Overview of Sullivan's Theory
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Marxism in the Works of Erich Fromm and the Crisis of Socialism Enzo
Propriety of the Erich Fromm Document Center. For personal use only. Citation or publication of mate- rial prohibited without express written permission of the copyright holder. Eigentum des Erich Fromm Dokumentationszentrums. Nutzung nur für persönliche Zwecke. Veröffentli- chungen – auch von Teilen – bedürfen der schriftlichen Erlaubnis des Rechteinhabers. Marxism in the Works of Erich Fromm and the Crisis of Socialism Enzo Lio Paper presented as a first draft on the seminar of the International Erich Fromm Society on Charac- ter Structure and Society, Janus Pannonius University, Pécs/Hungary, August 24-26, 1990. - First published in the Yearbook of the International Erich Fromm Society, Vol. 2: Erich Fromm und die Kritische Theorie, Münster: LIT-Verlag, 1991, pp. 250-264. Copyright © 1991 and 2011 by Dr. Enzo Lio, Vicolo Quartirolo 5, I-40121 Bologna, Italy; E-Mail: en- zo.lio[at-symbol]@tele2.it. - Translation from Italian by Susan Garton, Bologna. 1. Introduction che is the product of the collective life history of humankind. This constitutes a scientifically valid The crisis of socialism, in the light of the histori- approach within the tradition of humanistic cal events that have provoked its downfall in thought insofar as, by using modern and effi- Eastern Europe, had already been discussed in cient scientific tools (psychoanalysis and the so- our Fromm Institute in Bologna, at the end of cial sciences) a closer and deeper investigation of 1989. Romano Biancoli maintained that Fromm the needs and motivations of human beings is had been proved right in his vision of Marxism possible. and of real socialism. I realized that, if Fromm The starting point for Fromm’s research is were still alive he would not be surprised by this precisely this, the search for the real and deep turn of events, which he hopes for in all his motives behind human action. -
8. Erich Fromm's Social-Psychological
RUDOLF SIEBERT 8. ERICH FROMM’S SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY OF RELIGION Toward the X-Experience and the City of Being INTRODUCTION1 This essay explores Erich Fromm’s social-psychological theory of religion, as X- experience and longing for the City of Being, as being informed by the Hebrew Bible, the New Testament, Meister Eckhart as well as Georg W.F Hegel, Karl Marx, and Sigmund Freud. Its religious attitude constituted the very dynamic of Fromm’s writings, as well as of those of the other critical theorists of society, e.g. Max Horkheimer, Theodor W. Adorno, Walter Benjamin, Leo Loewenthal, Herbert Marcuse, etc., It united them. It could only be expressed in poetical symbols: the X-experience; or the longing for the imageless, nameless, notionless utterly Other than the horror and terror of nature and history; or the yearning for perfect justice and unconditional love: that the murderer may not triumph over the innocent victim, at least not ultimately. Man begins to become man only with the awakening of this longing for the entirely Other, or the X-experience. This religious attitude aims as idology at the destruction of all idolatry. In the Near East –––––––––––––– 1 Editors’ note-The author’s use of Fromm’s concept of “x-experience” comes from this passage in his work: What we call the religious attitude is an x that is expressible only in poetic and visual symbols. This x experience has been articulated in various concepts which have varied in accordance with the social organization of a particular cultural period. In the Near East, x was expressed in the concept of a supreme tribal chief, or king, and thus „God” became the supreme concept of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, which were rooted in the social structures of that area. -
A Study of the Application of the Concepts of Karen Horney in Leadership Development Within the National Management Association of the Boeing Company
Pepperdine University Pepperdine Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations 2010 A study of the application of the concepts of Karen Horney in leadership development within the National Management Association of the Boeing company Frank Z. Nunez Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/etd Recommended Citation Nunez, Frank Z., "A study of the application of the concepts of Karen Horney in leadership development within the National Management Association of the Boeing company" (2010). Theses and Dissertations. 90. https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/etd/90 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Pepperdine Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Pepperdine Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Pepperdine University Graduate School of Education and Psychology A STUDY OF THE APPLICATION OF THE CONCEPTS OF KAREN HORNEY IN LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE NATIONAL MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION OF THE BOEING COMPANY A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education in Organizational Change by Frank V. Nunez November, 2010 Susan Nero, Ph.D.– Dissertation Chairperson This dissertation, written by Frank V. Nunez under the guidance of a Faculty Committee and approved by its members, has been submitted to and accepted by the Graduate Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION Doctoral Committee: Susan Nero, Ph.D., Chairperson Rogelio Martinez, Ed.D. Kent Rhodes, Ph.D. © Copyright by Frank V. Nunez (2010) All Rights Reserved TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... -
The Indispensability of Erich Fromm
The Indispensability of Erich Fromm: The Rehabilitation of a "Forgotten" Psychoanalyst Erich Fromm Lecture – International Psychoanalytic University Berlin, October 13, 2016 Peter L. Rudnytsky "Some human beings affect you so deeply that your life is forever changed." – Gérard D. Khoury, "A Crucial Encounter" "Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism, as I understand it. ... It is simply a question of which side one takes and what approach one follows." – George Orwell, "Why I Write" his unjustly tarnished reputation, whose dedi- 1 cated participants include Marco Bacciaga- luppi and Ferenc Erős and that owes every- It always begins for me with an act of reading. thing to Rainer Funk, Fromm’s literary execu- Winnicott’s Playing and Reality (1971), tor and supremely faithful custodian of his Ferenczi’s Clinical Diary (Dupont, 1985), legacy. Groddeck’s Book of the It (1923), Nina Col- tart’s "Slouching towards Bethlehem" (1986), The more I immersed myself in Fromm, the or – to go back to the beginning – Ernest more I was struck by how much my long- Jones’s (1953-1957) biography of Freud and, standing concerns have overlapped with his even before that, Norman O. Brown’s Life and how much I would have benefited had I Against Death (1959): all these have been, for heeded his writings sooner. Shortly before me, life-changing experiences, the most pas- beginning this odyssey, I had published an sionate love affairs in my lifelong romance essay (Rudnytsky, 2014) comparing Freud to with psychoanalysis. -
Sullivan: Interpersonal Theory
CHAPTER 8 Sullivan: Interpersonal Theory B Overview of Interpersonal Theory B Biography of Harry Stack Sullivan B Tensions Needs Anxiety Energy Transformations B Dynamisms Malevolence Intimacy Lust Self-System Sullivan B Personifications Bad-Mother, Good-Mother B Psychological Disorders Me Personifications B Psychotherapy Eidetic Personifications B Related Research B Levels of Cognition The Pros and Cons of “Chums” for Girls and Boys Prototaxic Level Imaginary Friends Parataxic Level B Critique of Sullivan Syntaxic Level B Concept of Humanity B Stages of Development B Key Terms and Concepts Infancy Childhood Juvenile Era Preadolescence Early Adolescence Late Adolescence Adulthood 212 Chapter 8 Sullivan: Interpersonal Theory 213 he young boy had no friends his age but did have several imaginary playmates. TAt school, his Irish brogue and quick mind made him unpopular among school- mates. Then, at age 81/2, the boy experienced an intimate relationship with a 13-year-old boy that transformed his life. The two boys remained unpopular with other children, but they developed close bonds with each other. Most scholars (Alexander, 1990, 1995; Chapman, 1976; Havens, 1987) believe that the relationship between these boys—Harry Stack Sullivan and Clarence Bellinger—was at least in some ways homosexual, but others (Perry, 1982) believed that the two boys were never sexually intimate. Why is it important to know about Sullivan’s sexual orientation? This knowl- edge is important for at least two reasons. First, a personality theorist’s early life his- tory, including gender, birth order, religious beliefs, ethnic background, schooling, as well as sexual orientation, all relate to that person’s adult beliefs, conception of humanity, and the type of personality theory that that person will develop. -
The Transference in the Humanist Perspective of Erich Fromm Jorge
Publikation des Erich-Fromm-Archivs, Tübingen Publication of the Erich Fromm Archive, Tuebingen, Germany Copyright © beim Autor / by the author The Transference in the Humanist Perspective of Erich Fromm Jorge Silva García Paper presented at the Hospital Central Militar in Mexico City on June 21st, 1991. Copyright © 1991 and 2009 by Dr. Jorge Silva García, Joaquín Romo 171, Tlalpan, México, D.F. 14410, México, E-Mail: jsilvag82[at-symbol]prodigy.net.mx. Fromm states (1979 p. 38): flict is his fear of aloneness, often lived as a ceas- “Another crucial concept in Freud's system ing to be, as not being. is that of transference first observed it in the "The transference phenomenon, namely the Case of Anna O. (Breuer and Freud 1893, voluntary dependence of a person on an- and Freud 1910). This concept was the re- other person in authority, because he/she sult of the clinical observation that analy- feels helpless, in need of a leader, of a sands develop a strong tie to the person of strong authority and is ready to submit to the analyst during the treatment. This tie this authority, is one of the most important could of times be love, admiration, attach- phenomena in social life, quite beyond the ment and, at others, a blending of hate, individual family and the analytic situation. opposition and aggression”. Anybody who is willing to see can discover “What makes this transference particu- the tremendous role that transference plays larly interesting is that it grows out of the socially, politically and in religious life. One therapeutic situation rather than out of the has only to look at the faces in a crowd that qualities of the analyst. -
Psychoanalysis and Social Theory - Anthony Elliott
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND THEORETICAL APPROACHES IN SOCIOLOGY - Vol. I - Psychoanalysis and Social Theory - Anthony Elliott PSYCHOANALYSIS AND SOCIAL THEORY Anthony Elliott Flinders University, Australia Keywords: Conscious, unconscious, the decentred subject, "de-psychologization" of the subject, narcissism. utopic dimension, repression, repetition, negativity, repression, drives, representation, trauma, narcissism, denial, displacement: selfhood the Oedipus complex, Frankfurt School, "post-psychological individual", fascism, totalitarian societies, repression- "basic" and "surplus" ,"repressive desublimation” Contents 1. Introduction 2. Freud and the Interpretation of the Social 2.1 Human Subjectivity 2.2 Social Analysis 2.3 Epistemology. 3. The Legacy of Freud 4. Psychopathologies of Rationality: The Frankfurt School 4.1 Erich Fromm 4.2 Herbert Marcuse 5. Contemporary Critical Theory: Habermas's Reading of Freud and the Theorem of Distorted Communication 6. Returning to Freud: Jacques Lacan 7. Advantages and Limitations of Lacan's Theory 8. Lacanian and Post-Lacanian Contexts 9. Feminist Psychoanalytic Criticism 10. Psychoanalysis and Postmodern Theory Acknowledgement Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary Social theory has the task of providing conceptions of the nature of human agency, social UNESCOlife and the cultural products of human– actionEOLSS which can be placed in the services of the social sciences and humanities in general. Among other problems, social theory is concerned with language and the interpretation of meaning, the character of social institutions, theSAMPLE explication of social practices CHAPTERS and processes, questions of social transformation and the like. The reproduction of social life, however, is never only a matter of impersonal "processes" and "structures": it is also created and lived within, in the depths of an inner world, of our most personal needs, passions and desires. -
Transference and Countertransference
Washington Center for Psychoanalysis Psychoanalytic Studies Program, 2018-2019 TRANSFERENCE AND COUNTERTRANSFERENCE 18 December 2018- 19 March 2019 Tuesday: 5:30-6:45 Faculty: David Joseph and Pavel Snejnevski “I believe it is ill-advised, indeed impossible, to treat transference and countertransference as separate issues. They are two faces of the same dynamic rooted in the inextricable intertwining with others in which individual life originates and remains throughout the life of the individual in numberless elaborations, derivatives, and transformations. One of the transformations shows itself in the encounter of the psychoanalytic situation.” Hans Loewald Transference and Countertransference OVERVIEW OF THE COURSE Although it was first formulated by Freud, transference, as we currently understand it, is integral to all meaningful human relationships. In a treatment relationship characterized by the therapist’s professional but friendly interest, relative anonymity, neutrality regarding how patients conduct their lives, non-judgmental attitude, and a shared conviction that associating freely and speaking without censorship will best facilitate the goals of the treatment, patients come to experience the therapist in ways that are powerfully and unconsciously shaped by aspects of earlier important relationships. The patient is often not aware that he is “transferring” these earlier experiences to the therapist but is also often completely unaware of “transferred” reactions to the therapist that only become manifest as the treatment relationship develops. Laboratory experiments in animals demonstrate neurophysiological processes that cast light on the processes that contribute to transference reactions in humans. If a rat is trained to respond negatively to the sound of a bell that is paired with an electric shock, recordings from a single cell in the structure of the brain that responds to fear will indicate nerve firing. -
BJAA Working with Difference
BJAA working with difference Elphis Christopher Response to Anne Zachary’s book “The Anatomy of the Clitoris - Reflections on the Theory of Female Sexuality" I was honoured to be invited to be a discussant of Anne’s book. Anne and I go back a long way, to 1995 when we shared a platform for a BAP conference “A Century of Sex”. She has generously included a part of my presentation in Chapter 5 when discussing her contribution on bisexuality and camp behaviour. Though a slim volume, it is packed with new information and ideas which challenge in the light of new biological information past theoretical understandings of female sexuality. Anne’s wide and deep experience illustrated using her psychoanalytic cases both from private practice and the Portman give it a unique perspective. It is a brave and upfront book and it is difficult to do it justice completely. As I read Anne’s book I reflected on my past experiences as a psychosexual doctor carrying out genital examinations and running psychosexual workshops. Participants at such workshops were invited to give colloquial and often rude words to sex organs e.g. penis: cock, root, for the vagina: fanny, pussy, cunt then the clitoris. This usually produced an embarrassed silence until someone said “The little man in the boat”. An American film made in the 1970s showed a woman with a drink problem having a breakdown. Referring to her sex life she talked of her clit saying “I can’t pronounce it and he (her husband) can’t find it. We were made for each other.” The 1970s also saw the publication of Becoming orgasmic, encouraging women to find their clitoris and self-pleasure. -
The Balance of Personality
The Balance of Personality The Balance of Personality CHRIS ALLEN PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY The Balance of Personality by Chris Allen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. The Balance of Personality Copyright © by Chris Allen is licensed under an Attribution NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International, except where otherwise noted. Contents Preface ix Acknowledgements x Front Cover Photo: x Special Thanks to: x Open Educational Resources xi Introduction 1 1. Personality Traits 3 Introduction 3 Facets of Traits (Subtraits) 7 Other Traits Beyond the Five-Factor Model 8 The Person-Situation Debate and Alternatives to the Trait Perspective 10 2. Personality Stability 17 Introduction 18 Defining Different Kinds of Personality Stability 19 The How and Why of Personality Stability and Change: Different Kinds of Interplay Between Individuals 22 and Their Environments Conclusion 25 3. Personality Assessment 30 Introduction 30 Objective Tests 31 Basic Types of Objective Tests 32 Other Ways of Classifying Objective Tests 35 Projective and Implicit Tests 36 Behavioral and Performance Measures 38 Conclusion 39 Vocabulary 39 4. Sigmund Freud, Karen Horney, Nancy Chodorow: Viewpoints on Psychodynamic Theory 43 Introduction 43 Core Assumptions of the Psychodynamic Perspective 45 The Evolution of Psychodynamic Theory 46 Nancy Chodorow’s Psychoanalytic Feminism and the Role of Mothering 55 Quiz 60 5. Carl Jung 63 Carl Jung: Analytic Psychology 63 6. Humanistic and Existential Theory: Frankl, Rogers, and Maslow 78 HUMANISTIC AND EXISTENTIAL THEORY: VIKTOR FRANKL, CARL ROGERS, AND ABRAHAM 78 MASLOW Carl Rogers, Humanistic Psychotherapy 85 Vocabulary and Concepts 94 7. -
The Greatness and Limitations of Erich Fromm's Humanism
Contemporary Psychoanalysis ISSN: 0010-7530 (Print) 2330-9091 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/uucp20 The Greatness and Limitations of Erich Fromm’s Humanism Mauricio Cortina M.D. To cite this article: Mauricio Cortina M.D. (2015) The Greatness and Limitations of Erich Fromm’s Humanism, Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 51:3, 388-422, DOI: 10.1080/00107530.2015.999297 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00107530.2015.999297 Published online: 18 Sep 2015. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 43 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=uucp20 Download by: [Joshua Davis] Date: 06 November 2015, At: 12:24 Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 2015, Vol. 51, No. 3: 388–422. C William Alanson White Institute of Psychiatry, Psychoanalysis & Psychology and the William Alanson White Psychoanalytic Society ISSN: 0010-7530 print / 2330-9091 online DOI: 10.1080/00107530.2015.999297 MAURICIO CORTINA, M.D. THE GREATNESS AND LIMITATIONS OF ERICH FROMM’S HUMANISM Abstract. Erich Fromm’s most important contribution to “the science of man” and psychoanalysis was the development of an existential humanism. This existen- tial bent was based on his view that the human condition developed over the course of human evolution trans-survival needs for meaning that transcended our biological needs for survival. His second important contribution was a bril- liant Marx–Freud synthesis, which he used to explore how ideologies can mask economic conditions, and how shared social values that are internalized (social character) are adaptive to socioeconomic conditions. -
NEO-FREUDIANS: Harry Stack-Sullivan (Lecture Series-2)
1 NEO-FREUDIANS: Harry Stack-Sullivan (Lecture Series-2) B.A. Ist (Honors) (Paper-IVth : Systems in Psychology) By Dr. Masaud Ansari Department of Psychology, A.P.S.M. College, Barauni L. N. M. University, Darbhanga 22nd OCTOBER 2020 2 Neo-Freudian’s view Freud’s writings were controversial, but they soon attracted followers, mostly young, ambitious physicians who formed an inner circle around their strong minded leader. These pioneering psychoanalysts, whom we often call neo- Freudians, accepted Freud’s basic ideas: the personality structures of id, ego, and superego; the importance of the unconscious; the shaping of personality in childhood; and the dynamics of anxiety and the defense mechanisms. But they broke off from Freud in two important ways. First, they placed more emphasis on the conscious mind’s role in interpreting experience and in coping with the environment. And second, they doubted that sex and aggression were all - consuming motivations. Instead, they tended to emphasize loftier motives and social interactions. 3 Neo-Freudian Neo-Freudian referring to modifications, extensions, or revisions of Freud’s original psychoanalytic theory, most commonly to those that emphasize social, cultural and interpersonal elements rather than innate biological instincts such as sexuality and aggressio. Major theorists described as neo-Freudian are 1. Alfred Adler (1870-1937) 2. Karen Horney (1885-1952) 3. Erich Seligmann Fromm (1900-1980) 4. Harry Stack-Sullivan (1892-1943) 5. Erik Homburger Erikson (1902 –1994) 4 Neo-Freudian’s major Disagreements with Freud 1. Socio-cultural factors determine conflicts, not instincts. 2. Infantile sexuality is of little importance compared to socio-cultural factors.