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Controlled Mosaic of Enceladus Se 500K -90/0 CMN, 2010 Damascus Sulcus Se-15 Controlled Mosaic of Enceladus Damascus Sulcus Se 500K -90/0 CMN, 2010 GENERAL NOTES ° 0 This map sheet is the 15th of a 15-quadrangle series covering the entire surface of Enceladus at a nominal scale of 1: 500 000. The source of map data was the Cassini imaging experiment (Porco et al., 2004)1,2. Cassini-Huygens is a joint NASA/ESA/ASI mission to explore the Saturnian system. 330° The Cassini spacecraft is the first spacecraft studying the Saturnian system of rings ° 30 and moons from orbit; it entered Saturnian orbit on July 1st, 2004. The Cassini orbiter has 12 instruments. One of them is the Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS), consisting of two framing cameras. The narrow angle camera is a reflecting telescope with a focal length of 2000 mm and a field of view of 0.35 degrees. The wide angle camera is a refractor with a focal length of 200 mm and a field of view of 3.5 degrees. Each camera is equipped with a large number of spectral filters which, taken together, span the electromagnetic spectrum from 0.2 to 1.1 micrometers. At the heart of each camera is a charged coupled device (CCD) detector consisting of a 1024 square array of pixels, each 12 microns on a side. D A MAP SHEET DESIGNATION M Se Enceladus (Saturnian satellite) 500K Scale 1 : 500 000 A -90/0 Center point in degrees consisting of latitude/west longitude 300° S CMN Controlled Mosaic with Nomenclature 60° B 2010 Year of publication C A G U IMAGE PROCESSING3 H S D - Radiometric correction - Geometric correction A - Photogrammetric adjustment using least-square and limb-fitting techniques C D - Map projection - Photometric correction using the Hapke bidirectional reflectance function A - Processing of the mosaic I R CONTROL O For the Cassini mission, spacecraft position and camera pointing data are available in the form of SPICE kernels. SPICE is a data system providing ancillary data such as spacecraft and target positions, target body size/shape/orientation, spacecraft orientation, instrument pointing used for planning space science missions and recovering the full value of science instrument data returned from missions (http://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/). While the orbit information was sufficiently accurate to be ° used directly for mapping purposes, the pointing information was improved using limb-fit techniques. ° -90 ° 90 S 270 Newly derived tri-axial ellipsoid models were used to calculate the surface intersection points. A U spherical reference surface is used for map projections. A 3-D control net was set up to correct errors in the nominal camera pointing data. The adjustment L A improved the computed camera pointing angles and the 3-D control net with average one sigma L C errors of 736 m, 335 m, 608 m for the x, y, z coordinates, respectively. Unfortunately, the control E U points are not equally distributed over Enceladus' surface due to missing stereo data around the prime meridian. The improved pointing data were used to calculate a medium-resolution, controlled X S mosaic. Finally, the high-resolution mosaic calculated as described above was registered on the A controlled mosaic to improve its global accuracy and feature definition. N The longitude system according to Davies and Katayama (1983)4 and adopted by the IAU/IAG D (International Astronomical Union/International Association of Geodesy) Working Group on 5 R S Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements as standard (Seidelmann et al., 2007) is U defined by crater Salih at 5° west. To be consistent with this definition, the final controlled mosaic I 6 A L was shifted by 3.5° to the west. This was not possible for the earlier version of the Enceladus atlas C C since crater Salih was imaged for the first time with high resolution during the flybys in 2008. A U -80° S M MAP PROJECTION P Polar stereographic projection ° 120° Scale is true at 90 S H Adopted figure: sphere 240° 7 O Mean radius: 252.1 km Grid system: planetographic latitude, west longitude R S UL S C S U NOMENCLATURE U U S L Names are suggested by the ISS-Camera-Team and approved by the International Astronomical L C Union (IAU). For a complete list of IAU-approved names on Enceladus, see the Gazetter of Planetary C U Nomenclature at http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/. S U -70° S REFERENCES 1 Porco, C.C., West, R.A., Squyres, S., McEwen, A., Thomas, P.C., Murray, C.D., DelGenio, J.A., Ingersoll, A.P., Johnson, T.V., Neukum, G., Veverka, J., Dones, L., Brahic, A., Burns, J.A., Haemmerle, 150° 210° V., Knowles, B., Dawson, D., Roatsch, Th., Beurle, K., Owen, W., 2004, Cassini Imaging Science: Instrument Characteristics and Anticipated Scientific Investigations at Saturn, Space Science Review, 115, 363-497. Scale 1 : 500 000 2 Porco, C.C., Helfenstein, P., Thomas, P.C., Ingersoll, A.P., Wisdom, J., West, R.A., Neukum, G., Denk, T., Wagner, R., Roatsch, Th., Kieffer, S., Turtle, E.P., McEwen, A., Johnson, T.V., Rathbun, 180° 0 10 20 30 km J., Veverka, J., Wilson, D., Perry, J., Spitale, J., Brahic, A., Burns, J.A., DelGenio, A.D., Dones, L., Murray, C.D., Squyres, S., 2006, Cassini Observes the Active South Pole of Enceladus, Science, 311, 1393-1401. 3 Roatsch, Th., Wählisch, M., Giese, B., Hoffmeister, A., Matz, K.-D., Scholten, F., Wagner, R., Neukum, G., Helfenstein and P., Porco, C.C., 2006, Mapping of the icy Saturian satellites: First results from Cassini-ISS, Planetary and Space Science, 54, 1137-1145. 4 Davies, M.E. and Katayama, F.Y., 1983, The Control Networks of Mimas and Enceladus, Icarus, 53, 332-340. Se-1 Index map Sindbad Index of Cassini images Resolution of the images 54 5 64 Seidelmann, P.K., Archinal, B.A., A’hearn, M.F., Conrad, A., Consolmagno, G.J., Hestroffer, D., 56 Se-5 Se-4 Se-3 Se-2 51 22 Hilton, J.L., Krasinsky, G.A., Neumann, G., Oberst, J., Stooke, P., Tedesco, E.F., Tholen, D.J., 60° Hamah Sulci Shahrazad Ali Baba 67 85 Thomas, P.C. and Williams, I.P., 2007, Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on cartographic ° m/ px 47 50 0 coordinates and rotational elements: 2006, Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, 98, 48 25 155-180. 49 59 >1500 62 6 84 26 1000 - 1500 Roatsch, Th., Wählisch, M., Giese, B., Hoffmeister, A., Matz, K.-D., Scholten, F., Wagner, R., 71 53 21 30° 60 61 Neukum, G., Helfenstein, P., Porco, C.C., 2008, High Resolution Enceladus Atlas derived from 55 6 52 700 - 1000 Cassini-ISS Images, Planetary and Space Sciences, 56, 109-116. 63 Se-10 Se-9 Se-8 Se-7 Se-6 5 Aziz Ebony Dorsum Khusrau Bulak Sulcus Salih 39 7 87 400 - 700 Thomas, P.C., Burns, J.A., Helfenstein, P., Squyres, S., Veverka, J., Porco, C.C., Turtle, E.P., 27 46 68 7 19 McEwen, A., Denk, T., Giese, B., Roatsch, Th., Johnson, T.V., 2006, Shapes of the Saturnian Icy 360° 330° 300° 270° 240° 210° 180° 150° 120° 90° 60° 30° 0° 4 90° 270° 250 - 400 Satellites and their Significance, Icarus, 190, 573-584. 0° 5 150 - 250 Image processing: Hoffmeister, A., Roatsch, Th., Scholten, F., Matz, K.-D. 100 - 150 Cartographic production and design: Kersten, E., Wählisch, M. 4 N1500061132 47 N1597183061 60 N1604167409 70 - 100 Se-14 Se-13 Se-12 Se-11 5 N1500061253 48 N1597183216 61 N1604167575 We greatly appreciate helpful discussions with Blue, J. and Kirk, R. (USGS). -30° Cashmere Sulci Hassan Otbah 6 N1500061390 49 N1597183387 62 N1604167805 7 N1500061512 50 N1597183548 63 N1604167982 <70 EDITOR 19 N1487301032 51 N1597183748 64 N1604168160 21 N1487301386 52 N1597182896 67 N1500050692 180° 22 N1487301590 53 N1602274088 68 N1569850128 German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Roatsch, Th. 25 W1487299765 54 N1602274348 71 N1489034080 Please send comments, suggestions, and questions to [email protected]. -60° 26 N1489047359 55 N1602274610 84 N1637466149 Se-15 27 N1489047708 56 N1602274753 85 N1637470054 Damascus Sulcus 39 N1489047533 59 N1602275201 87 N1637469787 46 N1584051633 German DLR Aerospace Center Se 500K -90/0 CMN, 2010 Se-15.
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