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© Cambridge University Press Cambridge Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85099-5 - The Atlantic World: Europeans, Africans, Indians and Their Shared History, 1400-1900 Thomas Benjamin Index More information Index Abenakis, 310 Muslims in, 24–25 independence of Brazil, Acadians, 243–245, 494 Niger Delta chiefdoms, 609–612 Acosta, Josede,´ 281, 286 33 inspiration of early Adams, Abigail, 534 plant domestication, 34 revolutions, 518 Adams, John, 435, 525, savanna state development, reasons for anti-slavery 539 25–28 actions in Caribbean, Address to the Congress of slaves, indigenous 587–589 Angostura, 606–607 agricultural, 33 revolutionary republicanism, Africa, 24–35 as infantrymen/archers, 517 agriculture, 24, 25 27 and slavery, 518, 613.See Akan kingdom, as laborers, 27–28 also American animal domestication, 34 slave trade, indigenous, 28, Revolution; arts, 30 33, 35 Enlightenment; French Berbers in, 25 Songhay (See Songhay) Revolution; Haitian Canary Islands chiefdom (See South Africa chiefdom, 34 Revolution; Spanish Canary Islands) Thirstland, 33–34 America revolutions colonization, 662 trade in, 25, 29 agriculture Dyula, 82 tribute systems, 33 expansion in 14th-century early descriptions of, 80–81 underpopulation, in Europe, 38–39 economic/political sub-Saharan, 35 in pre-contact Africa development in Wolof, 81, 82 irrigated, 24 sub-Saharan, 34–35 Yoruba kingdom, 30.Seealso rain-fed, 25 endemic disease, 28–29, 35 Angola, and Portugal; in pre-contact Americas, 19, equatorial Central Africa antislavery, and Africa; 21 state development, 33 gender relations, in chinapa, 17 European disease, 35 Africa; Portuguese plant domestication, 22 famine, 35 imperium, in Africa; slash-and-burn, 21 forest-savanna edge state slavery; slave trade; West Ahuitzotl, 12 development, 28–29 Africa Aimore,´ 156 Ghana empire, 27 African Trade Act, 487 Akan kingdom (Africa), hearth of civilization, 25 Africanus, Leo, 28, 75, 117, Alaska, pre-contact herding in, 25 331 sub-arctic/arctic, 21 hunting/gathering in, 33–34 Age of Reason. See Alavres´ Cabral, Pedro, 96 Igboo, 29 Enlightenment alcaldes mayors, 172 Kongo kingdom (See Kongo Age of Revolution aldeias, 203–204, 308, 667 kingdom) Dutch patriot revolt, 539–542 Alexander VI (pope), 214 Koranic schools, 25 crushing of, 541–542 Alfonso I (Kongo; Mbemba A. literacy, 27 Free Corps (popular Nzinga), 115–117 Loango kingdom, 33 militias), 540–541 Alfonso IV (Portugal), claims Mali empire, 25–27, 81 precipitating manifesto, Canary Islands, 73 Moors in, 25 539–540 Alfonso X (Castille), 163 699 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85099-5 - The Atlantic World: Europeans, Africans, Indians and Their Shared History, 1400-1900 Thomas Benjamin Index More information 700 Index Algonkian Indians, 242 animal domestication, 22 Anasazi, 19 Algonquian, 20–21 Chavin culture, 7 violence among, 20 ethnography on, 289–290, chiefdoms in, 18–22 Anderson, Karen, 425 292 Anasazi, 19 Anglo-Dutch wars, 260–261, Allada, 339 Carib, 19 475–476 Allende, Ignacio, 599 Cenu,´ 21 Anglo-Norman monarchy, 45 Almagro, Diego de, 150 Chibcha, 21 Angola Alvarado, Pedro de, 138–139, Ciboney, 19 Dutch defeat in, 259–260 144 conflict among, 20, 21–22 intermarriage in, 436–437 Alvares, Diego, 449 Hohokam, 19 Angola, and Portugal, 192–197 American Revolution, 503–508, Mississipian, 19–20 agriculture, 195–196 525–538 Mogollon, 19 clerical establishment, 195, anti-Federalists, 535 Muisca, 21 196 Articles of Confederation, native Brazil, 21–22 as colony of Brazil, 195 532 Pacaha, 19–20 council of local notables in, beginning of, 505, 530 Taino, 18–19 195 Bill of Rights, 535–537 Tairona, 21 donatorio´ awarded, 119 Boston Massacre, 505, 528, Chimu Empire, 7 Dutch invasion, 124, 195 529i confederacies, 21 government, 192–195 Boston Tea Party, 528–529 disease, 23 Imbangala, 123 British diversion in West fishing, 19, 21, 22 Jesuits in, 123 Indies/Florida, 506, gathering, 19, 22 Luanda, 118, 122–123, 124, 537–538 hunting, 19, 20–21, 22 195 Continental Congress, Inka empire, 7, 13–17 military conquest of, 119, 505–506, 529–530, 531 ancestor worship, 16–17 123–124 Declaration of Independence, child sacrifice, 17 missionaries, 118–119 531 Cuzco, 16–17 mulattos, 196 difference from French tribute system, 14 Pende on arrival of Revolution, 563–565 Mapuche, 22 Portuguese, 123 dispute over taxes, 503–505 Maya, 7 puppet ruler, 123, 124 Enlightenment influence on, metals, 23 slave trade, 118, 122–123, 527 Mexica Empire, 7, 10–13 195, 196–197 Federalist movement, 535 cosmology, 11–12 Spanish Habsburgs establish foreign assistance, 505–507 Flowery Wars, 11 royal colony, 122 impetus for, 503–505, human sacrifice, 12 tribute, 192 527–528 social stratification, 11 Angolares, 191 Intolerable Acts, 505 Teotihuacan, 7, 10–11 animal domestication, in Native American assistance, Triple Alliance, 10–11 pre-contact Americas, 22 507 Moche culture, 7 anker, definition of, 667 non-importation pact by Native American languages, 6 antislavery, and Africa, colonists, 528 Olmec culture, 7 654–658 peace negotiations, 508 population, 22–23 abolishment of legal status of and political/social equality, population, regional c. 1492, slavery, 657 533 23t British efforts to abolish Proclamation Line of 1763, similarity between slavery, 654–655 527 Inka/Mexica Empires, economic consequences, Quartering Act, 527 17–18 656–657 as radical, 525 Tiahuanaco culture, 7 forced labor, 657 republicanism, 531–532 Toltec culture, 7 increase in Central/southeast rights of women, 533–534 tools, 23 trade, 655–657 separation of powers, 532 trade, 10, 19, 21 slow demise of slavery/slave in southern colonies, 507–508 tribute system, 11, 14, 19 trade, 655–656, 657–658 Stamp Act, 503–504, 527, Wari culture, 7 territories for liberated slaves, 537 writing/literacy, 23–24 654 Sugar Act, 503, 527 Amherst, Jeffery, 496, 497–499 antislavery, British and French, surrender of British, 508 Amistad affair, 643 638–641 as too democratic/egalitarian, Amsterdam abolition by Britain, 639–640 534–535 port of, 230i.SeealsoUnited antislavery movement in Townshend Duties, 504–505, Provinces of the France, 640 528, 533, 537 Netherlands Dutch and antislavery, 641 Americas, pre-contact, 6–24 Anahuac (in the vicinity of the emancipation and French, agriculture, 17, 19, 21, 22 waters), 10 640–641 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85099-5 - The Atlantic World: Europeans, Africans, Indians and Their Shared History, 1400-1900 Thomas Benjamin Index More information Index 701 religious motivation in influence of other nations asientos, 344, 383, 667 Britain, 638 on abolishment, 632 Askia Mohammed (Muslim slave revolts and Britain, popular support for king), 27 638–639 antislavery movement, astrolabe, 70, 71i, 667 slave revolts and French, 640 629 Atahualpa, 146–148, 284, 439 antislavery, demise of American and Quakers, 628 Atkins, John, 347, 351, 356, slavery, 1860s–1880s, weakening of antislavery 391, 392 641–654 movement, 629–631 Atlantic, first forays, 53 Amistad affair effect on, 643 Zong affair effect on, 629 Eric the Red, 54, 55 antislavery movement in French Revolution, 626–628 into Greenland, 54 United States, 643–645 emancipation decree, 627 into Iceland by Irish monks, black soldiers in Civil War, Society of the Friends of the 53–54 645 Blacks, 626–627 into Labrador and Baffin in Brazil, 649–654 antislavery, Spanish American, Island, 54–55 Civil War, 644–645 1810s–1850s, 633–638 Norse raiders/settlers, 54 consequences of election of abolition of slave trade, into North America by Norse, Lincoln, 644 634–636 54 cotton and, 641–642 and Catholic Church, 633 Atlantic Africa Overseas Trade, cotton boom effect on and Cortes of Cadiz,´ 634 1680–1820, 341t slavery, 641–642 free womb laws, 634, 635, Atlantic Mediterranean. See and Cuban independence, 636–637 Near Atlantic 646–648 lessening need for slave labor, Atlantic Ocean, 67–71 Dred Scott decision, 644 633–634 early charts/maps of, 68–70 Emancipation Proclamation, and Mexican Revolution, 634 map of Near Atlantic, 74, 74i 645 and slaves as soldiers, maritime technology for formation of Confederate 635–636 exploring, 70–71 States of America, 644 slow rate of emancipation, Near Atlantic, 71–75 Fugitive Slave Act, 644, 645 637–638 reasons for opening of, industrial revolution effect on survival of slave systems, 101–103 slavery, 641–642 637–638 wind-driven current system, Kansas-Nebraska Act, 644 antislavery thought and 68 Lincoln and, 644, 645 opinion, 617–623 winds and currents map, Missouri Compromise, 643, capitalism effect on, 618 69m, 70 644 Enlightenment philosophers wind system, 68 Moret Law, 647 on, 621–623 Atlantic System, 326 resettlement of slaves in moral consciousness, Atlantic World Africa/Haiti, 642–643 617–618, 623 fall of/rise of modern world, Slave Power conspiracy, 644 political economists on, 623 661–666 Spanish Abolitionist Society, Protestants on, 619–621 growth as result of 647 Quakers on, 619, 620–621, European/African/Indian Thirteenth Amendment, 645 623 interactions, xxii antislavery, revolutionary, slavery as not Iberian/Native alliances, 1770s–1804, 624–633 permanent/natural, 158–159 American Revolution, 618–619 importance of Western 624–626 slavery harm to Europeans in, xxi–xxii abolition of slave trade, slaveholder/society, 623 rise and fall of, xxii–xxiv 625 Antonil, AndreJa´ ao,˜ 410, 454 shipping routes, c. 1750, 488, early emancipation laws, Anzico, 117 489m 625 Anzilotti, Cara, 459 audiencias, 172 founding fathers and aqueduct, stone in Teotihuacan, Augustinians, 301 antislavery, 624–625 10 in Mexica, 144 slaves as soldiers in, 626 Arab astronomy texts, 84–86 in Peru, 303 southern states and Arab mariners, 57 in Philippines, 301 antislavery, 625 Arabs, 25, 327 Austrian Netherlands, French antislavery in Great Britain, Arawak speakers, 18–19, 22 Revolution influence on, 628–632 arbitristas (Spanish reformers), 559–560 abolishment of slave trade, 225 Aveiro, Joao˜ Alfonso, 84 631–632 Armas, Rumeo de, 119 Avila,´ Pedro Arias de, 130 emergence of antislavery Aro, 339 Azores, 73 movement, 628–629 arroba, definition of, 667 Aztecs.
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