DOCSLIB.ORG

Caracterización De Especies De La Familia Pythiaceae Asociadas Al Cultivo De Soja En La Provincia De Buenos Aires

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Caracterización De Especies De La Familia Pythiaceae Asociadas Al Cultivo De Soja En La Provincia De Buenos Aires UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE LA PLATA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS NATURALES Y MUSEO TESIS PARA OPTAR AL TÍTULO DE DOCTOR EN CIENCIAS NATURALES CARACTERIZACIÓN DE ESPECIES DE LA FAMILIA PYTHIACEAE ASOCIADAS AL CULTIVO DE SOJA EN LA PROVINCIA DE BUENOS AIRES Presentada por: PABLO ENRIQUE GRIJALBA Directora 1: Dra. Mónica M. Steciow Directora 2: Dra. Azucena del C. Ridao La Plata, 2018 1 AGRADECIMIENTOS A mi esposa Tucha e hijos (Fede, Santi y Pau) que me acompañan cada día. A la Dra. Mónica Steciow por dirigirme en este trabajo, por sus sugerencias y comentarios. A la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo (FCNYM) por brindarme la posibilidad de realizar este trabajo. A la Dra. Azucena del Carmen Ridao (Unidad Integrada Balcarce INTA/UNMdP) por dirigirme en este trabajo, por su apoyo, conocimientos y sugerencias. A la Dra. Gloria Abad, investigadora líder en Oomycetes en el “USDA- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory (MDL)”, por brindar todos sus conocimientos en forma desinteresada. A la Dra. Paloma Abad Campos de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia por aceptarme para una estancia en el tema: Oomycetes fitopatógenos. A la Dra. Carolina Martínez del Instituto de Biotecnología INTA Castelar, por brindarme el apoyo y conocimiento para efectuar técnicas moleculares. Al Lic. Eduardo Güillín por su colaboración en los análisis de genética poblacional y por compartir sus conocimientos en los trabajos efectuados. A la Dra. Silvina Steward, del INIA La Estanzuela Rep. Oriental del Uruguay, por la provisión de ADN y cultivares diferenciales de Ph. sojae. A la Dra. Hemilse Palmucci por compartir el descubrimiento y conocimiento de los Oomycetes Fitopatógenos. 2 INDICE GENERAL AGRADECIMIENTOS 2 INDICE GENERAL 3 INDICE DE TABLAS 7 INDICE DE FIGURAS 8 RESUMEN 12 ABSTRACT 15 INTRODUCCIÓN GENERAL 18 1. UBICACIÓN TAXONÓMICA DE LA FAMILIA PYTHIACEAE 20 2. CARACTERIZACIÓN MORFOLÓGICA DE LOS GÉNEROS Pythium, Phytophthora Y 24 Phytopythium 3. CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL CULTIVO DE SOJA EN LAS ZONAS EN ESTUDIO 28 4. ESTUDIOS EFECTUADOS EN ARGENTINA 30 5. HIPOTESIS 32 6. OBJETIVOS 32 6.1. OBJETIVO GENERAL 32 6.2. OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS 32 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS (COMUNES) 33 1. MUESTREO DE CAMPOS 33 2. GRANOS DE SOJA POSCOSECHA (Semillas) 34 3. TÉCNICAS DE AISLAMIENTO DE LOS FITOPATÓGENOS Y MANTENIMIENTO DE LA 34 COLECCIÓN 3.1. Aislamiento 35 3.1.1. A partir de tejidos afectados 35 3.1.2. Aislamientos a partir de suelos 35 3.1.3. Aislamiento a partir de granos 35 3.2. Mantenimiento de la colección 36 4. IDENTIFICACIÓN Y DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS AISLAMIENTOS 36 4.1. Identificación y caracterización morfológica de los aislamientos 36 4.2. Identificación y caracterización de los aislamientos por métodos moleculares 36 4.2.1. Extracción de ADN 37 4.2.2. Amplificación de rADN 37 4.2.3. Purificación y secuenciación de rADN 38 5. CONSTRUCCIÓN DE ÁRBOLES FILOGENÉTICOS 38 CAPITULO I. ESPECIES DE Pythium Y DE Phytopythium PATÓGENAS y 39 ASOCIADAS A RAÍCES DE SOJA INTRODUCCIÓN 40 3 1. AGENTES CAUSALES 41 2. EPIDEMIOLOGÍA, SINTOMATOLOGÍA Y DAÑO 42 3. MANEJO 44 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS 46 1. IDENTIFICACIÓN Y CARACTERIZACIÓN MORFOLÓGICA DE LOS AISLAMIENTOS 46 2. PRUEBAS DE PATOGENICIDAD 47 2.1. Ensayo de patogenicidad in-vitro 47 2.2. Ensayo de patogenicidad in-vivo 47 2.3. Ensayo exploratorio de patogenicidad de Phytopythium 48 3. Respuesta de tres especies de Pythium frente a distintas temperaturas 48 3.1. Tasas diarias de crecimiento 48 4. Ensayos de Manejo con Pythium ultimum, P. irregulare y P. sylvaticum 49 4.1. Control químico, eficacia de diferentes formulados curasemillas 49 4.1.1. Sensibilidad in vitro 49 4.1.2. Eficacia en semillas 50 4.2 Relación entre el gen Rps 1k y la resistencia a Pythium ultimum y P. irregulare en 50 soja RESULTADOS 52 1. IDENTIFICACIÓN Y DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS AISLAMIENTOS 52 1.1. Muestreo de campos, obtención e identificación de los aislamientos 52 1.2. Muestreo y obtención de aislamientos a partir de granos de soja e identificación. 53 1.3. Descripción de los aislamientos 54 1.3.1. Especies del género Pythium 54 1.3.1.1. Especies con esporangios lobulados o filamentosos 56 1.3.1.2. Especies con esporangios esféricos, subesféricos o elipsoidales 65 1.3.1.2.1. Oogonios lisos 65 1.3.1.2.2. Oogonios ornamentados 83 1.3.2. Especies del género Phytopythium 94 1.4. Árbol filogenético de las especies de Pythium y Phytopythium más una secuencia 112 de Phytophthora sojae 2. PRUEBAS DE PATOGENICIDAD 112 2.1. Ensayo de patogenicidad in-vitro 112 2.2. Ensayo de patogenicidad in-vivo 112 2.3. Ensayo de patogenicidad exploratorio con cepas de Phytopythium 114 3. RESPUESTAS DE TRES ESPECIES DE Pythium FRENTE A DISTINTAS 117 TEMPERATURAS 4 3.1. Tasas diarias de crecimiento. 118 4. ENSAYOS DE MANEJO CON Pythium ultimum, P. irregulare Y P. sylvaticum 120 4.1. Control químico, eficacia de diferentes formulados curasemillas 120 4.1.1. Sensibilidad in vitro 120 4.1.2. Eficacia de diferentes formulados curasemillas 120 4.1.2.1. Ensayo A) 120 4.1.2.2. Ensayo B) 121 4.2. Relación entre el gen Rps 1k y la resistencia a Pythium ultimum y P. irregulare en 121 soja DISCUSIÓN 123 CAPITULO II. Phytophthora sojae AGENTE CAUSAL DE LA PODREDUMBRE DE 130 RAÍZ Y LA BASE DEL TALLO DE LA SOJA INTRODUCCIÓN 131 1. AGENTE CAUSAL 133 1.1 Variabilidad de Phytophthora sojae 134 1.2. Síntomas de la enfermedad 137 2. CICLO DE LA ENFERMEDAD Y CONDICIONES PREDISPONENTES 138 3. MANEJO DE LA ENFERMEDAD 139 3.1. Resistencia raza específica 139 3.2. Resistencia parcial (RP) o no específica (tolerancia) 140 3.3. Otras medidas de manejo 140 3.3.1. Uso de fungicidas específicos 140 3.3.2. Rotación de cultivos 141 3.3.3. Buen drenaje 141 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS 141 1. VIRULENCIA EN LA SUBREGIÓN PAMPEANA NORTE DURANTE EL INTERVALO 142 1998-2004 2. VIRULENCIA EN EL NBA Y SEBA DURANTE EL INTERVALO 2013-2016 143 2.1. Identificación de los aislamientos y almacenamiento 143 2.2. Evaluación de la virulencia de los aislamientos (Determinación de razas o 143 fórmulas de virulencia específica) 2.2.1. Corroboración del patrón de virulencia de la reacción de los genotipos 144 de soja diferenciales 2.3. Técnica de inoculación 144 3. RELACIÓN GENÉTICA ENTRE AISLAMIENTOS DE Ph. sojae PROVENIENTES DEL 145 NBA Y SEBA UTILIZANDO MARCADORES SSRS. 3.1. Curvas de acumulación de haplotipos 148 3.2. Caracterización por locus 149 5 3.3. Diversidad haplotípica 149 3.4. AMOVA 150 3.5. Análisis discriminante de componentes principales 150 3.6. Análisis de redes 151 RESULTADOS 153 1. VIRULENCIA EN LA SUBREGIÓN PAMPEANA NORTE DURANTE EL INTERVALO 153 1998-2004 2. VIRULENCIA EN EL NBA Y SEBA DURANTE EL INTERVALO 2013-2016 156 2.1. Identificación de los aislamientos y almacenamiento 156 2.2. Evaluación de la virulencia de los aislamientos (Determinación de razas o 156 fórmulas de virulencia específica) 2.2.1 Corroboración del patrón de virulencia de la reacción de los genotipos de 160 soja diferenciales 3. RELACIÓN GENÉTICA ENTRE AISLAMIENTOS DE Ph. sojae PROVENIENTES DEL 161 NBA Y SEBA UTILIZANDO MARCADORES SSRs. 3.1. Curva de acumulación de haplotipos 161 3.2. Caracterización por locus 162 3.3. Diversidad haplotípica 163 3.3.1. Análisis por regiones 164 3.4. AMOVA 164 3.5. Análisis discriminante de componentes principales (ADPC). 165 3.6. Análisis de redes 167 DISCUSIÓN 168 1. RELACIÓN GENÉTICA ENTRE AISLAMIENTOS DE Ph. sojae PROVENIENTES DEL 170 NBA Y SEBA UTILIZANDO MARCADORES SSRs CONCLUSIONES GENERALES 173 BIBLIOGRAFIA 175 ANEXO I. MEDIOS DE CULTIVO GENERALES Y SELECTIVOS 189 ANEXO II. ANÁLISIS ESTADÍSTICOS 191 ANEXO III. TAMAÑO DE BANDAS OBTENIDOS CON LOS 8 MICROSATÉLITES 193 ESPECÍFICOS. ANEXO IV. ANÁLISIS DE SIGNIFICACIÓN DEL AMOVA. 202 ÍNDICE DE TABLAS Tabla 1: Porcentajes de especies de Pythiun aisladas y determinadas entre 53 2013 a 2015 de lotes del NBA y SEBA de la provincia de Buenos Aires. 6 Tabla 2: Porcentajes de especies de Pythiun aisladas y determinadas entre 53 2014 a 2016 de granos provenientes de lotes del NBA y SEBA. Tabla 3: Patogenicidad promedio para dos especies de Phytopythium 113 (método de la capa e inundación). Tabla 4: Patogenicidad in vitro e in vivo de las especies de Pythium y 115 Phytopythium aisladas entre 2013-2016 en las zonas norte y sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Tabla 5: Respuestas de diferentes especies de Pythium frente a distintas 119 temperaturas. Tabla 6: Porcentaje de emergencia promedio y porcentaje de control de 121 semillas de soja tratadas con fungicidas curasemillas y sembradas en suelo inoculado con Pythium spp. Tabla 7: Emergencia de plántulas a los 21 días desde la siembra de 122 genotipos de soja sin inóculo e inoculados con Pythium spp. Tabla 8: Listado de los aislamientos de Phytophthora sojae utilizados 146 para el chequeo de la relación genética utilizando marcadores SSRs. Se detalla origen y patotipo. Tabla 8: Secuencias de iniciadores (primers) y características para los locus 147 de microsatélites polimórficos desarrollados a partir de la secuencia de Ph. sojae. Nombre del locus, número de acceso GenBank, secuencia del iniciador, motivo repetido, rango de tamaño, número de alelos determinados mediante el genotipado del aislamiento P6497 de Ohio, EEUU (extraído de Steward et al., 2011). Tabla 9: Distribución de la virulencia de aislamientos de Phytophthora 148 sojae de la sub-región Pampeana norte entre 1998-2004, probados sobre 8 o 14 genes Rps y 3 líneas experimentales (* probados en Harrow, Canadá). Tabla 10: Distribución de la virulencia de 69 aislamientos de Phytophthora 153 sojae obtenidos en la región NBA durante 2013-2016, chequeados en un grupo de ocho genes Rps.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Title Development of Simple Detection Methods of Plant Pathogenic Oomycetes( 本文(Fulltext) ) Author(S) FENG, WENZHUO Report N
    Development of Simple Detection Methods of Plant Pathogenic Title Oomycetes( 本文(Fulltext) ) Author(s) FENG, WENZHUO Report No.(Doctoral Degree) 博士(農学) 甲第708号 Issue Date 2019-03-13 Type 博士論文 Version ETD URL http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12099/77944 ※この資料の著作権は、各資料の著者・学協会・出版社等に帰属します。 Development of Simple Detection Methods of Plant Pathogenic Oomycetes （植物病原性卵菌類の簡易検出法の開発） 2018 The United Graduate School of Agriculture Science, Gifu University Science of Biological Environment (Gifu University) FENG WENZHUO Development of Simple Detection Methods of Plant Pathogenic Oomycetes （植物病原性卵菌類の簡易検出法の開発） FENG WENZHUO INDEX PREFACE .......................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1 Establishment of simple LAMP procedures with detection of Pythium irregulare in field samples ................................................................... 12 MATERIALS AND METHODS ..................................................................................... 13 RESULTS ................................................................................................................... 17 1. Primer design and specificity ............................................................................... 17 2. Sensitivity of LAMP ............................................................................................. 18 3. Practical detection of P. irregulare in field samples .............................................. 18 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT REEVES, ELLA ROBYN. Pythium Spp. Associated with Root
    ABSTRACT REEVES, ELLA ROBYN. Pythium spp. Associated with Root Rot and Stunting of Winter Field and Cover Crops in North Carolina. (Under the direction of Dr. Barbara Shew and Dr. Jim Kerns). Soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) was valued at over $66 million in North Carolina in 2019, but mild to severe stunting and root rot limit yields in the Coastal Plain region during years with above-average rainfall. Pythium irregulare, P. vanterpoolii, and P. spinosum were previously identified as causal agents of stunting and root rot of winter wheat in this region. Annual double-crop rotation systems that incorporate winter wheat, or other winter crops such as clary sage, rapeseed, or a cover crop are common in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina. Stunting and root rot reduce yields of clary sage, and limit stand establishment and biomass accumulation of other winter crops in wet soils, but the role that Pythium spp. play in root rot of these crops is not understood, To investigate species prevalence, isolates of Pythium were collected from stunted winter wheat, clary sage, rye, rapeseed, and winter pea plants collected in eastern North Carolina during the growing season of 2018-2019, and from all crops except winter wheat again in 2019-2020. A total of 534 isolates were identified from all hosts. P. irregulare (32%), P. vanterpoolii (17%), and P. spinosum (16%) were the species most frequently recovered from wheat. P. irregulare (37% of all isolates) and members of the species complex Pythium sp. cluster B2A (28% of all isolates) comprised the majority of isolates collected from clary sage, rye, rapeseed, and winter pea.
    [Show full text]
  • Caracterización De Especies Fitopatógenas De
    CARACTERIZACIÓN DE ESPECIES FITOPATÓGENAS DE PYTHIUM Y PHYTOPHTHORA (PERONOSPOROMYCETES) EN CULTIVOS ORNAMENTALES DEL CINTURÓN VERDE LA PLATA-BUENOS AIRES Y OTRAS ÁREAS Y CULTIVOS DE INTERÉS TESIS PARA OPTAR AL TÍTULO DE DOCTOR EN CIENCIAS NATURALES FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS NATURALES Y MUSEO UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE LA PLATA HEMILSE ELENA PALMUCCI DIRECTOR: ING. AGR. SILVIA WOLCAN CODIRECTOR: DRA MÓNICA STECIOW AÑO 2015 1 AGRADECIMIENTOS A la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo (FCNYM) por brindarme la posibilidad de realizar este trabajo A la Ing Agr Silvia Wolcan y a la Dra Mónica Steciow por sus sugerencias y comentarios en la ejecución y escritura de esta tesis. A la Dra Gloria Abad, investigadora líder en Oomycetes en el “USDA- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory (MDL)”, por su invalorable y generosa colaboración en mi formación a través de sus conocimientos, por brindarme la posibilidad de llevar a cabo los trabajos moleculares en el MDL-Maryland-USA y apoyar mi participación en workshops internacionales y reuniones de la especialidad. A la Ing Wolcan por aportar su valiosa colección para realizar parte de las tareas de identificación y por los significativos aportes realizados desde su experiencia. A la Dra Gloria Abad, a la Ing. Agr. Silvia Wolcan, al Dr R. Dehley y al Ing. Agr. Carlos Carloni por la provisión de valiosas referencias bibliográficas. Al Ing Agr M Sc Pablo Grijalba por acompañarme en la ardua tarea de introducirnos al mundo de los Oomycetes a través de nuestras tesis doctorales y los proyectos de investigación que compartimos, y por sus consejos y colaboración en aspectos biomoleculares. A mis compañeros del Proyecto Ubacyt, Lic.
    [Show full text]
  • Metalaxyl-M-Resistant Pythium Species in Potato Production Areas of the Pacific Northwest of the U.S.A
    Am. J. Pot Res (2009) 86:315–326 DOI 10.1007/s12230-009-9085-z Metalaxyl-M-Resistant Pythium Species in Potato Production Areas of the Pacific Northwest of the U.S.A. Lyndon D. Porter & Philip B. Hamm & Nicholas L. David & Stacy L. Gieck & Jeffery S. Miller & Babette Gundersen & Debra A. Inglis Published online: 3 April 2009 # Potato Association of America 2009 Abstract Several Pythium species causing leak on potato information is lacking on the distribution of MR isolates in are managed by the systemic fungicide metalaxyl-M. the Pacific Northwest. Soil samples from numerous fields Metalaxyl-M-resistant (MR) isolates of Pythium spp. have (312) cropped to potatoes in Idaho (140), Oregon (59), and been identified in potato production areas of the U.S.A., but Washington (113) were assayed using metalaxyl-M- amended agar for the presence of MR isolates of Pythium in 2004 to 2006. Altogether, 1.4%, 42.4% and 32.7% of the L. D. Porter (*) fields from these states, respectively, were positive for MR Vegetable and Forage Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Pythium. Isolates of Pythium ultimum that were highly 24106 N. Bunn Road, Prosser, WA 99350, USA resistant to metalaxyl were recovered from 53 fields e-mail: [email protected] representing ID, OR, and WA. Greater than 50% of the : Pythium soil population consisted of MR isolates in ten of P. B. Hamm S. L. Gieck 64 fields from Oregon and Washington. Nine species of Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Pythium were recovered from soil samples, of which MR P.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Plant Diagnostic Laboratory at North Dakota State
    2017 Annual Report for the North Dakota State University Extension Plant Diagnostic Lab January 1 through December 31, 2017 Available on-line at http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pdl Compiled by Jesse Ostrander, Alexander Knudson, and Presley Mosher NDSU Plant Diagnostic Lab Department of Plant Pathology College of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Natural Resources Table of Contents About the Lab ................................................................................................................ 3 PERSONNEL ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 NATIONAL PLANT DIAGNOSTIC NETWORK AND NPDN FIRST DETECTOR TRAINING ........................................ 3 ACTIVITIES OF THE NDSU PLANT DIAGNOSTIC LAB ......................................................................................... 4 2017 ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND HIGHLIGHTS ...................................................................................................... 4 Services and Fees ......................................................................................................... 5 Fee Waivers for Extension Personnel ......................................................................... 5 Turn-Around Time ......................................................................................................... 6 Lab Statistics ................................................................................................................. 7 TOTAL SAMPLES
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology and Management of Pythium Species in Float Greenhouse Tobacco Transplant Production
    Ecology and Management of Pythium species in Float Greenhouse Tobacco Transplant Production Xuemei Zhang Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Science Charles S. Johnson, Chair Anton Baudoin Chuanxue Hong T. David Reed December 17, 2020 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: Pythium, diversity, distribution, interactions, virulence, growth stages, disease management, tobacco seedlings, hydroponic, float-bed greenhouses Copyright © 2020, Xuemei Zhang Ecology and Management of Pythium species in Float Greenhouse Tobacco Transplant Production Xuemei Zhang ABSTRACT Pythium diseases are common in the greenhouse production of tobacco transplants and can cause up to 70% seedling loss in hydroponic (float-bed) greenhouses. However, the symptoms and consequences of Pythium diseases are often variable among these greenhouses. A tobacco transplant greenhouse survey was conducted in 2017 in order to investigate the sources of this variability, especially the composition and distribution of Pythium communities within greenhouses. The survey revealed twelve Pythium species. Approximately 80% of the surveyed greenhouses harbored Pythium in at least one of four sites within the greenhouse, including the center walkway, weeds, but especially bay water and tobacco seedlings. Pythium dissotocum, followed by P. myriotylum, were the most common species. Pythium myriotylum, P. coloratum, and P. dissotocum were aggressive pathogens that suppressed seed germination and caused root rot, stunting, foliar chlorosis, and death of tobacco seedlings. Pythium aristosporum, P. porphyrae, P. torulosum, P. inflatum, P. irregulare, P. catenulatum, and a different isolate of P. dissotocum, were weak pathogens, causing root symptoms without affecting the upper part of tobacco seedlings.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Policy Review
    Final policy review A categorisation of invertebrate and pathogen organisms associated with fresh table grape bunches (Vitis spp.) imported from other Australian states and territories Supporting your success Contributing authors Bennington JM Research Officer – Biosecurity and Regulation, Plant Biosecurity Hammond NE Research Officer – Biosecurity and Regulation, Plant Biosecurity Hooper RG Research Officer – Biosecurity and Regulation, Plant Biosecurity Jackson SL Research Officer – Biosecurity and Regulation, Plant Biosecurity Poole MC Research Officer – Biosecurity and Regulation, Plant Biosecurity Tuten SJ Senior Policy Officer – Biosecurity and Regulation, Plant Biosecurity Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia Document citation DAFWA , Final policy review: A categorisation of invertebrate and pathogen organisms associated with fresh table grape bunches (Vitis spp.) imported from other Australian states and territories. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, South Perth. Copyright© Western Australian Agriculture Authority, Western Australian Government materials, including website pages, documents and online graphics, audio and video are protected by copyright law. Copyright of materials created by or for the Department of Agriculture and Food resides with the Western Australian Agriculture Authority established under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the provisions of
    [Show full text]
  • Louisiana Rice Production Handbook Foreword Clayton A
    1 2 Louisiana Rice Production Handbook Foreword Clayton A. Hollier Introduction......................................................................................................................4 Steven D. Linscombe General Agronomic Guidelines.......................................................................................4 Steven D. Linscombe, John K. Saichuk, K. Paul Seilhan, Patrick K. Bollich and Eddie R. Funderburg Growth and Development of the Rice Plant...............................................12 Richard T. Dunand DD-50 Rice Management Program............................................................20 John K. Saichuk, Steven D. Linscombe and Patrick K. Bollich Rice Varieties...........................................................................................23 Kent S. McKenzie, Steven D. Linscombe, Farman L. Jodari, James H. Oard and Lawrence M. White III Soils, Plant Nutrition and Fertilization......................................................32 Patrick K. Bollich, John K. Saichuk and Eddie R. Funderburg Pest Management.....................................................................................37 Weed Management David Jordan and Dearl E. Sanders Disease Management Donald E. Groth, Milton C. Rush and Clayton A. Hollier Insect Management Dennis R. Ring, James Barbour, William C. Rice, Michael Stout and Mark Muegge Blackbird Management James F. Fowler and Joseph A. Musick Harvest and Storage................................................................................95 Harvesting Rice William
    [Show full text]
  • University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting
    INNOVATIVE TOOLS FOR STUDYING PLANT-RELATED OOMYCETE POPULATIONS OF POTENTIAL AND CURRENT THREAT IN AGRICULTURE IN ECUADOR By MARIA FERNANDA RATTI TORRES A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2018 © 2018 Maria Fernanda Ratti Torres To my Obi-Wan Roberto, Yoda one for me. You have been nothing but supportive during these years, you make me proud of being your wife, but above all, you make me immensely happy. This is for you and for a marriage that has been put to rest for so long and it is ready to resume. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank my parents for all their effort and the patience, they are my pillar without whom I could not have pursued my Ph.D. studies. Also to my siblings Andrea and Pablo, my brother in law Carlos and my nephews, not only for their support, but for joking around all the time and cheering me up during this journey. Erica M. Goss deserves a special section only for her, but the formatting will not allow it. I cannot imagine having spent these years under anybody else’s guidance. She always challenged me to be better, to be calmed during stressful situations and to trust in myself. Her advices will be forever in my mind. Doing this research would have been impossible without helping hands around the world: Thanks to Esther Lilia P. for all her support, to Juan C., Carlos A., Jerry L.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Genomic Data to Understand Anthropogenic Influences on Oomycete and Phytophthora Communities, and the Evolution of an Alie
    USING GENOMIC DATA TO UNDERSTAND ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCES ON OOMYCETE AND PHYTOPHTHORA COMMUNITIES, AND THE EVOLUTION OF AN ALIEN INVASIVE SPECIES RESPONSIBLE FOR SUDDEN OAK DEATH, PHYTOPHTHORA RAMORUM. by ANGELA DALE A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (Forestry) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) April 2018 © Angela Dale, 2018 Abstract Emerging Phytophthora pathogens, often introduced, represent a threat to natural ecosystems. Phytophthora species are known for rapid adaptation and hybridization, which may be facilitated by anthropogenic activities. Little is known about natural Phytophthora and oomycete populations, or mechanisms behind rapid adaptation. We surveyed oomycete and Phytophthora communities from southwest B.C. under varying anthropogenic influences (urban, interface, natural) to determine effects on diversity, introductions and migration. We used DNA meta- barcoding to address these questions on oomycetes. We then focused on Phytophthora, adding baiting and culturing methods, and further sub-dividing urban sites into agricultural or residential. Finally, we studied an alien invasive species, Phytophthora ramorum responsible for sudden oak death, and how it overcame the invasion paradox, limited to asexual reproduction and presumed reduced adaptability. Anthropogenic activities increase oomycete and Phytophthora diversity. Putative introduced species and hybrids were more frequent in urban sites. Migration is suggested by shared species between urban and interface sites, and two known invasive species found in natural and interface sites. Different anthropogenic activities influence different communities. Abundance increased for some species in either residential or agricultural sites. Two hybrids appear to be spreading in different agricultural sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Pathogenic and Molecular Characterisation of Pythium Spp
    Gichuru et al. J. Appl. Biosci. 2016 Pathogenic and molecular characterisation of Pythium spp. inducing root rot symptoms in other crops intercropped with beans in Southwestern Uganda Journal of Applied Biosciences 104:9 955 – 99 64 ISSN 1997–5902 Pathogenic and molecular characterisation of Pythium spp. inducing root rot symptoms in other crops intercropped with beans in Southwestern Uganda Virginia Gichuru a, b , Robin Buruchara b and Patrick Okori a a Department of Crop Science, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda b International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Kawanda, Kampala, P.O.Box 6247, Kampala, Uganda Corresponding author:[email protected] Original submitted in on 22 nd April 2016. Published online at www.m.elewa.org on 31st August 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jab.v104i1.8 ABSTRACT Objective: In Southwestern Uganda, bean root rot epidemics associated with Pythium species are frequent despite the use of various management methods. This study set out to determine whether other crops in bean cropping systems of Southwestern Uganda are affected by Pythium root rots and to characterise the Pythium species using Internal transcribed sequence (ITS) DNA primers. Methodology and Results: Root rots were found to occur on maize, sorghum, peas and potato sampled from farmer’s fields where they were found to be intercropped with beans affected by root rot. Pythium species were isolated using Corn meal agar (CMA).DNA was subsequently extracted and polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) analysis carried out using ITS DNA region primers and then the PCR products were sequenced. Twenty-one Pythium species were isolated.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Plant Diagnostic Laboratory at North Dakota State University
    2016 Annual Report for the North Dakota State University Extension Plant Diagnostic Lab January 1 through December 31, 2016 Available on-line at http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pdl Compiled by Jesse Ostrander and Kelsie Mettler NDSU Plant Diagnostic Lab Department of Plant Pathology College of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Natural Resources Annual Report of the Plant Diagnostic Laboratory at North Dakota State University Table of Contents About the Lab ................................................................................................................ 3 PERSONNEL ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 NATIONAL PLANT DIAGNOSTIC NETWORK AND NPDN FIRST DETECTOR TRAINING ........................................ 3 ACTIVITIES OF THE NDSU PLANT DIAGNOSTIC LAB ......................................................................................... 4 2016 ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND HIGHLIGHTS ...................................................................................................... 4 Services and Fees ......................................................................................................... 5 Fee Waivers for Extension Personnel ......................................................................... 5 Turn-Around Time ......................................................................................................... 6 Lab Statistics ................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]