DOCSLIB.ORG

Appendix a Bacteria

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Appendix a Bacteria Appendix A Complete list of 594 pathogens identified in canines categorized by the following taxonomical groups: bacteria, ectoparasites, fungi, helminths, protozoa, rickettsia and viruses. Pathogens categorized as zoonotic/sapronotic/anthroponotic have been bolded; sapronoses are specifically denoted by a ❖. If the dog is involved in transmission, maintenance or detection of the pathogen it has been further underlined. Of these, if the pathogen is reported in dogs in Canada (Tier 1) it has been denoted by an *. If the pathogen is reported in Canada but canine-specific reports are lacking (Tier 2) it is marked with a C (see also Appendix C). Finally, if the pathogen has the potential to occur in Canada (Tier 3) it is marked by a D (see also Appendix D). Bacteria Brachyspira canis Enterococcus casseliflavus Acholeplasma laidlawii Brachyspira intermedia Enterococcus faecalis C Acinetobacter baumannii Brachyspira pilosicoli C Enterococcus faecium* Actinobacillus Brachyspira pulli Enterococcus gallinarum C C Brevibacterium spp. Enterococcus hirae actinomycetemcomitans D Actinobacillus lignieresii Brucella abortus Enterococcus malodoratus Actinomyces bovis Brucella canis* Enterococcus spp.* Actinomyces bowdenii Brucella suis Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae C Actinomyces canis Burkholderia mallei Erysipelothrix tonsillarum Actinomyces catuli Burkholderia pseudomallei❖ serovar 7 Actinomyces coleocanis Campylobacter coli* Escherichia coli (EHEC, EPEC, Actinomyces hordeovulneris Campylobacter gracilis AIEC, UPEC, NTEC, Actinomyces hyovaginalis Campylobacter helveticus ETEC)* Actinomyces israelii Campylobacter jejuni* Eubacterium plautii D Actinomyces naeslundii Campylobacter lari Eubacterium spp. C Actinomyces neuii subsp. Campylobacter upsaliensis* Flavobacterium spp. D anitratus C Candidatus Mycoplasma Francisella philomiragia Actinomyces odontolyticus haematoparvum Francisella tularensis* Actinomyces turicensis Capnocytophaga canimorsus* Fusobacterium spp.* Actinomyces urogenitalis Capnocytophaga cynodegmi C Gemella morbillorum C Actinomyces viscosus* Chlamydia abortus Haemophilus aphrophilus C Actinomyces weissii Chlamydia caviae Helicobacter bilis Aliarcobacter butzleri C Chlamydophila felis Helicobacter bizzozeronii D Aliarcobacter cryaerophilus C Chlamydophila psittaci Helicobacter canis D Anaerobiospirillum Chromobacterium spp.❖ Helicobacter cinaedi C Chromobacterium violaceum❖ Helicobacter cynogastricus succiniciproducens D Anaerobiospirillum thomasii D Citrobacter diversus Helicobacter felis Citrobacter freundii C Helicobacter fennelliae Archanobacterium pyogenes D Bacillus anthracis C Citrobacter spp. Helicobacter heilmannii* Bacillus circulans C Clostridium botulinum type C Helicobacter rappini Bacillus subtilis D Clostridium botulinum type D Helicobacter salomonis Bacteroides spp.C Clostridium difficile* Klebsiella spp.* C Bartonella clarridgeiae Clostridium perfringens* Lactobacillus spp. Clostridium piliforme Lawsonia intracellularis Bartonella elizabethae C Bartonella henselae* Clostridium spp. Leptospira interrogans serovar C C Bartonella koehlerae Clostridium tetani australis D Bartonella quintana Corynebacterium auriscanis Leptospira interrogans serovar C Bartonella rochalimae Corynebacterium canis autumnalis* C Bartonella vinsonii subsp. Corynebacterium freiburgense Leptospira interrogans serovar Corynebacterium spp. D bataviae D berkhoffii* C Bartonella washoensis Corynebacterium ulcerans Leptospira interrogans serovar Bergeyella zoohelcum C Corynebacterium urealyticum bratislava* Bordetella bronchiseptica* Coxiella burnetii* Leptospira interrogans serovar C Bordetella pertussis Cytobacillus firmus canicola* C Borrelia afzelii senso lato Dermabacter hominis Leptospira interrogans serovar Borrelia burgdorferi senso Dermatophilus congolensis grippotyphosa* stricto* Eikenella corrodens C Leptospira interrogans serovar Borrelia garinii senso lato Enterobacter cloacae C hardjo* Borrelia turicatae Enterococcus avium C Leptospira interrogans serovar Brachyspira alvinipulli-like Enterococcus canintestini icterohaemorrhagiae* Only a portion of the information obtained in this study is presented here. Please contact the authors for additional reference material on why a pathogen was or was not included in a particular step. Leptospira interrogans serovar Pasteurella canis* Streptococcus suis pomona* Pasteurella multocida* Tannerella forsythia D Leptospira interrogans serovar Pasteurella spp.* Ureaplasma canigenitalum zanoni D Pediococcus spp. D Veillonella spp. C Leptotrichia buccalis C Peptostreptococcus spp. C Wolbachia pipientis D Listeria monocytogenes Plesiomonas shigelloides C Yersinia enterocolitica* Mesomycoplasma molare Porphyromonas spp. D Yersinia pestis* Metamycoplasma gateae Prevotella spp. C Yersinia pseudotuberculosis C Metamycoplasma spumans Propionibacterium spp. C Methicillin resistant Proteus mirabilis C CoNS strains (MRSS) Proteus vulgaris C Ectoparasites Methicillin resistant Providencia alcalifaciens Cheyletiella parasitovorax D Staph aureus (MRSA)* Providencia stuartii Cheyletiella yasguri* Methicillin resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa* Ctenocephalides canis* Staph pseudintermedius Pseudomonas oryzihabitans D Ctenocephalides felis* C (MRSP)* Pseudomonas spp. Demodex canis Micrococcus lylae D Ralstonia pickettii❖ Echidnophaga gallinacea C Micrococcus spp. C Rhodococcus equi Notoedres cati Moraxella spp.* Riemerella anatipestifer C Otodectes cynotis Mycobacterium avium subsp Salmonella enterica (enteriditis, Pneumonyssoides caninum paratuberculosis❖ typhimurium)* Pulex irritans* Mycobacterium avium- Serratia spp. Pulex simulans intracellulare complex❖ Shigella spp. Sarcoptes scabiei var canis* Mycobacterium bovis Staphylococcus aureus* Tunga penetrans Mycobacterium chelonae- Staphylococcus epidermidis C Xenopsylla cheopis C abscessus group C Staphylococcus Mycobacterium fortuitum group C pseudintermedius* Mycobacterium genavense❖ Staphylococcus schleiferi Fungi Mycobacterium goodii❖ coagulans Absidia spp.❖ Mycobacterium kansasii C Staphylococcus schleiferi Acremonium hyalinulum❖ Mycobacterium microti schleiferi Acremonium kiliense❖ Mycobacterium smegmatis Staphylococcus sciuri Alternaria spp.❖ group❖ Staphylococcus spp. D Aspergillus deflectus❖ Mycobacterium Canine Leproid Staphylococcus xylosus C Aspergillus flavipes❖ Granulomas Stenotrophomonas maltophilia C Aspergillus flavus❖ Mycobacterium tuberculosis Stomatococcus mucilaginosus C Aspergillus fumigatus❖ Mycoplasma arginini Streptobacillus moniliformis C Aspergillus nidulans❖ Mycoplasma bovigenitalium Streptococcus agalactiae Aspergillus niger❖ Mycoplasma canis Streptococcus canis (Group G)* Aspergillus terreus❖ Mycoplasma cynos Streptococcus dysgalactiae Basidiobolus spp.❖ Mycoplasma edwardii C dysgalactiae Bipolaris spp.❖ Mycoplasma feliminutum Streptococcus dysgalactiae Blastomyces dermatitidis* Mycoplasma felis equisimilis Candida albicans Mycoplasma haemocanis Streptococcus equi subsp. equi Candida famata Mycoplasma maculosum Streptococcus equi subsp. Candida glabrata Mycoplasma opalescens zooepidemicus C Candida guilliermondii Mycoplasma ovis Streptococcus Group D Candida krusei Neisseria animaloris C commensals Candida parapsilosis Neisseria canis C Streptococcus Group E Candida rugosa Neisseria dentiae D Streptococcus Group L Candida tropicalis Neisseria spp. C Streptococcus Group M Chlorella spp.❖ Neisseria weaveri* Streptococcus intermedius Chrysosporium spp.❖ Neisseria zoodegmatis C Streptococcus mitis (⍺- Cladophialophora bantiana❖ Nocardia brasiliensis C streptococcus) C Cladophialophora spp.❖ Nocardia farcinica C Streptococcus pneumoniae Cladosporium xylohypha❖ Nocardia nova C Streptococcus pyogenes (⍺- Coccidioides immitis Nocardia otitidiscaviarum C streptococcus) C Coccidioides posadasii Oerskovia spp. D Streptococcus spp.* Conidiobolus spp.❖ Only a portion of the information obtained in this study is presented here. Please contact the authors for additional reference material on why a pathogen was or was not included in a particular step. Cryptococcus albidus❖ Alaria nasuae Opisthorchis viverrini Cryptococcus gattii❖* Amphimerus pseudofelineus D Oslerus osleri Cryptococcus laurentii❖ Ancylostoma braziliense Paragonimus africanus Cryptococcus neoformans❖ Ancylostoma caninum Paragonimus heterotremus Curvularia spp.❖ Ancylostoma ceylanicum Paragonimus hueit'ungensis Emmonsia parva❖ Angiostrongylus vasorum Paragonimus kellicotti* Encephalitozoon cuniculi Apophallus donicus* Paragonimus mexicanus Encephalitozoon hellem Ascaris lumbricoides Paragonimus spp. Encephalitozoon intestinalis Baylisascaris procyonis* Paragonimus westermani Enterocytozoon bieneusi Brugia malayi Phagicola longa C Epidermophyton spp. Brugia pahangi Phaneropsolus bonnei Fonsecaea spp.❖ Capillaria aerophila Physaloptera rara Fusarium spp.❖ Centrocestus armatus Plagiorchis muris Geomyces spp.❖ Centrocestus formosanus Prohemistomum vivax Geosmithia argillacea❖ Clonorchis sinensis Prosthodendrium glandulosum Geotrichum candidum❖ Cryptocotyle lingua* Prosthodendrium obtusum Histoplasma capsulatum❖* Dicrocoelium dendriticum Pseudamphistomum truncatum Lagenidium spp.❖ Dioctophyma renale Pygidiopsis summa Madurella spp.❖ Diphyllobothrium spp.* Schistosoma incognitum Malassezia pachydermatis* Dipylidium caninum* Schistosoma japonicum Microsporum canis* Dirofilaria immitis* Schistosoma mansoni Microsporum gypseum C Dirofilaria repens D Schistosoma mekongi Monocillium indicum❖ Dracunculus insignis Schistosoma rodhaini Mucor spp.❖ Dracunculus medinensis Spirocerca lupi Ochronconis
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Coccidioides Immitis
    24/08/2017 FUNGAL AGENTS CAUSING INFECTION OF THE LUNG Microbiology Lectures of the Respiratory Diseases Prepared by: Rizalinda Sjahril Microbiology Department Faculty of Medicine Hasanuddin University 2016 OVERVIEW OF CLINICAL MYCOLOGY . Among 150.000 fungi species only 100-150 are human pathogens 25 spp most common pathogens . Majority are saprophyticLiving on dead or decayed organic matter . Transmission Person to person (rare) SPORE INHALATION OR ENTERS THE TISSUE FROM TRAUMA Animal to person (rare) – usually in dermatophytosis 1 24/08/2017 OVERVIEW OF CLINICAL MYCOLOGY . Human is usually resistant to infection, unless: Immunoscompromised (HIV, DM) Serious underlying disease Corticosteroid/antimetabolite treatment . Predisposing factors: Long term intravenous cannulation Complex surgical procedures Prolonged/excessive antibacterial therapy OVERVIEW OF CLINICAL MYCOLOGY . Several fungi can cause a variety of infections: clinical manifestation and severity varies. True pathogens -- have the ability to cause infection in otherwise healthy individuals 2 24/08/2017 Opportunistic/deep mycoses which affect the respiratory system are: Cryptococcosis Aspergillosis Zygomycosis True pathogens are: Blastomycosis Seldom severe Treatment not required unless extensive tissue Coccidioidomycosis destruction compromising respiratory status Histoplasmosis Or extrapulmonary fungal dissemination Paracoccidioidomycosis COMMON PATHOGENS OBTAINED FROM SPECIMENS OF PATIENTS WITH RESPIRATORY DISEASE Fungi Common site of Mode of Infectious Clinical
    [Show full text]
  • Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Weekly March 20, 2009 / Vol
    Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report www.cdc.gov/mmwr Weekly March 20, 2009 / Vol. 58 / No. 10 Trends in Tuberculosis — World TB Day — March 24, 2009 United States, 2008 World TB Day is observed each year on March 24 to commemorate the date in 1882 when Dr. Robert Koch In 2008, a total of 12,898 incident tuberculosis (TB) cases announced the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the were reported in the United States; the TB rate declined 3.8% bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB). Worldwide, TB from 2007 to 4.2 cases per 100,000 population, the lowest remains one of the leading causes of death from infectious rate recorded since national reporting began in 1953. This disease. An estimated 2 billion persons are infected with report summarizes provisional 2008 data from the National M. tuberculosis (1). In 2006, approximately 9.2 million TB Surveillance System and describes trends since 1993. persons became ill from TB, and 1.7 million died from Despite this overall improvement, progress has slowed in the disease (1). World TB Day provides an opportunity recent years; the average annual percentage decline in the TB for TB programs, nongovernmental organizations, and rate decreased from 7.3% per year during 1993–2000 to 3.8% other partners to describe problems and solutions related during 2000–2008.* Foreign-born persons and racial/ethnic to the TB pandemic and to support worldwide TB minorities continued to bear a disproportionate burden of TB control efforts. The U.S. theme for this year’s observance disease in the United States. In 2008, the TB rate in foreign- is Partnerships for TB Elimination.
    [Show full text]
  • BD-CS-057, REV 0 | AUGUST 2017 | Page 1
    EXPLIFY RESPIRATORY PATHOGENS BY NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING Limitations Negative results do not rule out viral, bacterial, or fungal infections. Targeted, PCR-based tests are generally more sensitive and are preferred when specific pathogens are suspected, especially for DNA viruses (Adenovirus, CMV, HHV6, HSV, and VZV), mycobacteria, and fungi. The analytical sensitivity of this test depends on the cellularity of the sample and the concentration of all microbes present. Analytical sensitivity is assessed using Internal Controls that are added to each sample. Sequencing data for Internal Controls is quantified. Samples with Internal Control values below the validated minimum may have reduced analytical sensitivity or contain inhibitors and are reported as ‘Reduced Analytical Sensitivity’. Additional respiratory pathogens to those reported cannot be excluded in samples with ‘Reduced Analytical Sensitivity’. Due to the complexity of next generation sequencing methodologies, there may be a risk of false-positive results. Contamination with organisms from the upper respiratory tract during specimen collection can also occur. The detection of viral, bacterial, and fungal nucleic acid does not imply organisms causing invasive infection. Results from this test need to be interpreted in conjunction with the clinical history, results of other laboratory tests, epidemiologic information, and other available data. Confirmation of positive results by an alternate method may be indicated in select cases. Validated Organisms BACTERIA Achromobacter
    [Show full text]
  • Genotyping Approach for Potential Common Source of Enterocytozoon
    SYNOPSIS Genotyping Approach for Potential Common Source of Enterocytozoon bieneusi Infection in Hematology Unit Guillaume Desoubeaux, Céline Nourrisson, Maxime Moniot, Marie-Alix De Kyvon, Virginie Bonnin, Marjan Ertault De La Bretonniére, Virginie Morange, Éric Bailly, Adrien Lemaignen, Florent Morio, Philippe Poirier Microsporidiosis is a fungal infection that generally causes wide range of host species (1,4). At least 16 microsporidian digestive disorders, especially in immunocompromised species have been described in humans, but Enterocytozoon hosts. Over a 4-day period in January 2018, 3 patients with bieneusi is the most common (5). However, little is known hematologic malignancies who were admitted to the hema- about the actual epidemiology of E. bieneusi microsporidi- tology unit of a hospital in France received diagnoses of En- osis, and there is a need for a better understanding of its terocytozoon bieneusi microsporidiosis. This unusually high pathophysiology and parasitic cycle (3,5). Unfortunately, incidence was investigated by sequence analysis at the in- ternal transcribed spacer rDNA locus and then by 3 micro- epidemiologic studies are complicated because E. bieneusi satellites and 1 minisatellite for multilocus genotyping. The infection has a low incidence rate worldwide (6), and its 3 isolates had many sequence similarities and belonged to microbiological diagnosis is difficult and likely often over- a new genotype closely related to genotype C. In addition, looked (7). In addition, the species is not easy to cultivate multilocus genotyping showed high genetic distances with in vitro in routine practice. Investigations can be carried out all the other strains collected from epidemiologically unre- directly only from infected biologic samples, which usually lated persons; none of these strains belonged to the new use DNA from fecal specimens (1,3,7).
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    MARCH 2013 • VOLUME 51 • NO. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS PHOTO QUIZ Bacteremia in a Patient with Hepatic Encephalopathy Benjamin H. Hinrichs, Robert C. Jerris, 739 Eileen M. Burd Answer to Photo Quiz Benjamin H. Hinrichs, Robert C. Jerris, 1062–1063 Eileen M. Burd POINT-COUNTERPOINT Quantitative Cultures of Bronchoscopically Obtained Vickie Baselski, J. Stacey Klutts 740–744 Specimens Should Be Performed for Optimal Management of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia BACTERIOLOGY Pan-PCR, a Computational Method for Designing Bacterium- Joy Y. Yang, Shelise Brooks, Jennifer A. 752–758 Typing Assays Based on Whole-Genome Sequence Data Meyer, Robert R. Blakesley, Adrian M. Zelazny, Julia A. Segre, Evan S. Snitkin Identification of Anaerobic Bacteria by Bruker Biotyper Matrix- Bryan H. Schmitt, Scott A. 782–786 Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Cunningham, Aaron L. Dailey, Spectrometry with On-Plate Formic Acid Preparation Daniel R. Gustafson, Robin Patel Use of Universal 16S rRNA Gene PCR as a Diagnostic Tool for M. Guembe, M. Marín, P. Martín- 799–804 Venous Access Port-Related Bloodstream Infections Rabadán, A. Echenagusia, F. Camúñez, G. Rodríguez-Rosales, G. Simó, M. Echenagusia, E. Bouza, on behalf of the GEIDI Study Group Rapid Identification of Bacteria and Yeasts from Positive-Blood- Amy Fothergill, Vyjayanti Kasinathan, 805–809 Culture Bottles by Using a Lysis-Filtration Method and Matrix- Jay Hyman, John Walsh, Tim Drake, Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Yun F. (Wayne) Wang Spectrum Analysis with the SARAMIS Database Pseudo-Outbreak of Vancomycin-Resistant-Enterococcus Rita M. Gander, Dominick Cavuoti, 810–813 (VRE) Colonization in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Using Adnan Alatoom, Paul Southern, Jr., Spectra VRE Surveillance Medium Debra Grant, Kathleen Salinas, Donna Gaffney, Jennifer MacKenzie, Linda Byrd Changes in Molecular Epidemiology of Streptococcus Bruno Pichon, Shamez N.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Diversity of Bartonella Species in Small Mammals in the Qaidam
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Genetic diversity of Bartonella species in small mammals in the Qaidam Basin, western China Huaxiang Rao1, Shoujiang Li3, Liang Lu4, Rong Wang3, Xiuping Song4, Kai Sun5, Yan Shi3, Dongmei Li4* & Juan Yu2* Investigation of the prevalence and diversity of Bartonella infections in small mammals in the Qaidam Basin, western China, could provide a scientifc basis for the control and prevention of Bartonella infections in humans. Accordingly, in this study, small mammals were captured using snap traps in Wulan County and Ge’ermu City, Qaidam Basin, China. Spleen and brain tissues were collected and cultured to isolate Bartonella strains. The suspected positive colonies were detected with polymerase chain reaction amplifcation and sequencing of gltA, ftsZ, RNA polymerase beta subunit (rpoB) and ribC genes. Among 101 small mammals, 39 were positive for Bartonella, with the infection rate of 38.61%. The infection rate in diferent tissues (spleens and brains) (χ2 = 0.112, P = 0.738) and gender (χ2 = 1.927, P = 0.165) of small mammals did not have statistical diference, but that in diferent habitats had statistical diference (χ2 = 10.361, P = 0.016). Through genetic evolution analysis, 40 Bartonella strains were identifed (two diferent Bartonella species were detected in one small mammal), including B. grahamii (30), B. jaculi (3), B. krasnovii (3) and Candidatus B. gerbillinarum (4), which showed rodent-specifc characteristics. B. grahamii was the dominant epidemic strain (accounted for 75.0%). Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis showed that B. grahamii in the Qaidam Basin, might be close to the strains isolated from Japan and China.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on Oral Colonization of Periodontopathogenic Bacterium
    Studies on oral colonization of periodontopathogenic bacterium Eikenella corrodens 㸦ṑ࿘⑓ཎᛶ⣽⳦ (LNHQHOODFRUURGHQV ࡢཱྀ⭍ෆᐃ╔࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲㸧 㻌 㻌 FARIHA JASIN MANSUR 2017 㻌 㻌 DEDICATED TO MY BELOVED PARENTS CONTENTS CONTENTS…………………………………………………………. 1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ……………………………………. 2 CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION …………………………………... 4 CHAPTER 2 .………………………………………………………. 11 2.1 ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………. 12 2.2 INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………... 13 2.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS ……………………………… 16 2.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ……………………………….. 21 CHAPTER 3 ………………………………………………………... 31 3.1 ABSTRACT …………………………………………………….. 32 3.2 INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………… 33 3.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS ………………………………. 35 3.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ………………………………... 38 CHAPTER 4: GENERAL CONCLUSION ………………………………………... 44 SUMMARY ………………………………………………………….. 50 JAPANESE SUMMARY ……………………………………………. 52 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …………………………………………. 54 REFERENCES ……………………………………………………….. 56 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS ………………………………………….. 65 㻝㻌 㻌 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CE Cell envelope GalNAc㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌 N-acetyl-D-galactosamine g Gram g/L Gram/litre HA㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌 Hemagglutination ∆hlyA hlyA-deficient strain H hour IL Interleukin IPTG Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside LB㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 Luria broth M Molar mM Milimolar min Minute mL Mililitre mg/mL Milligram/mililitre NaCl Sodium chloride ORF Open reading frame PBS Phosphate-buffered saline㻌 PCR Polymerase chain reaction pH㻌㻌 㻌 㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌Potential of hydrogen SDS–PAGE Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis TSB Tryptic soy broth 㻞㻌 㻌 μL Microlitre μM Micromolar
    [Show full text]
  • 2012 Case Definitions Infectious Disease
    Arizona Department of Health Services Case Definitions for Reportable Communicable Morbidities 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS Definition of Terms Used in Case Classification .......................................................................................................... 6 Definition of Bi-national Case ............................................................................................................................................. 7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ............................................... 7 AMEBIASIS ............................................................................................................................................................................. 8 ANTHRAX (β) ......................................................................................................................................................................... 9 ASEPTIC MENINGITIS (viral) ......................................................................................................................................... 11 BASIDIOBOLOMYCOSIS ................................................................................................................................................. 12 BOTULISM, FOODBORNE (β) ....................................................................................................................................... 13 BOTULISM, INFANT (β) ...................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Bartonella Henselae • Fleas and Black-Legged Ticks (Also Called Deer Ticks) of the Genus Ixodes May Serve As Vectors, but This Has Not Disease Agent: Been Proven
    APPENDIX 2 Bartonella henselae • Fleas and black-legged ticks (also called deer ticks) of the genus Ixodes may serve as vectors, but this has not Disease Agent: been proven. • Bartonella henselae Blood Phase: Disease Agent Characteristics: • Agent found in endothelial cells and associated with RBCs in symptomatic cases • Gram-negative bacillus or coccobacillus, aerobic, • Occult bacteremia sometimes occurs in the absence nonmotile, nonspore-forming, facultatively intracel- of specific antibodies. lular bacterium • Order: Rhizobiales; Family: Bartonellaceae Survival/Persistence in Blood Products: • Size: 0.3-0.6 ¥ 0.3-1.0 mm • Nucleic acid: Approximately 1900 kb of DNA • A spiking study suggests that B. henselae added to RBCs can be recovered on solid media through 35 Disease Name: days of storage at 4°C. • Cat scratch disease • Cat scratch fever Transmission by Blood Transfusion: • Bacillary angiomatosis • Theoretical • Bacillary peliosis Cases/Frequency in Population: Priority Level: • 22,000 cases per year estimated in the US • Scientific/Epidemiologic evidence regarding blood • 2-6% in US blood donors safety: Theoretical • Cumulative seroprevalence of 7.1% to B. henselae and • Public perception and/or regulatory concern regard- B. quintana in US veterinary professionals ing blood safety: Absent • Public concern regarding disease agent: Very low Incubation Period: Background: • 3-10 days to appearance of papule at inoculation site; regional adenopathy may follow after a few weeks • In 1909,ALBartondescribed organisms that adhered to RBCs. Likelihood of Clinical Disease: • The name Bartonella bacilliformis was used for the • Relatively benign and self-limiting, lasting 6-12 weeks only member of the group identified before 1993. in the absence of antibiotic therapy • Several other species of Bartonella are known to infect humans, but at present, B.
    [Show full text]
  • Leprae by Means of Cytoplasmic Antigens
    Bull. Org. mond. Santt 1972, 46, 509-513 Bull. Wld Hlth Org. Immunological determination of Mycobacterium leprae by means of cytoplasmic antigens J. B. G. KWAPINSKI,1 J. 0. DE ALMEIDA,2 & E. H. KWAPINSKI 3 Mycobacterium leprae was isolated and purified from lepromas, the spleen, and the liver of leprosy patients. An immunodiffusion analysis of the cytoplasms obtained from four lots of M. leprae and M. lepraemurium, 295 strains of different actinomycetales, and 12 other bacteria was performed with the use ofthe cytoplasm antisera. Immunological relationships were revealed between the cytoplasms of M. leprae, M. lepraemurium, M. avium, M. gallinarum, M. tuberculosis, M. simiae, M. kansasii, M. chitae, M. cap- sulatum, Actinomyces israelii, A. naeslundii, and some strains of saprophytic myco- bacteria. These studies led to the proposed concept of the immunological evolution of M. leprae and M. lepraemurium and an Actinomyces-like progenitor through M. avium- M. gallinarum and to a proposal for the polyvalent vaccine currently being developed by this research group. Most of the past immunological research on lep- help to elucidate the immunogenicity of M. leprae rosy dealt with the skin or serum reactions of leprosy and would be useful for the preparation of an anti- patients with different mycobacterial antigen prepa- leprosy vaccine. rations. Almost all of these data were critically re- viewed by Bechelli (1971) and by de Almeida.4 More recently, the cross-reactions given by polysaccharide- MATERIALS AND METHODS protein complexes purified from M. leprae with the Sources of M. leprae and M. lepraemurium sera obtained from human leprosy, tuberculosis, and nocardiosis were revealed by Estrada-Parra (1970).
    [Show full text]
  • Anaplasma Platys Diagnosis in Dogs
    Anaplasma platys Diagnosis in Dogs: Comparison Between Morphological and Molecular Tests Renata Fernandes Ferreira, VMD, MSc1 Aloysio de Mello Figueiredo Cerqueira, VMD, MSc, DSc2 Ananda Müller Pereira, VMD1 Cecília Matheus Guimarães BSc2 Alexandre Garcia de Sá, VMD, MSc1 Fabricio da Silva Abreu, VMD, MSc1 Carlos Luiz Massard, VMD, MSc, PhD3 Nádia Regina Pereira Almosny, VMD, MSc, PhD1 1Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterinária Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 3Departamento de Parasitologia Animal Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil KEY WORDS: Anaplasma platys, PCR, ickettsia helminthoeca (PCR1). The second inclusions stage consisted of the utilization of specific primers for the detection of the species A ABSTRACT platys (PCR2). Upon comparison of the re- Anaplasma platys is related to the appear- sults, 18.81% of the studied animals showed ance of inclusion bodies in blood platelets; positive for PCR1. For PCR2, 15.84% of the however, this may be a nonspecific occur- studied animals had a positive result. In the rence as there are nonparasitic inclusion morphological analysis of the inclusion bod- bodies within these figured elements. Aiming ies, 14.85% of the animals showed positive to validate the morphological diagnosis for for A platys. The other inclusion bodies were A platys, 101 dogs were selected due to the considered as nonspecific, therefore nega- appearance of inclusion bodies, indepen- tive. When compared to the morphological dently from suggestive parasites, which analysis, the results of the molecule analysis were submitted to polymerase chain reac- by means of the MacNemar test led to the tion (PCR) carried out in 2 stages.
    [Show full text]
  • Alternatives in Molecular Diagnostics of Encephalitozoon and Enterocytozoon Infections
    Journal of Fungi Review Alternatives in Molecular Diagnostics of Encephalitozoon and Enterocytozoon Infections Alexandra Valenˇcáková * and Monika Suˇcik Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 15 June 2020; Accepted: 20 July 2020; Published: 22 July 2020 Abstract: Microsporidia are obligate intracellular pathogens that are currently considered to be most directly aligned with fungi. These fungal-related microbes cause infections in every major group of animals, both vertebrate and invertebrate, and more recently, because of AIDS, they have been identified as significant opportunistic parasites in man. The Microsporidia are ubiquitous parasites in the animal kingdom but, until recently, they have maintained relative anonymity because of the specialized nature of pathology researchers. Diagnosis of microsporidia infection from stool examination is possible and has replaced biopsy as the initial diagnostic procedure in many laboratories. These staining techniques can be difficult, however, due to the small size of the spores. The specific identification of microsporidian species has classically depended on ultrastructural examination. With the cloning of the rRNA genes from the human pathogenic microsporidia it has been possible to apply polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques for the diagnosis of microsporidial infection at the species and genotype level. The absence of genetic techniques for manipulating microsporidia and their complicated diagnosis hampered research. This study should provide basic insights into the development of diagnostics and the pitfalls of molecular identification of these ubiquitous intracellular pathogens that can be integrated into studies aimed at treating or controlling microsporidiosis. Keywords: Encephalitozoon spp.; Enterocytozoonbieneusi; diagnosis; molecular diagnosis; primers 1.
    [Show full text]