Wikimania Is an Annual Global Event Devoted to Wikimedia Projects
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1 Wikipedia: an Effective Anarchy Dariusz Jemielniak, Ph.D
Wikipedia: An Effective Anarchy Dariusz Jemielniak, Ph.D. Kozminski University [email protected] Paper presented at the Society for Applied Anthropology conference in Baltimore, MD (USA), 27-31 March, 2012 (work in progress) This paper is the first report from a virtual ethnographic study (Hine, 2000; Kozinets, 2010) of Wikipedia community conducted 2006-2012, by the use of participative methods, and relying on an narrative analysis of Wikipedia organization (Czarniawska, 2000; Boje, 2001; Jemielniak & Kostera, 2010). It serves as a general introduction to Wikipedia community, and is also a basis for a discussion of a book in progress, which is going to address the topic. Contrarily to a common misconception, Wikipedia was not the first “wiki” in the world. “Wiki” (originated from Hawaiian word for “quick” or “fast”, and named after “Wiki Wiki Shuttle” on Honolulu International Airport) is a website technology based on a philosophy of tracking changes added by the users, with a simplified markup language (allowing easy additions of, e.g. bold, italics, or tables, without the need to learn full HTML syntax), and was originally created and made public in 1995 by Ward Cunningam, as WikiWikiWeb. WikiWikiWeb was an attractive choice among enterprises and was used for communication, collaborative ideas development, documentation, intranet, knowledge management, etc. It grew steadily in popularity, when Jimmy “Jimbo” Wales, then the CEO of Bomis Inc., started up his encyclopedic project in 2000: Nupedia. Nupedia was meant to be an online encyclopedia, with free content, and written by experts. In an attempt to meet the standards set by professional encyclopedias, the creators of Nupedia based it on a peer-review process, and not a wiki-type software. -
Universality, Similarity, and Translation in the Wikipedia Inter-Language Link Network
In Search of the Ur-Wikipedia: Universality, Similarity, and Translation in the Wikipedia Inter-language Link Network Morten Warncke-Wang1, Anuradha Uduwage1, Zhenhua Dong2, John Riedl1 1GroupLens Research Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering 2Dept. of Information Technical Science University of Minnesota Nankai University Minneapolis, Minnesota Tianjin, China {morten,uduwage,riedl}@cs.umn.edu [email protected] ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION Wikipedia has become one of the primary encyclopaedic in- The world: seven seas separating seven continents, seven formation repositories on the World Wide Web. It started billion people in 193 nations. The world's knowledge: 283 in 2001 with a single edition in the English language and has Wikipedias totalling more than 20 million articles. Some since expanded to more than 20 million articles in 283 lan- of the content that is contained within these Wikipedias is guages. Criss-crossing between the Wikipedias is an inter- probably shared between them; for instance it is likely that language link network, connecting the articles of one edition they will all have an article about Wikipedia itself. This of Wikipedia to another. We describe characteristics of ar- leads us to ask whether there exists some ur-Wikipedia, a ticles covered by nearly all Wikipedias and those covered by set of universal knowledge that any human encyclopaedia only a single language edition, we use the network to under- will contain, regardless of language, culture, etc? With such stand how we can judge the similarity between Wikipedias a large number of Wikipedia editions, what can we learn based on concept coverage, and we investigate the flow of about the knowledge in the ur-Wikipedia? translation between a selection of the larger Wikipedias. -
Community and Communication
Community and 12 Communication A large, diverse, and thriving group of volun- teers produces encyclopedia articles and administers Wikipedia. Over time, members of the Wikipedia community have developed conventions for interacting with each other, processes for managing content, and policies for minimizing disruptions and maximizing use- ful work. In this chapter, we’ll discuss where to find other contributors and how to ask for help with any topic. We’ll also explain ways in which community members interact with each other. Though most discussion occurs on talk pages, Wikipedia has some central community forums for debate about the site’s larger policies and more specific issues. We’ll also talk about the make-up of the community. First, however, we’ll outline aspects of Wikipedia’s shared culture, from key philosophies about how contributors How Wikipedia Works (C) 2008 by Phoebe Ayers, Charles Matthews, and Ben Yates should interact with each other to some long-running points of debate to some friendly practices that have arisen over time. Although explicit site policies cover content guidelines and social norms, informal philosophies and practices help keep the Wikipedia community of contributors together. Wikipedia’s Culture Wikipedia’s community has grown spontaneously and organically—a recipe for a baffling culture rich with in-jokes and insider references. But core tenets of the wiki way, like Assume Good Faith and Please Don’t Bite the Newcomers, have been with the community since the beginning. Assumptions on Arrival Wikipedians try to treat new editors well. Assume Good Faith (AGF) is a funda- mental philosophy, as well as an official guideline (shortcut WP:AGF) on Wikipedia. -
A Topic-Aligned Multilingual Corpus of Wikipedia Articles for Studying Information Asymmetry in Low Resource Languages
Proceedings of the 12th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2020), pages 2373–2380 Marseille, 11–16 May 2020 c European Language Resources Association (ELRA), licensed under CC-BY-NC A Topic-Aligned Multilingual Corpus of Wikipedia Articles for Studying Information Asymmetry in Low Resource Languages Dwaipayan Roy, Sumit Bhatia, Prateek Jain GESIS - Cologne, IBM Research - Delhi, IIIT - Delhi [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Wikipedia is the largest web-based open encyclopedia covering more than three hundred languages. However, different language editions of Wikipedia differ significantly in terms of their information coverage. We present a systematic comparison of information coverage in English Wikipedia (most exhaustive) and Wikipedias in eight other widely spoken languages (Arabic, German, Hindi, Korean, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish and Turkish). We analyze the content present in the respective Wikipedias in terms of the coverage of topics as well as the depth of coverage of topics included in these Wikipedias. Our analysis quantifies and provides useful insights about the information gap that exists between different language editions of Wikipedia and offers a roadmap for the Information Retrieval (IR) community to bridge this gap. Keywords: Wikipedia, Knowledge base, Information gap 1. Introduction other with respect to the coverage of topics as well as Wikipedia is the largest web-based encyclopedia covering the amount of information about overlapping topics. -
Modeling Popularity and Reliability of Sources in Multilingual Wikipedia
information Article Modeling Popularity and Reliability of Sources in Multilingual Wikipedia Włodzimierz Lewoniewski * , Krzysztof W˛ecel and Witold Abramowicz Department of Information Systems, Pozna´nUniversity of Economics and Business, 61-875 Pozna´n,Poland; [email protected] (K.W.); [email protected] (W.A.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 31 March 2020; Accepted: 7 May 2020; Published: 13 May 2020 Abstract: One of the most important factors impacting quality of content in Wikipedia is presence of reliable sources. By following references, readers can verify facts or find more details about described topic. A Wikipedia article can be edited independently in any of over 300 languages, even by anonymous users, therefore information about the same topic may be inconsistent. This also applies to use of references in different language versions of a particular article, so the same statement can have different sources. In this paper we analyzed over 40 million articles from the 55 most developed language versions of Wikipedia to extract information about over 200 million references and find the most popular and reliable sources. We presented 10 models for the assessment of the popularity and reliability of the sources based on analysis of meta information about the references in Wikipedia articles, page views and authors of the articles. Using DBpedia and Wikidata we automatically identified the alignment of the sources to a specific domain. Additionally, we analyzed the changes of popularity and reliability in time and identified growth leaders in each of the considered months. The results can be used for quality improvements of the content in different languages versions of Wikipedia. -
New Perspectives on the Use of Web 2.0 by Statistical Offices
BLOGS, WIKIS AND OFFICIAL STATISTICS: New perspectives on the use of Web 2.0 by statistical offices Jessica Gardner 111 Blogs and wikis have been around for a while now, but not much has been written on how statistical agencies could, should and are using them to communicate statistical information or monitor usage of statistics. What is happening in the world of blogs, wikis, social networking and other Web 2.0 applications today, how is it impacting official statistics and what might be expected in the future? WEB 2.0 TODAY Put simply, “Web 2.0” is the term used to describe a new wave of Internet technologies that allows users to do more than just access information online – they can add, change or influence Web content. Also known as social computing, user-created content or the participative Web, “Web 2.0” was originally coined by O’Reilly Media Chief Executive Officer, Tim O’Reilly, in 2004. It was intended to describe the thriving new Web that emerged after the 2001 dot-com crash, acknowledging the “exciting new applications and sites popping up with surprising regularity”. Debate continues over the meaning and appropriate use of the term and the numerous definitions do little to clarify what is and what is not Web 2.0. Nevertheless, the Web has clearly become a place where people meet and interact – and where anyone can create content online. Examples of what can be considered Web 2.0 applications and tools are all around us: blogs, wikis, photo-and video- sharing, social networking sites, folksonomies (user-generated taxonomies), mashups and virtual worlds. -
From Faculty Enemy to Faculty Enabler
Wikipedia @ 20 • ::Wikipedia @ 20 9 The First Twenty Years of Teaching with Wikipedia: From Faculty Enemy to Faculty Enabler Robert E. Cummings Published on: Oct 15, 2020 Updated on: Nov 16, 2020 License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0) Wikipedia @ 20 • ::Wikipedia @ 20 9 The First Twenty Years of Teaching with Wikipedia: From Faculty Enemy to Faculty Enabler Wikipedia jumbles the faculty roles of teaching, researching, and service by challenging traditional notions of faculty expertise, but a more integrated approach for these roles is also possible. I have never been able to see Wikipedia without the lens of a faculty member. On the one hand, I subconsciously carry with me perpetual concerns about accuracy and reliability. I am often trying to prove to myself that Wikipedia is legitimate work: it is, after all, the world’s largest encyclopedia. Writing to Wikipedia follows a set of complicated rules. So if it is a serious project with rules and enforcers and the world relies on its information, it ought to be universally accepted. And on the other hand? I want Wikipedia to be a lark. I also want Wikipedia to be a place where I wander freely and learn lots and lots of information. A guilty pleasure, not unlike pulling a book off a library shelf and simply reading it. I suspect that these anxieties I experience might speak to inherent conflict in being a faculty member while engaging Wikipedia. Reading Wikipedia, contributing to Wikipedia, and certainly teaching with Wikipedia jumble and reconfigure the faculty identities of teacher and researcher because they recontextualize our relationships with expertise itself. -
L'exemple De Wikipédia Laure Endrizzi Chargée D'études Et De Recherche, Cellule Veille Scientifique Et Technologique, INRP, Lyon
La communauté comme auteur et éditeur : l’exemple de Wikipédia Laure Endrizzi To cite this version: Laure Endrizzi. La communauté comme auteur et éditeur : l’exemple de Wikipédia. Journée nationale du réseau des URFIST : Evaluation et validation de l’information sur internet, Jan 2007, Paris, France. edutice-00184888 HAL Id: edutice-00184888 https://edutice.archives-ouvertes.fr/edutice-00184888 Submitted on 2 Nov 2007 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Journée d'études des URFIST 31 janvier 2007, Paris « Evaluation et validation de l'information sur internet » La communauté comme auteur et éditeur : l'exemple de Wikipédia Laure Endrizzi chargée d'études et de recherche, cellule Veille scientifique et technologique, INRP, Lyon Résumé L’ensemble des technologies dites 2.0 place l’usager au cœur de la création des contenus numériques tout en l’inscrivant dans une dynamique collective. Ces transformations remettent en cause le modèle éditorial traditionnel, sans offrir de représentations claires et stabilisées des modes de production et de validation qui sont à l’œuvre. Avec l’exemple de Wikipédia, nous tenterons de comprendre les mécanismes de la régulation éditoriale, pour ensuite nous interroger sur les formes d’expertise sollicitées et les figures de l’auteur. -
The Culture of Wikipedia
Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia Good Faith Collaboration The Culture of Wikipedia Joseph Michael Reagle Jr. Foreword by Lawrence Lessig The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. Web edition, Copyright © 2011 by Joseph Michael Reagle Jr. CC-NC-SA 3.0 Purchase at Amazon.com | Barnes and Noble | IndieBound | MIT Press Wikipedia's style of collaborative production has been lauded, lambasted, and satirized. Despite unease over its implications for the character (and quality) of knowledge, Wikipedia has brought us closer than ever to a realization of the centuries-old Author Bio & Research Blog pursuit of a universal encyclopedia. Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia is a rich ethnographic portrayal of Wikipedia's historical roots, collaborative culture, and much debated legacy. Foreword Preface to the Web Edition Praise for Good Faith Collaboration Preface Extended Table of Contents "Reagle offers a compelling case that Wikipedia's most fascinating and unprecedented aspect isn't the encyclopedia itself — rather, it's the collaborative culture that underpins it: brawling, self-reflexive, funny, serious, and full-tilt committed to the 1. Nazis and Norms project, even if it means setting aside personal differences. Reagle's position as a scholar and a member of the community 2. The Pursuit of the Universal makes him uniquely situated to describe this culture." —Cory Doctorow , Boing Boing Encyclopedia "Reagle provides ample data regarding the everyday practices and cultural norms of the community which collaborates to 3. Good Faith Collaboration produce Wikipedia. His rich research and nuanced appreciation of the complexities of cultural digital media research are 4. The Puzzle of Openness well presented. -
COI Editing and Its Discontents
Wikipedia @ 20 Paid With Interest: COI Editing and its Discontents William Beutler Published on: Jun 10, 2019 Updated on: Jun 19, 2019 License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0) Wikipedia @ 20 Paid With Interest: COI Editing and its Discontents Image credit: Jim Pennucci. 1. Everyone involved with Wikipedia has some kind of interest in what it says. In the classic formulation, its volunteer editors are inspired to empower a global audience by compiling information in an accessible format. Practically speaking, though, most participate because the project appeals to their personality, their sense of justice, or there's an ego boost in deciding what the world knows about their pet subject. Its readers care simply because they want to learn something. For the most part, this works very well. Things are rather different when the motivation is financial. Most contributors consider editing Wikipedia to promote a business a morally different endeavor, and its readers, too, may be alarmed to learn some edits are made not to benevolently share knowledge with the world, but because the writer has a material stake in how the topic is represented. And yet the structure of Wikipedia makes this tension inevitable. The site's vast influence owes something to the fact that anyone can influence it, so when those described in its virtual pages decide to do exactly that, the result is one of Wikipedia's most challenging existential dilemmas. Wikipedia's favored terminology for this is "conflict of interest", referred to in shorthand as "COI"— although other terms such as "paid editing" or "paid advocacy" are often encountered. -
How to Contribute Climate Change Information to Wikipedia : a Guide
HOW TO CONTRIBUTE CLIMATE CHANGE INFORMATION TO WIKIPEDIA Emma Baker, Lisa McNamara, Beth Mackay, Katharine Vincent; ; © 2021, CDKN This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction, provided the original work is properly credited. Cette œuvre est mise à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode), qui permet l’utilisation, la distribution et la reproduction sans restriction, pourvu que le mérite de la création originale soit adéquatement reconnu. IDRC Grant/ Subvention du CRDI: 108754-001-CDKN knowledge accelerator for climate compatible development How to contribute climate change information to Wikipedia A guide for researchers, practitioners and communicators Contents About this guide .................................................................................................................................................... 5 1 Why Wikipedia is an important tool to communicate climate change information .................................................................................................................................. 7 1.1 Enhancing the quality of online climate change information ............................................. 8 1.2 Sharing your work more widely ......................................................................................................8 1.3 Why researchers should -
Wikipedia Editing History in Dbpedia Fabien Gandon, Raphael Boyer, Olivier Corby, Alexandre Monnin
Wikipedia editing history in DBpedia Fabien Gandon, Raphael Boyer, Olivier Corby, Alexandre Monnin To cite this version: Fabien Gandon, Raphael Boyer, Olivier Corby, Alexandre Monnin. Wikipedia editing history in DB- pedia : extracting and publishing the encyclopedia editing activity as linked data. IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conference on Web Intelligence (WI’ 16), Oct 2016, Omaha, United States. hal- 01359575 HAL Id: hal-01359575 https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01359575 Submitted on 2 Sep 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Wikipedia editing history in DBpedia extracting and publishing the encyclopedia editing activity as linked data Fabien Gandon, Raphael Boyer, Olivier Corby, Alexandre Monnin Université Côte d’Azur, Inria, CNRS, I3S, France Wimmics, Sophia Antipolis, France [email protected] Abstract— DBpedia is a huge dataset essentially extracted example, the French editing history dump represents 2TB of from the content and structure of Wikipedia. We present a new uncompressed data. This data extraction is performed by extraction producing a linked data representation of the editing stream in Node.js with a MongoDB instance. It takes 4 days to history of Wikipedia pages. This supports custom querying and extract 55 GB of RDF in turtle on 8 Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5- combining with other data providing new indicators and insights.