DOCSLIB.ORG

12.05.08 Special1 S (Editor)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
12.05.08 Special1 S (Editor) DY 18 TUESDAY, MAY 8, 2012 EDITION S VISIT OF PERUVIAN PRESIDENT A meaningful presidential visit for Japan and Peru By Elard Escala ples of both countries have been increasing. Ambassador of Peru For instance, on the economic and commercial level, both economies are now further opening up Peru’s economy: The sun Today, Peruvian President Ollanta Humala and their trade and investment opportunities based on his wife arrive in Asia on an official visit for the first the Agreement on the Promotion and Reciprocal time since President Humala took office last July. Protection of Investments, in force since the end of They have chosen Japan as their gate to this region. 2009, as well as the Economic Partnership Agree- shines over the Andes Three state ministers, government officials and more ment Peru-Japan, in force since March 1 this year. than 30 of Peru’s most Last year’s trade reached $3.3 billion, with a pos- representative busi- itive balance for Peru despite the global financial cri- Since the beginning of the past decade, the economic growth. Second, a large number of sis. Japan’s interest in expanding its portfolio of in- nessmen, members of Peruvian economy has recorded an outstand- structural reforms have been introduced dur- the Peru-Japan Busi- vestments in Peru, for example, in phosphate de- ness Committee, are posits in Bayovar (Piura Province, on the northern ing performance. As a result of rapid growth in ing the last 20 years, drastically increasing the coming along. coast), their participation in a copper and molybde- gross domestic efficiency of the Peruvian economy relative to It is not a coinci- num mining project in Quellaveco (Moquegua product within a its peers in the Latin American region. Among dence that Japan has Province, on the southern coast), as well as in the fi- context of low infla- key reforms are trade and financial liberaliza- nancial sector—with new branches in Lima of Bank been chosen as the tion and sound fis- tion and the privatization of state-owned enter- first Asian country on of Tokyo Mitsubishi and Sumitomo Mitsui Bank— their itinerary. In speak of Peru as a country with many investment op- cal and external ac- prises. 1873, Peru was the portunities, showcasing a strong macroeconomic en- counts, income per For the foreseeable future, the Peruvian first country in Latin vironment and legal stability. Peru has consolidated capita (in dollars) economy is expected to remain one of the most itself as a reliable partner and has turned into a pres- America to establish has almost tripled dynamic economies in Latin America, if not the diplomatic relations tigious attractive business partner for Japan and the with Japan, and in Elard Escala world. in the past 10 years, most dynamic, a status that brings Peru much 1899, Peru became Since our histories and societies are already and the poverty closer to Asian than Latin American standards. the first South American country to receive Japanese linked, we should keep making efforts toward a ratio has sharply de- There is no doubt that international investors immigrants. Since then, very valuable friendships shared future of peace, social inclusion and prosper- clined by about 30 will continue to find attractive opportunities in ity. and cooperation between the governments and peo- percentage points. Alicia Garcia Herrero Peru. The mining sector will continue to be a What has really shining star, Peru being one of the most impor- changed in Peru, tant copper and gold exporters in the world. An- which was on the other opportunity is infrastructure in a broad Profile of President Ollanta Humala brink of disaster by sense (transport, energy and telecommunica- the end of the tions), given Peru’s infrastructure gap of about President Ollanta Humala was born on the Center of Latin American Studies, La 1980s, with huge 40 percent of GDP, or $70 billion. June 27, 1962, and is married to Ms. Nadine Sorbonne University. fiscal deficits, pro- While Peru and Japan have strong long-stand- Heredia. They have three children: Illariy, In 2004, he was appointed as military tracted hyperinfla- ing relations, their economic ties are still embry- Nayra and Samin. attaché at the Peruvian Embassy in the tion and political onic: Japan accounts for just 1 percent of Peru’s In 1979, he began his studies at the Republic of Korea. During that year, he instability? First, total foreign direct investment. In addition, Pe- School of the Peruvian Army Officers, ob- and his wife Nadine visited the city of Hi- Peruvians have re- ruvian exports to Japan represent just 5 percent taining his BA and the title of Officer Brand roshima. alized—after suffer- of the total and are mainly concentrated on min- of Artillery in 1983. In 2005, he and his wife founded the po- ing from a terrible Hugo Perea erals. Imports from Japan are 3.5 percent of total In 2002, he obtained an MA in nation- litical party Partido Nacionalista Peruano. economic situation purchases from abroad but are bound to increase al defense at the School of the Center of He was elected President of the Repub- in the ’80s—that macroeconomic stability is a rapidly with rising demand for durable consumer National Studies. In the same year, he lic of Peru in June 2011. necessary condition for sustained growth. This goods for Peru’ s fast-growing middle class, began pursuing an MA in political science The Peruvian government decorated explains the number of rules that have been namely cars and electronic appliances. The free at the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Humala on July 20, 2011, with Peru’s high- established to restrict the authorities’ discre- trade agreement signed last year between Japan Peru. est honor, “Orden del Sol” Grade of Great tion on the fiscal and monetary side. and Peru should be the trigger point for such In 2003, he was appointed military at- Cross with Brilliants. In particular, the public deficit has been economic relations to strengthen rapidly in the taché at the Peruvian Embassy in France. On July 28, 2011, he became President capped at 1 percent of GDP, and price stabili- years to come. ty is now the main goal of the Central Bank of He was also chosen as a PhD candidate at of Peru. Courtesy of Peruvian Embassy Peru. Such a stable macroeconomic environ- (This article is contributed by Alicia Garcia Her- President Ollanta Humala ment has drastically reduced uncertainty, sup- rero, chief economist for emerging markets at porting private investment and capital accumu- BBVA Research, and Hugo Perea, chief economist The Inca Empire revealed: Century after the Machu Picchu ‘discovery’ lation, which are fundamental determinants of for Peru at BBVA Research.) Continuing the celebrations marking 100 Ñan” or Great Inca Trail, by creatively years since American historian Hiram Bingham overcoming unima ginable climate challenges revealed the existence of Machu Picchu citadel and geographical barriers. in a National Geographic issue worldwide, the As a tribute and a symbol of solidarity with National Museum for Nature and Science the affected people in the Tohoku region, brings closer to the Japanese public the ancient Sendai is the second city this exhibition will cultural richness of Peru by showcasing one of visit. Thus, Peru will pay tribute to the its most emblematic civilizations: the Incas. stoicism and exemplary civic spirit shown by Developments in engineering, architecture, the Japanese when faced with one of the worst astronomy and agriculture achieved by the natural disasters in their history. Incas through efficient use of natural resources Please enjoy a visit to this exhibition, one of and harmonious coexistence with their the most representative presentations on environment are explained in detail. Visitors Peruvian history and culture in recent years in will get a glimpse of the artistic talent of Asia. ancient Peruvians in their pottery, textiles and kPlace: National Museum of Nature and metal artifacts. One may also learn how rulers Science of Japan (Ueno, Tokyo) of the Inca Empire, or “Tahuantinsuyo,” were kDate: Saturday, March 10 to Sunday, able to integrate most of the wide South June 24, 2012 American Andes territory, through a 40,000- kHours: 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. On Fridays open Courtesy of Peruvian Embassy kilometer-long road system called “Qhapac until 8 p.m. Closed on Mondays. Machu Picchu located 2,430 metres above sea level was discovered in 1911. Strengthening Japan-Peru friendship through archaeology By Izumi Shimada Left: A gold headdress of a Middle Sicán Distinguished Professor, Department leader (ca. A.D. 1000) excavated in of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University, 1991 from the East Tomb of the Huaca and Director, Pachacamac Archaeological Loro temple, Pomac National Historical Project and Sicán Archaeological Project Sanctuary by the Sicán Archaeological Project. On this joyous occasion of Peruvian Presi- Photo by Yutaka Yoshii/PASA dent Ollanta Humala’s first visit to Japan, I would like to share my fond memories of the Sicán Archaeological Project (SAP). While gold masks and ceremonial tumi Right: Arsenical bronze tumi excavated in knives are readily recognizable symbols of 2006 at the West Cemetery of the Huaca Peru, the identity and characteristics of the an- Loro temple by the Sicán Archaeological cient culture responsible for their manufacture Project. remained elusive for a long time. The SAP, Photo by Izumi Shimada which was launched in 1978 with Peruvian, Japanese and other international participants, has endeavored to shed light on this enigma. Over the past three decades, we have estab- lished that about 1,000 years ago, the Sicán cul- ture (also known as Lambayeque culture) that flourished in the Lambayeque region on the north coast of Peru achieved unprecedented production of arsenical bronze (alloys of cop- per and arsenic) and gold alloys (Figures 1, 2).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • © Cambridge University Press Cambridge
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85099-5 - The Atlantic World: Europeans, Africans, Indians and Their Shared History, 1400-1900 Thomas Benjamin Index More information Index Abenakis, 310 Muslims in, 24–25 independence of Brazil, Acadians, 243–245, 494 Niger Delta chiefdoms, 609–612 Acosta, Josede,´ 281, 286 33 inspiration of early Adams, Abigail, 534 plant domestication, 34 revolutions, 518 Adams, John, 435, 525, savanna state development, reasons for anti-slavery 539 25–28 actions in Caribbean, Address to the Congress of slaves, indigenous 587–589 Angostura, 606–607 agricultural, 33 revolutionary republicanism, Africa, 24–35 as infantrymen/archers, 517 agriculture, 24, 25 27 and slavery, 518, 613.See Akan kingdom, as laborers, 27–28 also American animal domestication, 34 slave trade, indigenous, 28, Revolution; arts, 30 33, 35 Enlightenment; French Berbers in, 25 Songhay (See Songhay) Revolution; Haitian Canary Islands chiefdom (See South Africa chiefdom, 34 Revolution; Spanish Canary Islands) Thirstland, 33–34 America revolutions colonization, 662 trade in, 25, 29 agriculture Dyula, 82 tribute systems, 33 expansion in 14th-century early descriptions of, 80–81 underpopulation, in Europe, 38–39 economic/political sub-Saharan, 35 in pre-contact Africa development in Wolof, 81, 82 irrigated, 24 sub-Saharan, 34–35 Yoruba kingdom, 30.Seealso rain-fed, 25 endemic disease, 28–29, 35 Angola, and Portugal; in pre-contact Americas, 19, equatorial Central Africa antislavery, and Africa; 21 state development, 33 gender relations, in chinapa, 17 European disease, 35 Africa; Portuguese plant domestication, 22 famine, 35 imperium, in Africa; slash-and-burn, 21 forest-savanna edge state slavery; slave trade; West Ahuitzotl, 12 development, 28–29 Africa Aimore,´ 156 Ghana empire, 27 African Trade Act, 487 Akan kingdom (Africa), hearth of civilization, 25 Africanus, Leo, 28, 75, 117, Alaska, pre-contact herding in, 25 331 sub-arctic/arctic, 21 hunting/gathering in, 33–34 Age of Reason.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthropology 433
    Anthropology 433 ANDEAN ARCHAEOLOGY Spring 2018 Professor Clark L. Erickson PROFESSOR: Dr. Clark Erickson 435 Penn Museum [email protected] 215-898-2282 DESCRIPTION: ANTH 433: Andean Archaeology (Cross-listed as Latin American and Latino Studies 433) This course provides a basic survey of the prehistory of civilizations in the Central Andean Region of South America (the central highland and coastal areas that today are Peru and Bolivia and parts of Ecuador, Chile, and Argentina). Topics include the history of South American archaeology, peopling of the continent, origins and evolution of agriculture, early village life, ceremonial and domestic architecture, prehistoric art and symbolism, Andean cosmology and astronomy, indigenous technology, the historical ecology of landscapes, outside contacts and relationships, economics and trade, social and political structure, state formation and urbanism, and early contacts with Europeans. The lectures and readings are based on recent archaeological investigations and interpretations combined with appropriate analogy from ethnohistory and ethnography. The prehistory of the Amazonian lowlands and "the intermediate area" of northern South America will be covered in other courses. Slides and several films are used to illustrate concepts and sites presented in lecture. I generally do not stop the lecture to spell terminology, although periodically you will be provided handouts with lists of important terminology. Questions and comments are encouraged and may be asked before, during, or after lectures. I will also make use of artifacts from the extensive South American collections of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (Penn Museum).in class and/or in the collection rooms of the Penn Museum instead of in our regular classroom.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis Death and the Family: Testing Andean Lineage
    THESIS DEATH AND THE FAMILY: TESTING ANDEAN LINEAGE TOMBS THROUGH CRANIAL NON-METRICS Submitted by Sarah Frances Herrera Department of Anthropology In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Fall 2016 Master’s Committee: Advisor: Ann Magennis Co-advisor: Mary Van Buren Michael Lacy Copyright by Sarah Frances Herrera 2016 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT DEATH AND THE FAMILY: TESTING ANDEAN LINEAGE TOMBS THROUGH CRANIAL NON-METRICS Historical records indicate that ancestor worship was practiced as part of ayllu social organization in the Inka empire during the Late Horizon and beginning of the Colonial Period (1440 A.D. - 1650 A.D.). This same set of beliefs and practices is often ascribed to the Late Intermediate Period (900 A.D. – 1440 A.D.) throughout the Andes by many researchers (Doyle 1988; Herrera 2003; Ibarra 2013; Isbell 1997; Mantha 2006; Martiarena 2014). It is important for the study of any site so far removed from the historical records to be cautious when using these documents for the interpretation of the archaeological record. The significance of this study is that little has been done using a bioarchaeological approach to test the assumption that ayllus and ancestor worship were present in the Conchucos region during the Late Intermediate Period. The site of Marcajirca is located on the ridge of a sacred ancestor mountain, Mt Llamoq, in North Central Peru. Although the site is a village, it has an especially large amount of mortuary architecture consisting of above ground tombs or chullpas, as well as caves, and underground structures that contain human remains.
    [Show full text]
  • Empires of the Andes
    A Majestic Frontier Outpost Chose Cooperation Over War Empiresof the by Patrick Ryan Williams, ndesMichael E. Moseley, & Donna J. Nash The people huddled in their impregnable fortress atop the Ahigh mesa called Cerro Baúl, their last refuge as the mighty Inca legions swept through the valley far below. With its sheer walls and single, tortuous route to the top, the citadel defied attack by storm, so the Inca army laid siege to Cerro Baúl. For 54 days, the people held out. But with little food and no water, they found their redoubt The summit of Cerro Baúl, protected by steep, rugged slopes, provided a was not only a grand bastion virtually impregnable fortress for ancient civilizations of the Andes. but also a grand prison. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN DISCOVERING ARCHAEOLOGY 69 hen, in hopes of sav- The Moquegua Valley had been in the ing their starving Tiwanaku orbit until the Wari made their children, the defenders sent bold thrust into the region. To secure the youngsters down from their political outpost, the Wari intruders the beleaguered mountaintop. strategically settled the towering Cerro The Inca received the chil- Baúl and the adjacent pinnacle of Cerro dren with kindness, fed them, Mejia. Unraveling the nature of this and even let them take a few intruding colony and its relationship supplies to their parents with the surrounding Tiwanaku is a long- — along with a promise standing concern of the Asociación Con- of peace and friendship. tisuyo, a consortium of Peruvian and That was enough for the hungry American scholars investigating the and hopeless people of Cerro Baúl.
    [Show full text]
  • TRADE and LOGISTICS in the INCA EMPIRE Lec. Rosario
    IV. INTERNATIONAL CAUCASUS-CENTRAL ASIA FOREIGN TRADE AND LOGISTICS CONGRESS September, 7-8, Didim/AYDIN TRADE AND LOGISTICS IN THE INCA EMPIRE Lec. Rosario Consuelo Vicuña Jurado [email protected] Abstract Trade is one of the most important aspects to a civilization, without trade, civilizations cannot thrive or grow. It also keeps good relations with rival empires because the civilizations rely on each other. Trade was not as simple as today, even though it was hard to establish trade contacts between nations, they weren’t only trading money and resources but also religion, culture, tradition and wisdom. Therefore trade was extremely important. Trade routes have developed since ancient times to transport goods from places of production to places of commerce. Scarce commodities that were only available in certain locations, such as salt or spices, were the biggest driver of trade networks, but once established, these roads also facilitated cultural exchange—including the spread of religion, ideas, knowledge, and sometimes even bacteria. Unlike most of the other route The Spice Routes were maritime routes linking the East to the West. Pepper, cloves, cinnamon, and nutmeg were all hugely sought-after commodities in Europe, but before the 15 th century access to trade with the East was controlled by North Africans and Arab middlemen, making such spices extremely expensive and rare. With the dawning of the Age of Exploration (15th to 17 th centuries), as new navigation technology made sailing long distance possible, Europeans took to the seas to forge direct trading relationships with India, China and Japan. The spice trade was one of the reasons for the development of a faster ship, which encouraged the discovery of new lands.
    [Show full text]
  • Robert Barker
    Robert Barker An Analysis of the Creation of Chronology and Genealogy of the Inca Dynasty in a Selection of Early Peruvian Chronicles Robert Barker Department of Spanish and Latin American Studies University College London 1 Robert Barker Contents Acknowledgements 3 Abstract 4 Chapter 1: J.H. Rowe‘s Chronological Hypothesis and his Legacy 7 Chapter 2: Reviewing the Textual Evidence: A New Look at the Early Peruvian Chroniclers 44 Chapter 3: Alternative Methodologies: From Ethno-history to Archaeology 96 Chapter 4: The ‗Lost‘ Incas: A New Hypothesis 133 Summary Conclusion 174 Glossary 177 Bibliography 180 2 Robert Barker Acknowledgements I would like to take this opportunity to thank everyone who has helped and encouraged me to complete this thesis. In particular, I would like to specially mention my supervisors Professor Stephen Hart and Dr José Oliver who patiently and expectantly encouraged and guided me to the completion of this work. Professor Jason Wilson who from the very beginning encouraged me to do this PhD, as well as Dr David Henn without whose help and advice I would probably have been forced to leave this work unfinished. I would also like to take this opportunity to thank the Graduate School who organised many courses, which assisted me in the organisation, research, planning and writing of this thesis as well as providing financial help for a field trip to Peru. Furthermore, the time spent and advice given on how to tackle this difficult project by Professor Makowski of the La Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Fransisco Hernández of the same university and Dr Alfredo Valencia of the San Antonio de Abad Universidad del Cuzco, and César Astuhuaman from University College London, Simon Luff, Richard Slack, and Simon Williams, friends and colleagues who made several suggestions and comments which are included in this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Domestic Life During the Late Intermediate Period at El Campanario Site, Huarmey Valley, Peru
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School July 2020 Domestic Life during the Late Intermediate Period at El Campanario Site, Huarmey Valley, Peru Jose Luis Peña University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Scholar Commons Citation Peña, Jose Luis, "Domestic Life during the Late Intermediate Period at El Campanario Site, Huarmey Valley, Peru" (2020). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/8478 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Domestic Life during the Late Intermediate Period at El Campanario Site, Huarmey Valley, Peru by Jose Luis Peña A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Applied Anthropology Department of Anthropology College of Art and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Robert H. Tykot, Ph.D. E. Christian Wells, Ph.D. Nancy White, Ph.D. David Chicoine, Ph.D Mary Glowacki, Ph.D. Date of Approval: April 7, 2020 Keywords: household, pottery analysis, Andes, identity Copyright 2020, Jose L. Peña DEDICATION I dedicated this dissertation to my beloved wife Patti Peña for her constant support and patience during this incredible journey, and to my twins, Christian and Anna, for their constant love and hugs in times when I need them the most.
    [Show full text]
  • The Order of Things in Ancient Peru Visual Metaphors in Wari-Associated DWW Textiles" (2000)
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings Textile Society of America 2000 The Order of Things in Ancient Peru Visual Metaphors in Wari- Associated DWW Textiles Jane W. Rehl Emory University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf Rehl, Jane W., "The Order of Things in Ancient Peru Visual Metaphors in Wari-Associated DWW Textiles" (2000). Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings. 828. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/828 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Textile Society of America at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. The Order of Things in Ancient Peru Visual Metaphors in Wari-Associated DWW Textiles Jane W. Rehl Emory University Two very different types of high status ritual textiles were produced with the use of the discontinuous warp and weft (hereafter DWW) technique during the Wari sojourn on the coast of Peru (ca. 600-800 C.E.): complex tie dyes, in which case the undyed cloth was woven in a DWW-based technique, and cloth woven in mUltiple techniques, wherein DWW is one of several weaves in a single textile. I In all probability, both types of ritual cloth were created on the coast of Peru for use by the highland Wari culture and/or their coastal representatives? In the following paper, I will compare various technical and formal elements of these textiles in pursuit ofWari attitudes to their coastal neighbors.
    [Show full text]
  • UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Moche Marks of Distinction: Time and Politics in Painted Pottery Substyles of the Moche Culture, North Coast, Peru AD 100-900 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2cd9322g Author Cole, Ethan Michael Publication Date 2012 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Moche Marks of Distinction: Time and Politics in Painted Pottery Substyles of the Moche Culture, North Coast, Peru AD 100-900 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Art History by Ethan Michael Cole 2012 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Moche Marks of Distinction: Time and Politics in Painted Pottery Substyles of the Moche Culture, North Coast, Peru AD 100-900 by Ethan Michael Cole Doctor of Philosophy in Art History University of California, Los Angeles, 2012 Professor Cecelia F. Klein, Chair This dissertation proposes, on the basis of an iconographic and stylistic analysis of Moche fineline painted decorations on ceramic vessels from the Moche, Jequetepeque, and Chicama Valleys in north coastal Peru, a new chronology for, and an enhanced understanding of, the political landscape of Moche culture during the Late Moche period (AD 600-900). I, like others before me, see Moche ceramic vessel paintings as manifestations of the dominant ideology of the polities that created them and as belonging to distinct regional artistic substyles. This dissertation reevaluates these paintings through the lens of regional variation. A formal and iconographic comparison of two previously identified substyles, one called the “Huacas de Moche substyle” and other the “San José de Moro substyle,” as well as a new one, which I label the “Late Chicama substyle,” reveals evidence that the Huacas de Moche fineline painting ii tradition preceded that of the Late Chicama tradition and that the Late Chicama substyle came before the San José de Moro tradition.
    [Show full text]
  • Obeyond Wari Walls
    oBeyond Wari Walls o Beyond Wari Walls Regional Perspectives on Middle Horizon Peru Justin Jennings, Editor University of New Mexico Press Albuquerque 2010 by the University of New Mexico Press All rights reserved. Published 2010 Printed in the United States of America 15 14 13 12 11 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Beyond Wari walls : regional perspectives on Middle Horizon Peru / Justin Jennings, editor. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-0-8263-4867-8 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Huari Indians—Politics and government. 2. Huari Indians—Material culture. 3. Huari Indians—Antiquities. 4. Culture diffusion—Peru—History. I. Jennings, Justin. F3430.1.H83B49 2010 985’.01—dc22 2010025871 s Contents Figures vii Tables ix C h a p t e r 1 Beyond Wari Walls 1 Justin Jennings Chapter 2 The Nature of Wari Presence in the Mid–Moquegua Valley: Investigating Contact at Cerro Trapiche 19 Ulrike Matthies Green and Paul S. Goldstein Chapter 3 Becoming Wari: Globalization and the Role of the Wari State in the Cotahuasi Valley of Southern Peru 37 Justin Jennings Chapter 4 Wari in the Majes-Camaná Valley: A Different Kind of Horizon 57 Bruce Owen Chapter 5 Local Settlement Continuity and Wari Impact in Middle Horizon Cusco 79 Véronique Bélisle and R. Alan Covey Chapter 6 Nasca and Wari: Local Opportunism and Colonial Ties during the Middle Horizon 96 Christina A. Conlee Chapter 7 The Wari Footprint on the Central Coast: A View from Cajamarquilla and Pachacamac 113 Rafael Segura Llanos and Izumi Shimada Chapter 8 What Role Did Wari Play in the Lima Political Economy?: The Peruvian Central Coast at the Beginning of the Middle Horizon 136 Giancarlo Marcone F.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Complex Societies in Andean South America
    14 The Evolution of Complex Societies in Andean South America In the lands assigned to Religion and to the Crown, the Inka kept overseers and administrators who took care in supervising their cultivation, harvesting the products and putting them in storehouses. The labor of sowing and cultivating these lands and harvesting their products formed a large part of the tribute which the taxpayer paid to the king. The people assembled to cultivate them in the following way. If the Inka himself . or some other high official happened to be present he started the work with a golden [spade] . and following his example, all did the same. However the Inka soon stopped working, and after him the other officials and nobles stopped also and sat down with the king to their banquets and festivals which were especially notable on such days. The common people remained at work . each man put into his section his children and wives and all the people of his house to help him. In this way, the man who had the most workers finished his suyu first, and he was considered a rich man; the poor man was he who had no one to help him in his work and had to work that much longer. Father Bernabe Cobo (c. a.d. 1653)1 ather Cobo’s observations remind us of a point reviewed in detail in chapter 7 and Fother previous chapters: Ancient civilizations varied greatly in many respects, but one of the fundamental ways in which they were all profoundly similar is that each and every one evolved social institutions that not only permitted the pervasive exploitation of 533 534 PATTERNS IN PREHISTORY the many by the few, but also made that exploitation into a religious and civil virtue.
    [Show full text]
  • Architecture and Power on the Waritiwanaku Frontier
    9 Architecture and Power on the Wari–Tiwanaku Frontier Donna J. Nash The Field Museum, Chicago and Patrick Ryan Williams The Field Museum, Chicago ABSTRACT The Wari Empire expanded and maintained control over many areas in the Andes for nearly four centuries (600– 1000 C.E.). This chapter documents changes in power relations and political institutions on the Wari–Tiwanaku frontier. The settlements of both polities are well documented along their border in the Moquegua Valley of southern Peru where Wari controlled their provincial settlements from the lofty heights of Cerro Ba´ul. We assess the changing nature of the incorporation of different social groups within the Wari political structure of the frontier province over the course of the Middle Horizon. As Tiwanaku social groups joined the Wari colony, new sets of public expressions of power emerged, both from within these Tiwanaku groups and from the Wari administration itself. By examining artifactual remains and the design of architectural spaces, we elucidate the changing power relations between Wari, their subject populations, and their Tiwanaku neighbors. Keywords: use of space, multiethnic interaction, state institutions, political organization, empire ari architecture is a material manifestation of power The Wari built an environment imbued with symbols Wand holds important clues to understanding how Wari that were used to communicate their legitimacy in a num- state officials managed resources and legitimized their con- ber of ways (see Rapoport 1990). These symbols are most trol. Recent research at Cerro Ba´ul and its satellites on the explicit in iconographic representations of ceremony por- Wari southern frontier has elucidated the nature of power re- trayed on portable objects that served as accessories to lations, agency, and ideology between Wari representatives state-sponsored activity.
    [Show full text]