Historic, archived document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. 5 ARS 34-37-1 May 1963 A Survey of Apple Clones in the United States u. S. DFPT. OF AGRffini r U>2 4 L964 Agricultural Research Service U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PREFACE This publication reports on surveys of the deciduous fruit and nut clones being maintained at the Federal and State experiment stations in the United States. It will b- published in three c parts: I. Apples, II. Stone Fruit. , UI, Pears, Nuts, and Other Fruits. This survey was conducted at the request of the National Coor- dinating Committee on New Crops. Its purpose is to obtain an indication of the volume of material that would be involved in establishing clonal germ plasm repositories for the use of fruit breeders throughout the country. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Gratitude is expressed for the assistance of H. F. Winters of the New Crops Research Branch, Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, under whose direction the questionnaire was designed and initial distribution made. The author also acknowledges the work of D. D. Dolan, W. R. Langford, W. H. Skrdla, and L. A. Mullen, coordinators of the New Crops Regional Cooperative Program, through whom the data used in this survey were obtained from the State experiment stations. Finally, it is recognized that much extracurricular work was expended by the various experiment stations in completing the questionnaires. : CONTENTS Introduction 1 Germany 298 Key to reporting stations. „ . 4 Soviet Union . 302 Abbreviations used in descriptions .... 6 Sweden . 303 Sports United States selections 304 Baldwin. 20 Illinois 304 Delicious. ...... «... 54 Indiana . 306 Duchess 79 Iowa 307 . Gravenstein. 102 Kansas. „ . 308 Jonathan ....... 124 Maryland. ............. 308 Mcintosh ...... 156 Minnesota ........ .... 309 Melba „ . 163 New Jersey. ............ 309 Northern Spy ......... 180 New York. 311 Rome 214 North Dakota . 312 Stayman. ................ 241 Ohio 312 Wealthy. 263 South Dakota. 313 Winesap. ..... 271 Virginia. 313 York 284 Wyoming ....... 313 Polypoid lines .............. 285 Miscellaneous ............ 314 Unnamed selections and hybrids - by origin Canada 288 England. ......... 294 . SURVEY OF APPLE CLONES IN THE UNITED STATES H. H. Fisher Crops Research Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture INTRODUCTION The necessity of perpetuating species, The National Coordinating Committee for strains, and cultivars of plants for use by New Crops appointed a subcommittee to make research workers in agriculture and related surveys to determine how best to preserve germ fields has long been recognized. Much has plasm in seed form. As a result the National been written on the subject, but the respon- Seed Storage Laboratory was established at sibility for the maintenance of such plant Fort Collins, Colo., in October 1958 by the U.S. stocks rested upon the Federal plant intro- Department of Agriculture. duction stations and those State and private institutions interested in specific items. The maintenance of germ plasm as seeds only Loss of interest in given groups of plants partly solves the problem. Germ plasm of asexu- or attrition of funds and personnel has ally propagated plant materials presents a more often resulted in a loss of specific costly and complex proposition. Repositories items making them no longer available to in several locations to accommodate the climatic the free world. The value of germ plasm requirements of the various types of plants thus lost will never be known. would be necessary. Sanitation and cultivation would also vary with the material involved. A An approach to the problem of perserving technical staff would be needed to determine germ plasm for future use was considered by the best means of perpetuating the clones and the National Research Council in 1944. After keeping abreast with other problems that would due consideration of the Council's recommen- arise dation, the Congress wrote a provision into the Research and Marketing Act of 1946 that As an approach to the second phase of the the U.S. Department of Agriculture set up a germ plasm storage problem, which involves asexu- National Program for the — preservation of new ally propagated material, the New Crops Research and useful plants of potential value--and Branch, Crops Research Division, was requested bv for the preservation of valuable germ plasm. the National Coordinating Committee for New Crops to assume leadership in making a survey of I. Apples, II. Stone fruits, III. Pears, Nuts the clonal material being maintained in this and Other Fruits. Other surveys will be as- country. It was decided to undertake the sembled covering (1) sub-tropical and tropical tree fruits and nuts first. A questionnaire crops, (2) small fruits, (3) vegetables, (4) was prepared on 5" x 8" file cards in the forage and turf, in order of priority estab- format shown on page 3. The initial distri- lished by the National Coordinating Committee. bution of questionnaires was made to State experiment stations through the Regional Of the survey on apples, approximately Plant Introduction Stations in October 1959. 4,500 items are recorded. About 500 additional Other Federal stations were contacted direct items reported were of local interest only, by the Branch. hence, they are not listed individually. Brief statements on them are presented on appropriate This present compilation is a survey pages. rather than an inventory since it was not intended that this work be exhaustive. The information obtained from the question- There are many institutional, commercial naires was edited for botanical names and Plant and private plant collections scattered Introduction (P.I.) numbers for each entry where throughout the country that probably con- applicable. Common names were edited insofar as tain clones not to be found at anv of the reliable references are available. Some descrip- locations contacted in this survey. To tive information obtained by a search of litera- have solicited inventories from each of ture and correspondence was added by the author. these would have involved work dispro- portionate to the basic purpose of the survey. A limited amount of material listed herein has been indexed for certain viruses. This The first tabulation of questionnaires material is designated by an asterisk (*) after returned to Branch headquarters at Belts- the station code where it is to be found. ville, Md. , was made in May 1961. An analysis showed that of the 8,660 items It should be understood that the listing reported 44. 6 percent were apples, 30 of any item in this survey does not guarantee percent were stone fruits, 15.6 percent that the item will be available from the indic- were pears, 4.5 percent were nuts, and ated source in the future. 5.3 percent were miscellaneous items. The key to the reporting stations and the As a result of this preliminary abbreviations used in the descriptions appear analysis it was decided to publish the on pages 4 and 6. survey of deciduous fruits and nuts in three parts : : : : QUESTIONNAIRE USED IN CLONAL SURVEY National Clonal Stock Inventory Species Station : P.I. No. Station No. Variety Patent No. Most Common Synonym(s): Source Parentage Bud Mutation Of : Pertinent Description and/or Value if Rootstock Clone: Germ Plasm Value (Known Genetic Characters, Ploidy, Etc.): Indexed for Viruses: Yes No Findings: Anticipated Discard Date: Prepared by: Date: CR Form 45(8-59) USDA - ARS 3 . KEY TO REPORTING STATIONS* AkP Agricultural Experiment Station MdG U. S. Plant Introduction Station University of Alaska Glenn Dale Palmer, Alaska Maryland CaC U.S. Plant Introduction Station MeO Agricultural Experiment Station Chico, California University of Maine Orono, Maine CnS Agricultural Experiment Station University of Connecticut MiE Agricultural Experiment Station Storrs, Connecticut Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan I1U Agricultural Experiment Station University of Illinois MiG Graham Horticultural Experiment Station Urbana, Illinois Grand RaDids Michigan InL Agricultural Experiment Station Purdue University MiS South Haven Horticultural Lafayette, Indiana Experiment Station South Haven, Michigan IoA Agricultural Experiment Station Iowa State University MnS Agricultural Experiment Station Ames, Iowa University of Minnesota St. Paul Campus KaM Agricultural Experiment Station St. Paul, Minnesota Kansas State University Manhattan, Kansas MoC Agricultural Experiment Station University of Missouri Md3 Plant Industry Station Columbia, Missouri Beltsville Maryland * The symbols are similar to those used in the Plant Buyer's Guide, 6th edition, published by Massachusetts Horticultural Society NdF Agricultural Experiment Station SdC Agricultural Experiment Station North Dakota State University College Station Fargo, North Dakota South Dakota NdM Northern Great Plains Field Station Vt3 Agricultural Experiment Station Box 203 University of Vermont Mandan, North Dakota Burlington, Vermont NjB Agricultural Experiment Station Va3 Agricultural Experiment Station of Rutgers Virginia Polytechnic Institute New Brunswick, New Jersey Blacksburg, Virginia NyG Agricultural Experiment Station WaM Moxee Quarantine Station Department of Pomology Moxee Geneva, New York Washington OhW Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station WaP Agricultural Research Service Wooster Irregation Experiment Station Ohio Prosser, Washington OkS Agricultural Experiment Station WaW Agricultural Research Service Oklahoma