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A Study of the Application of the Concepts of Karen Horney in Leadership Development Within the National Management Association of the Boeing Company

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A Study of the Application of the Concepts of Karen Horney in Leadership Development Within the National Management Association of the Boeing Company Pepperdine University Pepperdine Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations 2010 A study of the application of the concepts of Karen Horney in leadership development within the National Management Association of the Boeing company Frank Z. Nunez Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/etd Recommended Citation Nunez, Frank Z., "A study of the application of the concepts of Karen Horney in leadership development within the National Management Association of the Boeing company" (2010). Theses and Dissertations. 90. https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/etd/90 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Pepperdine Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Pepperdine Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Pepperdine University Graduate School of Education and Psychology A STUDY OF THE APPLICATION OF THE CONCEPTS OF KAREN HORNEY IN LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE NATIONAL MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION OF THE BOEING COMPANY A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education in Organizational Change by Frank V. Nunez November, 2010 Susan Nero, Ph.D.– Dissertation Chairperson This dissertation, written by Frank V. Nunez under the guidance of a Faculty Committee and approved by its members, has been submitted to and accepted by the Graduate Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION Doctoral Committee: Susan Nero, Ph.D., Chairperson Rogelio Martinez, Ed.D. Kent Rhodes, Ph.D. © Copyright by Frank V. Nunez (2010) All Rights Reserved TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ vii VITA ................................................................................................................................ viii ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... ix Chapter One: The Problem ..................................................................................................1 Background ............................................................................................................. 1 Definition of Terms................................................................................................. 5 Conceptual Approach.............................................................................................. 7 Horney’s psychoanalytic theory ..................................................................7 Problem Statement ................................................................................................ 12 Assumptions .......................................................................................................... 12 The Purpose of This Study .................................................................................... 13 The Research Question ......................................................................................... 13 Overview of Methodology .................................................................................... 14 Interview design .........................................................................................14 Workshop design .......................................................................................14 Chapter Two: Literature Review .......................................................................................16 Background ........................................................................................................... 16 Theories of Human Development ......................................................................... 18 The Human Growth Psychology of Horney ..............................................19 The developmental psychology of Robert Kegan ......................................22 The integral philosophy of Ken Wilber .....................................................26 The role of anxiety in human development ...............................................28 The role of culture in human development ................................................37 Self-Awareness ..................................................................................................... 39 The self ..................................................................................................40 Ideas of an authentic self............................................................................43 Ideas of an idealized self ............................................................................47 The need for self-awareness .......................................................................52 Leadership Development ...................................................................................... 57 Definitions of leadership ............................................................................57 The need for leadership ..............................................................................59 The need for leadership development ........................................................61 The need for self-understanding in leadership development .....................62 Authentic leadership ..................................................................................64 The relationship of leadership to the idealized self ...................................66 v Page Summary ............................................................................................................... 70 Contribution of the Study...................................................................................... 73 Chapter Three: Methodology and Procedures ...................................................................75 Research Participants ............................................................................................ 76 Participant selection ...................................................................................77 Demographics ....................................................................................................... 78 Participant notification ...............................................................................79 Ethical issues ..............................................................................................79 Workshop Design.................................................................................................. 80 Design rationale .........................................................................................80 Limitations and delimitations ....................................................................86 Data Collection and Analysis Methods................................................................. 87 Workshop methods ....................................................................................88 Postworkshop methods ..............................................................................89 Limitations and delimitations ....................................................................94 Validity and Reliability ......................................................................................... 95 Chapter Four: Results ........................................................................................................97 Workshop Assessment .......................................................................................... 97 Workshop ratings .......................................................................................98 Workshop comments .................................................................................99 Postworkshop Assessment—Behavioral Change Outcomes .............................. 103 Summary and Findings ....................................................................................... 121 Finding 1: Participants reported no great difficulties in learning the Horney concepts ...............................................................121 Finding 2: Participants gave the basic anxiety, the idealized self, and the self-defeating cycle the highest ratings of significance in their behavioral change attempts ...................122 Finding 3: Not all Horney concepts are as easily translatable to leadership development usefulness ....................................122 Finding 4: Participants gave the three movements of people the lowest rating of significance in their behavioral change attempt .......................................................................123 Finding 5: Participants demonstrated great difficulty responding to the data collection methodology ........................................123 Finding 6: Participant comments support the idea that the basic anxiety, the three movements of people, the idealized self, and the self-defeating cycle can act as forces that prevent leadership growth ......................................................124 Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 124 vi Page Chapter Five: Discussion .................................................................................................127 General Observations .......................................................................................... 127 Conclusions ........................................................................................................
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