The Genus Pythium in Mainland China
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Phytopythium: Molecular Phylogeny and Systematics
Persoonia 34, 2015: 25–39 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158515X685382 Phytopythium: molecular phylogeny and systematics A.W.A.M. de Cock1, A.M. Lodhi2, T.L. Rintoul 3, K. Bala 3, G.P. Robideau3, Z. Gloria Abad4, M.D. Coffey 5, S. Shahzad 6, C.A. Lévesque 3 Key words Abstract The genus Phytopythium (Peronosporales) has been described, but a complete circumscription has not yet been presented. In the present paper we provide molecular-based evidence that members of Pythium COI clade K as described by Lévesque & de Cock (2004) belong to Phytopythium. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian LSU phylogenetic analysis of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (LSU and SSU) and mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase Oomycetes subunit 1 (COI) as well as statistical analyses of pairwise distances strongly support the status of Phytopythium as Oomycota a separate phylogenetic entity. Phytopythium is morphologically intermediate between the genera Phytophthora Peronosporales and Pythium. It is unique in having papillate, internally proliferating sporangia and cylindrical or lobate antheridia. Phytopythium The formal transfer of clade K species to Phytopythium and a comparison with morphologically similar species of Pythiales the genera Pythium and Phytophthora is presented. A new species is described, Phytopythium mirpurense. SSU Article info Received: 28 January 2014; Accepted: 27 September 2014; Published: 30 October 2014. INTRODUCTION establish which species belong to clade K and to make new taxonomic combinations for these species. To achieve this The genus Pythium as defined by Pringsheim in 1858 was goal, phylogenies based on nuclear LSU rRNA (28S), SSU divided by Lévesque & de Cock (2004) into 11 clades based rRNA (18S) and mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase1 (COI) on molecular systematic analyses. -
Management of Damping Off (Pythium Aphanidermatum ) in Chilli (Capsicum Annum Cv VNS-4 ) by Pseudomonas Fluorescens
International Journal of Agriculture, Environment & Biotechnology Citation: IJAEB: 7(1): 83-86 March 2014 DOI 10.5958/j.2230-732X.7.1.011 ©2014 New Delhi Publishers. All rights reserved Plant Pathology Management of Damping off (Pythium aphanidermatum ) in chilli (Capsicum annum cv VNS-4 ) by Pseudomonas fluorescens R.K. Jain*, P.K. Singh, Aditi Vaishampayan and Sapna Parihar Indore Biotech inputs & Research (P) Ltd, Co-operative Cold Storage Campus, Labour Colony, A.B. Road, RAU, Indore, India Email: [email protected] Paper No. 182 Received: December 25, 2013 Accepted: February 23, 2014 Published: March 01, 2014 Abstract Pseudomonas fluorescens 0.5% W.P. formulation applied as seed and furrow (soil application) in Chilli significantly reduced the damping off disease of chilli caused by P. aphanidermatum. The yield of chilli was also significantly enhanced. The formulation did not have any phyto-toxic effect on chilli plants at all the dosage levels tested for bioefficacy. The Pseudomonas fluorescens 0.5% W.P. application had no adverse effect on the beneficial rhizospheric microbes, like Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (Glomus spp.) in chilli rhizosphere at all dosages which were confirmed by microscopic observations. Based on the above findings, the Pseudomonas fluorescens 0.5% W.P. formulation is found safe and effective and may be used as an efficient & eco-safe alternative of synthetic fungicides for the management of damping off disease of chilli and for obtaining higher yields. Highlights • Talc based formulation of Psedomonas fluorescens significantly controlled damping off disease of chilli caused by Pythium aphanidermatum • The formulation had no adverse effect on the beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere of chilli Keywords: Damping off, Pythium aphanidermatum, Chilli, Psedomonas fluorescens, Biological control Introduction 2010; Peter, 1999). -
Enhancement of Development and Induction of Resistance in Tomato
Enhancement of development and induction of resistance in tomato plants by the antagonist, Pythium oligandrum Gaétan Le Floch, Patrice Rey, Franck Déniel, Nicole Benhamou, Karine Picard, Yves Tirilly To cite this version: Gaétan Le Floch, Patrice Rey, Franck Déniel, Nicole Benhamou, Karine Picard, et al.. Enhancement of development and induction of resistance in tomato plants by the antagonist, Pythium oligandrum. Agronomie, EDP Sciences, 2003, 23 (5-6), pp.455-460. 10.1051/agro:2003018. hal-00886197 HAL Id: hal-00886197 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00886197 Submitted on 1 Jan 2003 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Agronomie 23 (2003) 455–460 455 © INRA, EDP Sciences, 2003 DOI: 10.1051/agro:2003018 Original article Enhancement of development and induction of resistance in tomato plants by the antagonist, Pythium oligandrum Gaétan LE FLOCHa, Patrice REYa*, Franck DÉNIELa, Nicole BENHAMOUb, Karine PICARDa, Yves TIRILLYa a Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Université de Bretagne Occidentale-Brest, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France b Département Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, Pav. Ch.E. Marchand, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Québec, GIK7P4, Canada (Received 3 July 2002; accepted 18 December 2002) Abstract – To exert an optimal biological control, P. -
Characterization of Resistance in Soybean and Population Diversity Keiddy Esperanza Urrea Romero University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 7-2015 Pythium: Characterization of Resistance in Soybean and Population Diversity Keiddy Esperanza Urrea Romero University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, Plant Biology Commons, and the Plant Pathology Commons Recommended Citation Urrea Romero, Keiddy Esperanza, "Pythium: Characterization of Resistance in Soybean and Population Diversity" (2015). Theses and Dissertations. 1272. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1272 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Pythium: Characterization of Resistance in Soybean and Population Diversity A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Science by Keiddy E. Urrea Romero Universidad Nacional de Colombia Agronomic Engineering, 2003 University of Arkansas Master of Science in Plant Pathology, 2010 July 2015 University of Arkansas This dissertation is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. ________________________________ Dr. John C. Rupe Dissertation Director ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Dr. Craig S. Rothrock Dr. Pengyin Chen Committee Member Committee Member ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Dr. Burton H. Bluhm Dr. Brad Murphy Committee Member Committee Member Abstract Pythium spp. are an important group of pathogens causing stand losses in Arkansas soybean production. New inoculation methods and advances in molecular techniques allow a better understanding of cultivar resistance and responses of Pythium communities to cultural practices. -
Diptera, Culicidae) of Cambodia Pierre-Olivier Maquart, Didier Fontenille, Nil Rahola, Sony Yean, Sébastien Boyer
Checklist of the mosquito fauna (Diptera, Culicidae) of Cambodia Pierre-Olivier Maquart, Didier Fontenille, Nil Rahola, Sony Yean, Sébastien Boyer To cite this version: Pierre-Olivier Maquart, Didier Fontenille, Nil Rahola, Sony Yean, Sébastien Boyer. Checklist of the mosquito fauna (Diptera, Culicidae) of Cambodia. Parasite, EDP Sciences, 2021, 28, pp.60. 10.1051/parasite/2021056. hal-03318784 HAL Id: hal-03318784 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03318784 Submitted on 10 Aug 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Parasite 28, 60 (2021) Ó P.-O. Maquart et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2021056 Available online at: www.parasite-journal.org RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Checklist of the mosquito fauna (Diptera, Culicidae) of Cambodia Pierre-Olivier Maquart1,* , Didier Fontenille1,2, Nil Rahola2, Sony Yean1, and Sébastien Boyer1 1 Medical and Veterinary Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge 5, BP 983, Blvd. Monivong, 12201 Phnom Penh, Cambodia 2 MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France Received 25 January 2021, Accepted 4 July 2021, Published online 10 August 2021 Abstract – Between 2016 and 2020, the Medical and Veterinary Entomology unit of the Institut Pasteur du Cambodge collected over 230,000 mosquitoes. -
The Taxonomy and Biology of Phytophthora and Pythium
Journal of Bacteriology & Mycology: Open Access Review Article Open Access The taxonomy and biology of Phytophthora and Pythium Abstract Volume 6 Issue 1 - 2018 The genera Phytophthora and Pythium include many economically important species Hon H Ho which have been placed in Kingdom Chromista or Kingdom Straminipila, distinct from Department of Biology, State University of New York, USA Kingdom Fungi. Their taxonomic problems, basic biology and economic importance have been reviewed. Morphologically, both genera are very similar in having coenocytic, hyaline Correspondence: Hon H Ho, Professor of Biology, State and freely branching mycelia, oogonia with usually single oospores but the definitive University of New York, New Paltz, NY 12561, USA, differentiation between them lies in the mode of zoospore differentiation and discharge. Email [email protected] In Phytophthora, the zoospores are differentiated within the sporangium proper and when mature, released in an evanescent vesicle at the sporangial apex, whereas in Pythium, the Received: January 23, 2018 | Published: February 12, 2018 protoplast of a sporangium is transferred usually through an exit tube to a thin vesicle outside the sporangium where zoospores are differentiated and released upon the rupture of the vesicle. Many species of Phytophthora are destructive pathogens of especially dicotyledonous woody trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants whereas Pythium species attacked primarily monocotyledonous herbaceous plants, whereas some cause diseases in fishes, red algae and mammals including humans. However, several mycoparasitic and entomopathogenic species of Pythium have been utilized respectively, to successfully control other plant pathogenic fungi and harmful insects including mosquitoes while the others utilized to produce valuable chemicals for pharmacy and food industry. -
Beneficial Effects of the Oomycete Pythium Oligandrum on Grapevines - Jonathan Gerbore - University of Pau Et Des Pays De L’Adour
Short Communication Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biochemistry 2020 Vol.4 No.4 Applied Microbiology 2016- Microorganisms to protect plants: Beneficial effects of the oomycete Pythium oligandrum on grapevines - Jonathan Gerbore - University of Pau et des Pays de l’Adour Jonathan Gerbore University of Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, France Abstract Development of alternative methods to chemical pesticides to In soilless cultures, the recycling of drainage water within a control plant diseases increased considerably in recent years. system is that the consequence of latest laws concerning water Among those, the useful and beneficial microorganisms for saving and limitation of pollution. Such closed systems plant growth stimulation and plant protection is promising, minimize costs by conserving water and reducing fertilizer especially under recent advances in trancriptomics and genome input; however, they'll favor the dissemination of pathogens. sequencing that provides new insights in the potential of When pathogens manage to enter recirculation systems, they're microorganisms and new product development opportunities. rapidly disseminated and will cause disease epidemics, Our report of development of a biocontrol product base on the particularly during times of stress, e.g., stress because of high oomycete, Pythium oligandrum, to protect grape. Oligandrum temperatures and/or to low levels of dissolved oxygen within ine against Escape, a serious grapevine trunk disease that the nutrient solution. Thus, numerous facultative pathogens causes substantial losses in vineyards worldwide. There are No commonly found in conventional cultures may become efficient chemical products are registered against this disease. economically significant (53). Several of them, e.g., Pythium In order to control Esca, P. -
Pathogenicity and Host Range of Pythium Kashmirense—A Soil-Borne Oomycete Recently Discovered in the UK
Journal of Fungi Article Pathogenicity and Host Range of Pythium kashmirense—A Soil-Borne Oomycete Recently Discovered in the UK Clara Benavent-Celma 1,2 , Alexandra Puertolas 3 , Debbie McLaggan 2 , Pieter van West 2 and Steve Woodward 1,* 1 Department of Plant and Soil Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK; [email protected] 2 International Centre for Aquaculture Research and Development (ICARD), Aberdeen Oomycete Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; [email protected] (D.M.); [email protected] (P.v.W.) 3 ANSES, Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux–Unité de Mycologie, Domaine de Pixérécourt–Bât. E, CS 40009, F-54220 Malzéville, France; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-1224-272-669 Abstract: During a survey of oomycetes in ornamental plants carried out at the University of Aberdeen in 2014–2015, Pythium kashmirense was isolated from a specimen of Viburnum plicatum ‘Lanarth’, the first report of this oomycete in the UK (and in Europe). Pathogenicity of a Py. kashmirense isolate was examined using a range of plant species. Inoculations were carried out under controlled conditions in the absence of other Pythium and Phytophthora species, on Glycine max (soya bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Lupinus angustifolius (blue lupin), Cucumis sativa (cucumber) and Viburnum opulus. The majority of inoculations caused pre-emergence damping-off, as well as seed rot Citation: Benavent-Celma, C.; and root rot. In the in vitro assays, germination rates (%) of soya bean and blue lupin seeds were Puertolas, A.; McLaggan, D.; van less than 50%; in the in vivo inoculations on plants, over 50% of soya bean, blue lupin and common West, P.; Woodward, S. -
Biological Control Methods for Damping-Off of Tomato Seedlings Caused by Pythium Myriotylum
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 5-2006 Biological Control Methods for Damping-off of Tomato Seedlings Caused by Pythium myriotylum Miranda Marshall Clark University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Clark, Miranda Marshall, "Biological Control Methods for Damping-off of Tomato Seedlings Caused by Pythium myriotylum. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2006. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1527 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Miranda Marshall Clark entitled "Biological Control Methods for Damping-off of Tomato Seedlings Caused by Pythium myriotylum." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Entomology and Plant Pathology. Kimberly D. Gwinn, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Bonnie H. Ownley, Ernest C. Bernard, Craig H. Canaday Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges -
77133217.Pdf
CSIRO PUBLISHING www.publish.csiro.au/journals/app Australasian Plant Pathology, 2005, 34, 361–368 Molecular characterisation, pathogenesis and fungicide sensitivity of Pythium spp. from table beet (Beta vulgaris var. vulgaris)grown in the Lockyer Valley, Queensland Paul T. ScottA,D,E, Heidi L. MartinB, Scott M. BoreelB, Alan H. WearingA and Donald J. MacleanC ASchool of Agronomy and Horticulture, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia. BHorticultural and Forestry Science, Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Gatton Research Station, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia. CSchool of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. DCurrent address: ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. ECorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract. Table beet production in the Lockyer Valley of south-eastern Queensland is known to be adversely affected by soilborne root disease from infection by Pythium spp. However, little is known regarding the species or genotypes that are the causal agents of both pre- and post-emergence damping off. Based on RFLP analysis with HhaI, HinfI and MboI of the PCR amplified ITS region DNA from soil and diseased plant samples, the majority of 130 Pythium isolates could be grouped into three genotypes, designated LVP A, LVP B and LVP C. These groups comprised 43, 41 and 7% of all isolates, respectively. Deoxyribonucleic acid sequence analysis of the ITS region indicated that LVP A was a strain of Pythium aphanidermatum, with greater than 99% similarity to the corresponding P. aphanidermatum sequences from the publicly accessible databases. -
Mosquito Biodiversity (Diptera: Culicidae) in Auroville, Puducherry
WHO collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Lymphatic filariasis and Integrated Vector Management. Mosquito Biodiversity (Diptera: Culicidae) in Auroville, Puducherry REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE AUROVILLE PUDUCHERRY BY ICMR-VECTOR CONTROL RESEARCH CENTRE PUDUCHERRY SEPTEMBER P a g e | 2 Acknowledgements We owe our deepest gratitude to Dr. Lucas Dengel, (Founder Executive Eco Pro, Auroville & Research Project Mentor) and Ms. Suryamayi Clarence Smith (Executive Co- founder of Auroville Research Platform) for extending support and facilitating smooth conduct of field survey in Auroville. We are grateful to the Auroville Working Committee for according permission to access various places within Auroville This work was submitted to the Pondicherry University, Puducherry in partial fulfillment for the requirement of degree of Master of Science in Public Health Entomology (M.Sc. in PHE) by Ms. P. Visa Shalini under the supervision of Dr A. N. Shriram, Scientist “C”, Division of Vector Biology & Control P a g e | 3 Introduction Mosquitoes are of great significance for their nuisance biting and their role in the transmission of several parasitic and viral diseases viz. malaria, lymphatic filariasis, dengue, zika, yellow fever, chikungunya, Japanese Encephalitis etc. The breeding habitat diversity determines mosquito abundance, resulting in the transmission of different pathogens (Adebote et al., 2008; Emidi et al., 2017). Only, 10% of the mosquito species recorded are efficient vectors of pathogens with considerable public health significance (Manguin and Boete 2011), that have been historically responsible for some of the worst epidemics mankind has witnessed. The principal vectors of diseases belong to three genera viz. Anopheles, Aedes and Culex, of which some mosquito species are highly and successful invasive in nature e.g. -
ABSTRACT REEVES, ELLA ROBYN. Pythium Spp. Associated with Root
ABSTRACT REEVES, ELLA ROBYN. Pythium spp. Associated with Root Rot and Stunting of Winter Field and Cover Crops in North Carolina. (Under the direction of Dr. Barbara Shew and Dr. Jim Kerns). Soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) was valued at over $66 million in North Carolina in 2019, but mild to severe stunting and root rot limit yields in the Coastal Plain region during years with above-average rainfall. Pythium irregulare, P. vanterpoolii, and P. spinosum were previously identified as causal agents of stunting and root rot of winter wheat in this region. Annual double-crop rotation systems that incorporate winter wheat, or other winter crops such as clary sage, rapeseed, or a cover crop are common in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina. Stunting and root rot reduce yields of clary sage, and limit stand establishment and biomass accumulation of other winter crops in wet soils, but the role that Pythium spp. play in root rot of these crops is not understood, To investigate species prevalence, isolates of Pythium were collected from stunted winter wheat, clary sage, rye, rapeseed, and winter pea plants collected in eastern North Carolina during the growing season of 2018-2019, and from all crops except winter wheat again in 2019-2020. A total of 534 isolates were identified from all hosts. P. irregulare (32%), P. vanterpoolii (17%), and P. spinosum (16%) were the species most frequently recovered from wheat. P. irregulare (37% of all isolates) and members of the species complex Pythium sp. cluster B2A (28% of all isolates) comprised the majority of isolates collected from clary sage, rye, rapeseed, and winter pea.