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Universality, Similarity, and Translation in the Wikipedia Inter-Language Link Network
In Search of the Ur-Wikipedia: Universality, Similarity, and Translation in the Wikipedia Inter-language Link Network Morten Warncke-Wang1, Anuradha Uduwage1, Zhenhua Dong2, John Riedl1 1GroupLens Research Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering 2Dept. of Information Technical Science University of Minnesota Nankai University Minneapolis, Minnesota Tianjin, China {morten,uduwage,riedl}@cs.umn.edu [email protected] ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION Wikipedia has become one of the primary encyclopaedic in- The world: seven seas separating seven continents, seven formation repositories on the World Wide Web. It started billion people in 193 nations. The world's knowledge: 283 in 2001 with a single edition in the English language and has Wikipedias totalling more than 20 million articles. Some since expanded to more than 20 million articles in 283 lan- of the content that is contained within these Wikipedias is guages. Criss-crossing between the Wikipedias is an inter- probably shared between them; for instance it is likely that language link network, connecting the articles of one edition they will all have an article about Wikipedia itself. This of Wikipedia to another. We describe characteristics of ar- leads us to ask whether there exists some ur-Wikipedia, a ticles covered by nearly all Wikipedias and those covered by set of universal knowledge that any human encyclopaedia only a single language edition, we use the network to under- will contain, regardless of language, culture, etc? With such stand how we can judge the similarity between Wikipedias a large number of Wikipedia editions, what can we learn based on concept coverage, and we investigate the flow of about the knowledge in the ur-Wikipedia? translation between a selection of the larger Wikipedias. -
A Topic-Aligned Multilingual Corpus of Wikipedia Articles for Studying Information Asymmetry in Low Resource Languages
Proceedings of the 12th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2020), pages 2373–2380 Marseille, 11–16 May 2020 c European Language Resources Association (ELRA), licensed under CC-BY-NC A Topic-Aligned Multilingual Corpus of Wikipedia Articles for Studying Information Asymmetry in Low Resource Languages Dwaipayan Roy, Sumit Bhatia, Prateek Jain GESIS - Cologne, IBM Research - Delhi, IIIT - Delhi [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Wikipedia is the largest web-based open encyclopedia covering more than three hundred languages. However, different language editions of Wikipedia differ significantly in terms of their information coverage. We present a systematic comparison of information coverage in English Wikipedia (most exhaustive) and Wikipedias in eight other widely spoken languages (Arabic, German, Hindi, Korean, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish and Turkish). We analyze the content present in the respective Wikipedias in terms of the coverage of topics as well as the depth of coverage of topics included in these Wikipedias. Our analysis quantifies and provides useful insights about the information gap that exists between different language editions of Wikipedia and offers a roadmap for the Information Retrieval (IR) community to bridge this gap. Keywords: Wikipedia, Knowledge base, Information gap 1. Introduction other with respect to the coverage of topics as well as Wikipedia is the largest web-based encyclopedia covering the amount of information about overlapping topics. -
Minority Languages in India
Thomas Benedikter Minority Languages in India An appraisal of the linguistic rights of minorities in India ---------------------------- EURASIA-Net Europe-South Asia Exchange on Supranational (Regional) Policies and Instruments for the Promotion of Human Rights and the Management of Minority Issues 2 Linguistic minorities in India An appraisal of the linguistic rights of minorities in India Bozen/Bolzano, March 2013 This study was originally written for the European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen (EURAC), Institute for Minority Rights, in the frame of the project Europe-South Asia Exchange on Supranational (Regional) Policies and Instruments for the Promotion of Human Rights and the Management of Minority Issues (EURASIA-Net). The publication is based on extensive research in eight Indian States, with the support of the European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano and the Mahanirban Calcutta Research Group, Kolkata. EURASIA-Net Partners Accademia Europea Bolzano/Europäische Akademie Bozen (EURAC) – Bolzano/Bozen (Italy) Brunel University – West London (UK) Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität – Frankfurt am Main (Germany) Mahanirban Calcutta Research Group (India) South Asian Forum for Human Rights (Nepal) Democratic Commission of Human Development (Pakistan), and University of Dhaka (Bangladesh) Edited by © Thomas Benedikter 2013 Rights and permissions Copying and/or transmitting parts of this work without prior permission, may be a violation of applicable law. The publishers encourage dissemination of this publication and would be happy to grant permission. -
Modeling Communities in Information Systems: Informal Learning Communities in Social Media"
"Modeling Communities in Information Systems: Informal Learning Communities in Social Media" Von der Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Naturwissenschaften der RWTH Aachen University zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades einer Doktorin der Naturwissenschaften genehmigte Dissertation vorgelegt von Zinayida Kensche, geb. Petrushyna, MSc. aus Odessa, Ukraine Berichter: Universitätsprofessor Professor Dr. Matthias Jarke Universitätsprofessor Professor Dr. Marcus Specht Privatdozent Dr. Ralf Klamma Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 17.11.2015 Diese Dissertation ist auf den Internetseiten der Universitätsbibliothek online verfügbar. i c Copyright by 2016 All Rights Reserved ii Abstract Information modeling is required for creating a successful information system while modeling of communities is pivotal for maintaining community information systems (CIS). Online social media, a special case of CIS, have been intensively used but not usually adopted for learning community needs. Thus community stakeholders meet problems by supporting learning communities in social media. Under the prism of Community of Practice theory, such communities have three dimensions that are responsible for community sustainability: mutual engagement, joint enterprises and shared repertoire. Existing modeling solutions use either perspectives of learning theories, or anal- ysis of learner or community data captured in social media but rarely combine both approaches. Therefore, current solutions produce community models that supply only a part of community stakeholders with information that can hardly describe community success and failure. We also claim that community models must be created based on community data analysis integrated with our learning community dimensions. More- over, the models need to be adapted according to environmental changes. This work provides a solution to continuous modeling of informal learning com- munities in social media. -
Same Gap, Different Experiences
SAME GAP, DIFFERENT EXPERIENCES An Exploration of the Similarities and Differences Between the Gender Gap in the Indian Wikipedia Editor Community and the Gap in the General Editor Community By Eva Jadine Lannon 997233970 An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to Professor Leslie Chan, PhD. & Professor Kenneth MacDonald, PhD. in the Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Honours Bachelor of Arts in International Development Studies (Co-op) University of Toronto at Scarborough Ontario, Canada June 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all of those people who provided support and guidance at various stages of my undergraduate research, and particularly to those individuals who took the time to talk me down off the ledge when I was certain I was going to quit. To my friends, and especially Jennifer Naidoo, who listened to my grievances at all hours of the day and night, no matter how spurious. To my partner, Karim Zidan El-Sayed, who edited every word (multiple times) with spectacular patience. And finally, to my research supervisors: Prof. Leslie Chan, you opened all the doors; Prof. Kenneth MacDonald, you laid the foundations. Without the support, patience, and understanding that both of you provided, it would have never been completed. Thank you. i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY According to the second official Wikipedia Editor Survey conducted in December of 2011, female- identified editors comprise only 8.5% of contributors to Wikipedia's contributor population (Glott & Ghosh, 2010). This significant lack of women and women's voices in the Wikipedia community has led to systemic bias towards male histories and culturally “masculine” knowledge (Lam et al., 2011; Gardner, 2011; Reagle & Rhue, 2011; Wikimedia Meta-Wiki, 2013), and an editing environment that is often hostile and unwelcoming to women editors (Gardner, 2011; Lam et al., 2011; Wikimedia Meta- Wiki, 2013). -
Critical Point of View: a Wikipedia Reader
w ikipedia pedai p edia p Wiki CRITICAL POINT OF VIEW A Wikipedia Reader 2 CRITICAL POINT OF VIEW A Wikipedia Reader CRITICAL POINT OF VIEW 3 Critical Point of View: A Wikipedia Reader Editors: Geert Lovink and Nathaniel Tkacz Editorial Assistance: Ivy Roberts, Morgan Currie Copy-Editing: Cielo Lutino CRITICAL Design: Katja van Stiphout Cover Image: Ayumi Higuchi POINT OF VIEW Printer: Ten Klei Groep, Amsterdam Publisher: Institute of Network Cultures, Amsterdam 2011 A Wikipedia ISBN: 978-90-78146-13-1 Reader EDITED BY Contact GEERT LOVINK AND Institute of Network Cultures NATHANIEL TKACZ phone: +3120 5951866 INC READER #7 fax: +3120 5951840 email: [email protected] web: http://www.networkcultures.org Order a copy of this book by sending an email to: [email protected] A pdf of this publication can be downloaded freely at: http://www.networkcultures.org/publications Join the Critical Point of View mailing list at: http://www.listcultures.org Supported by: The School for Communication and Design at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (Hogeschool van Amsterdam DMCI), the Centre for Internet and Society (CIS) in Bangalore and the Kusuma Trust. Thanks to Johanna Niesyto (University of Siegen), Nishant Shah and Sunil Abraham (CIS Bangalore) Sabine Niederer and Margreet Riphagen (INC Amsterdam) for their valuable input and editorial support. Thanks to Foundation Democracy and Media, Mondriaan Foundation and the Public Library Amsterdam (Openbare Bibliotheek Amsterdam) for supporting the CPOV events in Bangalore, Amsterdam and Leipzig. (http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/cpov/) Special thanks to all the authors for their contributions and to Cielo Lutino, Morgan Currie and Ivy Roberts for their careful copy-editing. -
The Case of 13 Wikipedia Instances
Interaction Design and Architecture(s) Journal - IxD&A, N.22, 2014, pp. 34-47 The Impact of Culture On Smart Community Technology: The Case of 13 Wikipedia Instances Zinayida Petrushyna1, Ralf Klamma1, Matthias Jarke1,2 1 Advanced Community Information Systems Group, Information Systems and Databases Chair, RWTH Aachen University, Ahornstrasse 55, 52056 Aachen, Germany 2 Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Information Technology FIT, 53754 St. Augustin, Germany {petrushyna, klamma}@dbis.rwth-aachen.de [email protected] Abstract Smart communities provide technologies for monitoring social behaviors inside communities. The technologies that support knowledge building should consider the cultural background of community members. The studies of the influence of the culture on knowledge building is limited. Just a few works consider digital traces of individuals that they explain using cultural values and beliefs. In this work, we analyze 13 Wikipedia instances where users with different cultural background build knowledge in different ways. We compare edits of users. Using social network analysis we build and analyze co- authorship networks and watch the networks evolution. We explain the differences we have found using Hofstede dimensions and Schwartz cultural values and discuss implications for the design of smart community technologies. Our findings provide insights in requirements for technologies used for smart communities in different cultures. Keywords: Social network analysis, Wikipedia communities, Hofstede dimensions, Schwartz cultural values 1 Introduction People prefer to leave in smart cities where their needs are satisfied [1]. The development of smart cities depends on the collaboration of individuals. The investigation of the flow [1] of knowledge created by the individuals allows the monitoring of city smartness. -
Bringing Ol Chiki to the Digital World
Typography and Education http://www.typoday.in Bringing Ol Chiki to the digital world Saxena, Pooja, [email protected] Panigrahi, Subhashish, Programme Officer, Access to Knowledge, Center for Internet and Society, Bengaluru (India), [email protected] Abstract: Can a typeface turn the fate of an indigenous language around by making communication possible on digital platforms and driving digital activism? In 2014, a project was initiated with financial support from the Access to Knowledge programme at The Center for Internet and Society, Bangalore to look for answers to this question. The project’s goal was to design a typeface family supporting Ol Chiki script, which is used to write Santali, along with input methods that would make typing in Ol Chiki possible. It was planned that these resources would be released under a free license, with the hope to provide tools to Santali speakers to read and write in their own script online. Key words: Ol Chiki script, typeface design, minority script, Santali language 1. Introduction The main aim of this paper is to share the experiences and knowledge gained by working on a typeface and input method design project for a minority script from India, in this case Ol Chiki, which is used to write Santali. This project was initiated by the Access to Knowledge programme at the Center for Internet and Society (CIS-A2K, whose mandate is to work towards catalysing the growth of the free and open knowledge movement in South Typography Day 2016 1 Asia and in Indic languages. From September 2012, CIS has been actively involved in growing the open knowledge movement in India through a grant received from the Wikimedia Foundation (WMF). -
A Wikipedia Reader
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Critical point of view: a Wikipedia reader Lovink, G.; Tkacz, N. Publication date 2011 Document Version Final published version Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Lovink, G., & Tkacz, N. (2011). Critical point of view: a Wikipedia reader. (INC reader; No. 7). Institute of Network Cultures. http://www.networkcultures.org/_uploads/%237reader_Wikipedia.pdf General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:05 Oct 2021 w ikipedia pedai p edia p Wiki CRITICAL POINT OF VIEW A Wikipedia Reader 2 CRITICAL POINT OF VIEW A Wikipedia Reader CRITICAL POINT OF VIEW 3 Critical Point of View: A Wikipedia Reader Editors: Geert Lovink -
Sukhwinder REGIONAL LANGUAGE CONTENT SEEKER
Sukhwinder REGIONAL LANGUAGE CONTENT SEEKER Age 21, Male Student, Bachelor of Art Patiala, Punjab Single Language Reads - Punjabi, Hindi, English Speaks - Punjabi TECHNOLOGY COMFORT LEVEL Not at all Comfortable Very Extremely Always needs Sending emails, Downloading & Advanced assistance browsing internet, setting up own programming, using software software building own software WIKIPEDIA USAGE WIKIPEDIA INTERNET 20 40 60 80 hours hours hours hours DEVICES USED Android Smartphone Redmi GOALS To get information in Punjabi without having to grapple with English - a language he finds difficult • Access to information related to various topics in Punjabi language • Stay updated about current affairs and politics • Complete Bachelor’s degree with good grades CHALLENGES • Lack of online content in Punjabi language • Difficulty in understanding content written in English Source: Main photo above was provided by Pixabay by Harpreet Batish https://pixabay.com/en/sardar-sardarji-turban-sikh-man-2398124/ ABOUT SUKHWINDER Sukhwinder’s Android phone is a gift from his father. He takes pictures to send back to his family. His hometown of Mansa in the state of Punjab is situated far away from the Punjabi University of Patiala where he is currently studying. Punjabi University offers higher education in Punjabi, which is the regional language. Sukhwinder is among many bright young people who are held back by their Sukhwinder spends a lot of his time in the limited English language skills; and the university is library. his ticket to a better life. He was very excited when his teachers told him that Wikipedia exists in Punjabi. He was even more pleased when he saw his own village mentioned there. -
Ipsita CHILDREN’S EDUCATION-FOCUSED PARENT
Ipsita CHILDREN’S EDUCATION-FOCUSED PARENT Age 38, Female BA in Psychology Bhubaneshwar, Odisha Married, 2 Children Languages Speaks - English, Odia, Hindi Reads - English, Odia, Hindi GOAL To help her children with their homework ABOUT IPSITA Ipsita has lived in Bhubaneswar all her life. She is married and has two children. Her husband works as a Manager in an IT firm. Since he works long hours and travels frequently, Ipsita takes care of household responsibilities including bill payments and grocery shopping. Ipsita uses her mobile phone to pay the phone, electricity and gas bills. She also shops online for school supplies, clothes, and sometimes, even groceries. Ipsita’s children study in an English medium school; and Ipsita helps them with their homework in the evening. When Ipsita needs to look up something, Google is her go- to tool - she mostly begins her search on Google in English. Since Wikipedia comes up as the first link, she clicks on it. However, sometimes, she specifically looks up content on Wikipedia. Ipsita uses Wikipedia in either English or Odia, depending on her children’s assignments. When she needs content in Odia, she types in Odia, using an English keyboard. For arts and crafts projects, Ipsita browses through Youtube videos and then teaches her children what she has learned. Ipsita was introduced to Wikipedia through her son’s school. She is aware that Wikipedia content is written by contributors and that it can be edited, subject to approvals based on Wikipedia policies. In English, it is very easy to write essays, you get information (online) easily, but for a specific language like Odia , it is very tough! Ipsita uses Wikipedia in either English or Odia, depending on her need. -
34 Understanding Wikipedia Practices Through Hindi, Urdu, and English
Understanding Wikipedia practices through Hindi, Urdu, and English takes on an evolving regional conflict MOLLY G. HICKMAN, Computer Science, Virginia Tech 34 VIRAL PASAD, Computer Science, Virginia Tech HARSH SANGHAVI, Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech JACOB THEBAULT-SPIEKER, The Information School, University of Wisconsin - Madison SANG WON LEE, Computer Science, Virginia Tech Wikipedia is the product of thousands of editors working collaboratively to provide free and up-to-date encyclopedic information to the project’s users. This article asks to what degree Wikipedia articles in three languages — Hindi, Urdu, and English — achieve Wikipedia’s mission of making neutrally-presented, reliable information on a polarizing, controversial topic available to people around the globe. We chose the topic of the recent revocation of Article 370 of the Constitution of India, which, along with other recent events in and concerning the region of Jammu and Kashmir, has drawn attention to related articles on Wikipedia. This work focuses on the English Wikipedia, being the preeminent language edition of the project, as well as the Hindi and Urdu editions. Hindi and Urdu are the two standardized varieties of Hindustani, a lingua franca of Jammu and Kashmir. We analyzed page view and revision data for three Wikipedia articles to gauge popularity of the pages in our corpus, and responsiveness of editors to breaking news events and problematic edits. Additionally, we interviewed editors from all three language editions to learn about differences in editing processes and motivations, and we compared the text of the articles across languages as they appeared shortly after the revocation of Article 370.