The Case of 13 Wikipedia Instances
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Universality, Similarity, and Translation in the Wikipedia Inter-Language Link Network
In Search of the Ur-Wikipedia: Universality, Similarity, and Translation in the Wikipedia Inter-language Link Network Morten Warncke-Wang1, Anuradha Uduwage1, Zhenhua Dong2, John Riedl1 1GroupLens Research Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering 2Dept. of Information Technical Science University of Minnesota Nankai University Minneapolis, Minnesota Tianjin, China {morten,uduwage,riedl}@cs.umn.edu [email protected] ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION Wikipedia has become one of the primary encyclopaedic in- The world: seven seas separating seven continents, seven formation repositories on the World Wide Web. It started billion people in 193 nations. The world's knowledge: 283 in 2001 with a single edition in the English language and has Wikipedias totalling more than 20 million articles. Some since expanded to more than 20 million articles in 283 lan- of the content that is contained within these Wikipedias is guages. Criss-crossing between the Wikipedias is an inter- probably shared between them; for instance it is likely that language link network, connecting the articles of one edition they will all have an article about Wikipedia itself. This of Wikipedia to another. We describe characteristics of ar- leads us to ask whether there exists some ur-Wikipedia, a ticles covered by nearly all Wikipedias and those covered by set of universal knowledge that any human encyclopaedia only a single language edition, we use the network to under- will contain, regardless of language, culture, etc? With such stand how we can judge the similarity between Wikipedias a large number of Wikipedia editions, what can we learn based on concept coverage, and we investigate the flow of about the knowledge in the ur-Wikipedia? translation between a selection of the larger Wikipedias. -
A Topic-Aligned Multilingual Corpus of Wikipedia Articles for Studying Information Asymmetry in Low Resource Languages
Proceedings of the 12th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2020), pages 2373–2380 Marseille, 11–16 May 2020 c European Language Resources Association (ELRA), licensed under CC-BY-NC A Topic-Aligned Multilingual Corpus of Wikipedia Articles for Studying Information Asymmetry in Low Resource Languages Dwaipayan Roy, Sumit Bhatia, Prateek Jain GESIS - Cologne, IBM Research - Delhi, IIIT - Delhi [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Wikipedia is the largest web-based open encyclopedia covering more than three hundred languages. However, different language editions of Wikipedia differ significantly in terms of their information coverage. We present a systematic comparison of information coverage in English Wikipedia (most exhaustive) and Wikipedias in eight other widely spoken languages (Arabic, German, Hindi, Korean, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish and Turkish). We analyze the content present in the respective Wikipedias in terms of the coverage of topics as well as the depth of coverage of topics included in these Wikipedias. Our analysis quantifies and provides useful insights about the information gap that exists between different language editions of Wikipedia and offers a roadmap for the Information Retrieval (IR) community to bridge this gap. Keywords: Wikipedia, Knowledge base, Information gap 1. Introduction other with respect to the coverage of topics as well as Wikipedia is the largest web-based encyclopedia covering the amount of information about overlapping topics. -
Librarians As Wikimedia Movement Organizers in Spain: an Interpretive Inquiry Exploring Activities and Motivations
Librarians as Wikimedia Movement Organizers in Spain: An interpretive inquiry exploring activities and motivations by Laurie Bridges and Clara Llebot Laurie Bridges Oregon State University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2765-5440 Clara Llebot Oregon State University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3211-7396 Citation: Bridges, L., & Llebot, C. (2021). Librarians as Wikimedia Movement Organizers in Spain: An interpretive inQuiry exploring activities and motivations. First Monday, 26(6/7). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v26i3.11482 Abstract How do librarians in Spain engage with Wikipedia (and Wikidata, Wikisource, and other Wikipedia sister projects) as Wikimedia Movement Organizers? And, what motivates them to do so? This article reports on findings from 14 interviews with 18 librarians. The librarians interviewed were multilingual and contributed to Wikimedia projects in Castilian (commonly referred to as Spanish), Catalan, BasQue, English, and other European languages. They reported planning and running Wikipedia events, developing partnerships with local Wikimedia chapters, motivating citizens to upload photos to Wikimedia Commons, identifying gaps in Wikipedia content and filling those gaps, transcribing historic documents and adding them to Wikisource, and contributing data to Wikidata. Most were motivated by their desire to preserve and promote regional languages and culture, and a commitment to open access and open education. Introduction This research started with an informal conversation in 2018 about the popularity of Catalan Wikipedia, Viquipèdia, between two library coworkers in the United States, the authors of this article. Our conversation began with a sense of wonder about Catalan Wikipedia, which is ranked twentieth by number of articles, out of 300 different language Wikipedias (Meta contributors, 2020). -
Collaboration: Interoperability Between People in the Creation of Language Resources for Less-Resourced Languages a SALTMIL Workshop May 27, 2008 Workshop Programme
Collaboration: interoperability between people in the creation of language resources for less-resourced languages A SALTMIL workshop May 27, 2008 Workshop Programme 14:30-14:35 Welcome 14:35-15:05 Icelandic Language Technology Ten Years Later Eiríkur Rögnvaldsson 15:05-15:35 Human Language Technology Resources for Less Commonly Taught Languages: Lessons Learned Toward Creation of Basic Language Resources Heather Simpson, Christopher Cieri, Kazuaki Maeda, Kathryn Baker, and Boyan Onyshkevych 15:35-16:05 Building resources for African languages Karel Pala, Sonja Bosch, and Christiane Fellbaum 16:05-16:45 COFFEE BREAK 16:45-17:15 Extracting bilingual word pairs from Wikipedia Francis M. Tyers and Jacques A. Pienaar 17:15-17:45 Building a Basque/Spanish bilingual database for speaker verification Iker Luengo, Eva Navas, Iñaki Sainz, Ibon Saratxaga, Jon Sanchez, Igor Odriozola, Juan J. Igarza and Inma Hernaez 17:45-18:15 Language resources for Uralic minority languages Attila Novák 18:15-18:45 Eslema. Towards a Corpus for Asturian Xulio Viejo, Roser Saurí and Angel Neira 18:45-19:00 Annual General Meeting of the SALTMIL SIG i Workshop Organisers Briony Williams Language Technologies Unit Bangor University, Wales, UK Mikel L. Forcada Departament de Llenguatges i Sistemes Informàtics Universitat d'Alacant, Spain Kepa Sarasola Lengoaia eta Sistema Informatikoak Saila Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country SALTMIL Speech and Language Technologies for Minority Languages A SIG of the International Speech Communication Association -
D2.8 GLAM-Wiki Collaboration Progress Report 2
Project Acronym: Europeana Sounds Grant Agreement no: 620591 Project Title: Europeana Sounds D2.8 GLAM-Wiki Collaboration Progress Report 2 Revision: Final Date: 30/11/2016 Authors: Brigitte Jansen and Harry van Biessum, NISV Abstract: Within the Europeana Sounds GLAM-wiki collaboration task, nine edit-a-thons were organised by seven project partners. These edit-a-thons were held in Italy, Denmark, Latvia, England, Greece, France and the Netherlands. This report documents each event, the outcomes and lessons learned during this task. Dissemination level Public X Confidential, only for the members of the Consortium and Commission Services Coordinated by the British Library, the Europeana Sounds project is co-funded by the European Union, through the ICT Policy Support Programme as part of the Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme (CIP) http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/activities/ict_psp/ Europeana Sounds EC-GA 620591 EuropeanaSounds-D2.8-GLAM-wiki-collaboration-progress-report-2-v1.0.docx 30/11/2016 PUBLIC Revision history Version Status Name, organisation Date Changes 0.1 ToC Brigitte Jansen & Harry 14/10/2016 van Biessum, NISV 0.2 Draft Brigitte Jansen & Harry 04/11/2016 First draft van Biessum, NISV 0.3 Draft Zane Grosa, NLL 09/10/2016 Chapter 3.5 0.4 Draft Laura Miles, BL 15/11/2016 Chapters 3.4, 3.8, 5.1, 7 0.5 Draft Karen Williams, State 17/11/2016 Chapters 3.9, 7 and University Library Denmark 0.6 Draft Marianna Anastasiou, 17/11/2016 Chapter 3.6 FMS 0.7 Draft Brigitte Jansen, Maarten 18/11/2016 Incorporating feedback by Brinkerink & Harry van reviewer and Europeana Biessum, NISV Sounds partner 0.8 Draft David Haskiya, EF 28/11/2016 Added Chapter 3.2.2 0.9 Final draft Maarten Brinkerink & 28/11/2016 Finalise all chapters Harry van Biessum, NISV 1.0 Final Laura Miles & Richard 30/11/2016 Layout, minor changes Ranft, BL Review and approval Action Name, organisation Date Sindy Meijer, Wikimedia Chapter Netherland 16/11/2016 Reviewed by Liam Wyatt, EF 24/11/2016 Approved by Coordinator and PMB 30/11/2016 Distribution No. -
The Culture of Wikipedia
Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia Good Faith Collaboration The Culture of Wikipedia Joseph Michael Reagle Jr. Foreword by Lawrence Lessig The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. Web edition, Copyright © 2011 by Joseph Michael Reagle Jr. CC-NC-SA 3.0 Purchase at Amazon.com | Barnes and Noble | IndieBound | MIT Press Wikipedia's style of collaborative production has been lauded, lambasted, and satirized. Despite unease over its implications for the character (and quality) of knowledge, Wikipedia has brought us closer than ever to a realization of the centuries-old Author Bio & Research Blog pursuit of a universal encyclopedia. Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia is a rich ethnographic portrayal of Wikipedia's historical roots, collaborative culture, and much debated legacy. Foreword Preface to the Web Edition Praise for Good Faith Collaboration Preface Extended Table of Contents "Reagle offers a compelling case that Wikipedia's most fascinating and unprecedented aspect isn't the encyclopedia itself — rather, it's the collaborative culture that underpins it: brawling, self-reflexive, funny, serious, and full-tilt committed to the 1. Nazis and Norms project, even if it means setting aside personal differences. Reagle's position as a scholar and a member of the community 2. The Pursuit of the Universal makes him uniquely situated to describe this culture." —Cory Doctorow , Boing Boing Encyclopedia "Reagle provides ample data regarding the everyday practices and cultural norms of the community which collaborates to 3. Good Faith Collaboration produce Wikipedia. His rich research and nuanced appreciation of the complexities of cultural digital media research are 4. The Puzzle of Openness well presented. -
The Wikipedia Diversity Observatory a Project to Identify and Bridge Content Gaps in Wikipedia
The Wikipedia Diversity Observatory A Project to Identify and Bridge Content Gaps in Wikipedia Marc Miquel-Ribé David Laniado Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT 1 Introduction In this paper we present the Wikipedia Diversity Observatory, Wikipedia is among the largest information repositories on the a project aimed to increase diversity within Wikipedia Internet that are both multilingual and created through language editions. The project includes dashboards with collaborative effort. Its prime objective1 is to "give free access visualizations and tools which show the gaps in terms of to the sum of all human knowledge" and, consequently, it exists concepts not represented or not shared across languages. The in as many as 309 languages. Even though the language dashboards are built on datasets generated for each of the more communities make the projects grow on a constant basis, the than 300 language editions, with features that label each article content does not represent the existing diversity in peoples, according to different categories relevant to overall content places, and cultures of the world; furthermore, there is a gap diversity. Through various examples, we show how the tools between language editions and articles often are not shared, or encourage and help editors to bridge the gaps in Wikipedia remain even unique to one language [1]. The creation of articles content. Finally, we discuss the project's impact on the in Wikipedia language editions is spontaneous and non- communities and implications for the Wikimedia movement, in directed. Several studies showed that cultural and geographical a moment in which covering diversity is considered strategic. -
Explaining Cultural Borders on Wikipedia Through Multilingual Co-Editing Activity
Samoilenko et al. EPJ Data Science (2016)5:9 DOI 10.1140/epjds/s13688-016-0070-8 REGULAR ARTICLE OpenAccess Linguistic neighbourhoods: explaining cultural borders on Wikipedia through multilingual co-editing activity Anna Samoilenko1,2*, Fariba Karimi1,DanielEdler3, Jérôme Kunegis2 and Markus Strohmaier1,2 *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract 1GESIS - Leibniz-Institute for the Social Sciences, 6-8 Unter In this paper, we study the network of global interconnections between language Sachsenhausen, Cologne, 50667, communities, based on shared co-editing interests of Wikipedia editors, and show Germany that although English is discussed as a potential lingua franca of the digital space, its 2University of Koblenz-Landau, Koblenz, Germany domination disappears in the network of co-editing similarities, and instead local Full list of author information is connections come to the forefront. Out of the hypotheses we explored, bilingualism, available at the end of the article linguistic similarity of languages, and shared religion provide the best explanations for the similarity of interests between cultural communities. Population attraction and geographical proximity are also significant, but much weaker factors bringing communities together. In addition, we present an approach that allows for extracting significant cultural borders from editing activity of Wikipedia users, and comparing a set of hypotheses about the social mechanisms generating these borders. Our study sheds light on how culture is reflected in the collective process -
The Case of Croatian Wikipedia: Encyclopaedia of Knowledge Or Encyclopaedia for the Nation?
The Case of Croatian Wikipedia: Encyclopaedia of Knowledge or Encyclopaedia for the Nation? 1 Authorial statement: This report represents the evaluation of the Croatian disinformation case by an external expert on the subject matter, who after conducting a thorough analysis of the Croatian community setting, provides three recommendations to address the ongoing challenges. The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Wikimedia Foundation. The Wikimedia Foundation is publishing the report for transparency. Executive Summary Croatian Wikipedia (Hr.WP) has been struggling with content and conduct-related challenges, causing repeated concerns in the global volunteer community for more than a decade. With support of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees, the Foundation retained an external expert to evaluate the challenges faced by the project. The evaluation, conducted between February and May 2021, sought to assess whether there have been organized attempts to introduce disinformation into Croatian Wikipedia and whether the project has been captured by ideologically driven users who are structurally misaligned with Wikipedia’s five pillars guiding the traditional editorial project setup of the Wikipedia projects. Croatian Wikipedia represents the Croatian standard variant of the Serbo-Croatian language. Unlike other pluricentric Wikipedia language projects, such as English, French, German, and Spanish, Serbo-Croatian Wikipedia’s community was split up into Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, and the original Serbo-Croatian wikis starting in 2003. The report concludes that this structure enabled local language communities to sort by points of view on each project, often falling along political party lines in the respective regions. -
Master Thesis
MASTER THESIS TITLE : Cultural configuration of Wikipedia: measuring Autoreferentiality in different languages MASTER DEGREE: Master of Science in Telecommunication Engineering & Management AUTHOR: Marc Miquel Ribe´ DIRECTOR: Horacio Rodr´ıguez Hontoria TUTOR: Sebastia` Sallent Ribes DATE: March 31, 2011 T´ıtol : Cultural configuration of Wikipedia: measuring Autoreferentiality in different languages Autor: Marc Miquel Ribe´ Director: Horacio Rodr´ıguez Hontoria Tutor: Sebastia` Sallent Ribes Data: 31 de marc¸de 2011 Resum ”Wikipedia es´ un projecte enciclopedic` multiling¨ue, col·laboratiu, basat en web i sense anim` de lucre impulsat per la Fundacio´ Wikimedia”, aix´ı es´ com s’autodescriu Wikipedia en la definicio´ de l’article que du el seu nom. Aixo` significa que l’enciclopedia` pot ser modificada en qualsevol moment, per qualsevol persona i des de qualsevol lloc. Aquestes premisses i la seva gran participacio´ fan que es tracti d’un excel·lent objecte social d’estudi, que a la vegada, per tractar-se d’un artefacte tecnologic,` permeti tambe´ l’´us de tecniques` de processament llenguatge natural, obtencio´ i mineria de dades. Tanmateix, en la recerca actual hi ha una clara mancanc¸a en software que pugui aproximar-s’hi d’una manera integral. Tenint en compte aquest buit realitzem una caracteritzacio´ de Wikipedia amb l’objectiu de coneixer` a fons quins son´ els elements i estructures d’informacio´ que conte´ i com despres´ poden obtenir-se mitjanc¸ant una eina anal´ıtica. Partim de l’API existent anomenada wikAPIdia, que desenvolupem fins a incloure-hi noves funcionalitats i posar-la apunt per a encarar m´ultiples escenaris i problematiques` de les ciencies` socials. -
Measuring Wikipedia PREPRINT 2005-04-12
Jakob Voss: Measuring Wikipedia PREPRINT 2005-04-12 * Measuring Wikipedia Jakob Voß (Humboldt-University of Berlin, Institute for library science) [email protected] Abstract: Wikipedia, an international project that uses Wiki software to collaboratively create an encyclopaedia, is becoming more and more popular. Everyone can directly edit articles and every edit is recorded. The version history of all articles is freely available and allows a multitude of examinations. This paper gives an overview on Wikipedia research. Wikipedia’s fundamental components, i.e. articles, authors, edits, and links, as well as con- tent and quality are analysed. Possibilities of research are explored including examples and first results. Several characteristics that are found in Wikipedia, such as exponential growth and scale-free networks are already known in other context. However the Wiki architecture also possesses some intrinsic specialities. General trends are measured that are typical for all Wikipedias but vary between languages in detail. Introduction Wikipedia is an international online project which attempts to create a free encyclopaedia in multiple languages. Using Wiki software, thousand of volunteers have collaboratively and successfully edited articles. Within three years, the world’s largest Open Content project has achieved more than 1.500.000 articles, outnumbering all other encyclopaedias. Still there is little research about the pro- ject or on Wikis at all.1 Most reflection on Wikipedia is raised within the community of its contribut- ors. This paper gives a first overview and outlook on Wikipedia research. Wikipedia is particularly in- teresting to cybermetric research because of the richness of phenomena and because its data is fully accessible. -
Modeling Communities in Information Systems: Informal Learning Communities in Social Media"
"Modeling Communities in Information Systems: Informal Learning Communities in Social Media" Von der Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Naturwissenschaften der RWTH Aachen University zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades einer Doktorin der Naturwissenschaften genehmigte Dissertation vorgelegt von Zinayida Kensche, geb. Petrushyna, MSc. aus Odessa, Ukraine Berichter: Universitätsprofessor Professor Dr. Matthias Jarke Universitätsprofessor Professor Dr. Marcus Specht Privatdozent Dr. Ralf Klamma Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 17.11.2015 Diese Dissertation ist auf den Internetseiten der Universitätsbibliothek online verfügbar. i c Copyright by 2016 All Rights Reserved ii Abstract Information modeling is required for creating a successful information system while modeling of communities is pivotal for maintaining community information systems (CIS). Online social media, a special case of CIS, have been intensively used but not usually adopted for learning community needs. Thus community stakeholders meet problems by supporting learning communities in social media. Under the prism of Community of Practice theory, such communities have three dimensions that are responsible for community sustainability: mutual engagement, joint enterprises and shared repertoire. Existing modeling solutions use either perspectives of learning theories, or anal- ysis of learner or community data captured in social media but rarely combine both approaches. Therefore, current solutions produce community models that supply only a part of community stakeholders with information that can hardly describe community success and failure. We also claim that community models must be created based on community data analysis integrated with our learning community dimensions. More- over, the models need to be adapted according to environmental changes. This work provides a solution to continuous modeling of informal learning com- munities in social media.