Identification of Selective Sweeps in Domesticated
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
European Apple and Pear Crop Forecast 2011
EUROPEAN APPLE AND PEAR CROP FORECAST AUGUST 2011 9 10 August 2011 FOREWORD WAPA, the World Apple and Pear Association, is pleased to provide the 2011 European apple and pear crop estimate. This data will be released on the occasion of the 35th Prognosfruit Conference, which will take place in Ljubljana, Slovenia from 4-6 August 2011. This report is compiled upon the initiative of the apple and pear Working Group of COPA COGECA. The data has been collected with the useful support of the respective representative national producer organisations of the various Member States of the European Union and beyond. In regard to 2011, this report concludes that apple production in the EU for the 21 top producing countries contributing to this report will increase by 5% compared to the previous year, corresponding to a production of 10.195.000T. This production is however a 5% lower than the average for the last three years. In regard to varieties, Golden Delicious production will be up by 5% to 2.533.000T. Gala will increase by 7% to 1.059.000T. Jonagold will be up by 14% at 594.000T, while Red Delicious will decrease by 4% to 635.000T. Regarding pears, European growers predict a higher crop by 12% compared to 2010. Indeed, it is reported that the total crop in 2011 will reach 2.533.000T, compared to 2010 production which reached 2.264.000T. This figure relates to the production of the top 18 Member States of the EU-27 growing pears and contributing with their data to this report. -
Ardrossan Sets Sights on New Growth CONFIDENCE GROWS HERE
Australian Fruitgrower Winter 2020 • Vol 14 • Issue 2 Global knowledge at your fingertips SWP redefines ‘unskilled’ Pruning for vigour Ardrossan sets sights on new growth CONFIDENCE GROWS HERE Introducing a new level of confi dence in DMIs New Belanty fungicide gives you a new level of confi dence in the control of black spot in apples. Setting a new global standard for DMI’s, Belanty provides up to 100 times stronger enzyme binding than other DMI’s and is able to control resistant target disease populations. After years of research, Belanty is the breakthrough you’ve been waiting for. Find out more at crop-solutions.basf.com.au ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW LABEL DIRECTIONS. © Copyright BASF 2020 ® Registered trademark of BASF. W244376 05.2020 CONTENTS A P A L NEWS LABOUR CEO Report . .04 Advocacy update . .05 Global knowledge at your fingertips . .12 21 FEA TURE 06 Seasonal workers redefine ‘unskilled’ Emerging BIOSECURITY stronger Biosecurity – what’s in it for me? . .26 Ardrossan sets sights on new growth . 06 RAISING T H E BAR : Tree returns must justify water cost . .08 R&D - LED INSIGH T S I N T O S M A R TER GROW T H Protect market access . .09 Focus on output . .09 Water security must come first . .10 Identify the opportunities . .11 28 EXPORT Online export training from July . .14 Pruning for vigour S T A T E R O UNDUP management State roundups . .16 MARKETING Campaign adds ‘feel good’ factor . .23 Pears that will arrive well before the heirs . 34 Sundial Orchard: Illuminating the future . -
APPLE (Fruit Varieties)
E TG/14/9 ORIGINAL: English DATE: 2005-04-06 INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NEW VARIETIES OF PLANTS GENEVA * APPLE (Fruit Varieties) UPOV Code: MALUS_DOM (Malus domestica Borkh.) GUIDELINES FOR THE CONDUCT OF TESTS FOR DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY Alternative Names:* Botanical name English French German Spanish Malus domestica Apple Pommier Apfel Manzano Borkh. The purpose of these guidelines (“Test Guidelines”) is to elaborate the principles contained in the General Introduction (document TG/1/3), and its associated TGP documents, into detailed practical guidance for the harmonized examination of distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) and, in particular, to identify appropriate characteristics for the examination of DUS and production of harmonized variety descriptions. ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTS These Test Guidelines should be read in conjunction with the General Introduction and its associated TGP documents. Other associated UPOV documents: TG/163/3 Apple Rootstocks TG/192/1 Ornamental Apple * These names were correct at the time of the introduction of these Test Guidelines but may be revised or updated. [Readers are advised to consult the UPOV Code, which can be found on the UPOV Website (www.upov.int), for the latest information.] i:\orgupov\shared\tg\applefru\tg 14 9 e.doc TG/14/9 Apple, 2005-04-06 - 2 - TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. SUBJECT OF THESE TEST GUIDELINES..................................................................................................3 2. MATERIAL REQUIRED ...............................................................................................................................3 -
Branched-Chain Ester Biosynthesis in Ripening Apple Fruit
BRANCHED-CHAIN ESTER BIOSYNTHESIS IN RIPENING APPLE FRUIT By Nobuko Sugimoto A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Horticulture 2011 ABSTRACT BRANCHED-CHAIN ESTER BIOSYNTHESIS IN RIPENING APPLE FRUIT By Nobuko Sugimoto In apple fruit, aroma is an essential element of organoleptic quality and it can suffer in response to a number of pre- and post-harvest cultural treatments. Of the several classes of odor-active compounds, esters are the most important, but little is known regarding pathways of biosynthesis. This research presents evidence for a ‘new’ pathway for ester biosynthesis in apple that uses the starting products pyruvate and acetyl-CoA for the synthesis of precursors to branched-chain (BC) and certain short, straight-chain (SC) esters. The initial step in the pathway involves the formation of citramalic acid from pyruvate and acetyl-CoA by citramalate synthase (CIM). Citramalic acid then provides for the formation of α-keto-β-methylvalerate and its tramsaminated product isoleucine via α-ketobutyrate, and also for the BC ester precursors 2-methylbutanol or 2- methylbutanoate. The hypothesized pathway also provides for the formation of 3-, 4-, and 5- carbon fatty acids via the process of single-carbon elongation of α-keto acids, which are metabolized to short-chain fatty acids. These short-chain fatty acids are proposed to contribute to SC ester formation. Analysis of ripening fruit revealed that citramalic acid increased about 120- fold as ester production increased during ripening. At the same time, the content of isoleucine increased more than 20-fold, while other amino acids remained steady or declined. -
Print Open Colour Acceptances
PRINT OPEN COLOUR ACCEPTANCES AUSTRALIA Vicki Moritz EFIAP/p APSEM Thunder Point Lighthouse GMPSA APP BELGIUM Maurits De Groen Triangles Sara Gabriels EPSA Second class Wrinkles of life Luc Stalmans Diffraction in a spider web Somnium Verum Evadit The Rope CHANNEL ISLANDS Steven Le Prevost FRPS AFIAP Sidney GPU Ribbon MPAGB FIPF Meadowgrove Farm Sophie and Susan CHINA Yin Ba Joyful song in the desert SPS Medal Medal Morning glow in the mist Ji Chen Joy The couple Shaohua Chen Eye Face Mending net Tao Feng Left-behind children Jian Kang Mettled horses Xinjiang body prairie Jianping Li Basha matador Eullient Lusheng Festival Take across semtient beings Jiangchuan Tong Vestrahorn in Iceland 2 Yonghe Wang Sevent steeds compete SPS Ribbon Bo Xu Born of fire Sisong Yang Wrangler SPS Ribbon Du Yi Over the rainbow Strange dream Changren Yu Herdsman 4 SPS Ribbon Herdsman 2 Herdsman 3 ENGLAND Gerry Adcock ARPS Names Can't Hurt Me Terri Adcock LRPS CPAGB AFIAP Chasing the Pack PPSA Dave Airston LRPS CPAGB Gracefulness Warren Alani ARPS DPAGB AFIP Full Thrust BPE***** Maria On The Ball Eagerness PSA Silver Medal Helen Ashbourne ARPS DPAGB Dance Dancer in Pink Dancing the Blues Charles Edward Ashton ARPS Bidri Production Hyderabad DPAGB BPE3 AFIAP Metalwork Poultry Processing Kerala Purple Portrait Barry Badcock ARPS Passing John Birch MAXIMUM POWER Francesca Bramall Isolation Soft Wash Of Waves Winter Landscape At Sandon David Bray Stormy Day At Godrevy Vulcan Reflection At Dusk Joe Brennan LRPS DPAGB BPE3* Innocent Lorna Brown ARPS EFIAP CPAGB Nest -
Survey of Apple Clones in the United States
Historic, archived document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. 5 ARS 34-37-1 May 1963 A Survey of Apple Clones in the United States u. S. DFPT. OF AGRffini r U>2 4 L964 Agricultural Research Service U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PREFACE This publication reports on surveys of the deciduous fruit and nut clones being maintained at the Federal and State experiment stations in the United States. It will b- published in three c parts: I. Apples, II. Stone Fruit. , UI, Pears, Nuts, and Other Fruits. This survey was conducted at the request of the National Coor- dinating Committee on New Crops. Its purpose is to obtain an indication of the volume of material that would be involved in establishing clonal germ plasm repositories for the use of fruit breeders throughout the country. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Gratitude is expressed for the assistance of H. F. Winters of the New Crops Research Branch, Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, under whose direction the questionnaire was designed and initial distribution made. The author also acknowledges the work of D. D. Dolan, W. R. Langford, W. H. Skrdla, and L. A. Mullen, coordinators of the New Crops Regional Cooperative Program, through whom the data used in this survey were obtained from the State experiment stations. Finally, it is recognized that much extracurricular work was expended by the various experiment stations in completing the questionnaires. : CONTENTS Introduction 1 Germany 298 Key to reporting stations. „ . 4 Soviet Union . 302 Abbreviations used in descriptions .... 6 Sweden . 303 Sports United States selections 304 Baldwin. -
A Manual Key for the Identification of Apples Based on the Descriptions in Bultitude (1983)
A MANUAL KEY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF APPLES BASED ON THE DESCRIPTIONS IN BULTITUDE (1983) Simon Clark of Northern Fruit Group and National Orchard Forum, with assistance from Quentin Cleal (NOF). This key is not definitive and is intended to enable the user to “home in” rapidly on likely varieties which should then be confirmed in one or more of the manuals that contain detailed descriptions e.g. Bunyard, Bultitude , Hogg or Sanders . The varieties in this key comprise Bultitude’s list together with some widely grown cultivars developed since Bultitude produced his book. The page numbers of Bultitude’s descriptions are included. The National Fruit Collection at Brogdale are preparing a list of “recent” varieties not included in Bultitude(1983) but which are likely to be encountered. This list should be available by late August. As soon as I receive it I will let you have copy. I will tabulate the characters of the varieties so that you can easily “slot them in to” the key. Feedback welcome, Tel: 0113 266 3235 (with answer phone), E-mail [email protected] Simon Clark, August 2005 References: Bultitude J. (1983) Apples. Macmillan Press, London Bunyard E.A. (1920) A Handbook of Hardy Fruits; Apples and Pears. John Murray, London Hogg R. (1884) The Fruit Manual. Journal of the Horticultural Office, London. Reprinted 2002 Langford Press, Wigtown. Sanders R. (1988) The English Apple. Phaidon, Oxford Each variety is categorised as belonging to one of eight broad groups. These groups are delineated using skin characteristics and usage i.e. whether cookers, (sour) or eaters (sweet). -
Studies on Some Apple Virus Diseases in New Hampshire Joseph G
University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Spring 1958 STUDIES ON SOME APPLE VIRUS DISEASES IN NEW HAMPSHIRE JOSEPH G. BARRAT Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation BARRAT, JOSEPH G., "STUDIES ON SOME APPLE VIRUS DISEASES IN NEW HAMPSHIRE" (1958). Doctoral Dissertations. 752. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/752 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dapple apple symptoms on the fruits of the variety Starking. STUDIES ON SOME APPLE VIRUS DISEASES IN NEW HAMPSHIRE By Joseph G. Barrat B. S., Rhode Island State College, 19*+8 M. S., University of Rhode Island, 1951 A DISSERTATION Submitted to the University of New Hampshire In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate School Department of Botany May, 1958 This dissertation has been examined and approved. ■?. / T Date ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The writer wishes to express his deep appreciation to Dr. Avery E. Rich for his assistance and permission to develop the study along those lines which seemed most opportune. The writer is indebted to Dr. Albion R. Hodgdon for his taxonomic assistance, Dr. Stuart Dunn for permis sion to use the available space in the light room, Dr, R. A. Kilpatrick for help with the photographs and Dr. W. -
Identification of Historic Apple Trees in the Southwestern United States and Implications for Conservation
Hop i Sill yii 4400 2009. tamed apple culttvars introduced to or selected in North America. Identification of Historic Apple Trees in Modern commercial apple production requires consistency of ripening time, quality retention during processing and shipping, and the Southwestern United States and long storage life, and not all varieties can meet these criteria (Golanij and Bauer. 2004). Implications for Conservation Market pressures have reduced the diversity Kanin J. Routson' of fnut trees once grown in small fiumily orchards- -where diversity of ripening time, Arid Lands Resource Sciences, Unii'ei'sit-t' ofA rizona, 1955 East Si.itli Street, sizes, textures, and flavors were celebra- P.O. Box 210184, Tucson, AZ 85719 ted—to only a few handfuls of commonly planted commercial cultivars. Curi'enil y. I Ann A. Reillev, Adam D. Henk, and Gayle M. Volk apple cultivars account for over 90% of the National ('enic,' fin' Genetic Resources Preservation, U. S. Depai'/rnenr of apples sold in the United States, with 'Red Agriculiui'e, Fort Collins, CO 80521 Delicious' constituting 41% of this hgure Dennis, 2008). In The Fruit. Bern' and A'te! Ai/i/ioonal iiidrv words. .tioliv. simple sequence repeat. genetic diversity J;ii anton- ( Whcalv. 2001) Kent Whealy lists 1500 apple varieties cun'entiv available Abstract. lany apple varieties commonl y planted in the United States a century ago can through U.S. nurseries, many of which have no longer be found in toda y 's orchards and nurseries. Abandoned farmsteads and been developed through modern fruit breed- historic orchards harbor considerable agrobiodiversity , but the extent and location of ing. -
Äppelklonarkivet I Bergianska Trädgården
Äppelklonarkivet i Bergianska trädgården P. J. Bergius Äppelklonarkivet Bergianska trädgårdens klonarkiv startades 1981 av dåvarande Professor Bergianus Måns Ryberg som var engagerad i Nordiska Genbanken för frukt och bär. Ett 30-tal sorter planterades från början och har genom åren utökats. Idag ingår klonarkiven i verksamheten vid Programmet för Odlad Mångfald (POM). Anledningen till att upprätta denna typ av klonarkiv är att bevara en mångfald av gamla kulturväxter. Modern växtförädling kan innebära framställning av några få men högproducerande sorter. Dessa tenderar att ersätta mångfalden av äldre lokala sorter, som tillsammans utgjort en stor genetisk variation för olika egenskaper. Om man har ett fåtal sorter blir dessa lätt mottagliga för växtsjukdomar. Därför är det viktigt att bevara ett större urval av gammalt sortmaterial som kan behövas för framtida växtförädling. När det gäller de odlade växterna finns dessutom ett stort kulturhisto- riskt värde i att bevara gamla lokala sorter. Dessa kan ha haft stor bety- delse för människors försörjning och spelat en betydande roll i en bygds utveckling. Sorter av äpplen och päron hålls vid liv genom så kallad vegetativ förök- ning. Ursprungligen har varje sort uppstått ur en kärna. Men vill man bevara en speciell sort med dess speciella egenskaper så måste detta ske genom exempelvis ympning. Vid kärnsådd uppstår alltid nya typer. Vid växtförädling av äpplen görs korsningar där båda föräldrarna är kända. Sedan sås en stor mängd kärnor av denna korsning och man får då förhoppningsvis några plantor som ger bra äpplen med nya egenskaper värda att bevara som en ny sort. Det tar 20–30 år att få fram en ny äp- pelsort från korsning till att den finns tillgänglig i handeln. -
INF03 Reduce Lists of Apple Varieites
ECE/TRADE/C/WP.7/GE.1/2009/INF.3 Specialized Section on Standardization of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables Fifty-fifth session Geneva, 4 - 8 May 2009 Items 4(a) of the provisional agenda REVISION OF UNECE STANDARDS Proposals on the list of apple varieties This note has been put together by the secretariat following the decision taken by the Specialized Section at its fifty-fourth session to collect information from countries on varieties that are important in international trade. Replies have been received from the following countries: Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Slovakia, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland and the USA. This note also includes the documents compiled for the same purpose and submitted to the fifty-second session of the Specialized Section. I. Documents submitted to the 52nd session of the Specialized Section A. UNECE Standard for Apples – List of Varieties At the last meeting the 51 st session of the Specialized Section GE.1 the delegation of the United Kingdom offered to coordinate efforts to simplify the list of apple varieties. The aim was to see what the result would be if we only include the most important varieties that are produced and traded. The list is designed to help distinguish apple varieties by colour groups, size and russeting it is not exhaustive, non-listed varieties can still be marketed. The idea should not be to list every variety grown in every country. The UK asked for views on what were considered to be the most important top thirty varieties. Eight countries sent their views, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, USA, Slovakia, Germany Finland and the Czech Republic. -
Different Methods of Thinning Influenced by Variety and Hail Nets in Apple Orchards
Research Article Agri Res & Tech: Open Access J Volume 22 Issue 3 - August 2019 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Ricardo Antonio Ayub DOI: 10.19080/ARTOAJ.2019.22.556197 Different Methods of Thinning Influenced by Variety and Hail Nets in Apple Orchards Alexandre Pozzobom Pavanello1,2, Michael Zoth2, Ricardo Antonio Ayub1* and Kamila Karoline de Souza Los1 1Depto de Fitotecnia Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Brazil 2Kopetemzzentrum Obstbau Bodansee, Germany Submission: July 23, 2019; Published: August 20, 2019 *Corresponding author: Ricardo Antonio Ayub, Depto de Fitotecnia, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, UEPG, , Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030900, Ponta Grossa-PR, Brazil Abstract Looking at the effects of thinning on apple quality, the purpose of this study was to investigate the fallouts of thinning methods in different varieties and under hail nets. The experiment was developed in Bavendorf, South Germany. The ‘Pinova’and ‘Braeburn’ apple trees were covered with two types of hail net: white, black and without nets. The following thinners were tested: Mechanical thinning (MT) with the ‘Darwin machine’; chemical thinning with Metamitron (CT-Metamitron) or 6-benzyladenine (CT-BA) and hand thinning (HT). The evaluations were: fruit set, time taken for HT, photosynthesis measurements, fruit retention, yield, fruit quality, and thinning efficacy value. The CT-BA treatment required the highest number of hours to perform HT for both varieties and hail nets. Comparing the varieties, the Pinova demonstrated less efficiency for thinning treatments, hence more hours were needed to thin by hand. Photosynthesis measurements were clearly different between CT-Metamitron versus CT-BA and MT curves, where CT-Metamitron remained in effect for 11 days after the treatment.