Two New Pythium Species from China Based on the Morphology and DNA Sequence Data
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Phytopythium: Molecular Phylogeny and Systematics
Persoonia 34, 2015: 25–39 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158515X685382 Phytopythium: molecular phylogeny and systematics A.W.A.M. de Cock1, A.M. Lodhi2, T.L. Rintoul 3, K. Bala 3, G.P. Robideau3, Z. Gloria Abad4, M.D. Coffey 5, S. Shahzad 6, C.A. Lévesque 3 Key words Abstract The genus Phytopythium (Peronosporales) has been described, but a complete circumscription has not yet been presented. In the present paper we provide molecular-based evidence that members of Pythium COI clade K as described by Lévesque & de Cock (2004) belong to Phytopythium. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian LSU phylogenetic analysis of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (LSU and SSU) and mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase Oomycetes subunit 1 (COI) as well as statistical analyses of pairwise distances strongly support the status of Phytopythium as Oomycota a separate phylogenetic entity. Phytopythium is morphologically intermediate between the genera Phytophthora Peronosporales and Pythium. It is unique in having papillate, internally proliferating sporangia and cylindrical or lobate antheridia. Phytopythium The formal transfer of clade K species to Phytopythium and a comparison with morphologically similar species of Pythiales the genera Pythium and Phytophthora is presented. A new species is described, Phytopythium mirpurense. SSU Article info Received: 28 January 2014; Accepted: 27 September 2014; Published: 30 October 2014. INTRODUCTION establish which species belong to clade K and to make new taxonomic combinations for these species. To achieve this The genus Pythium as defined by Pringsheim in 1858 was goal, phylogenies based on nuclear LSU rRNA (28S), SSU divided by Lévesque & de Cock (2004) into 11 clades based rRNA (18S) and mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase1 (COI) on molecular systematic analyses. -
Activation of Defense Mechanisms Against Pathogens in Mosses and Flowering Plants
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 3178-3200; doi:10.3390/ijms14023178 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Review Activation of Defense Mechanisms against Pathogens in Mosses and Flowering Plants Inés Ponce de León 1,* and Marcos Montesano 2 1 Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay 2 Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Mataojo 2055, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +598-24872605; Fax: +598-24875548. Received: 4 January 2013; in revised form: 23 January 2013 / Accepted: 23 January 2013 / Published: 4 February 2013 Abstract: During evolution, plants have developed mechanisms to cope with and adapt to different types of stress, including microbial infection. Once the stress is sensed, signaling pathways are activated, leading to the induced expression of genes with different roles in defense. Mosses (Bryophytes) are non-vascular plants that diverged from flowering plants more than 450 million years ago, allowing comparative studies of the evolution of defense-related genes and defensive metabolites produced after microbial infection. The ancestral position among land plants, the sequenced genome and the feasibility of generating targeted knock-out mutants by homologous recombination has made the moss Physcomitrella patens an attractive model to perform functional studies of plant genes involved in stress responses. This paper reviews the current knowledge of inducible defense mechanisms in P. patens and compares them to those activated in flowering plants after pathogen assault, including the reinforcement of the cell wall, ROS production, programmed cell death, activation of defense genes and synthesis of secondary metabolites and defense hormones. -
Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016
Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016 April 1981 Revised, May 1982 2nd revision, April 1983 3rd revision, December 1999 4th revision, May 2011 Prepared for U.S. Department of Commerce Ohio Department of Natural Resources National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Division of Wildlife Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management 2045 Morse Road, Bldg. G Estuarine Reserves Division Columbus, Ohio 1305 East West Highway 43229-6693 Silver Spring, MD 20910 This management plan has been developed in accordance with NOAA regulations, including all provisions for public involvement. It is consistent with the congressional intent of Section 315 of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, and the provisions of the Ohio Coastal Management Program. OWC NERR Management Plan, 2011 - 2016 Acknowledgements This management plan was prepared by the staff and Advisory Council of the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve (OWC NERR), in collaboration with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources-Division of Wildlife. Participants in the planning process included: Manager, Frank Lopez; Research Coordinator, Dr. David Klarer; Coastal Training Program Coordinator, Heather Elmer; Education Coordinator, Ann Keefe; Education Specialist Phoebe Van Zoest; and Office Assistant, Gloria Pasterak. Other Reserve staff including Dick Boyer and Marje Bernhardt contributed their expertise to numerous planning meetings. The Reserve is grateful for the input and recommendations provided by members of the Old Woman Creek NERR Advisory Council. The Reserve is appreciative of the review, guidance, and council of Division of Wildlife Executive Administrator Dave Scott and the mapping expertise of Keith Lott and the late Steve Barry. -
Pythium Ultimum Species Complex
Resolving thePythium ultimum species complex by Quinn Eggertson A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biology Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario ©2012 Quinn Eggertson Library and Archives Bibliotheque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du 1+1 Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-93569-9 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-93569-9 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distrbute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. -
Title Development of Simple Detection Methods of Plant Pathogenic Oomycetes( 本文(Fulltext) ) Author(S) FENG, WENZHUO Report N
Development of Simple Detection Methods of Plant Pathogenic Title Oomycetes( 本文(Fulltext) ) Author(s) FENG, WENZHUO Report No.(Doctoral Degree) 博士(農学) 甲第708号 Issue Date 2019-03-13 Type 博士論文 Version ETD URL http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12099/77944 ※この資料の著作権は、各資料の著者・学協会・出版社等に帰属します。 Development of Simple Detection Methods of Plant Pathogenic Oomycetes (植物病原性卵菌類の簡易検出法の開発) 2018 The United Graduate School of Agriculture Science, Gifu University Science of Biological Environment (Gifu University) FENG WENZHUO Development of Simple Detection Methods of Plant Pathogenic Oomycetes (植物病原性卵菌類の簡易検出法の開発) FENG WENZHUO INDEX PREFACE .......................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1 Establishment of simple LAMP procedures with detection of Pythium irregulare in field samples ................................................................... 12 MATERIALS AND METHODS ..................................................................................... 13 RESULTS ................................................................................................................... 17 1. Primer design and specificity ............................................................................... 17 2. Sensitivity of LAMP ............................................................................................. 18 3. Practical detection of P. irregulare in field samples .............................................. 18 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................ -
The Genus Pythium in Mainland China
菌物学报 [email protected] 8 April 2013, 32(增刊): 20-44 Http://journals.im.ac.cn Mycosystema ISSN1672-6472 CN11-5180/Q © 2013 IMCAS, all rights reserved. The genus Pythium in mainland China HO Hon-Hing* Department of Biology, State University of New York, New Paltz, New York 12561, USA Abstract: A historical review of studies on the genus Pythium in mainland China was conducted, covering the occurrence, distribution, taxonomy, pathogenicity, plant disease control and its utilization. To date, 64 species of Pythium have been reported and 13 were described as new to the world: P. acrogynum, P. amasculinum, P. b ai sen se , P. boreale, P. breve, P. connatum, P. falciforme, P. guiyangense, P. guangxiense, P. hypoandrum, P. kummingense, P. nanningense and P. sinensis. The dominant species is P. aphanidermatum causing serious damping off and rotting of roots, stems, leaves and fruits of a wide variety of plants throughout the country. Most of the Pythium species are pathogenic with 44 species parasitic on plants, one on the red alga, Porphyra: P. porphyrae, two on mosquito larvae: P. carolinianum and P. guiyangense and two mycoparasitic: P. nunn and P. oligandrum. In comparison, 48 and 28 species have been reported, respectively, from Taiwan and Hainan Island with one new species described in Taiwan: P. sukuiense. The prospect of future study on the genus Pythium in mainland China was discussed. Key words: Pythiaceae, taxonomy, Oomycetes, Chromista, Straminopila 中国大陆的腐霉属菌物 何汉兴* 美国纽约州立大学 纽约 新帕尔茨 12561 摘 要:综述了中国大陆腐霉属的研究进展,内容包括腐霉属菌物的发生、分布、分类鉴定、致病性、所致植物病 害防治及腐霉的利用等方面。至今,中国已报道的腐霉属菌物有 64 个种,其中有 13 个种作为世界新种进行了描述, 这 13 个新种分别为:顶生腐霉 Pythium acrogynum,孤雌腐霉 P. -
Comparative Genomics Reveals Insight Into Virulence Strategies of Plant Pathogenic Oomycetes
Comparative Genomics Reveals Insight into Virulence Strategies of Plant Pathogenic Oomycetes Bishwo N. Adhikari1, John P. Hamilton1, Marcelo M. Zerillo2, Ned Tisserat2, C. Andre´ Le´vesque3,C. Robin Buell1* 1 Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America, 2 Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America, 3 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Abstract The kingdom Stramenopile includes diatoms, brown algae, and oomycetes. Plant pathogenic oomycetes, including Phytophthora, Pythium and downy mildew species, cause devastating diseases on a wide range of host species and have a significant impact on agriculture. Here, we report comparative analyses on the genomes of thirteen straminipilous species, including eleven plant pathogenic oomycetes, to explore common features linked to their pathogenic lifestyle. We report the sequencing, assembly, and annotation of six Pythium genomes and comparison with other stramenopiles including photosynthetic diatoms, and other plant pathogenic oomycetes such as Phytophthora species, Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, and Pythium ultimum var. ultimum. Novel features of the oomycete genomes include an expansion of genes encoding secreted effectors and plant cell wall degrading enzymes in Phytophthora species and an over- representation of genes involved in proteolytic degradation and signal transduction in Pythium species. A complete lack of classical RxLR effectors was observed in the seven surveyed Pythium genomes along with an overall reduction of pathogenesis-related gene families in H. arabidopsidis. Comparative analyses revealed fewer genes encoding enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism in Pythium species and H. -
The Taxonomy and Biology of Phytophthora and Pythium
Journal of Bacteriology & Mycology: Open Access Review Article Open Access The taxonomy and biology of Phytophthora and Pythium Abstract Volume 6 Issue 1 - 2018 The genera Phytophthora and Pythium include many economically important species Hon H Ho which have been placed in Kingdom Chromista or Kingdom Straminipila, distinct from Department of Biology, State University of New York, USA Kingdom Fungi. Their taxonomic problems, basic biology and economic importance have been reviewed. Morphologically, both genera are very similar in having coenocytic, hyaline Correspondence: Hon H Ho, Professor of Biology, State and freely branching mycelia, oogonia with usually single oospores but the definitive University of New York, New Paltz, NY 12561, USA, differentiation between them lies in the mode of zoospore differentiation and discharge. Email [email protected] In Phytophthora, the zoospores are differentiated within the sporangium proper and when mature, released in an evanescent vesicle at the sporangial apex, whereas in Pythium, the Received: January 23, 2018 | Published: February 12, 2018 protoplast of a sporangium is transferred usually through an exit tube to a thin vesicle outside the sporangium where zoospores are differentiated and released upon the rupture of the vesicle. Many species of Phytophthora are destructive pathogens of especially dicotyledonous woody trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants whereas Pythium species attacked primarily monocotyledonous herbaceous plants, whereas some cause diseases in fishes, red algae and mammals including humans. However, several mycoparasitic and entomopathogenic species of Pythium have been utilized respectively, to successfully control other plant pathogenic fungi and harmful insects including mosquitoes while the others utilized to produce valuable chemicals for pharmacy and food industry. -
Two Species of Phytopythium (Pythiaceae, Pythiales) New to China
Journal of Microbiology & Experimentation Research Article Open Access Two species of Phytopythium (Pythiaceae, Pythiales) new to China Abstract Volume 7 Issue 5 - 2019 Two oomycetes, Phytopythium mercuriale and Pp. sindhum were found in southern China, Jia-Jia Chen,1,2 Hui Feng,1 Xiaobo Zheng1 and they are newly recorded in China. These two species were both isolated from roots of 1Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, soybean. Pp. mercuriale is characterized by subglobose sporangia with conspicuous apical China papillae, and occasionally forming oogonia. And Pp. sindhum is identified from other 2College of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Vocational College Phytopythium species by its globose to sub-globose sporangia with conspicuous apical of Agriculture and Forestry, China papillae, large and smooth oogonia, monoclinous or diclinous antheridia, and plerotic or nearly plerotic and thick-walled oospores. Illustrations and descriptions of the two new Correspondence: Xiaobo Zheng, Department of Plant records are provided based on the materials from China. Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China, Tel 18362090654, Email Keywords: Cox1, ITS, Oomycota, Phytopythium mercuriale, Phytopythium sindhum Received: August 09, 2019 | Published: September 16, 2019 Abbreviations: BI, bayesian inference; BPP, bayesian posterior in China. The isolation procedure followed the method described by probabilities; BT, bootstrap; CMA, corn meal agar; CI, consistency Benard & Punja.11 Pieces of tissue 5–10mm were cut from the roots, index; Cox1, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1; GTR, general time washed in tap water and superficially dried on a paper towel, and plated reversible; HI, homoplasy index; ITS, the internal transcribed spacer; on CMA containing rifampicin (50mg/L), phenamacril (5mg/L), MP, maximum parsimony; MPT, maximum parsimonious tree; NJAU, ampicillin (50mg/L), and pentachloronitrobenzene (50mg/L) and the College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University; incubated at 25°C for 2–3d. -
Studies on Root Necrosis of Wheat Caused by Pythium Graminicola Subr John Edward Grafius Iowa State College
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1943 Studies on root necrosis of wheat caused by Pythium graminicola Subr John Edward Grafius Iowa State College Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Agricultural Science Commons, Agriculture Commons, Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, and the Plant Pathology Commons Recommended Citation Grafius, oJ hn Edward, "Studies on root necrosis of wheat caused by Pythium graminicola Subr " (1943). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 13814. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/13814 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NOTE TO USERS This reproduction is the best copy available. UMI OT lOGf m'lOSIS OF 1^1 m mmwm «»»»» wii*' % SiifcfIns 4 ^iwl# Satoaitfced to th® Gradm#» for the I^gre® of seetoa ©r wii«®« iubjeotss Signature was redacted for privacy. Signature was redacted for privacy. Signature was redacted for privacy. »« UMI Number: DP13246 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. -
Human Pythiosis, Brazil
septate or nonseptate hyphae, often identified as fungal ele- Human Pythiosis, ments of the zygomycetes (6). Conventional diagnosis is based mainly on immunofluorecence and immunoperoxi- Brazil dase procedures, which have proved specific in tissues of persons, cats and dogs with pythiosis. Serologic tests, such Sandra de Moraes Gimenes Bosco,* as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Eduardo Bagagli,* João Pessoa Araújo Jr.,* immunodiffusion, have been also used to diagnose pythio- João Manuel Grisi Candeias,* sis (7). Molecular diagnostic assays, such as nested poly- Marcello Fabiano de Franco,† merase chain reaction and a species-specific DNA probe Mariangela Esther Alencar Marques,* from the ribosomal DNA complex, have been useful to Leonel Mendoza,‡ identify P. insidiosum in the absence of culture (8,9). This Rosangela Pires de Camargo,* article reports the first case of human pythiosis in continen- and Silvio Alencar Marques* tal Latin America in a patient from Brazil, and diagnosis Pythiosis, caused by Pythium insidiosum, occurs in was confirmed by molecular taxonomy. humans and animals and is acquired from aquatic environ- ments that harbor the emerging pathogen. Diagnosis is dif- The Study ficult because clinical and histopathologic features are not A 49-year-old policeman was admitted on May 2002 to pathognomonic. We report the first human case of pythio- the dermatology division of the university hospital for the sis from Brazil, diagnosed by using culture and rDNA treatment of a skin lesion on his leg, initially diagnosed as sequencing. cutaneous zygomycosis. The patient stated that a small pustule developed on his left leg 3 months earlier, 1 week ythiosis is a cutaneous-subcutaneous disease of human after he fished in a lake with standing water. -
Pythium Species Associated with Rooibos, and the Influence of Management Practices on Disease Development
PYTHIUM SPECIES ASSOCIATED WITH ROOIBOS, AND THE INFLUENCE OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON DISEASE DEVELOPMENT By AMIRHOSSEIN BAHRAMISHARIF Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Faculty of AgriSciences at the University of Stellenbosch Supervisor: Dr. Adéle McLeod Co-supervisor: Dr. Sandra C. Lamprecht March 2012 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za DECLARATION By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the owner of the copyright thereof (unless to the extent explicitly otherwise stated) and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Amirhossein Bahramisharif Date:……………………….. Copyright © 2012 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za PYTHIUM SPECIES ASSOCIATED WITH ROOIBOS, AND THE INFLUENCE OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON DISEASE DEVELOPMENT SUMMARY Damping-off of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), which is an important indigenous crop in South Africa, causes serious losses in rooibos nurseries and is caused by a complex of pathogens of which oomycetes, mainly Pythium, are an important component. The management of damping-off in organic rooibos nurseries is problematic, since phenylamide fungicides may not be used. Therefore, alternative management strategies such as rotation crops, compost and biological control agents, must be investigated. The management of damping-off requires knowledge, which currently is lacking, of the Pythium species involved, and their pathogenicity towards rooibos and two nursery rotation crops (lupin and oats). Pythium species identification can be difficult since the genus is complex and consists of more than 120 species.