andrea Doria (1539-1606), one of the most important admirals in the Spanish fleet, who led ships at the Battle Lepanto. Being a military entrepreneur for the Spanish also allowed him to be the leading politician in Genoa because of the patronage that he controlled. He chose which Genoese financiers to introduce to the Spanish court, and he determined the captains for many of the galleys in the Spanish fleet. Doria like his great uncle was the focal point of relations between the Habsburgs and Genoa. Along with Wotton and Doria, essays deal with artists and a court entertainer as political agents, and merchants as art collectors. The importance of this volume lies in understanding the essential nature of brokerage in early modern society. – Ninness 14 Philippe Büttgen et Christophe Duhamelle (éds.). Religion ou confession. Un bilan franco-allemand sur l’époque moderne (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles). Paris: Editions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme, collection Colloquium, 2010, 609 p. – Ce volume est l’aboutissement d’un colloque international organisé en 2006 à Göttingen par la Mission historique française en Allemagne (aujourd’hui Institut français d’histoire en Allemagne), dans la tradition désormais bien établie des « bilans historiographiques croisés ». L’ensemble des vingt-six contributions consacrées à l’« histoire religieuse » en France et en Allemagne se répartit selon trois sections : (I) Cadres et conditions de l’histoire du religieux à l’époque moderne, (II) Instances, normes et pratiques religieuses à l’époque moderne, (III) Religion, vérité et société. Le lecteur pourra au choix se pencher sur des exposés synthétiques ou des études en binômes permettant de contraster les deux traditions historiographiques. Le grand intérêt de l’ouvrage, au-delà de la qualité intrinsèque de chacun des textes qui le compose, réside dans l’attention permanente accordée au dialogue des perspectives. Aussi le titre, «Religion ou confession», rend-il déjà compte d’un objet difficile à arrêter sans qu’on le Allgemeines 16 réduise, et qui gagne à être abordé d’une multitude de points de vue. Les choix terminologiques sont rigoureusement contextualisés et les ancrages institutionnels rendus manifestes au-delà de la période moderne, ce qui permet de mieux interroger les pratiques contemporaines. La comparaison des approches prend ainsi une dimension constructive, et le bilan s’ouvre en définitive sur l’avenir. On notera que les contributions d’auteurs germanophones ont été traduites vers le français. Le volume ne disposant délibérément pas d’une bibliographie d’ensemble, on se reportera à l’appareil de notes de chaque article. Très riche, cet ouvrage fournira aux historiens modernistes un outil précieux dans leur approche du religieux, tout en confirmant l’intérêt des apports de l’«histoire religieuse» à l’épistémologie des sciences historiques. Liste des auteurs: Dominique Julia, Volker Leppin, Kaspar von Greyerz, Hubert Bost, AndreasHolzem, Philippe Martin, Christophe Duhamelle, Hartmut Kühne, Manfred Jakubowski-Tiessen, Bernard Dompnier, Nicolas Lyon-Caen, Axel Gotthard, Claire Gantet, Birgit Emich, Alain Tallon, Anne Bonzon, Claudia Ulbrich, Philippe Büttgen, Christian Grosse, Thomas Kaufmann, Stefan Ehrenpreis, Patrice Veit, Denis Crouzet, Pierre-Antoine Fabre, Angelika Schaser, Etienne François. – Kolakowski 15 Berndt Hamm: Abschied vom Epochendenken in der Reformationsforschung. Ein Plädoyer, in: Zeitschrift für historische Forschung 39 (2012) 3, S. 373-411. – Grund 16 Anton Schindling: Die Territorien des Reichs im Zeitalter der Reformation und Konfessionalisierung. Zu den Erträgen der KLK-Territorien-Reihe, in: Zeitschrift für bayerische Landesgeschichte 75 (2012) 3, S. 852-42. – Grund 17 Anton Schindling: Wie entsandt die deutsche Konfessionskarte der Jahre 1555 bis 1945? Die Territorien des Reichs und der baltischen Lande im Zeitalter der Reformation und Konfessionalisierung, in: Sebastian Holzbrecher, Torsten W. Müller (Hgg.): Kirchliches Leben im Wandel der Zeiten. Perspektiven und Beiträge der (mittel-)deutschen Kirchenge- schichtesschreibung. Festschrift für Josef Pilvousek (Erfurter Theologische Studien; 104) Würzburg: echter 2013, S. 285-298. – Wriedt 18 Marie Luisa Allemeyer: Fewersnoth und Flammenschwert. Stadtbrände in der Frühen Neuzeit, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2007, 166 Seiten. – Das vorliegende Bändchen von Marie Luisa Allemeyer ist ein konziser Beitrag zum Thema frühneuzeitlicher Stadtbrände in dem mittlerweile umfangreich gewordenen Forschungsfeld vormoderner (Natur-)katastrophen. Seit den 1990er Jahren haben sich Historiker intensiver mit Stadtbränden im besonderen und mit (Natur-)katastrophen im allgemeinen beschäftigt. Während die Bewältigung, Wahrnehmung und Deutung für die Naturkatastrophenfor- schung eine zentrale Rolle gespielt hat, hat sich die Erforschung von Stadtbränden oft auf die physischen Auswirkungen konzentriert (Zerstörung, Wiederaufbau). Vor diesem Hintergrund geht Marie Luisa Allemeyer nun der Frage nach den „Wahrnehmungsweisen, Deutungsmustern und Handlungsdispositionen der betroffenen Menschen“ (15) nach und ist damit weniger an der Ereignisgeschichte von Stadtbränden interessiert als an frühneuzeitlichen Mentalitäten und Lebenswelten. – In den beiden Teilen der Studie stellt die Autorin (1) quasi idealtypisch das Spektrum frühneuzeitlicher Wahrnehmungen und Deutungen von Stadtbränden vor, um dann (2) tatsächliche Umgangsweisen mit der „Fewersnoth“ in den Blick zu nehmen. Dafür greift sie auf vielfältige Quellen wie Brandpredigten, Chroniken, Selbstzeugnisse, Feuerverordnungen, Brandversicherungen und technische Traktate zurück, benutzt Archivalien aus Rostock, Passau, Regensburg und Goslar sowie zahlreiche gedruckte Schriften. In beiden Teilen wird eine Bandbreite unterschiedlicher, nebeneinander existierender Wahrnehmungs- und Handlungsweisen deutlich. Während die Deutung des Stadtbrandes als Gottesstrafe durch die Frühe Neuzeit und durch alle Quellen hindurch eine zentrale Rolle spielte, wurden gleichzeitig weltliche Ursachen – etwa das Fehlverhalten von Bürgern und Obrigkeiten – geltend gemacht, 17 Allgemeines wurden polizeyliche Maßnahmen für den Brandfall veranlasst, Versicherungen abgeschlossen und technische Instrumente zur Feuerverhütung und Schadensbegrenzung empfohlen. Anhand zahlreicher Beispiele analysiert die Autorin die vielfältigen Varianten dieser Wahrnehmungs- und Reaktionsweisen sowie den Kampf um die Deutung der Stadtbrände. Das Nebeneinander von christlich-metaphysischer Deutung, Erkenntnis weltlichen Ursachen und Empfehlung technischer Maßnahmen interpretiert sie dabei als „Widersprüchlichkeit“, der die Menschen im 17. Jahrhundert nicht nachspürten (8, 61, 139); – eine These, die wie Allemeyer selbst betont einer modernen Sicht entspringt. Sie kann für die frühneuzeitliche Gesellschaft nicht greifen, denn die Gleichzeitigkeit von Religiösem und Säkularem scheint doch geradezu ein Signum der Zeit zu sein. Folgerichtig beschließt Marie Luisa Allemeyer die Studie mit dem Befund, dass die unterschiedlichen Umgangsformen und Deutungen des Feuers als miteinander vereinbar und komplementär von den Zeitgenossen wahrgenommen wurden. – Insgesamt eine informative und gut informierte, klare und konsequent auf die lebensweltliche Perspektive zugeschnittene Arbeit, die einen guten Zugang zur Katastrophenforschung bietet. – Siebenhüner

2 RELIGION UND KIRCHE

2. 1 Vor der Reformation

19 Wendy Love Anderson. The Discernment of Spirits (Spätmittelalter, Humanismus, Reformation, 63). Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2011. 266 pages. Indeces of sources, names, subjects. – A. comes down pretty hard on historians who, up to the late twentieth century, have emphasized the continuity of late medieval literature about the discernment of spirits with patristic and medieval tradition. It is insufficient “to privilege famous figures . . . and to harmonize patristic, medieval, and modern doctrine at all costs” (4), she says, and all of us would agree. But a main point of this book is an argument for continuity. Late medieval discernment literature was a genre invented by Henry of Friemar when he wrote his „De quattuor instinctibus“ at the beginning of the fourteenth century; the genre was advanced when Henry of Langenstein wrote his „De discretione spirituum“ near the end. More or less recent scholars writing in English have used this literature to document the growth of misogny and the similarities of demon possession and mysticism in late medieval Europe (Voaden, Caciola, Elliott, Sluhovsky), mostly ignoring earlier sources. Anderson argues that the tradition has its root firmly planted in ancient Christianity (chapter 1) and is closely related to the rise of mendicant spirituality in the thirteenth century (chapter 2). Like the Gerson scholar Brian Patrick McGuire, she believes late medieval contributors to this tradition should not be seen as clerical oppressors or men constraining women. They were rather carrying out “a visionary project,” producing a discourse, and negotiating symbolic power and authorities. In the bulk of the book, Anderson examines a larger cast of characters than most who have ventured here. The cast includes Henry of Friemar, Henry Suso, Johannes Tauler, Jan van Ruusbroec, Birgitta of Sweden, Catherine of Siena, Pedro of Aragon, Pierre d’Ailly, Henry of Langenstein, and Jean Gerson. Their diverse circumstances, the links of discretio with visionary experience and prophecy, and a certain open-ended quality to discernment theory made theirs a multi-directional science, the author explains. But the judicial quality of Gerson’s work seems to have encouraged the Religion und Kirche 18 more rigid approaches of sixteenth-century Protestant and Catholic theologians to divine inspiration, argues Anderson, who is quick to point out that Anabaptists, alumbrados, and Quietists show that debate continued well beyond late medieval Europe. – Ocker 20 Ernst Walter Zeeden: Faith and Act. The Survival of Medieval Ceremonies in the Lutheran Reformation. Trans. Kevin G. Walker. St. Louis: Concordia, 2012. 147 pages. Index of persons, places, territories; index of subjects. – This welcome translation of Zeeden’s „Katholische Überlieferungen in den lutherischen Kirchenordnungen des 16. Jahrhunderts“ (1959) is only the second work of the important, mid-century Catholic Reformation historian to be translated into English. It is a brief but comprehensive account of liturgies, quasi-liturgical customs (e.g. processions, pilgrimages, bell-ringing), rites of exclusion (excommunication), management of clergy, and discipline of abuses, as these things are evident in sixteenth-century Protestant church orders, or in the church orders available as of 1959. Emil Sehling, editor of the Evangelische Kirchenordnungen, began publication in 1902. The series was suspended in 1913 and resumed in 1955, suspended again in 1980, and taken up recently by a research group of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences – new editions appearing in the last two years with further volumes planned. Zeeden’s excellent entrée to this source emphasizes the continuities of traditional and reformed practices. How strange that the church orders are still so completely neglected. Fifteen years ago, their promise was demonstrated by Sebastian Kreiker’s Armut, Schule, Obrigkeit: Armenversorgung und Schulwesen in den evangelischen Kirchenordnungen des 16. Jahrhunderts (1997) and more recently by a dissertation at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley by Bradley Arthur Peterson on the treatment of monasticism in the church orders (2008). One hopes this translation will move more people to put a hand to the plough. – Ocker 21 Andreas Odenthal, Erwin Frauenknecht: Der Liber Ordinarius des Speyerer Domes aus dem 15. Jahrhundert (Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe, Abt. 67, Kopialbücher 452). Zum Gottesdienst eines spätmittelalterlichen Domkaptiels an der Saliergrablege (Liturgiewissenschaftliche Quellen und Forschungen, 99). Münster: Aschendorff, 2012. 185 pages. Bibliography. Index of incipits; index of persons, offices, functions, liturgical seasons and feasts; index of places and subjects; architectural profile and floorplan of the thirteenth- century cathedral of Speyer. - This is an edition of the cathedral of Speyer’s liber ordinarius, written between 1438 and 1470 in Latin and German and preserved in a single manuscript of the state archive in Karlsruhe. Only portions have been edited before. A “production manual” coordinating liturgical books, actors, and actions, it is a valuable source not only for studying the cathedral’s ceremonial life but also the cathedral’s design. This slender volume joins a growing number of modern editions of libri ordinarii. Recent editions include: Franz Kohlschein’s edition of the Paderborn liber ordinarius of 1324, Peter Witwer’s edition of the Zurzach liber of c. 1370, Ferdinando dell’Oro’s edition of the liber of Milan, Adalbert Kurzeja’s edition of the fourteenth-century liber of Trier, Heidi Leuppi’s edition of the liber of Zurich’s Grossmünster, etc. The editors’ informative introduction places the Speyer liber in the context of recent scholarship on this genre, establishes the manuscript’s date, and examines its importance for studying four things: the memorial rites of the Salian rulers famously buried in the cathedral, the cathedral’s stational liturgy, the medieval cathedral’s many altars, and the cathedral’s particular festivals and processions. Some of the marginalia, carefully included in the edition’s footnotes, actually have dates, for example, notes on particular hours of the daily office for the sixth day after the Feast of the Ascension in 1546 (99 n. 316). – Ocker 22 Regula Schmidt. Geschichte im Dienst der Stadt. Amtliche Historie und Politik im Spätmittelalter. Zurich: Chronos, 2009. 357 pages. 3 tables. 5 plates. Index of persons, 19 Vor der Reformation places, and subjects. – This extraordinary study of historical representation in the cities of Freiburg, Bern, Luzern, Zurich, and Basel from 1350 to 1550 includes a thorough account of all relevant chronicles, as one would expect, but Schmidt also offers detailed examination of occasional songs and the visual art, inscriptions, and monuments of town halls. Interpreting media within their spatial contexts and intertextually, Schmidt reconstructs the functions of history, the rhetorical strategies embedded in historical representation, the public effects of historical rhetoric, and much more. This makes for an astonishingly complete and finely textured, locally differentiated view of official history and political communication in these Swiss towns. Schmidt also uncovers a general trend toward increasingly concise, memorable narratives that allow broad groups of the citizenry to identify with histories dominated by the interpretations of the ruling class; a general trend in which historical reasoning increasingly follows learned norms, particularly with regard to sources; a growing role for historical writing alongside the increasing professionalization of urban administration; and the perfectly comparable adaptations of historical arguments by opposing sides during the Reformation. Overall, the reader sees how historical reasoning and communication became a vital element of the city-state’s political imaginary, a link between ruling class and citizenry, and a tool of state-building. – Ocker 23 Nicole Schmenk. Totengedenken in der Abtei Brauweiler. Untersuchung und Edition des Necrologs von 1476 (Veröffentlichungen des Historischen Vereins für den Niederrhein, n.F. 2). Cologne: Böhlau, 2012. 458 pages. Bibliography, indeces of names organized in various ways (e.g. offices and other indications of status, indications of kinship); index of places, 9 tables. – This edition of the Brauweiler abbey’s 1476 necrology from a manuscript in the state archive of Düsseldorf includes the usual introductory matter, a diplomatic edition, an extensive prosopographical commentary, and a systematic study of the memorialization of the dead at the monastery. The author interprets the Brauweiler evidence in the contexts of such memoriae in the Bursfeld reform congregation of the Benedictines and in the Middle Ages overall. The edition presents, of course, a valuable body of evidence for the study of liturgical memoriae in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The necrology also sheds light on the monastery’s early relationship to the dynasty of the monastery’s founders, the Count Palatine Ezzo (d. 1034) and his wife Mathilde (d. 1025), the daughter of the Saxon emperor Otto II. On evidence from the necrology, the author is also able to shed light on Brauweiler’s entrance into the Bursfeld congregation in the fifteenth century, the abbey’s role within the reform movement, and the beginning of Brauweiler’s relationship with the nuns of Neuwerk (1466 at the latest), a relationship that continued throughout the early modern period. – Ocker 24 Dietmar Mieth, Britta Müller-Schauenburg (editors). Mystik, Recht und Freiheit. Religiöse Erfahrung und kirchliche Institutionem im Spätmittelalter. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 2012. 256 pages. Bibliography. Indeces of historical names and works, biblical passages. Chronological index of legal texts cited. – This very smart collection of essays focusses on legal processes applied to cases involving “mystical” experience, although mysticism itself is a term problematized by the editors in their introduction and by several of the contributors. Its authors are mostly interested in the fourteenth century. Eckhart looms large. The first part concentrates on legal procedure in general. Matthias Pulte studies heresy trials in the archdiocese of Cologne from twelfth-century Cathars to a fourteenth-century beghard and the contested Dominicans Meister Eckhart and Thomas of Strasbourg. Martina Wehrli-Johns examines canonistic commentaries on the decree of the Council of Vienne (1311) condemning beguines for Free Spirit heresy. The second part treats particular processes. Jörg Voigt studies the examination of beguines in fourteenth-century Strasbourg. Walter Senner provides a concise, detailed, thoroughly documented overview of the procedures Religion und Kirche 20 against Meister Eckhart. Yoshiki Koda examines the papal process against Eckhart as a conflict involving the differences between German Dominicans and Thomists connected to the papal court in Avignon, Dominicans having played an important role in the persecution of Spiritual Franciscans in southern France. A third part of the book studies problems. Andrés Quero-Sánchez looks at Eckhart’s concept of freedom. Markus Vinzent studies Eckhart’s scepticism about the institutional church. Irene Leicht reconsiders Marguerite Porete’s concept of freedom as an anticipation of Martin Luther’s doctrine of the freedom of the Christian. Diethmar Mieth studies Eckhart’s concept of freedom in his sermons to beguines. A final section looks ahead to the papal schism with a contribution by Britta Müller-Schauenburg on the anti-pope Benedict XIII (Pedro de Luna) and his views of the heresies of Eckhart and Marguerite. All essays in this volume soften dichotomies between experience and law, individual aspiration and institutionalized order. Not to be petty, but these are themes that have preoccuppied a good deal of English-language scholarship on the late Middle Ages. One might think of Amy Hollywood, Nancy Caciola, Dyan Elliott, Brian Patrick McGuire, and Moshe Sluhofsky. It is a little disappointing that none of that work is engaged here, at all. – Ocker 25 Elizabeth A. Lehfeldt: Gender, the State, and Episcopal Authority: Hernando de Talavera and Richard Fox on Female Monastic Reform, in: JMEMS 42:3, 2012, 615-634. – Provides a comparative study on efforts to reform female monasticism in Spain and England at the beginning of the early modern period. – Ninness 26 Erich Meuthen. Das 15. Jahrhundert (Oldenbourg Grundriss der Geschichte, 9). Revised by Claudia Märtl. 5th ed. Munich: Oldenbourg, 2012. 343 pages. Systematic bibliography. Index. – This is a reprinting of the fourth edition, Claudia Märtl’s updated version of Meuthen’s fundamental overview (Literaturbericht 36 (2008), 17. – Ocker 27 Heribert Müller (ed.). Das Ende des konziliaren Zeitalters (1440-1450) (Schriften des Historischen Kollegs, Kolloquien 86). Munich: Oldenbourg, 2012. 352 pages. – M. begins the volume with a perspective on the current state of scholarship on the late period and end of the Council of Basel. Claudia Märtl then brings to light a previously unknown work of Martin Le Franc, famous author of Les champions des dames. The new work, an Augsburg manuscript, presents a dialogue of Jean Bertonneau, preceptor of the canons of St. Anthony in Isenheim and collator of benefices at the Council of Basel, with Peirre de Héronchel, who opposed the council. Märtl’s detailed description of Le Franc’s presentation of their ostensible debate on the council and conciliarism includes generous excerpts from the original with translations. The book then presents sections of small groups of comparable essays. One part treats criticism of Pope Eugenius IV at Basel, before he transferred the Council to Italy (Émilie Rosenblieh), and the policies of Duke Amadeus VIII, the antipope Felix V, to promote the interests of the house of Savoy (Ursula Lehmann). Another part examines the papal court of Eugenius IV during the council (Jürgen Dendorfer) and the effect of the council on the careers of German clergy (Robert Gramsch). The following part considers conciliarism, in the late writings of John of Segovia (Thomas Prügl), in the writings of the Polish theologian Jakob of Pardise (Thomas Wünsch), and in the relations of universities with the council (Jürgen Miethke). A fifth part considers the council and French and Burgundian politics, in the case of Joan of Arc (Philippe Contamine) and in the activity of Burgundian cardinals at the papal court (Werner Paravicini). A final section turns to the end of conciliarism, viewed from the conflicts of the council with Eugenius IV and Felix V (Joachim Stieber) and considered in a review of results from the conference on which this volume is based (Johannes Helmrath), paying particular attention to the switching of viewpoints, from a conciliar to a papalist position, as is best known from the case of Silvio Piccolomini, the future Pope Pius II. – Ocker 21 Vor der Reformation 28 Ronald K. Rittgers. The Reformation of Suffering: Pastoral Theology and Lay Piety in Late Medieval and Early Modern Germany (Oxford Studies in Historical Theology). New York: Oxford, 2012. 482 pages. Bibliography. Indeces of persons and subjects. – Building on his earlier work on confession in the German Reformation, Rittgers offers a thorough account of German, predominantly Lutheran, consolation and pastoral literature, studied in comparison with late medieval theological writing and sixteenth-century autobiographical literature. His treatment of vernacular theological literature coupled with pastoral practice and the individual reflection of historical actors is wonderful. The study argues that the theology of Wittenberg led to a transformation of the culture of suffering. The idea of redemptive suffering was abandoned together with the legitimacy of lament, while gratuitous suffering was, somewhat reluctantly, recognized, but was seen ultimately to refine the self and one’s faith, requiring a believer’s patient endurance and building the inshalla posture (my term) of suffering Protestants and their confessional culture. – Ocker 29 Martin Schneider: Friedrich Reiser, Bischof von Gottes Gnaden der Getreuen die die konstantinische Schenkung verwerfen, in: Jahrbuch für badische Kirchen- und Religionsge- schichte 12 (2012), S. 41-48. – Kurzbiographie und Itinerar des Waldensers und Hussiten Friedrich Reiser (1401-1458). – Grund

2. 2 Luther

30 Luther’s Works: volume 58: Sermons V edited by Christopher Boyd Brown. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House 2010. xxix 489 Seiten, Leinen gebunden mit Schutzumschlag; Volume 59: Prefaces I edited by Christopher Boyd Brown. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House 2012. xl 388 Seiten, Leinen gebunden mit Schutzumschlag; Volume 60: Prefaces II edited by Christopher Boyd Brown. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House 2011. Xviii 365 Seiten, Leinen gebunden mit Schutzumschlag; Volume 69: Sermons on the Gospel on St. John Chapters 17-20 edited by Christopher Boyd Brown. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House 2009. xxix 489 Seiten, Leinen gebunden mit Schutzumschlag;; Volume 75: Church Postil I. Edited by Benjamin T.G. Mayes and James L. Lagebartels. St. Louis: Concordia Publi- shing House 2013. xxxii 460 Seiten, Leinen gebunden mit Schutzumschlag. – Seit mehr als 55 Jahren erscheinen die Bände der amerikanischen Lutherausgabe zunächst betreut von Jaroslav Pelikan und Helmut Lehmann, jetzt unter der Herausgeberschaft von Christopher Brown and Benjamin Mayes. In gleichbleibender Qualität werden Luthers Originalschriften in ein gut lesbares, amerikanischen Sprachgebräuchen angenähertes, gleichwohl aber blei- bend zeitloses Englisch übersetzt. Eine große Zahl von Übersetzern und Bearbeitern zeich- net dafür verantwortlich. Die anzuzeigenden Bände versammeln Predigten, Buchvorreden, sowie den ersten Teil der Kirchenpostille des Wittenberger Reformators. Die amerikanische Lutherausgabe hat von Anfang an nicht versucht, die Systematik der kritischen Weimarer Ausgabe zu übernehmen, sondern wurde selbständig entwickelt. Insofern verbinden sich auch in den vorliegenden Bänden Texte Luthers aus unterschiedlichen Zeiten und zu höchst unterschiedichen Themen. Zusammengehalten werden sie weniger durch ihre the- matische, als ihre formale Zusammengehörigkeit. Das macht die vergleichende Arbeit schwierig, denn die bisher WA, LW, Erlangener und andere Ausgaben synoptisch erfassen- de Konkordanz von Heinrich Vogel aus dem Jahre 1983 erfasst diese neuen Ausgaben nicht mehr.– Alle Bände werden durch Register erschlossen und mit knappen Bibliogra- phien versehen, so dass eine weitereführende Arbeit möglich bleibt. Dies ist der amerikani- schen Lutherforschung und Reformationsgeschichtsschreibung sehr zu wünschen. – Wriedt

UNVERKÄUFLICHE LESEPROBE

Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte - Literaturbericht Jahrgang 42/2013

Paperback, Broschur, 216 Seiten, 15,0 x 22,5 cm ISBN: 978-3-579-08465-7

Gütersloher Verlagshaus

Erscheinungstermin: November 2013

Die führende internationale Zeitschrift zur Erforschung der Reformation und ihrer Weltwirkungen

Das Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte (ARG) ist die führende internationale Zeitschrift zur Erforschung der Reformation und ihrer Weltwirkungen. Das ARG erscheint seit 1906 und wird inzwischen gemeinsam vom Verein für Reformationsgeschichte und der Society for Reformation Research herausgegeben. Das Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte erscheint jährlich mit einem Aufsatzband sowie (seit 1972) einem Beiheft Literaturbericht, das jeweils in etwa 800 kurzen Besprechungen alle wichtigen wissenschaftlichen Veröffentlichungen über die Frühe Neuzeit erfasst und kritisch vorstellt.