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Contemporary Growth on Or Publication of S Therapies Resources for Actualizing'human Wholeness *'' *- * ^ rV Contemporary Growth on or publication of S Therapies Resources for Actualizing'Human Wholeness & personal use only. Citati rums. Nutzung nur für persönliche Zwecke. tten permission of the copyright holder. material prohibited without express wri express without prohibited material Propriety of the Erich Fromm Document Center. For Eigentum des Erich Fromm Dokumentationszent Rechteinhabers. des Erlaubnis der schriftlichen – bedürfen von Teilen – auch Veröffentlichungen Howard Clinebell <s ABINGDON Nashville Q> Clinebell, H. J., 1981: Contemporary growth therapies. Resources for actualizing human wholeness, Nashville (Abdingdon Press) 1981, pp. 64-89. U CONTEMPORARY GROWTH THERAPIES: Resources for Actualizing Human Wholeness Copyright © 1981 by Abingdon All rights reserved. on or publication of No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission of the publisher except brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. For information address Abingdon, Nashville, Tennessee. personal use only. Citati rums. Nutzung nur für persönliche Zwecke. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Tomystudents who, over theyears, have also beenmy teachers. CLINEBELL, HOWARD JOHN, 1922- tten permission of the copyright holder. Contemporary growth therapies. Companion volume to the author's Growth counseling. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Psychotherapy. I. Title. RC480.C55 616.89'14 80-24368 ISBN 0-687-09502-6 Quotations from Carl R. Rogers, On Becoming a Person, copyright © 1961 by Houghton Mifflin Company, are reprintedby permission of Houghton Mifflin, material prohibited without express wri express without prohibited material Propriety of the Erich Fromm Document Center. For Eigentum des Erich Fromm Dokumentationszent Rechteinhabers. des Erlaubnis der schriftlichen – bedürfen von Teilen – auch Veröffentlichungen Boston, and Constable Publishers, London. MANUFACTURED BY THE PARTHENON PRESS AT NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Clinebell, H. J., 1981: Contemporary growth therapies. Resources for actualizing human wholeness, Nashville (Abdingdon Press) 1981, pp. 64-89. Contents on or publication of Some Personal Reflections About This Book 9 An Overview: Growth Counseling and the Five personal use only. Citati Streams of Psychotherapy I5 rums. Nutzung nur für persönliche Zwecke. Chapter 1 tten permission of the copyright holder. Growth Resources in Traditional Psychotherapies 23 Sigmund Freud and the Ego Analysts Chapter 2 Growth Resources in Traditional Psychotherapies 49 Alfred Adler and Otto Rank Chapter 3 material prohibited without express wri express without prohibited material Propriety of the Erich Fromm Document Center. For Eigentum des Erich Fromm Dokumentationszent Rechteinhabers. des Erlaubnis der schriftlichen – bedürfen von Teilen – auch Veröffentlichungen Growth Resources in Traditional Psychotherapies 64 Erich Fromm, Karen Horney, Harry Stack Sullivan Chapter 4 Growth Resources in Traditional Psychotherapies 90 Carl Jung, the Existentialists, Carl Rogers Chapter 5 Growth Resources in Behavior-Action Therapies ^7 Clinebell, H. J., 1981: Contemporary growth therapies. Resources for actualizing human wholeness, Nashville (Abdingdon Press) 1981, pp. 64-89. 13 •udxiimatt^AurfiMUa ...'Hi l'8 L--a*«MM*Mi Chapter 6 Growth Resources in Transactional Analysis 757 Some Personal Reflections Chapter 7 About This Book Growth Resources in Gestalt Therapy 769 Chapter 8 Growth Resources in Holistic Health, Biofeedback, and Body Therapies 188 Chapter 9 on or publication of Growth Resources in Family Systems Therapies 214 Chapter 10 Growth Resources in Feminist Therapies 237 As I get in touch with my feelings about the subject of this book, an image forms in my mind. I see a beautiful mountain personal use only. Citati Chapter 11 meadow in the highSierras in early summer not longafter the rums. Nutzung nur für persönliche Zwecke. Growth Resources in Psychosynthesis 263 last snow has melted. The meadow is filled with wildflowers. It Conclusion: The Risks of Growth—Using These is a riot of breathtaking colors! We who do counseling and tten permission of the copyright holder. Resources for Your Continuing Growth 281 therapy are fortunate indeed to be living in a time when new Notes 285 methods of healing and growth are blossomingas never before. New innovative therapies and fresh developments in older Index 299 therapies are springing up like the flowers in a mountain meadow. Many of these therapeutic approaches offer rich resources for nurturing growth toward wholeness in ourselves and in others. The purpose of this book is to highlight and make readily material prohibited without express wri express without prohibited material Propriety of the Erich Fromm Document Center. For Eigentum des Erich Fromm Dokumentationszent Rechteinhabers. des Erlaubnis der schriftlichen – bedürfen von Teilen – auch Veröffentlichungen available in oneplace theresources for personaland relational growth in a variety of contemporary psychotherapies. Each chapter will seek to open a window through which the growth insights and methods of a particular therapy or cluster of therapies can be seen, understood, and appropriated for use in counseling and therapy, in growth groups and creative education. No attempt will be made in these pages to give a comprehensive exposition of the theoriesand methodsofanyof the therapies. Such in-depth discussions of these therapies are readily available elsewhere. Because of space limitations, Clinebell, H. J., 1981: Contemporary growth therapies. Resources for actualizing human wholeness, Nashville (Abdingdon Press) 1981, pp. 64-89. Chapter 3 ERICH FROMM, KAREN HORNEY, HARRY STACK SULLIVAN which cultures constrict or nurture human individuation (Fromm's term for potentializing) and his discussion of the gTT-^T,->-;rayg;f ^ssswmemsrm^mws: importance of existential-philosophical-religious factors in all Growth Resources in humangrowth. Frommgives psychoanalysis a broad philosophi Traditional Psychotherapies caland cross-cultural orientation that providesa freshcontextfor growth work. Erich Fromm, Karen Horney, His discussion begins with a description of the existential Harry Stack Sullivan dilemma that we human beings face. Humans are animals who have lost our instincts (our fixed, inborn patterns of response) and have developed reason, self-awareness, and autonomy to replace them. We are freaks of nature. Deep within us there is a on or publication of nostalgia for our "lost Edens," the primitive unity with nature and the herd that we have lost in our evolutionary develop Resources from Erich Fromm ment. Thus there is a two-way pull within us—toward autonomy and individuation, on the one hand, and toward Erich Fromm was born in Frankfurt, Germany, in 1900. He conformity and merging our identity with the group on the studied sociology and psychology at the universities of Frankfurt personal use only. Citati and Munich and Heidelberg, and was trained in psychoanalysis at other. This creates a continuing conflict between the need to rums. Nutzung nur für persönliche Zwecke. the Psychoanalytic Institute in Berlin. He came to the United becomeour autonomousselves and the need to feela part of the States in 1934 and was affiliated with the International Institute larger whole. tten permission of the copyright holder. for Social Research in New York until 1939. In 1941 he joined the In Fromm's thought, as in Adler's, Horney's, and Sullivan's, faculty of Bennington College. In 1951 he became a professor at human beings are essentially social. Our culture molds our the National University of Mexico. For a number of years Fromm basic personal pattern and determines our degree of wholeness. lived and wrote in Cuernavaca, Mexico. His death in March, Each society tends to produce what Fromm calls a "social 1980, at his home in Muralto, Switzerland, ended the career of character,"a common personality corethat isrequired to cope one of the most creative thinkers and prolific psychoanalytic with that society. This pattern is created in individual children writers of our times. by the way they are reared. Our self-awareness, thoughit helps define whatisunique and material prohibited without express wri express without prohibited material Propriety of the Erich Fromm Document Center. For Eigentum des Erich Fromm Dokumentationszent Rechteinhabers. des Erlaubnis der schriftlichen – bedürfen von Teilen – auch Veröffentlichungen When I was a student at Columbia University in the late 1940s, preciousabout beinghuman,alsorendersuspreytoguiltand to Fromm was a resource person for a small cross-discipline group of the anxiety stemming from our existential aloneness and our faculty and graduate students who met regularlyto discuss papers mortality. The inherent dichotomies of the human situations— on the relationship of religion and health. I recall the excitement e.g., autonomy vs. belonging, life vs. death—are bearable only that I experienced when he presented his ideas and interacted within asense ofmeaning andasense ofcommunity with others with members of our group on two occasions.Through the years, whoshareour existential fate. Whenpeopleare alienatedfrom my thought and practice have been influenced repeatedly by the a communityofshared meanings,ascountlessmillions noware, insights of this therapist-theoretician. theinescapable human dichotomies become unbearable. They Fromm's major contributions to growth-oriented teachers, produce a variety of destructive problems and
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