Hi-Resolution Map Sheet
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Controlled Mosaic of Enceladus Khusrau Se 400K 0/180 CMN, 2018 GENERAL NOTES This map sheet is the 8th of a 15-quadrangle series covering the entire surface of Enceladus at a nominal scale of 1: 400 000. This map series is the third version of the Enceladus atlas and supersedes the release from 20101. The source of map data was the Cassini imaging experiment (Porco et al., 2004)2. Cassini-Huygens is a joint NASA/ESA/ASI mission to explore the Saturnian system. The Cassini spacecraft is the first spacecraft studying the Saturnian system of rings and 216° West 210° 200° 190° 180° 170° 160° 150° 144° West moons from orbit; it entered Saturnian orbit on July 1st, 2004. The Cassini orbiter has 12 instruments. One of them is the Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem 22° 22° (ISS), consisting of two framing cameras. The narrow angle camera is a reflecting telescope with a focal length of 2000 mm and a field of view of 0.35 degrees. The wide angle camera is a refractor with a focal length of 200 mm and a field of view of 3.5 degrees. Each camera is equipped with a large number of spectral filters which, taken together, span the electromagnetic spectrum from 0.2 20° 20° to 1.1 micrometers. At the heart of each camera is a charged coupled device (CCD) detector consisting of a 1024 square array of pixels, each 12 microns on a side. MISR SULCI MAP SHEET DESIGNATION Se Enceladus (Saturnian satellite) 400K Scale 1 : 400 000 0/180 Center point in degrees consisting of latitude/west longitude CMN Controlled Mosaic with Nomenclature 2018 Year of publication IMAGE PROCESSING3 A - Radiometric correction of the images L - - Creation of a dense tie point network Y A - Multiple least-square bundle adjustments M A - Ortho-image mosaicking N 10° S U 10° L C I CONTROL For the Cassini mission, spacecraft position and camera pointing data are available in the form of SPICE kernels. SPICE is a data system providing ancillary data such as spacecraft and target positions, target body size/shape/orientation, spacecraft orientation, and instrument pointing, which is used for planning space science missions and recovering the full value of science instrument data returned from missions (http://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/). Al-Bakbuk A 3-D control network was set up to correct errors in the nominal camera pointing data. The network utilized all images in the Cassini ISS CLR (effective wavelength λe = 651 nm), GRN (λe = 569 nm), IR3 (λe = 928 nm), and UV3 (λe = 343 nm) filters with a pixel scale between 50 and 500 m/pixel and a phase angle less than 120°: a total of 586 images. The control network consisted of 10,362 tie points and 173,704 individual image measures, averaging nearly 17 measures per tie point. Least squares bundle adjustment resulted in a root mean square (rms) residual of 0.45 pixels, corresponding to rms ground point uncertainties of 66 m, 51 m, and 46 m in latitude, longitude, and radius, respectively. The bundle solution yielded independently determined shape information, resulting in radii (a, b, c axis) slight smaller than, but within the stated uncertainty of, IAU values, and a 0.769° shift in the prime meridian offset (W0). Using this geodetic control network, updated pointing kernels for every image were calculated, substantially improving image locations. Additionally, a new global mosaic of Enceladus using the best available data from the mission was 0° 0° created. Shirin The longitude system according to Davies and Katayama (1983)4 and adopted by the IAU/IAG (International Astronomical Union/International Association of Geodesy) Working Group on Khusrau Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements as standard (Archinal et al., 2018)5 is defined by crater Salih at 5° west. MAP PROJECTION Mercator projection onto a secant cylinder using standard parallels at 13°S and 13°N Scale is true at 13°S / 13°N Adopted figure: sphere Mean radius: 252.1 km Grid system: planetographic latitude, west longitude NOMENCLATURE Names are suggested by the ISS-Camera-Team and approved by the International Astronomical -10° -10° Union (IAU). For a complete list of IAU-approved names on Enceladus, see the Gazetter of Planetary Nomenclature at http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/. REFERENCES 1 Roatsch, Th., Kersten, E., Hoffmeister, A., Wählisch, M., Matz, K.-D., Porco, C.C., 2013, Recent improvements of the Saturnian satellites atlases: Mimas, Enceladus, and Dione, Planetary and Behram Space Science, 77, 118-125. 2 Porco, C.C., West, R.A., Squyres, S., McEwen, A., Thomas, P.C., Murray, C.D., DelGenio, J.A., Ingersoll, A.P., Johnson, T.V., Neukum, G., Veverka, J., Dones, L., Brahic, A., Burns, J.A., Haemmerle, V., Knowles, B., Dawson, D., Roatsch, Th., Beurle, K., Owen, W., 2004, Cassini Imaging Science: Instrument Characteristics and Anticipated Scientific Investigations at Saturn, Space Science Review, 115, 363-497. Shakashik 3 Bland, M.T., Becker, T.L., Edmundson, K.L., Patterson, G.W., Roatsch, Th., Takir, D., Collins, G.C., Pappalardo, R.T., Schenk, P.M., Hare, T.M., A new Enceladus global control network, image mosaic, and updated pointing kernels from Cassini’s thirteen-year mission, submitted to Earth and Al-Mustazi Space Science. Al-Kuz Perizadah 4 Davies, M.E. and Katayama, F.Y., 1983, The Control Networks of Mimas and Enceladus, Icarus, -20° -20° 53, 332-340. Zumurrud 5 Archinal, B.A., Acton, C.H., A’Hearn, M.F., Conrad, A., Consolmagno, G.J., Duxbury, T., Hestroffer, D., Hilton, J.L., Kirk, R.L., Klioner, S.A., McCarthy, D., Meech, K., Oberst, J., Ping, J., Seidelmann, -22° -22° P.K., Tholen, D.J., Thomas, P.C., Williams, I.P., 2018, Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartogra- 216° West 210° 200° 190° 180° 170° 160° 150° 144° West phic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2015, Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, 130, 3, 22. Image processing (USGS): Becker, T.L., Bland, M.T. Scale 1:400 000 Cartographic production and design (DLR): Kersten, E., Wählisch, M. 0 10 20 30 40 km EDITOR German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Roatsch, Th. Please send comments, suggestions, and questions to [email protected]. Index map Se-1 Index of Cassini images Resolution of the images Sindbad Se-5 Se-4 Se-3 Se-2 60° Hamah Sulci Shahrazad Kasim Ali Baba 11 N1489047867 216° West 200° 180° 160° 144° West 12 N1489048050 22° 22° 13 N1489048222 m/px 16 N1489048724 18 17 N1489048898 102 400 - 500 30° 24 17 18 N1489049072 16 106 23 N1489050111 90 24 N1489050287 10° 10° 300 - 400 Se-10 Se-9 Se-8 Se-7 Se-6 86 Aziz Ebony Dorsum Khusrau Bulak Sulcus Salih 23 31 25 N1489050442 88 28 91 26 N1489050618 200 - 300 28 N1500059236 360° 330° 300° 270° 240° 210° 180° 150° 120° 90° 60° 30° 0° 30 N1500060463 0° 0° 150 - 200 0° 89 31 N1500060756 32 N1500060887 26 33 N1500061010 100 - 150 13 30 92 86 N1671591706 103 88 N1671592570 25 -10° -10° 50 - 100 32 89 N1671592775 90 N1671592995 Se-14 Se-13 Se-12 Se-11 11 91 N1671593221 <50 -30° Cashmere Sulci Hassan Otbah Kamar 86 88 12 92 N1671593413 33 102 N1702361271 31 103 N1702361420 -22° -22° Phase angle 120° 106 N1858920340 216° West 200° 180° 160° 144° West Incidence angle 87° Emission angle 80° -60° Se-15 Damascus Sulcus Se 400K 0/180 CMN, 2018 Se-8.