2017 / 2018

THE ANGLO-ISRAEL ASSOCIATION

1 WHO WE ARE CONTENTS

FOUNDER COUNCIL The Late Brigadier General Lady Sainsbury (Chairman) Sir Wyndham Deedes, CMG, DSO Lady Anderson Sir Andrew Burns, KCMG HON PRESIDENT The Earl of Balfour HE The Ambassador of Israel Mrs E Corob 5 Chairman’s Message Dame Vivien Duffield, DBE HON VICE-PRESIDENTS Mr JM Greenwood 6 Beyond the Balfour Declaration Mr M Green Mrs M Park Mrs L Hochhauser The Marquess of Reading 8 Beverley-Jane Stewart Paints ‘Balfour Accomplished’ Mr J Marshall Mr D Sumberg Mr GR Pinto The Rt Hon The Lord Woolf, PC 10 The Obstacles to the Achievement of a Two-State Solution Lady Sainsbury Mr A Yablon 20 The Phony Peace Between the Labour Party and Jews EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (TRUSTEES) DINNER COMMITTEE The Lord Bew (Chairman) Lady Baker (Co Chairman) 22 ‘Distinguished Men of the Left Echo the Language of Holocaust Denial’ Mrs J Atkin Mr A Reeve (Co Chairman) Lady Baker Ms E Emanuel 24 Failure to Confront Anti-Semitism Mr R Bolchover (Co-Deputy Chairman) Ms L Diamond Miss B Dingle Mrs F Saunderson 26 The 8th Ambassadors Roundtable on Cyber-Security Professor D Hochhauser (Co-Deputy Chairman) Mr B Streather Mr D Kessler Mrs E Tarling 33 Clergy Visit to Israel Mr H Lewis FCA (Hon Treasurer) Ms O Polizzi EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 34 AIA Events: Mr A Reeve Mrs Ruth Saunders Worth Dying for: The Power and Politics of Flags Mr B Streather 100th Anniversary of the Balfour Declaration Celebration Mrs E Tarling AIA Colloquium Mr T Vince

36 The World Turned Upside Down

38 10 Of the Most Spectacular Desert Hikes in Israel FOLLOW THE ANGLO-ISRAEL ASSOCIATION ON FACEBOOK AND TWITTER AT: 44 Letter from a Forgotten Jew

49 Jerusalem at 50: A 2000 Year Old Dream facebook.com/AngloIsraelAssoc/ @AngloIsraelAssn 50 Palestinian Authority Text Books Teach Pupils to be Expendable ‘Martyrs’

52 Sanhedrin Trail

54 Israel’s Radical New Approach to Psychological First Aid ANGLO-ISRAEL ASSOCIATION PO Box 47819, London NW11 7WD 56 Israeli Innovations T: 020 8458 1284 F. 020 8458 3484 E: [email protected] www.angloisraelassociation.com 68 A 21st Century Trilateral Relationship?

Registered Charity No. 313523 71 A Bridge Between the UK and Israeli Business Environment

The articles in this magazine reflect the views of the authors and not necessarily those of the Anglo- 72 AIA Educational Trusts Israel Association. If you have a comment on any of the articles or on the magazine in general, we would be pleased to hear from you. Letters or emails should be addressed to the Editor and sent to 76 Soup the Ultimate Comfort Food email: [email protected] or The AIA, PO Box 47819, London NW11 7WD Editorial Team: Ruth Saunders (editor), Linda Diamond, Grace Reginiano Cover: The Jewish & Arab Women’s March for Peace Design by WEARECAPRI.com Chairman’s message

In 1917 the leaders of the British Labour movement supported the Balfour declaration. Interestingly, both Balfour and Churchill, who in 1922 supported Balfour, had been schooled in Irish politics, that is ethno religious national sectarianism involving rights on both sides. But choices have to be made.

The Balfour Declaration saved hundreds of thousands of Jewish lives. This is why we celebrate it this year.

ASSISTING BY DONATING But we do not celebrate it in any spirit of complacency. We know that however successful Israel is, it has many enemies. TO WELLBEING AND We also know that antisemitism is on the march again, as is a glib PREVENTATIVE MEDICINE CAUSES moralism which does not seek to understand life in a tough neighbourhood where the choices are often between the lesser of two evils.

The work of this Association is more important than ever because it WISH THIS FUNCTION keeps a focus on the civilised arts and sciences which link Israel to the U.K. SUCCESS At a time when anti-Jewish feeling is evident in the most surprising FOR NOW AND IN THE FUTURE places in the UK, we have to maintain the traditions of the AIA. This is above all a moderate but firm insistence on the vital importance of a warm UK-Israel friendship. But in the struggle which lies ahead we cannot afford to take anything for granted.

We need your help.

Lord Bew Chairman of the Executive Committee

5 an expression of support – the Government looking with during the second world war changed Jewish attitudes favour on a Jewish homeland – sent in a letter to Lord towards Britain from gratitude to hostility as they saw the Rothschild. And it could easily have got lost at any time. escape route for the Jews being clanged shut. It was only in 1920 at San Remo and two years later in And after the war, when boat loads of refugees were Geneva when the League of Nations, gave the Mandate callously turned away, hatred of the British by the Jews for Palestine to Britain and furthermore Mandated it to of Palestine reached a climax in acts of violence and provide the Jewish home there. And all 51 Nations voted terrorism. Despite reaching a nadir in Anglo-British for it, with none against. relations in the 1940s it remains the case that Israel owes an enormous debt to Britain for what it offered them The League of Nations spoke of a Jewish Nation for the earlier, in 1917, in 1920 and 1922. first time and of ‘reconstituting’ it in Palestine. Balfour had only spoken of ‘establishing‘ it, yet here it wrote of And Britain too has a lot to be grateful for. It should ‘reconstituting’ its ancient rights. celebrate the fact that Britain provided the foundations of a democratic State in a part of the world where democracy It was this basis, in International law, that gave legitimacy is in very short supply. to the Zionists claim to a Palestinian home; and it was this agreement that was accepted in full by the UN in 1947. I like to think that despite the problems that have to be overcome if we are to see a just and peaceful resolution of Balfour and his Prime Minister, Lloyd George had Israel’s differences with the Palestinians, Britain should continued to make their presence felt in San Remo and celebrate the fact that it was instrumental in providing the in Geneva; so I believe that Britain should be proud, not foundation of this democracy where religious and ethnic only for the Balfour Declaration but also for pursuing it differences are fully tolerated. The only Middle East State so assiduously in San Remo and at the League of Nations. where the number of Christians has risen, where gay And here’s the surprise. The wider Arab leadership were parades are a feature of life, where indeed the British at first very favourably disposed to the Jewish influx, Ambassador to Israel was able to mount a float in a recent BEYONDmodest though it was, into what they regarded as a small gay parade in Tel Aviv, where 17 members of the Knesset, neglected corner of Arabia. They had welcomed the Jews a supreme court judge, and many academics , doctors as their brethren, there was a written agreement between and professionals of all sorts are all Arab. To say nothing

BEYOND THE BEYOND BALFOUR DECLARATION Prince Faisal and Chaim Weizmann saying as much and of its leading place in science, technology and medicine, the daily newspaper in Mecca wrote of the two branches in the arts and in commerce. It is a country with which land being given by a Western of the Semitic family, Arab and Jew who understood each Britain shares intelligence on threats to security, and in Power, whose land it wasn’t theirs other. which trade links are increasingly important as we move to give, to someone else. It was only when the Grand Sharif Hussein and his son into the post-Brexit era. Seemingly incompatible aims that Prince Faisal in Mecca realized that they had been duped It is fascinating now that a hundred years ago it was a the wording of the Declaration tried by the British and French that all that sweetness and light British Government that opened a door for a Jewish to overcome by offering a home melted away. Hussein had been led to believe that if he homeland in Palestine, and now, a century later, after for the Jews with the proviso that and his tribes revolted against the Turks he would be years of conflict with the Arab world at large, we are nothing shall be done to prejudice rewarded with control of a vast kingdom in the whole of beginning to see the more pragmatic Arab States, Saudi the religious and civil rights of Arabia after the war. Arabia, Egypt, The Gulf States, beginning to recognize a the indigenous population. A But when they heard that their land had been carved up Jewish Israel. The Arab Peace Initiative is being offered hopelessly optimistic idea and, at by the French and British in their Mandates they knew providing there is a meaningful peace between the Israelis the time little thought was given they had been cheated. First the Sykes-Picot agreement and Palestinians. to how one group, the Jews, were and then at San Remo and the League of Nations, the The enormous advantages of a peace deal to both of them supposed to protect the rights of Allies agreed that they could not trust the Arabs to rule and to the wider Arab world are there for all to see. Mr. another group, the Arabs, who themselves in such a strategically important part of Abbas has to be able to bring himself to recognize what were immediately trying to kill the world. They remembered that many Arab tribes in Balfour was aiming at; a Jewish State in Palestine; and ARTHUR BALFOUR would have despaired to know them off. Palestine had sided with the Turks against them during Mr. Netanyahu has to stop the further encroachment in that 100 years after the British Government’s Declaration And it wasn’t just Balfour alone of course; he had the full the war. But it was the characteristic British attitude the Palestinians’ land in the West Bank. bearing his name that the Arabs and Jews had still not that they knew how to rule over “peoples not yet ready support of Lloyd George’s war-time Cabinet; a remarkable Will it happen soon? Don’t hold your breath but the fact THEsettled their differences over who has the rights to what to stand by themselves under the strenuous conditions of phenomenon given that in 1917 the Brits were bogged that we now have a range of Arab countries keen to see he described as a ‘small notch of land’ that the Arabs the modern world” that justified their actions. down in a war in Europe that was going badly wrong. it happen must be a positive sign, Will it require new and could not possibly begrudge given their vast Arabian They obviously thought it was important enough to Only then did Hussein and his son realize what had braver leaders on both sides? I fear it will. Middle East. happened and only then did they begin to see the Jewish produce the Declaration. Is it worth all the effort? Absolutely. And there remains considerable controversy both about influx as just another symbol of Western colonization; just the Declaration itself and about its significance. There It is sometimes said that the Declaration was a purely another sign of British perfidy and they turned against the Meanwhile Britain should be celebrating the critical role are still those who believe that it was the biggest error of British affair but that would fly in the face of the evidence. Jews. it played in the creation of a stable democratic state in a Despite their history of anti-Semitism the French Middle East that now more than ever needs one. It is in judgement that a world power could make, while there are And it was after that, that there was a change in British had already given written approval for a Jewish home that light that the Prime Minister’s rejection of Palestinian many others who believe it was the most magnanimous Government attitudes. In the 1930’s and ‘40’s severe in Palestine, as had the Italians, the Americans, the demands that Britain should apologise for Balfour’s gesture by an Imperial Nation for an oppressed people. restrictions were placed on Jewish immigration to try to Japanese and even the Pope was favourably disposed. So Declaration and her statement that, instead, it will mark The Zionists see Palestine as the biblical homeland of placate the Arabs. The notorious 1939 ‘White Paper’ shut it wasn’t simply Britain and Balfour alone. it with pride, comes at an important time. the Jews who had been repeatedly driven out, always the door on immigration at just the time when the Jews returning and always yearning for it in their daily prayers. But it was not a legal document in any way, it was not a needed it most. The devastating consequences for them While the Palestinians see what they believed was their Treaty and had no status in International law. It was simply as they were herded into the European gas chambers by BALFOURLord Turnberg 7 Beverley-Jane Stewart Paints ‘Balfour Accomplished ’ marking historic he Painting will be the Letter, which is handed in person by Safed, Caesarea, kibbutz farming, centre-piece at an event Arthur Balfour to Lord Rothschild. the Weizmann Institute and the dedicated to the Balfour But the story of the Balfour Hall of Independence. Combined 100 year Anniversary of at this year’s Jerusalem Declaration begins at the top left into a collage of modern buildings Biennale with the Victorian British troops are Banks, shopping malls, high T defending the Suez Canal. During tech parks, scientific institutions, the Declaration. Balfour Accomplished is the latest WW1 the Turks joined the Germans gas wells, universities, museums, original artwork by the Award- and attacked the British, bloody and agricultural farming, winning artist, Beverley-Jane scenes from the Great War with demonstrating some of the Stewart. explosions from heavy iron cannons contributions Israel has made are also entwined with a portrait of within the world. Contrasting with Recognised for her exploration into Weizmann and him working in his Israel’s achievements the pinnacle the relationship between Jewish Edwardian laboratory. Weizmann point of the star is ‘ Yad Vashem’ and British cultures; Stewart’s discovered the use of acetone, a vital , Museum of Remembrance, a large scale oil on canvas features chemical used in the manufacturing historical reminder of Jewish imagery from the past and present, of gunpowder, which became an oppression. to commemorate this year’s 100 important asset in the battlefield. year Anniversary of the Balfour The scientist believed the Jews The central focus of the ‘Star of Declaration. should have a national home in David’ is the celebration of the their biblical roots and was able to joyous Jewish festival of Sukkot In Balfour Accomplished, Stewart persuade Balfour the importance of (The Tabernacle), which takes place has created a multi-faceted his vision. The British Government on a roof terrace overlooking the thought-provoking piece, depicting indebted to Weizmann helped to Kotel Wall, which is a component a period of complexity and diversity. instigate The Balfour Declaration. of The Temple Mount (the holiest Featuring imagery from a time place for Jewish prayer, as this of turbulence and change, her The British won the war and the lime stone wall was part of the painting tells the story of a unique defeated Turkish Ottoman Empire second Jewish temple constructed period of history to illustrate the who were in control of Palestine in 516BCE - 70 CE). Men in prayer cementing and stabilising of a lost which now became part of the shawls hold an Etrog (citrus fruit) nation and the story of the Balfour British Mandate. and wave a Luluv (three branches Declaration connecting to modern of symbolic meaning), which is an Israel and the Jewish destiny. The bricks of Big Ben and the ancient practice from the time of the Elizabeth Tower transforms into temple. The theme, of the old stone On either side of the work two the walls of Jerusalem showing walls, is repeated throughout the forces are at play. The left marks the General Allenby’s arrival at the picture, and join with the original history of the British in the Middle old city, first by horseback and temple which was destroyed by the East and their gaining access to then through the Jerusalem Jaffa Romans, provoking the Jews to be a Palestine. While the right illustrates Gate by foot. Acting as a beacon scattered nation. the historical global persecution of of light at a time of immense Jews, the urgency for a homeland doom, Big Ben, as part of the At the base the Israeli flag combines to survive, explaining the need for British Parliament, becomes the with the Houses of Parliament and wanting to return to their religious supporting pole for the Israeli flag. the Union Jack weaving Jewish origins. Telling the story of modern Israel history with the momentous event different areas are embellished of the Balfour Declaration. Displaying at the base of the left on the six points of the ‘Star of margin is a copy of the Balfour David’; Tel Aviv, Haifa, Jerusalem,

9 PROFESSOR EMERITUS THE UNBRIDGEABLE OF MIDDLE EASTERN NARRATIVES AND THEIR HISTORY AT TEL AVIV POLITICAL UNIVERSITY AND IMPACT SENIOR FELLOW OF THE The intensity and duration of the Palestinian- MOSHE DAYAN CENTER Israeli conflict have created a profound FOR MIDDLE EASTERN sense of hostility and mistrust on both sides, exacerbated further by perceptions STUDIES of historical victimhood and righteousness that both Israelis and Palestinians believe IN OUTLINING THE with great passion. OBSTACLES TO THE An unbridgeable abyss separates the ACHIEVEMENT OF A Arab Palestinian and Zionist historical ASHER SUSSER narratives. Zionism, in the widely held TWO-STATE SOLUTION Jewish perspective, is a heroic project of Professor Susser provided this BETWEEN ISRAEL AND national revival and restored dignity and evidence to the Foreign Affairs self-respect. Jewish national liberation, Select Committee of the House of THE PALESTINIANS THE statehood and sovereignty are the epitome Commons on behalf of the AIA. FOLLOWING COULD BE of defiance and self-defense against the horrific historical fate of the Jewish people. LISTED AS THE MOST Israel’s foundation in 1948, therefore, was PROMINENT: an achievement of historical justice for the most oppressed of all peoples. The Jewish people, in their greatest victory in 2000 • THE UNBRIDGEABLE years, had literally risen from the ashes of horrendous destruction to victory and NARRATIVES AND THEIR political independence within just three POLITICAL IMPACT years, as described in the Israeli narrative as the revolutionary transition “from Shoah to revival” (in Hebrew: mi-Shoah le-tequma). • THE DIVERGENT CONTOURS OF THE For the Palestinians the complete opposite is true. The narratives do not just differ. ARAB-ISRAELI AND THE They are absolutely and irreconcilably PALESTINIAN-ISRAELI opposed to one another. Zionism, in the Palestinian view, is not about self-defense CONFLICTS or justice. It is all about net aggression from the first Jewish settlement in Palestine, but THE FAILURE OF CAMP especially as of the 1917 Balfour Declaration • and the British Mandate established after DAVID (2000) AND ITS World War I, against the wishes of the LASTING EFFECT local Arab population. The memory of the Palestinian Nakba or catastrophic defeat at the hands of the Israelis in 1948, the • THE REFUGEE loss of their homeland, their dispersal and refugeedom are at the core of the Palestinian CONUNDRUM collective identity and their self-perception of victimhood. This is the Palestinian formative collective experience and the • THE MUTUALLY very essence of Palestinian-ness. Aptly INTRUSIVE put by the American-Palestinian historian, Beshara Doumani: The “shared memories PERCEPTIONS OF TWO of the traumatic uprooting of their society STATES and the experiences of being dispossessed, displaced, and stateless” were to “come to define ‘Palestinian-ness.’” THE OBSTACLES TO TO THE OBSTACLES THE ACHIEVEMENT OF A TWO-STATE SOLUTION

11 Palestinian-ness carries within it a profound the Arab states that border on Israel, ever The Oslo Accords were based specifically The negotiations between Israel and the sense of historical injustice into which since 1967, have made demands on Israel on Resolution 242. What one could call “the Palestinians that began in July 2000 at Camp the Palestinian people were born. For the that relate solely to the “1967 file”, that is, to Oslo dynamic” seemed to be narrowing David and continued at various venues ended Palestinians, therefore, the independence Israel’s territorial expansion in 1967 and not the Palestinian issue down to the 1967 in January 2001 at Taba in Egypt. Despite the of Israelis is their disaster, in Arabic:“yawm to Israel’s existence, as of 1948. dimensions of the West Bank and Gaza. The second Intifada that raged in the West Bank istiqlaliqum yawm nakbatina.”The Palestinian Authority (PA) established under and Gaza from the end of September 2000 Palestinians yearn to turn the clock of The Palestinian-Israeli dimension of the the auspices of the Oslo Accords essentially the Israelis and the Palestinians continued history back and reverse the consequences conflict is very different. Here there are inherited the PLO. The PLO continued to to negotiate, but agreement remained of Israel’s creation in 1948 and its expansion clearly two sets of issues: the 1967 file, exist formally as the supreme Palestinian elusive. There was progress on some issues in 1967. Israelis, therefore, live in a world which includes matters relating to the 1967 political authority, but in fact it became and profound disagreement on others. of perpetual uncertainty concerning long Israeli occupation of the West Bank and an empty shell. The PA had two important On territory Israel started with an offer to term Arab objectives. Do the Arabs intend Gaza, such as settlements, borders and elected institutions, the Presidency and the withdraw from some 80 percent of the West to put an end to Israel’s occupation of Arab Jerusalem. Then there is the 1948 file in Legislative Assembly. Both of these were Bank and Gaza which was increased by the territories in the war of 1967, or do they still which there are two critical questions raised elected solely by the people of the West last round of the negotiations to over 90 really aspire to put an end to Israel? by the Palestinians, both of which go beyond Bank and Gaza, and thus, as opposed to percent, with land swaps to compensate for the 1967 occupation. Moreover, these the PLO, that represented all Palestinians some of the rest. Israelis are not sure of Arab intensions questions relate to the very existential core everywhere, in Palestine and in the diaspora, and are forever preoccupied with security, of Israel’s being as the nation state of the the PA only represented the people of On Jerusalem the parties agreed in principle checkpoints, fences, “iron domes” and Jewish people. One is the issue of the “right the West Bank and Gaza. The limited to divide the city on an ethnic basis, which occupation and even a nuclear option. of return” of the 1948 refugees and their representation institutionalized the process meant that Jewish residential areas, For the Arabs this only means more descendants to their original homes that are whereby the question of Palestine was being including those established after 1967, Israeli aggressive hegemonic design that now situated in what has become Israel. The reduced to the two-state dimensions of the would remain part of Israel’s capital. Arab provokes Arab distrust of Israeli intentions other is the rejection of Israel’s definition as West Bank and Gaza, placing the issue of residential areas would become part of the and discourages any serious thought or the nation state of the Jewish people, which the diaspora and refugee return very much future capital of Palestine. Deep differences discussion of genuine reconciliation or many of Israel’s Palestinian citizens strongly on the political backburner, or at least so it remained on the issue of sovereignty normalization. The Palestinians argue resent as exclusionary, denying them full seemed from the Israeli perspective. over Temple Mount/al-Haram al-Sharif. that Israeli security requirements in the equality. Both of these positions are seen by The Palestinians demanded that the area West Bank are actually part of an inbred most Israeli Jews as designed to undermine Moreover, it was on the basis of this be solely under Palestinian sovereignty, occupation mentality of the Israelis, rather their national ethos and their inherent right understanding that the Israelis sought a a demand that Israel would not accept, than a real defensive need. The Arab to self-determination in a state of their formal trade-off to end the conflict. Israel considering that Temple Mount was the most unwillingness to normalize with Israel, own, the raison d’etre of over a century of would make what it believed were generous important of holy sites to the Jewish people. in turn, only serves to reinforce Israeli struggle since the beginnings of the Zionist concessions on territory, settlements and Various formulae for sharing sovereignty insecurity, and thus the security/hegemony movement in the late 19th century. Jerusalem, the key components of the were not accepted by the parties either. On vicious circle of mistrust is perpetually set 1967 file, in exchange for the closure of the the question of the Palestinian refugees’ in place. From the Palestinian point of view SC 1948 file. This meant that the Palestinians “right of return” no real progress was made Resolution 242 of November 1967 was would rescind their demand for refugee at all throughout the negotiations. inherently deficient. The Palestinians return to Israel proper, and instead would and Palestine are not mentioned in the have refugees return to the future state of At the root of the discord were the resolution. The resolution was intended different points of departure of the parties THE DIVERGENT CONTOURS OF Palestine, or resettled in third countries. as a basis for negotiations between Israel However, this trade-off never materialized. concerned, as clearly reflected in the THE ARAB-ISRAELI AND THE and the Arab states from which Israel had The Camp David summit convened by US divergent perceptions of the territorial PALESTINIAN-ISRAELI CONFLICTS occupied territory in the war of June that President Clinton in the summer of 2000, to issue. Israel proposed what it believed to year. The Palestinians, not yet recognized achieve an agreement on this basis, ended be a generous compromise, offering more as autonomous players in the conflict, The conflicts between Israel and the in failure. than any government had done before. The were not even referred to in the rather Arab states and between Israel and the rejection of the offer by the Palestinians minimalistic reference to a just resolution of Palestinians differ in their fundamentals. In as insufficient was seen by the Israelis as the refugee question. Indeed the resolution the conflict with the Arab states the issues a rigid “all or nothing approach.” But the was designed to deal with the 1967 file THE FAILURE OF CAMP DAVID (2000) on the table relate to the conquests made by Palestinians argued that Israel already as part of the interstate conflict between Israel in 1967. On the basis of UN Security AND ITS LASTING EFFECT possessed 78 percent of historical Palestine, Israel and the neighboring Arab states, Council Resolution 242 from November that is, post-1948 Israel. All that was being whereby the Palestinian dimension was 1967 the Arab states that had lost territory in negotiated now were the mere 22 percent to be dealt with in Israel’s negotiations the war with Israel - Egypt, Syria and Jordan that remained, and on that, the Palestinians with Jordan. Resolution 242 was not about - were entitled to retrieve their territory in contended, they would not and could not 1948. It therefore took many years for the exchange for peace with Israel, that is, the compromise. For the Israelis the starting PLO to accept the resolution and it never “land for peace” formula. Indeed, Egypt and point of the negotiation was in 1967, but for really did so fully and unequivocally. The Jordan (after the kingdom disengaged from the Palestinians it was in 1948. resolution was eventually accepted by the the West Bank in 1988) made their peace Palestine National Council, the PLO’s quasi- Israel’s demand for finality on the basis with Israel on that basis and Israel and Syria parliamentary body, only in 1988, and even of the 1967 issues was fundamentally were very close to doing the same in the then the acceptance had various caveats unacceptable to the Palestinians, and as mid-1990s. Both in theory and in practice and reservations. apparent as this was on territorial matters

13 it was all the more so on the refugee possible settlement between Israel and the In the summer of 2006, leading Palestinian Palestinian refugee problem.” This was question. The issue of Palestinian refugee Palestinians, his proposal on the refugees figures, who were imprisoned at the time in to be “in accordance with UN Resolution return is governed by UN General Assembly demonstrated a clear preference for refugee Israeli jails, representing Fatah, Hamas and 194 of 1948, while rejecting all forms of Resolution 194 of December 1948. As return to the future state of Palestine rather other key factions drew up the “Document resettlement (tawtin)…” On the one hand, for the Palestinians, the resolution is than to Israel proper. It was that part of of National Reconciliation” (in Arabic: the suggestion of an “agreed solution” was interpreted as confirming the unequivocal the parameters that was most scathingly wathiqat al-wifaq al-watani), commonly conciliatory towards Israel, but on the other, and absolute right of the refugees to return criticized by the Palestinian leadership, known as “The Prisoners Document.”It the rejection of “all forms of resettlement” to their original homes and properties. focusing their complaint especially on the reiterated the inalienable “right of return” left return to Israel proper as the only Israel has never interpreted the resolution denial of Palestinian freedom of choice in as enshrined in Resolution 194 and urged option, and that could hardly be the basis as conferring such an absolute “right of this regard. the international community to implement for an agreement with Israel. return” and demands that it reserve its own the resolution that called for refugee “return sovereign right to determine who does or For the Israelis the right of refugee return and compensation.” It is important to note There can be no question as to the salience does not enter its territory. was seen as a form of subversion of the very the emphasis not on return or compensation and preeminence of the “right of return” raison d’etre of Israel as the nation state of but on return and compensation, even in the Palestinian national narrative Essentially Israel seeks to include or contain the Jewish people. As relations between the though Resolution 194 specifically speaks and current discourse. The consequent the refugee question and Resolution 194 Jewish majority and the Palestinian Arab of compensation only for “those choosing difficulty for the Palestinian leadership to within the framework of Resolution 242, that minority in Israel deteriorated, especially not to return.” formally concede on this issue is seemingly is, within the territorial limits of the West following the unprecedented riots in various insurmountable. At the same time, however, Bank and Gaza, or the 1967 file. According parts of the country in solidarity with the The Political Program of the Hamas-led serious scholarly research also shows that to Israeli logic, refugee return ought to Second Intifada in October 2000, the idea National Unity Government established there is a perceptible gap between positions be to the future state of Palestine and not of anything more than a symbolic return of in March 2007 similarly emphasized the of principle and how the refugees actually to Israel. But for the Palestinians refugee refugees became ever more unacceptable centrality of the “right of return” of the relate to the matter in practical terms. return according to resolution 194 had to be to the great majority of Israelis. refugees “to their land and property that added to resolution 242 and not contained they had left [that is, to nowhere except Amongst the refugees there is a discernible within it, which meant refugee return to Israel proper] and for their [receipt of] conflict of interest between “nationalist Israel proper and not to the West Bank and compensation.” The statement also made orthodoxies” and “local material Gaza. After all, the Palestinians argued, the THE REFUGEE CONUNDRUM a reference to the need for any agreement concerns.”While there is a genuine refugees did not originally come from the reached by the PLO with Israel to be brought rhetorical, emotional and ideological West Bank and Gaza but from Israel proper. Israel, as already noted, sought finality or before the entire Palestinian people “inside commitment to the “right of return” by The refugee question could not therefore be “end of conflict” on the basis of a solution and outside [of Palestine]” for approval, Palestinians generally speaking and by the subsumed in the 1967 file. It belonged in the to the 1967 questions. But by demanding thereby further reasserting the centrality refugees in particular, the passage of time, 1948 file and had to be treated accordingly. a formal “end of conflict” the Israelis had of the Diaspora constituency, in contrast to the passing of the Nakba generation and the contributed inadvertently to the resurfacing the earlier Oslo dynamic that focused on the simple exigencies of daily life have all taken This did not mean that the Palestinians of the 1948 questions and to the introduction West Bank and Gaza. their toll on ideological commitments. Some realistically expected or demanded that of the core historical narratives of the parties scholarly work has shown that the “extremity millions of refugees inundate Israel. But into the heart of the negotiating process. One The above documents were resolutions of circumstances” forces the refugees to obtain some sense of justice, they could hardly negotiate “the end of conflict” based on intra-Palestinian agreement that “to adjust their aspirations and renounce contended, there had to be an element without finding a satisfactory solution for included Hamas. But even Fatah, when left certain closely held beliefs.”Many other of refugee return to Israel proper. The its beginning, and for the Palestinians that on its own was no different on this matter. In scholars have tended to avoid the question number, to be agreed, also had to be large could not mean anything other than 1948, August 2009 Fatah held its sixth conference of what it meant for the generations born in enough to allow the Palestinian refugees a the Nakba, displacement and return. The and the political program of the conference exile “to return to a place they never left.”In real freedom of choice. The Israelis, so the Israelis finally understood that that there was similarly emphatic about “return reality there was a “growing gap between the Palestinians argued, were solely responsible was no simple trade-off of 1948 for 1967. and compensation” and the rejection of maximalist positions… and the pragmatism for the creation of the refugee problem in Finality would have to mean satisfaction resettlement (in Arabic: tawtin) as a possible of refugees, who often distinguish between the first place and it could not therefore for the Palestinians not only on the 1967 alternative to return. Moreover, the program a symbolic recognition of the right of return be the Israelis to decide who would return. questions, but also on some significant stressed the need to maintain the ties of the and its actual implementation.” Israel had to recognize the principle of the element of 1948. national movement with the Diaspora and “right of return” and accept individual free the Palestinians in “the lands of 1948” [that Palestinian choice on the implementation of Indeed 1948 and refugee return was very is, Israel], thereby presenting a nationalist this right. Israel never accepted that it was much on the Palestinian agenda, as a vision that went far beyond the West Bank solely responsible for the refugee problem matter of principle. If it appeared initially and Gaza. that resulted from a war that the Arabs that the Oslo dynamic was shifting the 1948 had initiated, with the declared intention questions onto the diplomatic backburner, Even the Arab Peace Initiative (API) of March of destroying the newborn Jewish state. after the collapse of Camp David that was 2002, as reaffirmed by the Arab League Not solely responsible for the problem, the no longer true. The Oslo dynamic was Summit in March 2007, had a problematic Israelis would not accept sole responsibility gradually but consistently being reversed reference to the refugee question from the for its solution either. as 1948 regained increasing prominence Israeli point of view. The Summit reaffirmed in the Palestinian national discourse. This its commitment to comprehensive peace In the “Clinton parameters” of December was evident in various key Palestinian with Israel based on a withdrawal to the 2000, in which the US president summed documents that have been formulated and 1967 borders, as well as its commitment up his understanding of the contours of a published in recent years. to “a just and agreed solution to the

15 Two states, therefore, as a neat division and ever do so, any more than the Zionists would were leaked eventually to the media by The clear act of finality was not acceptable to recognize that Eretz Yisrael was historically Guardian/al-Jazeera revelations in early the Palestinians without some element of Arab. Another reason for the Palestinian 2011 they were widely condemned amongst correction of the historical injustice they rejection of the Israeli demand was related Palestinians as a sell-out. They were then saw in the partition itself, thus the continued to the Palestinian Arab minority in Israel. The hurriedly and emphatically denied by the demand for some measure of refugee return Palestinians believed that if they recognized Palestinian negotiators who claimed that to Israel proper. The Palestinian intrusion Israel as Jewish they might be undermining no ceiling on refugee return had really been into Israel with refugees is for the Israelis a the civil rights of their Palestinian brethren, discussed. defiance of the basic logic of two states. For who were citizens of Israel, by playing into Israel, acquiescence in a Palestinian state the hands of some on the far right in Israel, If the Palestinian perception of statehood was at least partly due to the expectation who actively sought to disenfranchise the intruded into Israel through refugee return, that the future state of Palestine would Arab minority. the Israeli intrusion into the prospective be the home of the refugees who sought state of Palestine came through a variety return. It made no sense to the Israelis for Another issue where historical narratives, of security arrangements that the Israelis a Palestinian state to be established, and rights and heritage impeded the deemed to be vital. If a formal “end of Even so, it is extremely unlikely that the then for the Palestinian refugees to return negotiations and eroded mutual trust conflict” agreement remained elusive the Israelis will be persuaded, on an issue to Israel rather than to Palestine. was the fate of Temple Mount / Haram al- Israelis could never rid themselves entirely that they regard as existential, to accept Sharif in Jerusalem. For the Muslims it of the apprehension that the West Bank any formula that rests on guesswork on But, as the Palestinians from Mahmud was the third holiest place to Islam after might be transformed into an aggressive the probabilities of actual refugee return. Abbas down would explain, the 1948 Mecca and Medina, and the place from platform for future attack against Israel. They would rather depend on their decision refugees all originally came from places whence Muhammad the Prophet ascended Israel therefore demanded not only and their complete control of the entry of that had become part of Israel. None of them to heaven. For the Jews it was the holiest that Palestine be demilitarized or non- refugees to Israel proper in the framework were from the West Bank and Gaza. Indeed of holy places, the site of the remains of militarized, a demand the Palestinians of a future agreement. many of them presently lived in camps in the destroyed Second Temple. The Israelis were willing to discuss, but also that Israeli the occupied territories. It made no sense would not accept that the Mount be placed forces maintain certain security zones in THE MUTUALLY INTRUSIVE to them to speak of “return” to where they entirely under Muslim sovereignty, and the Palestinian state, especially along the PERCEPTIONS OF TWO STATES already were or to places from which they the Palestinians would accept no less. The Jordan Valley, that Israel remain in control had not come originally. As already noted, Israelis demanded control and access to of the West Bank’s air space as well as the the Palestinian discourse of recent years of the underground archaeological remains of border crossings from Jordan. It was against Both the Israelis and the Palestinians Fatah and Hamas alike has flatly rejected the Second Temple, which the Palestinians these demands that the Palestinians lodged accept the principle of two states for the two any form of refugee resettlement (tawtin) feared would be exploited by Israel to their complaint about Israel’s “occupation peoples. In practice, however, the respective as part of the solution. Even in the unofficial undermine the foundations of the Muslim mentality.” positions that the players actually hold on Geneva accords between moderate Israelis holy places above ground. The Israelis, the two-state solution are incompatible. and Palestinians achieved in 2003, there for their part, suspected that if the Jews Their perceptions of statehood conflict with was no mutually acceptable resolution of were denied access and control of the the complete sovereignty of the neighboring this refugee conundrum. archaeological resources the Muslims CONCLUSION state, as their respective conceptions of would gradually remove every remnant statehood protrude into the territory of their Israel has countered with demands both of the Jewish past from Temple Mount. Discordant historical narratives are at next-door neighbors. on narrative and security. In the narrative Agreement on Temple Mount, like on the root of profound and mutual Israeli- domain Israel has demanded, in various The PLO accepted partition and the two- refugees, remained elusive as narrative, Palestinian mistrust. The profound formulations, since shortly after the failure state idea a quarter of a century ago in history and heritage were increasingly underlying mistrust between the parties of the Camp David negotiations that the 1988, in its Declaration of Independence. dragged into the negotiation. gave birth to the governing principle of their Palestinians recognize Israel as the nation But this acceptance of partition was rather negotiations that “nothing was agreed until state of the Jewish people. Realizing that The last round of serious Israeli-Palestinian convoluted and anything but whole-hearted. everything was agreed.”Both Israelis and there could not be a simple trade-off negotiations took place between Prime According to the declaration, the partition Palestinians favored this principle, albeit for between the 1967 and the 1948 questions, Minister Ehud Olmert and President resolution of 1947 “despite the historical conflicting reasons. The Palestinians were the Israelis sought a cast-iron barrier Mahmud Abbas in late 2007 and during injustice” inherent in it, “resulting in driven by the fear of an interim arrangement, between the two in the form of a Palestinian 2008. Significantly progress was made on the dispersal [of the Palestinian people] in which only some issues would be agreed. declaration that would essentially mean the territorial issues of 1967 but not on the and depriving them of their right to self- Their concern was that such an arrangement that refugees would not return to Israel. 1948 questions. If anything, positions on determination,”did nevertheless provide would allow the Israelis to indefinitely refugees were hardening and being driven international legitimacy for Palestinian postpone negotiations of the outstanding For the Palestinians such a declaration further apart. On refugees Olmert proposed “sovereignty and national independence.” issues, leaving the Palestinians stranded in was tantamount to an abandonment of the that 5000 refugees be allowed to return to It is especially worthy of note that partition a temporary arrangement, which in practice fundamentals of their historical narrative. Israel over five years, that is, 1000 a year for does not satisfy Palestinian rights to self- would become final, without ever satisfying Recognizing Israel as the nation state five years. In the negotiations, behind closed determination, but only to sovereignty and their national agenda. of the Jews could be construed to mean doors, the Palestinians suggested that 100 independence. Self-determination in PLO Palestinian acceptance of the fact that most, thousand refugees (ten thousand a year for If the Palestinians feared that “interim” parlance is equated solely with statehood in or all, of Palestine was indeed historically ten years) or 150 thousand (15 thousand a would become “final,” the Israelis feared all of Palestine and partition is described as Jewish. Needless to say, the Palestinian year for ten years) be allowed to enter Israel, that “final” might become “interim.” The a denial of this right, according to the text of leadership across the board refused. It was that is, 20 to 30 times more than Olmert’s Israelis were concerned about giving away this very same declaration. most unlikely that the Palestinians would suggestion. However, when these numbers territorial assets for nothing tangible in

17 (II) THE VIABILITY FIVE: Satisfy Israel’s security needs and bring a full end, ultimately, to the occupation. AND POTENTIAL OPPORTUNITIES OF A SIX: End the conflict and all outstanding TWO-STATE SOLUTION claims. In the meantime it remains essential to As difficult as it may be to attain a lasting preserve the viability of the two-state idea agreement, there is no solution more viable by both parties, even if an agreement is than the two-state solution. There is no one- not presently attainable. In the main that state “solution.” The notion that after over means the abstinence from actions that a century of conflict and bloodshed, when erode the viability of two states, such as new return. They were troubled by the thought Israelis and Palestinians are still incapable settlement activity by the Israelis or activity that the Palestinians would “pocket” of achieving a negotiated settlement they by the Palestinians in the international arena with Jordan in the form of a possible Israeli concessions without really ending should be thrust together into the boiling designed to delegitimize Israel. On the other confederation between Palestine and Jordan the conflict, and that the territories Israel pot of one state is illogical to say the least. hand, both Israel and the Palestinians could have been discussed for many years. For withdrew from would, just like Gaza, soon What Czechs and Slovaks, Croats, Serbs, separately engage in unilateral actions that reasons of history, geography, topography, become hostile bases of aggression or Bosnians and Slovenes could not achieve would be conducive to the maintenance of and demography (about half or more of subversion, converting a future “final” in Czechoslovakia or Yugoslavia would the two-state option. Israel could gradually Jordan’s population is of Palestinian origin) agreement into a temporary one used to hardly be more likely in the one state of redeploy its forces in the West Bank a Jordanian-Palestinian confederation undermine Israel rather than keep the Israel-Palestine. In the eyes of Israelis of allowing for greater Palestinian contiguity would make a great deal of sense, linking peace with it. the right, one state is to be one of Jewish and freedom of movement. The Palestinians Palestine to its Arab hinterland. This is Israeli domination by force of subdued could engage in the building of the an idea that has been supported in the Though it was not difficult to explain the Palestinians. As for one-state supporters institutions of their future statehood, while past by many if not most Jordanians and reasoning behind the rule that “nothing from the Palestinian side, one-state is no also making the added effort to enhancing Palestinians. was agreed until everything was agreed” more than a euphemism for the undoing security in the areas under their control, the principle had a debilitating effect on the of Israel as the nation state of the Jewish It must be emphasized, however, that the idea especially if and when the Israelis engage in of a Jordanian-Palestinian confederation negotiations. Since agreeing on everything people. One state is a formula for endless redeployment. was virtually impossible, the negotiators conflict, bloodshed and eventual civil war. should not be proposed for implementation were indeed left with nothing, unable to For a two state solution to be viable, the except after the establishment of the make any real progress on the ground until The Clinton Parameters (December 2000) future state of Palestine would have to independent state of Palestine. Proposing all issues had been finally agreed. And that and the Kerry Principles (December 2016) eventually consist of a contiguous West the idea beforehand would be seen by was not about to happen any time soon. outline the contours of what may become Bank territory that would include 90 + Palestinians as an illegitimate effort to an agreement between Israel and the percent of the West Bank, to which would sideline them by Jordanian premature Initial mistrust gave rise to principles of Palestinians on two states, if and when the be added land from Israel proper, a land intervention. Jordanians would be equally negotiation which unintentionally deepened parties finally realize that they do not really swap in exchange for the blocs of Jewish suspicious of what they would see as an mistrust even further. Mistrust also led to have better alternatives. settlement in the West Bank (the blocs are effort to drag them into the Palestinian the dragging of the historical narratives into about 7-8 percent of the West Bank) that malaise and to “dump” the Palestinians the negotiations especially by the Israelis Kerry’s speech included the following six on them against their own real wishes and principles: would be annexed to Israel. The West Bank seeking reassurance from the Palestinians would be linked by means of a safe passage interests. Furthermore, this is not an idea to be publicly proposed, and definitely not on the 1948 file. Israel’s demands for ONE: Provide for secure and recognized (a highway, and/or a tunnel or railway) that imposed, by outsiders. It is the business of declarations of finality or for recognition of international borders between Israel and a would traverse Israeli territory to the Gaza the Palestinians and the Jordanians to be Israel’s Jewishness were motivated by the viable and contiguous Palestine, negotiated Strip (the distance is only some 25 miles). freely negotiated by them alone, unless they fear of the Israelis that refugee return would on the basis of the 1967 lines, with mutually themselves seek otherwise. subvert Israel’s being as the nation state of agreed equivalent swaps. The viability of the future State of Palestine the Jews. But, however one may understand (the West Bank and the Gaza Strip) would be and appreciate the Israeli motivation for significantly enhanced by economic links to TWO: Fulfill the vision of the UN General these demands they could not possibly be Israel, Jordan and Egypt. Special relations Assembly Resolution 181 (1947) of two met by the Palestinians without the rewriting states for two peoples, one Jewish and one of their historical narrative. Dragging the Arab. narratives into the negotiation only made matters worse. Palestinian unwillingness to concede on narrative left key Israeli THREE: Provide for a just, agreed, fair, and demands unmet and only reinforced realistic solution to the Palestinian refugee Israeli reluctance to make concessions issue, consistent with two states for two of substance to the Palestinians. Mistrust peoples [i.e. no massive return to Israel]. begets more mistrust. The respective demands that go unmet add fuel to the fire, FOUR: Provide an agreed resolution for propelling a vicious cycle of disagreement Jerusalem as the internationally recognized and further mistrust, and so on and so forth. capital of the two states.

19 The recent Labour Party conference has been unsettling and very worrying for Jewish Labour party members and many others. We are including three articles that were published in the Guardian, The Daily Telegraph and the New York Times that reflect this concern. Perdita” — Jerusalem is destroyed. tains anti-Zionism. In some ac- the Labour Party’s slogan will go Hep! Hep! Hep! counts the Israelis drop out of a on reading, “For the many, not the clear blue sky in 1967 and occupy Jew.” When an avenging army takes to the West Bank; in others, Zion- the road there will be no check on ism is a recent ideology always Howard Jacobson, the author of the exhilaration of its righteous- contested within Jewish society “The Finkler Question” and, most ness and slaughter. Labour Party itself. What is elided is the 2,000- recently, “Pussy: A Novel,” is a delegates are hardly crusaders, year history of Jews returning to contributing opinion writer. but the whiff of blood lust rises the country from which they had The Phony Peace even from Brighton. been exiled, whether in response A version of this op-ed appears in to longings for a homeland, to pray print on October 7, 2017, in The In- To this Mr. Corbyn and those clos- where they had once prayed, or to ternational New York Times. est to him are tetchily indifferent. find a place of safety. Mr. Corbyn goes out of his way not Between the Labour to use the word “anti-Semitism,” In 1862, the socialist Moses Hess, and when he is forced into con- collaborator of Karl Marx, pub- demnation of it he invokes the plat- lished “Rome and Jerusalem,” an itude that Labour opposes all rac- argument for the Jews — since all The Phony Peace Between Party and Jews ism and discrimination. The “all” is other attempts to live free of per- the Labour Party and Jews important. Burying anti-Semitism secution had failed — to return to By HOWARD JACOBSON among offenses such as bullying that “inalienable ancestral home- OCT. 6, 2017 and sexual harassment is a dodge land” toward which they’d been di- — From to very few of the people charging ternity, oh, and anti-Semitism — to equalize things that are not recting their gaze for millenniums. LONDON September the party with anti-Semitism and was adopted. But condemnation of equal and in the process ensure “No modern people which strives 23 to 27, the Labour Party held its understood even fewer of their ar- Zionism was as febrile as ever and that anti-Semitism is rarely privi- for a fatherland of its own,” Hess annual conference in Brighton, En- guments. any Jew — particularly any Israeli leged with a mention of its own. continued, “can deny the Jew his, gland, believing it had the wind at Jew — willing to join in could count without committing moral suicide.” its back. She noted the “occasional toxic at- on a standing ovation. No man is There is method in this evasive- mosphere” in the party and recom- a prophet in his own land but an ness. To implicitly deny the exis- Zionism was thus, in a phrase of Labour’s leader, Jeremy Corbyn, mended cutting out analogies with anti-Zionist Israeli is a hero in this tence of anti-Semitism — as some Simon Schama’s, a long-gestat- was until recently disparaged by Hitler and the Nazis when discuss- one. continue to deny the Holocaust — ing movement for “regenerative doubters in his own party as yes- ing Israel. Not stop thinking Nazi, is to render it as a sick fantasy of transformation” — more spiritu- terday’s man, but is now revered by just stop saying it. And that more or If the arguments were old, the the Jews’ own making, a patholo- al than political, and not at all the them for the same reason — yes- less was that. In response to con- prospect of power lent them fresh gy whose function is to blunt the imperialist adventure that anti-Zi- terday being the nearest modern tinuing criticism by Jews, Mr. Cor- urgency. In a moment that will live edge of the anti-Zionist critique. onists accuse it of being. A grand Britain can get to tomorrow. And byn elevated Ms. Chakrabarti to the in infamy, the distinguished film That Jews invoke anti-Semitism ambition, bound to lose its shine so the songs rang out in Brighton, peerage. director Ken Loach defended ques- primarily to silence critics of Israel when it declined into the banal the banners flapped, and Labour tioning the Holocaust. “I think his- is a tired canard, but it continues to and sometimes cruel exigencies of marched ever backward to the At the Labour Conference just con- tory is for all of us to discuss,” he be pressed in to service. It serves a statehood, but can we hate a thing Shelley-inspired slogan “For the cluded there was no sign, as the said, dodging the question of why purpose: It libels the Jews as liars in retrospect because we don’t like many, not the few.” fringe moved ever closer to the the Labour Party should have cho- in the act of protesting innocence of what it became? And if we do hate centre, that even Ms. Chakrabar- sen the Holocaust, of all historical any such offense. And if anti-Sem- it, where is our understanding of But there is a fly in the ointment: ti’s modest advice as to Hitler and events — and not slavery, say — to itism is a chimera, then anti-Zion- the desperation that made it nec- anti-Semitism. How Labour the Nazis had been heeded. There subject to scrutiny. But we know ism, so often conflated with it, has essary? changed roles with the Conserva- were calls for some Jewish groups the answer to that. When the polit- nothing after all to apologize for. tives as the enemy of the Jews is a to be excluded from the party. A pa- ical temperature rises, extremism What needs to be insisted on is tale that cannot be told briefly, but per was handed out supporting the becomes an allowable indulgence. Desperate to win any sort of con- that Zionism — the idea not the like some of Mr. Corbyn’s closest claim by Ken Livingstone, the for- All things suddenly seem possible; cession from Labour, Jews have political events to which it has giv- advisers, it goes all the way back mer mayor of London, of collusion in the euphoria, there is nothing settled for a phony peace. You de- en rise — is integral to the Jewish to Stalin. between German Jews and Nazis. that daren’t be said. sist from overtly anti-Semitic dis- mind and imagination. Those who A motion to question the truth of course — invoking the malignancy say they are against Zionism but Cognizant of the criticism, though the Holocaust was proposed. George Eliot wrote an essay about of our appearance and ambitions — not Jews are speaking in riddles. never really believing it, Mr. Cor- the condition of Jews in the late and we will allow you your anti-Zi- It is not the Jew who needs to see byn staged his own inquiry a year By way of a sop to critics, a rule 19th century, titled “The Modern onism. But the deal is beginning to himself apart from anti-Zionism; ago. It was a brief and shoddy shuf- warning against such conduct as Hep! Hep! Hep!,” a reference to the unravel as it was always bound to. it is the anti-Zionist who needs to fling of superficies by Sharmishta might be deemed detrimental to cry of the Crusaders as they swept For the truth is you cannot keep the ask himself what feeds his fervour Chakrabarti, former director of the party — such as hostility to dis- through Europe annihilating every Jews out of Zionism. and whether, in his righteous rage, the human rights group Liberty. ability, gender reassignment, civil Jewish community in their path. he is committing what Moses Hess Ms. Chakrabarti’s inquiry spoke partnership, pregnancy and ma- Hep stood for “Hierosolyma Est A willful historical ignorance sus- called “moral suicide.” Until then

21 he good news is that Len, Ken and Ken all say they have experienced no anti-Semitism in the Labour party. Which must mean all is well. Surely only a pedant would point out that Ken Loach, Len McCluskey and Ken Livingstone are not Jewish – a fact that might limit their au- Tthority to speak on the matter. Indeed, they have been fixtures on the left for so long – Loach is 81, Livingstone is 72 and McCluskey is 67 – perhaps they should sit as a panel. They could be the three wise men who arbitrate on all allegations of bigotry within Labour’s ranks. Then, if they testify that they have experienced no sexism, racism, Islamophobia or homophobia inside the party, we will know those menaces are blissfully absent from the prej- “DISTINGUISHED MEN OF THE LEFT ECHO THE udice-free nirvana that is the Labour family.

More seriously, you would like to think that this trio, as long time leftists, would have enough self-knowledge to recog- nise that, when it comes to, say, bias against women, black or LGBT people, straight, white men might not be best placed to judge. Yet, oddly, no such self-restraint seems to apply when it comes to anti-Jewish racism. Those who are LANGUAGE OF HOLOCAUST DENIAL” not targeted suddenly feel fully entitled to tell those who are exactly what is – and what isn’t – prejudice against them.

Indeed, Len and Ken Loach go much further. They don’t just tell Jewish Labour supporters that they are mistaken to de- one of which has been part of the Labour movement for a tect anti-Semitism around them: they tell them they have century. Hardly a surprise that some Jewish activists, turned made it all up – and that they have done so for sinister, ne- away from the conference, describing an atmosphere that farious purposes. felt too hostile to endure.

“I believe it was mood music that was created by people who But no – for Len and the Kens and their allies, it’s all made were trying to undermine Jeremy Corbyn,” McCluskey told up. Perhaps they don’t realise that that itself is a tired an- BBC’s Newsnight. (Again, for an avowed progressive to de- ti-Jewish trope: that Jews invent stories of suffering to drive scribe an ethnic minority’s experience of racism as “mood a secret political agenda. Or, to put it more simply, that there music” is quite a break from the usual accepted practice.) is a Jewish conspiracy. It means that a man such as Ken Loach – an artist so sensi- Loach expressed his scepticism differently. “It’s funny these tive he is capable of making the film I, Daniel Blake – ends stories suddenly appeared when Jeremy Corbyn became up lending a spurious legitimacy to Holocaust denial. Asked leader, isn’t it?”, the filmmaker told the BBC’s Daily Politics. to react to a speaker at a Brighton fringe meeting who had But he was making the same point. said Labour supporters should feel free to debate any topic, including the veracity of the Holocaust – “did it happen or Meanwhile, Livingstone was on the radio cheerfully saying didn’t it happen”, as the BBC interviewer put it – Loach could that it was perfectly possible to say offensive things about not give a simple, unequivocal denunciation of Holocaust de- Jews without being anti-Jewish. He too has long argued that nial. “I think history is for all of us to discuss,” he said. this whole business is bogus and confected, and that Labour Remember, Loach had not been asked whether there should does not have any kind of anti-Semitism problem. be discussion of the meaning of the Nazi slaughter of the And yet the evidence was there in Brighton if you were will- Jews. He had been asked about the fact of it happening. And Labour’s denial of anti- ing to see it. There were the Labour party Marxists handing on that, he said there should be discussion – the same ap- Semitism in its ranks leaves out a paper that repeated Livingstone’s toxic claim of ideo- parently innocuous formulation routinely advanced by hard- the party in a dark place logical solidarity between the Nazis and those German Jews core Holocaust deniers. By Jonathan Freedland who sought a Jewish homeland. The Guardian When distinguished men of the left are echoing, even inad- September 27, 2017 There’s the testimony of John Cryer MP, who sits on Labour’s vertently, the language of Holocaust denial, when the lead- disputes panel. He says some of the anti-Jewish tweets and er of Britain’s biggest trade union is rehashing the age-old Facebook posts he has seen from Labour members are notion of a Jewish conspiracy, you know you have entered a “redolent of the 1930s”. dark place. It’s not impossible to navigate your way out. But first you have to admit that you’ve got badly lost. https://www.theguardian. com/commentisfree/2017/ There were loud calls for the expulsion of Jewish groups,

“DISTINGUISHED MEN OF THE LEFT ECHO DENIAL” OF HOLOCAUST LANGUAGE “DISTINGUISHED MEN OF THE LEFT ECHO DENIAL” OF HOLOCAUST LANGUAGE “DISTINGUISHED MEN OF THE LEFT ECHO DENIAL” OF HOLOCAUST LANGUAGE “DISTINGUISHED MEN OF THE LEFT ECHO DENIAL” OF HOLOCAUST LANGUAGE sep/27/labour-denial-an- tisemitism-party-dark-place 23 The failure to confront anti-Semitism within Labour amounts to institutional racism

By Vernon Bogdanor is Professor of Government, King’s College, London

eople call me a Zionist traitor, they say institutional racism as `The collective failure of If the rules did not provide for this, he should Anti-semitism, the German socialist, August I’m taking shekels, that I’m Mossad ….” an organisation to provide an appropriate and have ensured that they were rapidly altered. He Bebel declared at the beginning of the 20th PI’ve been called ‘a yid ….’ There have been professional service to people because of their could also have demanded criminal prosecution century was the socialism of fools. But Labour ‘over 25,000 incidents of racial abuse’. Are these colour, culture or ethnic origin. It can be seen or of the offenders under the race relations acts. MPs and the progressive intelligentsia are very headlines from a backward and faraway country detected in processes, attitudes and behaviour He has done none of these things. It is difficult far from being fools. Why has there been so where pogroms are still a reality? which amount to discrimination through unwitting to acquit the Labour leadership from the charge eerie a silence from them, with the honourable prejudice, ignorance, thoughtlessness and of institutional racism. That is in some ways exception of a few brave Labour MPs such No, reports from two Labour MPs in 2016. The racist stereotypes which disadvantage minority even more dangerous than explicit racism, since as John Mann and John Woodcock, since the first, Jess Phillips, MP for Birmingham Yardley, is ethnic people’. The essence of this definition is the latter is easier to identify and to confront, Chakrabarti report a year ago, which failed to a non-Jewish critic of Corbyn’s; the second, Ruth that racism is a matter not of intention but of while institutional racism, precisely because recognise institutional anti-semitism and was Smeeth, MP for Stoke on Trent North is Jewish, consequence. Sir William was suggesting that unacknowledged, is more difficult to combat. widely condemned as a whitewash. Indeed, by but has not spoken on Middle Eastern matters. So the police were institutionally racist. The police remaining in the Shadow Cabinet, and accepting her sin is not `Zionism’, it is being Jewish. replied that they could not be since they were Anyone inclined to make excuses for Corbyn collective responsibility, defenders of human opposed to all sorts of racism and had an anti- should ponder what their response would be if a rights such as Sir Keir Starmer, a former Director Britain has traditionally been the least anti- racist policy. Jeremy Corbyn says the same. female Conservative MP – declared that she had of Public Prosecutions and Lady Chakrabarti, semitic of countries. Indeed, anti-semitism has suffered 25,000 instances of racial abuse, that make themselves complicit in Labour’s failure to not been seen in our politics since the days of Jess Phillips has said that the misogynistic and she had complained to Theresa May about it, but provide `a safe space for British Jews’. It is high Oswald Mosley in the 1930s, and it turned him into anti-semitic abuse she has suffered has made that nothing had been done. The Left would be up time the Left faced up to its responsibilities in a political pariah. Mosley appealed primarily to Labour `a hostile living arrangement.’ There is, in arms about it. combating this poison in Labour’s bloodstream. the inadequate and ill-educated. Today, however, she added `definitely anti-Semitism and [Corbyn] The great danger otherwise, following the it seems more prevalent amongst those in higher But, of course, such a scenario would not occur needs to clamp down on it’. Ruth Smeeth has on entrenchment of the Corbyn leadership after the education, including Oxford, my old university. for two reasons. First, as this week’s events have `numerous occasions’ raised the issue of racism election, is that anti-semitism on the Left comes Last year, for example, Alex Chalmers, the non- shown, Theresa May is highly sensitive to issues `privately’ with Corbyn. For her, the `biggest to be accepted as normal and is legitimised. All Jewish chair of Oxford University Labour Club, involving race and ethnicity. She immediately and issue is that he knows it’s happening and that it’s that is necessary for evil to triumph is that good resigned from it because `a large proportion of correctly withdrew the whip from a Conservative still happening’. In consequence, so she believes, people do nothing. both OULC and the student left in Oxford more Labour is no longer `a safe space for British MP who had, unwittingly, one may suspect, used generally have some kind of problem with Jews’. Jews’. insulting language towards people of colour; and secondly, as Ruth Smeeth was gracious enough Of course no one believes that Jeremy Corbyn Jeremy Corbyn could have confronted the to admit, the Conservatives `would squish it or his close associates are anti-semitic. But that problem of anti-semitism amongst his Left-wing really quickly. They wouldn’t let it get in the way is beside the point. In the Stephen Lawrence supporters, apologised for it and ensured that of them running the country’. inquiry in 1999, Sir William Macpherson defined online anti-Semites were traced and expelled.

25 AIA Events

Cert Israel, cooperates commercially on tech hubs offensive cyber-operations, such as Stuxnet, as well as and commercial company developments as well as on subversion by social media. children’s digital education programmes. High confidence was expressed that APT 29 attacks were Nigel Inkster, director of Future Conflict and Cyber part of an influence campaign ordered by the Russian Security at the International Institute for Strategic President Putin in 2016 to cast doubt on US presidential Studies (IISS), noted that cyber-capabilities have contender Hillary Clinton’s authority if elected. Putin The 8th enhanced the “ambitions and capabilities of major had described the Panama papers disclosure and non-states and sub-state actors whose doctrines are Olympic doping scandal as efforts to discredit Russia offensive to us, few of whom are deterred by rule of law and this was seen as Russia’s response. and norms we are trying to develop.” AMBASSADORS’ Menny Barzilay, cofounder of 42 Cyber Security However, although we have seen progressive Professional Services, commented, “Vladimir Putin has militarisation of the cyber-domain, he adds, “In really good lawyers, because he has pitched his activity practice we don’t have a clear idea of what cyber- just below where the Tallinn Manual would [regard it as] warfare amounts to – from Cyber Armageddon to day- an intervention point as an act of war. But there are a lot to-day activities that signals intelligence agencies have of unfriendly acts, such as making a router not work, always engaged in against each other, well below an destructive or not; there is quite a lot a state can do.” armed attack as defined by the UN charter.” Professor Sir David Omand of the department of war studies, Kings College London, and former director AI and IOT of GCHQ, asked, “Are we talking about cyber-war or Guy Leibovitz, an Israeli entrepreneur, CEO and founder cyber-conflict… cyber espionage and subversion?” He of D-Day labs who has previously served in Israeli noted how a malware attack was suited to sabotage and intelligence, spoke on the issue of cyber-terrorism, subversion for enhancing the effectiveness of military but also explained how AI was being used, and could operations, where a war was not confined to cyberspace. potentially be used by either side in a conflict. But for attackers, it “may require using scarce zero-day exploits. Can the attackers be really sure [that they will achieve their aims]?” The parallel was drawn with Guy Leibovitz special forces which are commanded at a strategic level for shock and effect, and not squandered lightly. Examples range from the use of However, Omand added, “If significant real damage AI driven bots to THE 8TH AMBASSADORS’ ROUND week, held under the auspices of the Anglo-Israel were to be inflicted it would be classed as an armed lure Israeli soldier Association. attack and may evoke a kinetic response. If it was victims into danger TABLE. sufficiently serious, attribution will be a political Key themes included cyber-warfare, cyber-terrorism through to work at judgement [rather than absolute technical certainty].” THE SUBJECT OF THE 8TH AIA and the overlap with cyber-crime, as well as innovation MIT to use AI for AMBASSADORS’ ROUND TABLE WAS and resilience. The roundtable was not about Israel- Traditional arms control approaches won’t stop zero-day discovery Palestine issues. intelligence gathering, says Omand, given that the – an ideal task for CYBER SECURITY. difference between offensive action and intelligence AI because it is Israel’s newly appointed deputy ambassador to the UK, (The report below first appeared in SC Media UK gathering “may only by a few lines of code”. very tedious, difficult and requires a lot of expertise for Sharon Bar-Li, noted the shared democratic ideals of a human to find. Magazine) both countries before describing some of the factors The question was asked, is digital intelligence gathering Israel-UK cyber-security lessons - shared concerns, that make Israel such a leader in the sector. Not least itself destabilising? Current problems identified The generation of malwares using AI is also happening, shared responses among these is that Israel is ‘a start-up nation’, plus include the sheer scale of intel gathering going on creating infinite numbers that detection systems can’t the perspective that: “The future is one where we right now, with no agreed norms of good behaviour find. Right now it’s described as ‘pre-mature’ tech, by Tony Morbin have to keep a technological upper hand to prevent [notwithstanding Tallinn 2]. The incentives are to act in but deep reinforcement learning teaches machines to these threats... [adding] strength in cyber-security advance of need which will be seen as aggressive and learn like a human and allows them to learn better than stands behind our economic, military and intelligence so provoke a response of more intel gathering which a human. And tools can be built by AI and put in Cyber Israel is under constant threat and conscription gives strength.” runs the risk of creating a hacking arms race. Warfare settings, which, after hours of training, can its army access to its brightest students - what can the steal data and undertake espionage. UK learn from its approach to and understanding of Israel’s Deputy The issue of false attribution was also covered by cyber-terrorism? Ormand. In April 2015, the French TV station TV5Monde Given that it’s harder to defend than attack, Leibovitz Ambassador, Sharon was taken off air by the ‘cyber caliphate’. But this called for pre-emptive defence. He said, the best Unit 8200 is the largest unit in the Israel Defence Forces, Bar-Li previously unheard of group had undertaken a very form of defence is attack so, “take preemptive action comprising several thousand soldiers responsible sophisticated state-sponsored level of attack, and the [attacking our own networks] to find the loopholes in for collecting signal intelligence (SIGINT) and code Bar-Li also noted how question was, why? Was it a warning to France (from our networks before the hackers come.” decryption. Conscripts with an aptitude for cyber- Israel is following the UK’s prime suspect Russia?), a test to see if false attribution security, often identified while still at school, provide government programme Keren Elazari, a prominent Israeli security researcher to the Caliphate would deceive France. Or was it a constant refresh of new talent, with 25 percent to digitise public services, and industry analyst, describes herself as a ‘friendly preparation for interference in the French election? annual turnover. Many of its alumni have gone on to replicating its DMARC hacker’ and provided a hacker’s perspective of the be highly successful cyber-security entrepreneurs – approach, that it has True covert action was considered not rampant in future of cyber-crime. She emphasised the twin themes including some of those who gathered at the Israel- renewed agreements the digital space and often only possible using secret of convergence and multiplicity, as well as the trend for UK Ambassadors roundtable at the Royal Society last between Cert UK and intelligence, nonetheless digital media clearly allows the boundaries between traditional and cyber-warfare

27 to be eroded, as well as criminals adopting state tactics On a more positive note, Omand suggested that public terrorists, it’s very difficult to draw the link between and tools. education will get us 80 percent of the way to cyber- hacktivists, terrorists and governments. Consequently security, but for the 20 percent of APTs it will require terrorist propagandist actors using social media – nation states to tackle the issue. Twitter, darknet, Telegram – often cannot be stopped by governments, but they can be opposed by hackers. Keren Elazari Tom Ilube, CEO at Crossword Cybersecurity, suggested that it will take a fatality to shift the perspective in the While influencing public opinion and physical acts is boardroom, saying, “Until a FTSE 100 or 250 goes out of different, ISIS influence has an impact. Although we business, they [boards] won’t take it seriously.” haven’t seen a major cyber-attack by terrorists, such as shutting down the power supply, most commentators Barzilay disagreed, saying that the board is not the agree that it’s just a matter of time before a terrorist problem and that most boards now have regular group has that capability. cyber-security discussions. He says that the problem is the cyber-security industry. “When they ask what we Consequently, as Baroness Ramsay of Cartvale pointed need to defend ourselves, we say, no number equals out, intelligence services do now keep an eye on targets spending enough, you should do more. And we’ll still in the physical world, where potential for really skilled not be safe. It’s not that boards don’t care, they don’t attackers could cause real damage, well beyond the know what to do.” propaganda value of low level attacks aimed at defacing websites. Baroness Neville Jones, who sits on the Science and Education Committee in the House of Lords, noted Mozes agreed that intelligence agencies are now that educating the consumer only gets you so far. “See looking for those groups before such attacks happen. the automotive sector – public opinion demanded Consequently, critical infrastructure and secondary Elazari described how bits and bytes can influence our that industry make cars safer. Understanding of what critical infrastructure is being protected. But advanced physical reality, in an age where government, civilian goes on under the bonnet is not much greater than persistent threats are not currently the threat posed by and commercial boundaries are decreasing while the previously, and I expect it to be the same in cyber.” terrorists who would attack SMEs and countries not internet itself continues to expand exponentially, so doing much to protect themselves, and who should that a single company or organisation can no longer protect these targets – the police, the army, someone reported to come from Israel. make sense of it. Tal Mozes and Baroness Ramsay of Cartvale else? By contrast, the UK approach to innovation for the 50 Yet it largely runs on software designed by humans Anti-terrorist experience Defining what we mean by terrorism was not clear cut, years leading up to the year 2000 was: huge university sometime in the receding past, software that is not the speakers said. Notwithstanding the loss of life, research for five to 10 years; then it goes to government, being changed and which has many vulnerabilities. Tal Mozes, leader of the EY Hackticks Security Centre, differentiating in cyberspace between terrorists and military or others to take and develop secretly for five to Even our reliance on GPS is a vulnerability, she said. described how his experience during national service criminals, terrorists being those who pursue ideology 10 years; then it comes to the big tech companies that in the Israeli army provided a demonstration of how and criminals are those seeking gain, is difficult. use the technology; finally it ends up with consumers There is a convergence between different groups, weaknesses in defence identified by one group will one to three years after that – thus taking 10 to 25 years with shared tools and techniques between criminals, One clue is terrorists tend to take responsibility while quickly be used by another. Mozes was a hacker/fracker to progress from research to the consumer. hackers, hacktivists, terrorists and other non-state at 14, making pocket money illegally. He joined a hacker criminals try and hide, but as in the case of the 16 actors. Espionage can also be about having an economic group and dropped out of school at 15, so rather than known Russian-language cyber-criminal gangs, some Today innovation in the UK happens across all parts impact, so there is cyber-crime as a tactic for cyber- going straight into unit 8200, as you would expect for a are thought to be aligned with the state while some of industry, with no hierarchy, innovation coming from warfare. hacker, he found himself a sniper patrolling the border are not. students, government and citizens – thanks to the internet. . Inkster asked, how realistic is it to have IOT devices looking for smugglers. What became apparent was And there are the unintended consequences of the required to be able to be upgraded? Or to be able to that when the criminals found a path for smuggling, it way social media algorithms work, putting you in The barriers to entry are minimal, you don’t need any turn off functions that users think are not working wasn’t long before others used the route for terrorist contact with like-minded people. Thus, Facebook can infrastructure as you can go to the cloud and start. Now as intended – referring to the recording capabilities purposes. inadvertently draw more people into a pro-terrorist you just need the person and it is zero cost. With the of some toys. He went further saying, “Introducing And the same applies to hacking. As Mozes notes, via grouping, adding new extremist and becoming internet and mobile, distribution costs are also almost software liability and criminal liability could be possible. cyber-security, you can carry out terrorist acts and not more extreme, and effectively encourage extremist zero. You can develop an app and put it on Google or Other companies and sectors – cars, medical, etc are be caught, so you get the feeling of belonging, and carry ideologies. This risks need to be highlighted and tools the App store and get sales. So the limit is not the liable for their products. But software does not have out terrorist activity with very low risk – whereas in real introduced to prevent this happening. technology, it’s us. liability.” life, few of those who share an ideology would actually In fact, Barzilay suggested that any country wanting to Previously, large corporations would create a lab of our Barzilay called for equipment and software to be made carry out a terrorist act, so the threshold from thought conduct espionage would have spies within Facebook, best engineers improving their product by 10 percent. secure by default, especially in the IOT and smart to action is lower. and asked if perhaps Facebook should be declared a Or they’d buy a small innovative company via M&A – meters sectors. national asset, and whether the NSA should be vetting only to end up killing it because of the culture clash. its staff. Leibovitz suggested that changes to UK regulation with Tal Mozes Another area of discussion was the need to understand implementation of GDPR, and heavy fines for failure to what makes humans innovative and disruptive. The He explained, “To become a cyber-terrorist, you don’t comply, will drive more cyber-security, move liability Start-up nation – innovation analogy, with Israel is that sometimes a nurturing into the boardroom and result in defining what needs need to be the world’s best hacker, you don’t plan for a environment is a hostile one, when attacked an to be protected. year etc, you can go to a public place, and do something One area of outstanding success for Israel has organism evolves. very simple, such as change a TV screen to say, ‘There been bringing innovation to market and achieving Omand concurred, noting that data protection will still In Israel, defence, start-ups, academia, and enterprise is a bomb’.” commercial success from ideas in the cyber-security need to comply with GDPR after Brexit, and regarding overlap in a process of attrition and acquisition with sector, including 140 start-ups in the past 2½ years IOT devices, he commented: “The genie is out of the Elazari noted the limitations of government: while it can people switching between them. under its accelerator programme. For instance, over bottle.” impose shutdowns on accounts used by ISIS to promote 90 percent of automotive cyber-security solutions are Moshe Ferber described some of the other activities

29 contributing to developing the country’s cyber industry, From November, a new strategy was launched which But most will rely on BT or other backbone providers including the Magshim programme to get kids from has marked a different approach to dealing with state as these are fewer and can see what is happening less mainstream backgrounds to join cyber-units, and non-state sector actors. on their network and potentially so can their a programme to get 30 percent women in high tech governmental partners such as the NSA and GCHQ. For the less sophisticated attacks the aim is to eliminate industries, the first Hassidic start-up, and outreach the most basic infrastructure vulnerabilities. So all to Arabs and particularly Arab women via community backbone providers plus GCHQ were invited to look The meeting ended with agreement that there were leaders, as well as autistic soldiers, and establishing at what malware was flowing through the UK during indeed lessons for the UK in leveraging talent including Israel as a cyber-incident response centre. It was a one-month period and that’s when it was found that via both formal and informal networks and encouraging not one single thing, but a combination of things that 78 percent of malware and exploits could be defended and supporting innovation through to commercial were seen as responsible for Israel’s success in cyber- against with patching and basic defences. To be more development, while Israel was able to ‘borrow’ some security, not least necessity. secure, the focus should be on that 80 percent of of the UK’s larger state infrastructural approaches to threats. Sometimes firms buy the highest spec kit but reduce the threat surface, and adopt formal structures do the equivalent of failing to shut the door, he said. for public and private sectors to share best practice - UK perspective and both countries agreed on the need to cooperate It was therefore apparent that we can’t rely on the and share both intelligence and best practice, including Paddy McGuinness, deputy national security adviser understanding of companies to do it themselves. with other like-minded states against their common at the UK Cabinet Office, emphasised how his role, Twelve sectors were identified, from high health and adversaries. covering intelligence, security and resilience, was safety sectors such as civil nuclear down to less critical impacted by the need for strong cyber defences, and areas where the approach was one of having a certain that the new NCSC had been added to all the existing level of toleration, in much the same way as credit card

companies ‘tolerate’ a certain fraud level. With the NCSC, the advantages of the

state’s capabilities, including those of GCHQ and other agencies, can be leveraged to maximise their effect to make the UK a more difficult target. These capabilities range up to the most extreme, which is interference with equipment overseas, which may potentially be used to prevent a DDoS attack. Domain- based Message Authentication, Reporting and Conformance network defence services as an extra layer to engage (DMARC) is being put in place. with the private sector. While adversaries have shown their ability to impact a McGuiness explained how, in the 2010-2015 period, Ukrainian power station, most attacks depend on basic there had been an £840 million stimulus to develop techniques such as spear phishing and watering hole cyber-security capabilities – in addition to IT spend by attacks. The defence posture will be to do more at the the vertical sector departments themselves. The aim devices to the backbone level, so that in the future there was to incentivise companies and groups to improve will likely be fewer, but more capable attacks which their own defences, and improve incentives for cyber- can then be focused upon. Most recent breaches have insurance. been enabled by humans, and insider threats remain a concern that requires human security. Regarding state In terms of creating a ‘kitemark’ for what constitutes or criminal outsiders, at a time of tension it is necessary secure, McGuinness says the programme “didn’t to know who is likely to attack. work”. There was huge resistance from industry to take the necessary measures, and the example of TalkTalk ISPs in particular were seen as an area where more – where the vulnerability exploited was older than the could be done, but they currently had no financial hackers – just emphasised how the basics were not motive to do more, so how can they be persuaded to being done. ‘buy in’ to more security was an issue to be tackled.

31 CLERGY VISIT TO ISRAEL JANUARY 2017

he Very Revd Jonathan vailing political view in the West our effort to tell the real story of Greener, Dean of Wakefield about the settlements, which Israel. No more should an old Tled our 7th briefing tour of seems to me to fail to take ac- lady – a Holocaust survivor think Israel. The Briefing tours take count of the reality on the ground, it necessary to plead for accep- senior Church leaders to Israel and likely to hinder rather than tance and friendship. and the West Bank to get a bet- foster the improved relations Nimrod Capital LLP I have had the opportunity to ter and informed understanding which are so necessary between 3 St Helen’s Place share my experience with a wide of the current situation. They Israel and Palestine. Professor London EC3A 6AB group of people within my minis- travel the length and breadth of Uzi Rabi (Professor of Middle Switchboard: 020 7382 4565 try and church. I will be making the region including the Golan East Studies, Tel Aviv University), www.nimrodcapital.com a full presentation in the church Heights, the Gaza Kerem Shalom also made a deep impression, very shortly. I have some good crossing, Sderot, Ramallah, the setting Israel in the context of the photos too. new Palestinian City of Rawabi as current troubles throughout the well as Tel Aviv and Massada. The Middle East, and he raised for me I already have the full blessing of spiritual side is well taken care of all kinds of questions about our my local church Elders to organ- also by visits to the holy sites in own political situation at home – ise a team of members to raise Jerusalem, Bethlehem, The Sea and in particular, issues of immi- more awareness and prayers for With best wishes from of Galilee, the Mount of Beati- gration and community cohesion. Israel. tudes and Capernaum. Andy Byfield, the Vicar of St Pe- I will be working towards fully They hear a cross section of ter and St Paul, Moulton wrote: ‘ I incorporating Israel study into voices and narratives from the went to Israel fairly clueless about my ministry’s Children’s Bible community in Shiloh to the PLO the political situation but through Academy (CBA) curriculum. I in Ramallah and everything in the wide range of speakers and am aware that the battle for the between. We organise these vis- visits, my pre-suppositions were nationhood of Israel will not go its jointly with the Clergy Travel- deeply challenged. The Western away any time soon.’ ling Fund. Here are some of the Media narrative of heartless Is- comments we received after this raelis persecuting and oppress- year’s visit: ing innocent Palestinians was shown, again and again, to be a The leader of the tour, the Very very unfair portrayal and I leave Nimrod Capital LLP is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority Revd Jonathan Greener wrote with a newfound respect and love ‘The access you provide is sec- for the Jewish people that I fear ond to none: the Gaza border should have crossing, the Ministry of Foreign been there in Affairs (MFA), the British Ambas- my ministry for sador, the Palestinian Authority a long time be- – the list goes on. We were time fore now.’ and time again confronted with the political challenges facing Chuks Aniere- the country, and the opportu- obi from the nity to ask for ourselves about Shepherds Min- whatever controversial issue the istries wrote: latest conversation had thrown ‘We are in a up. It was particularly helpful to world where be in Israel following the recent it is becoming resolution from the UN Securi- trendy to hate ty Council and during the Paris the Jewish na- conversations. I have come home tion. As such we genuinely troubled by the pre- cannot relent in

33 AIA Events WORTH DYING FOR: LUNCH TO MARK THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE POWER AND POLITICS OF FLAGS THE BALFOUR DECLARATION

A Patrons evening was held at the House March under their colours. And still, in the Lady Sainsbury, Chairman of the AIA Council hosted a special of Lords with guest speaker Tim Marshall 21st century, we die for them. lunch for AIA Patrons and long term supporters at Leighton speaking about his book ‘Worth Dying for: Tim Marshall with more than twenty-five House to mark the 100th Anniversary of the Balfour Declara- The Power and Politics of Flags.’ years of global reporting experience gave tion. When you see your nation’s flag fluttering in a lively and interesting talk and answered There were several speeches during the lunch including: Sir the breeze, what do you feel? For thousands questions, revealing the histories, the power Andrew Burns KCMG, a former British Ambassador to the of years flags have represented our hopes and the politics of the symbols that unite and State of Israel, who welcomed everyone and gave a broad out- and dreams. We wave them. Burn them. divide us. line of the events leading up to the Balfour Declaration and the UK Government’s position at that time, and Ms Sharon Bar-Li, AIA Deputy Israeli Ambassador, gave an optimistic view of Israel’s future relations with the Arab world. Events Leighton House proved a lovely venue. The house was the for- mer home and studio of the leading Victorian artist, Frederic, Lord Leighton (1830-1896) and a sub-site is dedicated to Leigh- ton’s travels in the Middle East.

of Urbanisation to include – sustainability THE ANGLO and resilience; the human factor and smart cities; social inclusion and alienation in mixed cities; and the governance and ISRAEL economics of cities amongst other themes COLLOQUIUM of mutual interest. The participants made visits to the ‘White City’ in Tel Aviv, the new Arab town of Rowabi The Anglo Israel Colloquium which is now which is the first planned Palestinian city embarking on its 20th year, took place built in the West Bank, and is hailed as a in Jerusalem between the 9th – 13th “flagship Palestinian enterprise.” and also November, 2017. This year we added a new the modern Israeli town Modeiin which has dimension to the event to reach a wider been environmentally planned. A full report audience. The subject was The Challenges will appear in the next issue of our magazine.

35 ishness will be eradicat- sible for the radicalisation of Brit- of Israel and the Jews that drives the ed from the human heart, ish Muslims and the 7/7 attacks on Islamic jihad against the west is not reason will replace su- the London transit system because acknowledged or countered by the perstition, humanity will it has backed America and Israel west because its most high-minded live in harmony with the and “lied” about the threat posed by citizens share at least some of that earth, and all division will Saddam Hussein. prejudice. yield to the brotherhood That’s why the west is squarely in Both western liberals and Islamists of man. the sights of all who want to cre- believe in utopias to which the Jews But in doing so, the sec- ate utopia and are determined to are an obstacle. The State of Israel is ular west is not merely remove all the obstacles it places an obstacle to both the rule of Islam adopting a quasi-reli- in the way. For environmentalists, over the earth and a world where gious posture but a spe- that obstacle is industrialisation. For there are no divisions based on reli- cifically Christian one. scientific materialists, it’s religion. gion or creed. The governing story of For transnational progressives, it’s The Jews are an obstacle to the un- Christianity is of sin, the nation. For anti-imperialists, it’s constrained individualism of west- guilt and redemption. American exceptionalism. For the ern libertines and to the Islamist at- And remarkably, that is western intelligentsia, it’s Israel. For tack on individual human dignity and precisely the pattern ly- Islamists, it’s all the above and the freedom. Both the liberal utopias of ing behind the utopian entire un-Islamic world. a world without prejudice, divisions agendas of western sec- In the Islamist onslaught upon the or war and the Islamist utopia of a ular progressives—even free world, the west is confronting world without unbelievers are uni- though by severing these an ideology that hijacks evidence versalist ideologies. The people who concepts from their tran- and distorts and falsifies it for its are always in the way of universalis- scendent Christian con- own ends. The disconcerting fact is ing utopias are the Jews. text, they have perverted that the west has been doing pre- their meaning and turned The power of reason offers no pro- cisely the same thing. From man- them from the engines tection against bigotry: quite the made global warming to Israel, from of truth and justice into reverse. And today it is once again Iraq to the origin of the universe, the their antithesis. among the most progressive and en- west has replaced truth with ideol- lightened people in Britain, Europe For the left, the west is ogy. Faced with an enemy that has and America, the secular rational- guilty of exploiting the declared war upon reason, the west ists and the most liberal Christians, poor, the marginalised has left the citadel undefended. who march behind the banners of and the oppressed. Brit- The correspondences between human rights and high-minded con- ain has to do penance for western progressives and Islamists science, that one finds the most vir- the sins of imperialism are really quite remarkable. Both ulent hatred of Israel and medieval and racism. Israel has to are attempting to create utopias prejudice against the Jews. do penance for the sins in order to redeem past sins; both of colonialism and rac- One wonders, though, whether the permit no dissent from the one re- ism. America has to do pathology is yet deeper and more vealed truth; both demonise and penance for the sins of devastating. It was the Jews who seek to suppress their opponents; imperialism, slavery and gave the world the concepts of an both project their own bad behaviour racism. orderly universe, reason and prog- onto others; both are consumed by ress—the keys to science and our For the environmental- paranoid conspiracy theories. Both modern age. And the State of Israel ists, the west is guilty of are giving expression to a totalitar- is the front line of the defence of the the sins of consumerism ian instinct that involves a wholesale This is an edited extract from “The World Turned Up- free world against the Islamist as- and greed, which have repudiation of reason. sault on modernity. side Down: the Global Battle over God, Truth and Power” given it far more than it The west has gone down this road needs. So these things In repudiating Jewish teaching and by Melanie Phillips, published by Encounter 2010. in order to allow the full and unim- must be taken away and its moral codes, the west has turned peded flowering of the autonomous the west must return to upon the modern world itself. In individual and the fulfilment of his For the millenarian, the high-mind- save the world by ridding it of its a simpler, austere, preindustrial turning upon the State of Israel, needs and desires. The Islamists ed belief in creating a perfect world perceived corruption. way of life. the west is undermining its defence have gone down this road to subju- requires the imperfect world to be against the enemies of moderni- At a time when radical Islam is at- Because of its sins, the west is gate the individual and snuff out his purified by the true believers. From ty and the western civilisation that tempting to purify the world by con- being punished through the wars needs and desires. Both have ended the Committee of Public Safety to produced it. The great question is quering it for Islam and thus create and terrorism against it. The west up suppressing freedom and impos- Iran’s morals police, from Stalin’s whether it actually wants to defend the kingdom of God on earth, the “had it coming” on account of its ing a tyranny of the mind. purges of dissidents to British and reason and modernity anymore, or west is also trying to purify the manifold iniquities. America is re- American “hate crime” laws, utopi- What they also have in common is whether western civilisation has world in order to create a secular sponsible for Islamic terrorism. ans of every stripe have instigated hostility to Judaism, Israel and the now reached a point where it has utopia in which war will become a Israel is responsible for Palestinian coercive or tyrannical regimes to Jewish people. The genocidal hatred stopped trying to survive. thing of the past, hatred and self- terrorism. And Britain is respon-

37 10 OF THE MOST SPECTACULAR DESERT HIKES IN ISRAEL

THERE’S NO BETTER WAY TO SEE THE DESERT THAN ON FOOT. JOIN US IN EXPLORING THE MOST BEAUTIFUL DESERT TRAILS OF SOUTHERN ISRAEL.

By Brian Blum

39 back and leave the other car near Amram’s Pillars, a plies, unquestionably red from the Nubian sandstone. hike starting adjacent to the gravesite into Ein Avdat, a 10 OF THE MOST natural rock formation at the end of a short canyon. You start by descending into the canyon (there are sev- canyon filled with surprising springs and waterfalls – (The back and forth shuttling of the cars can take up eral points with ladders). Be ready for a “traffic jam” a hidden desert oasis! SPECTACULAR DESERT to an hour, so build that into your total hiking time.) at peak hiking periods because the canyon is not wide enough to allow more than one person to pass at once. HIKES IN ISRAEL After you take in the pillars, continue up Mount Amir to its peak where you’ll be treated to some great views. The canyon itself is relatively short; the rest of the THERE’S NO BETTER WAY TO SEE THE DESERT THAN As you descend, catch the Israel Trail going south to walk through Nahal Shani is less scenic and without ON FOOT. JOIN US IN EXPLORING THE MOST BEAUTI- get to your other car. An alternative route goes through shade, but has a challenging finish involving a steep FUL DESERT TRAILS OF SOUTHERN ISRAEL. a canyon filled with ancient copper mines and digging climb for some amazing views into Egypt. This is a shafts. Either way is three hours. loop trail that takes three hours. When you return to your car, take advantage of the ice-cream truck, which The best time to hike in Israel’s Negev and Arava des- THE BLACK CANYON is usually parked there. erts is in the Spring. It may be cold in the north, but the temperature is just perfect for climbing the rough- TIMNA PARK and-tumble mountains of Israel’s south before it heats up for the summer. So, in the spirit of spring, we pres- Ein Avdat photo by Nissan Hananya. ent our picks for Israel’s top 10 desert hikes. Ein Avdat is named for Nabatean city that was located This is the quintessential trip for hikers staying at the on the ancient spice route. On the hike, which is part of Eilat Field School. Starting from just east of the build- Nahal Zin, you’ll pass several caves that were used by ing, it’s also the southernmost tip of the 1,000-kilo- Byzantine monks starting in the sixth century as well meter Israel National Trail. The Field School is on the as an observatory at the upper end. Expect to com- road that leads to the Egyptian border at Taba. mune with the local ibex. The one-hour trek is not a loop, but it can be done in only one direction, so if you The hike starts with a pretty steep ascent (you’re can park a second car at the second parking lot at the starting at sea level and climbing straight up), and it’s The Black Canyon loop takes about two hours. Photo by Brian Blum end, you’ll save having to walk back on the less scenic not particularly beautiful, but once you get to the top, road above the canyon. Getting out of the canyon re- the payoff is a spectacular panoramic view of the en- Follow the instructions for Amram’s Pillars and leave quires climbing ladders. tire Red Sea area. In fact, you can see four countries your car at the end of the junction heading south. The from a single vantage point – Israel, of course, but kilometre-long Black Canyon is filled with gray and Solomon’s Pillars in Timna Park. Photo by www.shutterstock.com NAHAL PERES also Jordan, Egypt and the tip of Saudi Arabia. Once black basalt stone formations, white limestone chalk, you’ve drunk in the view, there are several options for plus some narrow passageways that are fun to climb There’s so much to do and see in Timna Park (off High- Nahal Peres is the most challenging hike on our list the descent. If you take the longest option (about four and slide through. It’s shady even in midday. way 90, north of Eilat), your best bet is to simply arrive – it takes six to eight hours to complete and includes hours), you’ll end up near Taba; you can then take a early in the day, grab a visitor’s map at the entrance some steep climbs. But it’s an Israeli classic that in- bus or taxi back to your car. The Black Canyon is a loop. The best way to hike it is and decide what you’re in the mood for. You can drive cludes desert cliffs, waterfalls and water holes. You from the back so that you slide down the passageways to Solomon’s Pillars – two rock formations formed by need two cars for this – park one at the gas station AMRAM’S PILLARS rather than climb up. (You can do it either way, how- centuries of water erosion through fractures in the where Highways 90 and 25 meet and the other at the ever.) You can do the entire loop in about two hours. sandstone cliff – and walk around, peering in all the start of the hike, 13 kilometres away up Highway 25. If you’re feeling ambitious, tack it on to the Amram’s nooks and crannies. Or you can follow a more chal- Pillars hike. lenging four-hour path that goes above the pillars for The water holes are a detour about 6 kilometres into some great views. It’s only 4 kilometres but there are the trail – don’t skip them (you can even swim if it’s THE RED CANYON some steep ups and downs. warm enough). Before the final ascent out of the can- yon, walk a bit further to a “window” overlooking a wa- For a more family-oriented hike, visit the Pink Can- terfall with a fabulous view. If you only have one car, yon, which leads to the “Roman Cave” – actually, an you can also switch back on a black trail just after the old structure with a Nabatean burial inscription. Even water holes (although you’ll miss the “window”). easier is the 45-minute hike to the Boreg (Corkscrew) Hill. The only downside to Timna: there’s an entrance PURA NATURE RESERVE fee, so coming back again over several days can get expensive. One of the best reasons for hiking in the spring is the preponderance of flowers that bloom only at this time Amram’s Pillars is a natural rock formation at the end of a short EIN AVDAT NATIONAL PARK of year. Flowers are rare in most of the desert; not so canyon. Photo by Brian Blum in the Pura Nature Reserve (“Shmurat Pura” in He- A short, lovely hike begins at the graveyard of David brew) in the very northern Negev. There’s a parking You don’t have to trek the entire Israel National Trail to Ben-Gurion. lot off Highway 40, just south of where it merges with hike some of its most beautiful parts. Drive north from Highway 6, and north of the Kama Junction. Eilat on Highway 90 about 15 minutes and take the The red in Red Canyon is from Nubian sandstone. Many visitors to Israel’s south pay a pilgrimage to the turn toward Amram’s Pillars. It’s another 15 minutes Photo by Brian Blum grave of David Ben-Gurion, the country’s first prime The three- to four-hour walk is mostly flat, although on a bumpy dirt road. You’ll need two cars for this hike minister, on their way to Mitzpeh Ramon or Eilat. If there is a climb to Tel Nagila, a settlement that was – when the road splits, drive about 3 kilometers to the Head north from Eilat on Highway 12 until you see you’ve already stopped at Sde Boker, the kibbutz established in the Chalcolithic period. You’ll pass the left and park one car near the Black Canyon. Double signs for the Red Canyon, which is, as its name im- where Ben-Gurion lived, there’s a short and lovely

41 remains of a Turkish railway bridge that once con- nected Beersheva with Lod, a seasonal lake, a dam and plenty of red anemones. For a different experi- ence in the same area with less huffing and puffing try the nearby Philip Farm, which offers carriage tours, pulled by donkeys.

EIN SAHARONIM

The last two hikes on our list are in the Ramon Cra- ter. For both, you’ll drive toward the Be’erot camping site off Highway 40 in the middle of the crater. Be’erot also has a Bedouin tent serving coffee, tea and other refreshments. For this first hike – the easier of the two – continue driving another 3 kilometers until the park- ing lot for Ein Saharonim. You’ll see an old Nabatean weigh station there and a spring, which is also where you’re most likely to see animals in search of water. An ancient Nabatean caravanserai (fort) is nearby and can be explored before setting out on the hike itself – a two- to three-hour trail on Parsat Nekarot (the “horseshoe”). The picturesque loop winds through the white limestone of the Nekarot canyon. You return to the Ein Saharonim parking lot at the end. Mount Ardon

A stunning view over the Ramon crater. Photo by www.shutterstock.com

For a more challenging (seven-hour) hike in the Ra- mon Crater, start at the same Be’erot camping site but head toward Mount Ardon. It’s beautiful but steep, which makes its 11 kilometers feel that much longer. Start early in the day – at sunrise if possible. The top of Mount Ardon is at the very heart of the crater with stunning views of multicolour sand from all sides.

At 702 meters above sea level, Mount Ardon is what geologists call “relief inversion” – it was originally not a mountain but a valley. Over time, the surrounding mountains were washed away by rain and erosion, leaving just the former Ardon valley as the area’s high point. The descent from the top can be slippery, so take it slow.

43 language and literature by writing books and numer- ous essays.”

In Honour By 1950 other Iraqi Jews and I were faced with the revocation of citizenship, seizure of assets, and, most ominously, public of Jewish hangings. A year earlier, Iraqi Prime Minister Nuri Sa’id had told the British ambassador in Amman of a plan to expel the entire Jewish community and Refugees from place us at Jordan’s door- step. The ambassador later recounted the episode in a memoir entitled From the Wings: Amman Memoirs, Arab Lands: 1947-1951. Miraculously, in 1951 about 100,000 of us got out, thanks to the extraordinary LETTER FROM A help of Israel, but with lit- tle more than the clothes on our backs. The Israelis dubbed the rescue Opera- FORGOTTEN JEW tion Ezra and Nehemiah. Those of us who stayed lived 180 Jews were in perpetual fear — fear By David Harris - killed, more than of violence and more public hangings, as occurred on The Times of Israel & 900 were wounded, January 27, 1969, when nine Jews were hanged in the The Huffington Post and 14,500 Jews center of Baghdad on trumped-up charges, while hun- November 29, 2016 sustained materi- dreds of thousands of Iraqis wildly cheered the execu- al losses through tions. The rest of us got out one way or another, includ- the looting or de- ing friends of mine who found safety in Iran when it was struction of their ruled by the Shah. stores and homes. I AM A FORGOTTEN JEW. Remember the Babylonian exile from ancient Judea, Although the government eventually restored order... Now there are no Jews left to speak of, nor are there following the destruction of the First Temple in 586 Jews were squeezed out of government employment, monuments, museums, or other reminders of our My roots are nearly 2,600 years old, my ancestors BCE? Remember the vibrant Jewish community that limited in schools, and subjected to imprisonment, presence on Iraqi soil for twenty-six centuries. made landmark contributions to world civilization, and emerged there and produced the Babylonian Talmud? heavy fines, or sequestration of their property on the my presence was felt from North Africa to the Fertile flimsiest of charges of being connected to either or both Do the textbooks used in Iraqi schools today refer to Crescent — but I barely exist today. You see, I am a Jew Do you know that in the ninth century, under Muslim of the two banned movements. Indeed, Communism our one-time presence, to our positive contribution to from the Arab world. No, that’s not entirely accurate. rule, we Jews in Iraq were forced to wear a distinctive and Zionism were frequently equated in the statutes. In the evolution of Iraqi society and culture? Not a chance. I’ve fallen into a semantic trap. I predated the Arab con- yellow patch on our clothing — a precursor of the infa- Iraq the mere receipt of a letter from a Jew in Palestine 2,600 years are erased, wiped out, as if they never hap- quest in just about every country in which I lived. When mous Nazi yellow badge — and faced other discrimina- [pre-1948] was sufficient to bring about arrest and loss pened. Can you put yourself in my shoes and feel the Arab invaders conquered North Africa, for example, I tory measures? Or that in the eleventh and fourteenth of property.” excruciating pain of loss and invisibility? had already been present there for more than six cen- centuries, we faced onerous taxes, the destruction of turies. several synagogues, and severe repression? At our peak, we were 135,000 Jews in 1948, and we I am a forgotten Jew. were a vitally important factor in virtually every as- Today, you cannot find a trace of me in most of this vast And I wonder if you have ever heard of the Farhud, the pect of Iraqi society. To illustrate our role, here is what I was first settled in what is present-day Libya by the region. breakdown of law and order, in Baghdad in June 1941. the Encyclopaedia Judaica wrote about Iraqi Jewry: Egyptian ruler Ptolemy Lagos (323-282 BCE), according “During the 20th century, Jewish intellectuals, authors, to the first-century Jewish historian Josephus. My fore- Try seeking me out in Iraq. “In a spasm of uncontrolled violence, between 170 and and poets made an important contribution to the Arabic fathers and foremothers lived continuously on this soil

45 for more than two millennia, our numbers bolstered by memory, and I’ll do my best to transmit it to my children way that captured the imagination of many non-Jews. serve the rites and rituals that were distinctive to our Berbers who converted to Judaism, Spanish and Por- and grandchildren, but how much can they absorb? Perhaps I was too fatalistic, too shell-shocked, too un- tradition. tuguese Jews fleeing the Inquisition, and Italian Jews How much can they identify with a culture that seems certain of my artistic or literary talents. crossing the Mediterranean. like a relic of a distant past that appears increasingly I would never underestimate the difficulties or overlook remote and intangible? True, a few books and articles But that can’t be the only reason for my unsought status those who, for reasons of age or ill health or poverty, I was confronted with the anti-Jewish legislation of the on my history have been written, but— and here I’m be- as a forgotten Jew. It’s not that I haven’t tried to make at couldn’t make it, but, by and large, in a short time we occupying Italian Fascists. I endured the incarceration ing generous — they are far from best-sellers. least some noise; I have. I’ve organized gatherings and have taken giant steps, whether in Israel or elsewhere. of 2,600 fellow Jews in an Axis-run camp in 1942. I petitions, arranged exhibitions, appealed to the United survived the deportation of 200 fellow Jews to Italy the In any case, can these books compete with the system- Nations, and met with officials from just about every I may be a forgotten Jew, but my voice will not remain same year. I coped with forced labor in Libya during the atic attempt by Libyan leaders to expunge any trace Western government. But somehow it all seems to add silent. It cannot, for if it does, it becomes an accomplice war. I witnessed Muslim rioting in 1945 and 1948 that of my presence over two millennia? Can these books up to less than the sum of its parts. No, that’s still being to historical denial and revisionism. left nearly 150 Libyan Jews dead, hundreds injured, and compete with a world that paid virtually no attention to too kind. The truth is, it has pretty much fallen on deaf thousands homeless. the end of my existence? ears. I will speak out because I will not allow the Arab conflict with Israel to be defined unfairly through the prism of I watched with uncertainty as Libya became an inde- Take a look at The New York Times index for 1967, and You know that acronym — MEGO? It means “My eyes one refugee population only, the Palestinian. pendent country in 1951. I wondered what would hap- you’ll see for yourself how the newspaper of record glazed over.” That’s the impression I often have when pen to those 6,000 of us still there, the remnant of the covered the tragic demise of an ancient community. I I’ve tried raising the subject of the Jews from Arab I will speak out because what happened to me is now 39,000 Jews who had formed this once-proud com- can save you the trouble of looking — just a few paltry lands with diplomats, elected officials, and journalists being done, with eerie familiarity, to another minority munity — that is, until the rioting sent people packing, lines were all the story got. — their eyes glaze over (TEGO). group in the region, the Christians, and once again I see many headed for the newly established State of Israel. the world averting its eyes, as if denial ever solved any- I am a forgotten Jew. No, I shouldn’t be blaming myself, though I could al- thing. The good news was that there were constitutional pro- ways be doing more for the sake of history and justice. tections for minority groups in the newly established I am one of hundreds of thousands of Jews who once I will speak out because I refuse to be a forgotten Jew. Libyan nation. The bad news was that they were com- lived in countries like Iraq and Libya. All told, we num- There’s actually a far more important explanatory fac- pletely ignored. bered close to 900,000 in 1948. Today we are fewer tor. than 5,000, mostly concentrated in two moderate coun- Within ten years of my native country’s independence, tries—Morocco and Tunisia. We Jews from the Arab world picked up the I could not vote, hold public office, serve in the army, pieces of our shattered lives after our hurried obtain a passport, purchase new property, acquire ma- We were once vibrant communities in Aden, Algeria, departures — in the wake of intimidation, vio- jority ownership in any new business, or participate in Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Yemen, and other nations, with lence, and discrimination — and moved on. the supervision of our community’s affairs. roots dating back literally 2,000 years and more. Now we are next to none. Most of us went to Israel, where we were wel- By June 1967 comed. The years following our arrival weren’t the die was cast. Why does no one always easy — we started at the bottom and had Those of us who speak of us and our to work our way up. We came with varying levels had remained, I AM A FORGOTTEN JEW. story? Why does the of education and little in the way of tangible as- hoping against world relentlessly, sets. But we had something more to sustain us hope that things obsessively speak of through the difficult process of adjustment and would improve in a land to which we were deeply at- the Palestinian refugees from the 1948 and 1967 wars acculturation: our immeasurable pride as Jews, tached and which, at times, had been good to us, had no in the Middle East — who, not unimportantly, were dis- our deeply rooted faith, our cherished rabbis choice but to flee. The Six-Day War created an explosive placed by wars launched by their own Arab brethren and customs, and our commitment to Israel’s atmosphere in the streets. Eighteen Jews were killed, — but totally ignore the Jewish refugees from the 1948 survival and well-being. and Jewish-owned homes and shops were burned to and 1967 wars? the ground. Some of us — somewhere between one-fourth Why is the world left with the impression that there’s and one-third of the total — chose to go else- I and 4,000 other Jews left however we could, most of only one refugee population from the Arab-Israeli con- where. us with no more than a suitcase and the equivalent of flict, or, more precisely, the Arab conflict with Israel, a few dollars. when, in fact, there are two refugee populations, and Jews from the French-speaking Arab countries our numbers were somewhat larger than the Palestin- gravitated toward France and Quebec. Jews I was never allowed to return. I never recovered the as- ians? from Libya created communities in Rome and sets I had left behind in Libya, despite promises by the Milan. Egyptian and Lebanese Jews were sprin- government. In effect, it was all stolen — the homes, I’ve spent many sleepless nights trying to understand kled throughout Europe and North America, and furniture, shops, communal institutions, you name it. this injustice. a few resettled in Brazil. Syrian Jews immigrat- Still worse, I was never able to visit the grave sites of ed to the United States, especially New York, as my relatives. That hurt especially deeply. In fact, I was Should I blame myself? well as to Mexico City and Panama City. And on told that, under Colonel Qaddhafi, who seized power in it went. 1969, the Jewish cemeteries were bulldozed and the Perhaps we Jews from Arab countries accepted our headstones used for road building. fate too passively. Perhaps we failed to seize the oppor- Wherever we settled, we put our shoulder to the tunity to tell our story. Look at the Jews of Europe. They wheel and created new lives. We learned the lo- I am a forgotten Jew. turned to articles, books, poems, plays, paintings, and cal language if we didn’t already know it, found film to recount their story. They depicted the periods jobs, sent our children to school, and, as soon My experience — the good and the bad — lives on in my of joy and the periods of tragedy, and they did it in a as we could, built our own congregations to pre-

47 – alongside the Hebrew University and a thriving hi-tech ecosystem; the Western Wall and the holy sites – minutes from the bustling Mahane Yehuda market, the Israel Museum, the Jerusalem Payis Arena and Teddy Stadium; the newly reinvigorated Park HaMesila along the old Ottoman train tracks and Gazelle Valley nature reserve – that stretch alongside Israel’s first light rail line. Old and new, holy and secular, natural sites and technological wonders sit side by side in the city of Jerusalem. For me, to be a Jerusalemite is to march in the City of David where kings and prophets walked. To buy fruits and vegetables in the colorful Machane Yehuda market during the day and to enjoy the vibrant scene that comes to life there at night. To run the breathtaking Jerusalem Marathon alongside the walls of the Old City. To be with tens of thousands of fellow Jews at the Western Wall for the priestly blessing of the kohanim. To drive with Mobileye founders Ziv Aviram and Amnon Shashua in the autonomous cars that will first travel Jerusalem’s streets and then spread to the corners of the globe. To work with Beit Hanina community leaders to build the neighborhood’s future. These are unique Jerusalem experiences that cannot be found in any other place in the world. The heart of the city center is beating once again. Nature reserves JERUSALEM AT 50: and new parks have been opened. NIR Neighborhood A 2,000 - year-old dream BARKAT infrastructures have been rejuvenated and reconfigured to adapt to the needs of the 21st I was seven years old when the Six Day War broke out in century. At the entrance to the city, we are building Proud to 1967. My family and I lived in Jerusalem, a few hundred the largest business district in the country, providing meters from the no man’s land between Jordanian and employment and livelihood for tens of thousands Israeli territory that divided the city. The State of Israel of people – and these are just glimpses into the was preparing for an imminent onslaught. As a little revolution taking place in Jerusalem. Jerusalem, support the boy, I remember helping soldiers dig trenches in our with its unique human mosaic, is the largest and yard and hiding with my brothers under our beds when most diverse city in Israel. It has a place for hi-tech the war began. For days, our streets were bombed and entrepreneurs, innovative artists, groundbreaking our neighbors were wounded. Until suddenly the war educators and billions of people around the globe Anglo-Israel Association was over. My family and I went out to walk the streets who look to Jerusalem as a center of creativity and of our newly reunited city. I saw the adults around me inspiration. As a lifelong Jerusalemite, I have seen crying. As a child, I couldn’t understand. Only years the city grow and prosper in the past fifty years. I have later did I realize the source of that outpouring of cazenovecapital.com witnessed the rebirth of an ancient city, the heart and emotion. In that moment, we fulfilled a 2,000 year old soul of the Jewish people. We are all shareholders dream. We returned to the roots of our history: the of the city of Jerusalem, the capital of Israel. We City of David, the Temple Mount, the Mount of Olives are all shareholders in this renaissance. Next year and the Western Wall. We united east and west, north in Jerusalem! — Nir Barkat is mayor of Jerusalem. Issued by Cazenove Capital, which is a trading name of Schroder & Co. Limited. and south. Jerusalem’s unity has strengthened us all. You can follow him on Twitter, @NirBarkat Registered office at 31 Gresham Street, London EC2V 7QA. Registered number Jerusalem today is the crossroads of the modern and 2280926 England. Authorised by the Prudential Regulation Authority and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority and the Prudential Regulation Authority. For ancient: the City of David and the Western Wall Tunnels your security, communications may be recorded and monitored. I17036. 49

J17036_AIA_proud to support_235x175_v2.indd 1 10/23/2017 1:07:36 PM Palestinian Authority textbooks teach pupils to be expendable ‘MARTYRS’

he latest Palestinian Authority elementary The study further found school textbooks are even more radical than that the struggle against previous editions, according to a report just is- Israel and its disappear- sued by the Institute for Monitoring Peace and ance were main themes in the TCultural Tolerance in School Education. schoolbooks. The report was based on examination of elementary- A political map in a third-grade school grades one through four and high-school grades textbook shows Palestine in the en- 11 and 12 of the 2016-2017 PA’s educational curriculum. tire territory of Israel. While neigh- The new textbooks showed deterioration in messages of boring Arab countries are shown, tolerance and peace compared to previous editions. Israel is not depicted. The pupils are asked to look at the map to find Ra- They teach pupils to become expendable martyrs and re- mallah and four other cities. The map ject negotiations, while demonizing and denying the exis- includes many Israeli cities with their tence of the State of Israel. names changed to Arabic, including Tel Aviv, which is called Tal al-Rabi “Despite assurances from the PA Education Ministry, (Mound of Spring). these new books are actually more radical than we have previously seen,” IMPACT-se CEO Marcus Sheff said of “The most troubling aspects of this the findings. curriculum involve the attitude of PA/ “There is clear evidence of a strategy of radicalization of PLO/Fatah authorities toward the six- “The strategy of violence and pressure young Palestinians, devised and implemented by the min- to 10-year-old children who are con- [in place of negotiations] is advocated as istry, which includes a commitment to an Arab Palestine sidered to be expendable; and the in- the most effective action to achieve Pal- encompassing the entirety of Israel.” doctrination of these youth to the idea estinian goals,” the report stated. that all of Israel belongs to Palestine IMPACT-se is a research center that analyzes school- and all Israelis are evil,” the report Furthermore, the findings indicated that books and curricula for compliance with UNESCO-de- stated. within the higher-grade textbooks there fined standards on peace and tolerance. remained an “absolute lack of empathy The study did find some positive notes for the ‘other’ nor any comprehension “The strategy It was founded in 1998 and is based in Jerusalem. The in the curriculum for elementary or explanation of the root causes of the study, conducted by Dr. Eldad Pardo of the Hebrew Uni- school pupils, including that national conflict between Palestinians and Is- of violence and versity of Jerusalem, focused on 45 textbooks and teach- institutions and authorities should be raelis.” er’s guides published in 2016. respected and that Islam is not to be used as a radical political tool. As such, the report concluded that pressure is The report provides numerous examples of radicalization. the curriculum does not meet the One third-grade textbook encourages children to become Furthermore, traditional gender roles UNESCO-derived standards of advocated as the “martyrs” by using an illustration of pupils in the class- are maintained by girls and boys, who peace and tolerance in educa- room looking at their friend’s empty desk, with a sign that are not depicted as segregated, and tion. reads: “The Martyr.” veiling is accepted but not specifically most effective encouraged. Another example, from a fourth grade math textbook, action to achieve asks pupils to compute how many martyrs died in the Christianity is included in the elemen- two intifadas combined. The question is accompanied by tary school curriculum, though nega- Palestinian goals,” a photograph of a funeral procession featuring coffins tive messages about non-Muslims pre- draped in the Palestinian flag. vail and Jewish roots and connections to the land are entirely omitted.

51 The 70km trail will cross the Eastern Galilee, and one of the initiators of the idea. “The establishment of the trail and walking on it will Galilee and interface with an connect those who live here today with the atmosphere innovative augmented reality- and frame of mind of that period,” Amitzur continued. “In walking along the Galilee trails while using the application based app to bring history that will be developed specifically for this project, the trail will afford visitors a learning experience about the alive for hikers of all ages. Mishnah and Talmud period and connect them to the world of the sages who shaped Judaism in the religious houses of learning.” Israel’s first “smart” hiking trail, under construction between Tiberias and Beit The family-friendly Sanhedrin Trail is to be divided into She’arim National Park in the Lower Galilee, five segments that can be covered during the course of will bring hikers back in history to the Second five days of walking, and also will include circular routes. Temple period more than 2,000 years ago, when Work on the first section of the trail began this March the Great Sanhedrin — the supreme Jewish with the help of volunteers and thousands of high school authority of sages – was active in this region. students from the National Religious school system of the Ministry of Education. Hikers will have access to an innovative augmented SANHEDRIN TRAIL reality-based smartphone application that will “We learn a lot in the classroom and at school, but in virtually reconstruct heritage sites, integrate practice the studies only really sink in when you feel it, TO BE ISRAEL’S virtual guides for children along the route and when you walk it,” said Tal Dothan, one of the students bring to life prominent scholars such as the four participating in the Sanhedrin Trail work. rabbis mentioned in the Passover Haggadah. INTERACTIVE In preparation for the Tiberias section of the Sanhedrin Due to be completed in spring 2018, the Trail, the teens have been taking part in archaeological HIKING trail marks three important “70s.” It will be excavations along the cardo, the main street of the ancient inaugurated for the State of Israel’s 70th Roman city of Tiberias on the Sea of Galilee. PATH anniversary, will stretch 70 kilometers, and will pass sites associated with the 70 members of A visitors’ center will be built here to give the public the Great Sanhedrin. These scholars recorded an opportunity to better understand the project and the Mishnah and Talmud during their 290 years participate in the excavations while getting to know the in the Galilee following the Bar Kokhba revolt city’s ancient heritage. against Rome in 135 CE. The Great Sanhedrin originally sat on Jerusalem’s Temple Mount. Israel Hasson, director of the Israel Antiquities Authority, said he will work with regional councils through which The Sanhedrin Trail will cross the Lower Galilee the trail passes to get local residents involved in building by way of many historic sites, such as the Roman “a spectacular and enjoyable interactive trail for tens of theater of Tiberias shown here. Photo courtesy thousands of hikers that will connect the hikers to their of Israel Antiquities Authority past.”

“People such as Rabbi Akiva and Rabbi Yehuda The Sanhedrin Trail was initiated by the Israel Antiquities HaNasi, the members of the Sanhedrin who Authority in cooperation with the National Religious were active here 2,000 years ago, determined Education Administration of the Ministry of Education, to a great extent much of how our lives are and is financed by the Landmarks Project of the Ministry run today. It is according to these religious of Jerusalem and Heritage. Regional councils and towns laws that we marry or conduct funeral along the route, as well as environmental organizations, ceremonies, and even administer are partnering in the effort as well. Jewish law,” said Yair Amitzur, the Israel Antiquities Authority’s antiquities inspector for the

53 Often those in trauma aren’t hurt but have witnessed or his method and returned this summer to train first-re- otherwise been involved in a frightening situation. sponse trainers.

But even injured people in psychological trauma can be He went to Argentina twice to train firefighters, and has given small decisions in order to feel in control, says taught his method in Haiti and in Germany as a member Farchi. They can be offered a drink of water or asked to of Natan’s psychosocial team. direct first-responders where to stand, for instance. All Israeli first responders are now learning the method, The success of the Six Cs model has been documented. and the Education Ministry will start training high school For example, in the summer of 2014, residents of an Is- students in Farchi’s method too. “I hope in the next two raeli town on the Gaza border who were traumatized by or three years the whole population will know how to do rocket fire did not develop post-traumatic stress disor- this,” he says. Training takes only a couple of hours. der because they had been treated on the scene accord- ing to Farchi’s protocol. Family therapist and EMT Miriam Ballin, director of the The scientific underpinning of this approach is dozens United Hatzalah Psychotrauma and Crisis Response of studies demonstrating that the brain’s centre of emo- Unit, says that previously, training for the two-year-old tions, the amygdala, has a seesaw relationship with the voluntary unit’s 150 mental-health workers and brain’s centre of logical actions, the prefrontal cortex. 150 medics was based on World Health Or- ganization (WHO) psychological first-aid “Activating the amygdala by calming the person emo- protocols. tionally causes the prefrontal cortex to decrease its function, and vice versa,” says Farchi. “We need to re- “We are happy to collaborate with Dr. duce the dominance of the amygdala, so actually we Farchi through the Health Minis- Israeli trauma expert Moshe Farchi working should speak cognitively rather than emotionally.” try to implement his protocol and with children affected by the 2013 typhoon we hope it will allow us to give a in the Philippines. Emotional communication (“Of course you’re scared”) whole other level of care to the only reinforces the person’s feeling of helplessness, patients we meet in distress- while cognitive communication shifts attention from ing circumstances,” says emotions to actions. Ballin.

Israel’s radical “Instead of stabilizing the feeling of being scared, we She got an opportuni- activate the person. We might say, ‘Tell me how many ty to use the Six Cs new approach to people are around you. Can you count them? How many method not long af- people are lying down?’ It takes about 90 seconds to terward as part of shift the person from passiveness to a person who can her team’s work psychological first aid be helpful to himself and others,” says Farchi. with Houston flood victims Since 2013, Farchi’s Six Cs model has been taught to in August Trauma expert Moshe tive approach recently was adopted chological first-aid model based on every IDF soldier. In November 2013, Farchi led a dele- 2017. Farchi’s model stresses as the Israel Health Ministry’s na- the latest science and easily imple- gation from his program at Tel-Hai College to work with the importance of cognitive tional model for psychological first mented by anyone on the scene, victims of the Philippines typhoon in coordination aid. not only by mental-health profes- with Israeli humanitarian organizations Brit communication to shift sionals who aren’t as likely to be Olam and Natan. “We al- immediate attention from Farchi is head of Stress, Trauma & available immediately. ways like to emotions to actions. Resilience Studies at Tel-Hai Col- “People going through a traumatic event are very advance our lege, and is teaching and using his “I wanted to provide something the confused and cannot synchronize the event in log- skill sets. We By Abigail Klein Leichman method in several other countries whole community could do,” Farchi ical order, and that means the endpoint of the event meet people on as well. explains. is also not synchronized,” says Farchi, who volunteers the worst day of for the Golan Search and Rescue Unit in Israel. their lives and want While serving as a reserve men- The program he devised centres on to do all we can to When dealing with someone in tal-health officer in the Israel De- six Cs: cognitive communication, “Subjectively that means the incident doesn’t end and ease them through that psychological trauma, most people fence Forces over the past decade, challenge, control, commitment that’s why we have flashbacks. A couple of studies crisis period,” instinctively hold, calm and soothe Farchi noticed that the approaches and continuity. showed that the window of opportunity to resynchronize the person. used to help traumatized soldiers the events is no more than six hours before the memo- in the field simply weren’t effec- The Six Cs model calls for acti- ry is stabilized. That’s why we should assist the person That may be well-intentioned but tive. Then he began seeing new re- vating the traumatized person to synchronize the event and emphasize that the major it’s not helpful, according to clinical search showing the scientific rea- mentally and physically. Activat- threat is over.” social worker and volunteer medic sons for that failure. ing might mean assigning a task, Moshe Farchi, whose counterintui- asking the person to take a walk After a suicide bombing last May in Manchester, Farchi He determined to create a new psy- or giving them decisions to make. immediately flew over to teach community members

55 INNOVIZ humans. That would take a fleet of 100 cars running Autotalks is currently promoting its B2V (bike-to-vehi- non-stop over 500 years. Cognata uses artificial intel- cle) chipsets connecting people-driven cars and motor- Haven’t heard of LiDAR ligence, deep learning and computer vision to simulate cycles, but it’s applicable for autonomous vehicles as israeli INNOVATIONS yet? You will soon; it’s a key real cities in 3D. well. Autotalks is part of an emerging vehicle-to-vehi- component enabling au- cle standard in the US that would mandate the tech- tonomous driving. An ac- For San Francisco, Cognata’s first virtual city, the com- nology by 2021, and is opening three new sites — two ronym for “light detection pany mapped every building and tree along with traffic in Japan and a third in South Korea — to provide close and ranging,” LiDAR uses laser beams to measure dis- models to study how autonomous vehicles drive and local support to Asian car manufacturers and automo- 10 OF THE HOTTEST tance. It’s what allows self-driving cars to “see.” react. “We can drive millions of miles in a few hours,” tive Tier-1 suppliers. InnovizOne automotive-grade LiDAR device offers Cognata CEO Danny Atsmon says.

SELF-DRIVING ORYX VISION GUARDIAN OPTICAL TECHNOLOGIES

TECHNOLOGIES This Petah Tikva start-up tackles the same problem Your autonomous taxi or ride-share has no driver to tell as Innoviz – sensors to help autonomous cars “see” – you how many passengers can jump in the back seat or FROM ISRAEL but does it using micro-antennas to detect light waves to remind you to buckle your seatbelt. Guardian Optical rather than LiDAR. The technology splits the difference Technologies’ sensor scans the cabin for movement, between existing systems. distinguishing between still objects and people by look- ing for the presence of a beating heart. Israel’s high-tech expertise is a perfect fit for Like LiDAR, it uses a laser to illuminate the road ahead, automakers building the systems that will but as with traditional radar, it treats the reflected sig- Guardian’s system replaces existing solutions, such put self-driving cars on the road safely and nals as electro-magnetic waves. Oryx claims its system as seat-pressure monitors and seatbelt-tension de- securely. The Innoviz team. works better in bad weather, can see farther than Li- tectors, bringing down costs and boosting simplicity of high-definition 3D scanning, while InnovizPro is de- DAR, uses much less energy, and brings costs down installation. Guardian’s sensors can even remind you if By Brian Blum signed for testing self-driving cars. Innoviz’s proprietary even further. you’ve left something behind – whether that’s a purse sensing solutions will be integrated into UK-based Del- or an infant. phi Automotive’s systems to provide automakers with “Autonomous vehicles need much more powerful a comprehensive portfolio of autonomous driving tech- depth-sensing capabilities than what was originally ARGUS CYBER SECURITY AND KARAMBA nologies. thought; existing technologies simply cannot deliver SECURITY them,” Oryx CEO Rani Wellingstein told Geektime. The company was founded in 2016 by former IDF mem- bers with experience in electro-optics, computer vision On August 8, Oryx announced the closing of a $50M Se- and signal processing. ries B funding round.

COGNATA AUTOTALKS

Autonomous driving image by Chombosan/Shutterstock.com

Here are our picks for the 10 hottest Israeli companies Argus Security system’s dashboard. offering autonomous driving technology.

MOBILEYE “The future will be less about traffic accidents and more about hacks,” says Ofer Ben-Noon, CEO of Argus Cyber Security. Both Argus and competing Israeli start- The Jerusalem-based company that’s made its mark up Karamba aim to keep today’s connected cars and with an annoying beep whenever you get too close to tomorrow’s autonomous vehicles safe from the possi- another car or change lanes without signaling was Cognata has technologies for testing autonomous Autotalks is enabling wireless communication between bility that someone with ill intent could take control. bought earlier this year by Intel for $15 billion. The rea- vehicles virtually. vehicles that cannot see one another. son: to turn Intel into a player in the autonomous driv- Argus, the bigger of the two, works with car manufac- ing space. If InnovizPro makes it easier to test autonomous vehi- For all the advanced technology in self-driving cars, cles in the real world, Ness Tziona-based Cognata does they still can’t see around corners. That boosts the po- turers and equipment providers to embed its security into the car’s systems. Karamba focuses on securing Mobileye makes integrated cameras, chips and soft- the same in the virtual world. tential for collision between two autonomous vehicles. the car’s most vulnerable points of entry for hackers: ware for driver-assist systems – the building blocks for Autotalks has a solution. the infotainment centre and the systems that keep it self-driving cars. Intel Chief Executive Brian Krzanich Cognata CEO Danny Atsmon. immobilized until being unlocked. Argus covers these said the acquisition was akin to merging the “eyes of Two vehicles with an Autotalks unit installed can com- two systems and adds telematics units, in-vehicle net- the autonomous car with the intelligent brain that actu- The Rand Corporation reports municate with each other regardless of visibility. Auto- works and aftermarket devices. ally drives the car.” that autonomous cars will need talks can predict what will happen in the next five to 10 some 11 billion miles of testing to seconds, allowing enough time for a course correction, In June, Argus was named to The Wall Street Journal’s prove they’re better at driving than Autotalks CEO Hagai Zyss explains. Top 25 Technology Companies to Watch.

57 OTONOMO IVO

IVO robotic chauffeur installed on a golf cart.

The Reuben Foundation

Otonomo’s team in Herzliya Pituah. Theis Reubenproud t Foundationo support You might not think of your car as a computer, but that’s You’re hankering for a self-driving vehicle, but you al- what it has become. And just as computers generate ready own a car. It’s IVO to the rescue. IVO (“intelligent data about what their users are doing, so do connected vehicle operator”) is a robotic chauffeur that can be cars, from fuel level to tire pressure, speed, trip dura- placed in the driver’s seat of any car. IVO uses a handful is proud to support tion and number of passengers. As autonomous driving of cameras, sensors and mechanical devices to depress The Anglo-Israel Association becomes a reality, the amount of data will only increase. the brakes and turn the steering wheel. Sophisticated algorithms make up for the relatively simple sensors. Otonomo is doing for car-created data what Google did for search results. The company has developed an eco- And it’s inexpensive – just $1,600 today with prices ex- The Anglo-Israel Association system for sharing driving information with third par- pected to fall if IVO is manufactured at scale. That’s a and wishes everyone a ties — insurance companies, fleet managers and car big if: IVO is still a prototype being built in a robotics lab manufacturers. One goal is to use this data to improve at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. But project head future autonomous offerings. Oded Yechiel is bullish on the IVO opportunity, which and wishes everyone a successful means “you can still utilize the fleet of worldwide cars,” successful 67th Annual Dinner he told the Live Science website.” IVO weighs 33 pounds GETT and can be carried in a suitcase.

If you’re in New York, Russia, the UK or Israel and you 68th Annual Dinner need a taxi (a real one, not an Uber), you can summon one on your smartphone via Gett. While “Gett is not an autonomous vehicle tech company per se, it is, along with Mobileye and Waze, one of the most important new mobility companies in Israel,” says investor Mike Granoff. (Granoff’s new Maniv Mobility, the first Israeli venture fund dedicated to mobility tech, recently raised its first $40 million.)

Gett certainly has a stake in the evolving self-driving car space – when taxis go autonomous, Gett plans to be there and the user preference data it’s amassed may give it an edge over traditional taxi services. Gett raised $300 million from Volkswagen last year and paid $200 million in April 2017 to buy rival Juno.

59 at QinFlow, short for Quality in Flow, the company the Portable solution ISRAELI PATCH SAVES “We asked Dr. Topaz to join us for the surgery because partners established in 2008. we wanted to see if his invention would nurture the ba- “In an environment BABY BORN WITH by’s skin to close by itself. It worked! We are delighted Temperature management is a key component in saving where every second and optimistic that future surgery won’t be necessary,” victims of trauma, Katz explains. counts, a product that INTESTINES OUTSIDE said Arbell. is operated with just Life-threatening hypothermia — when body tempera- one on/off button, “We are known for being willing to try to save babies ture drops below 35 degrees Celsius (95 degrees Fahr- warms fluids in sec- BODY whom some think are best aborted,” he added. “Hence, enheit) — occurs in up to 67 per cent of trauma patients onds, and doesn’t need we get three to five babies a year with serious disorders because of the loss of blood, regardless of outdoor tem- calibration or intense training, spare parts or mainte- Ibtihaj (Arabic for ‘Joy’) was the first infant to like this one. We’ll be further pioneering the use of this perature. It must be treated quickly with fluids warmed nance, and still delivers very high performance is some- receive a plastic-surgery patch invented in terrific Israeli invention.” to body temperature. However, blood is commonly thing that emergency-care professionals appreciate Israel. She’s expected to have a full, normal stored at 4C (40F). very much,” Katz explains. life. The baby remained in the hospital for three weeks of intensive care and is expected to have a full and healthy QinFlow’s Warrior Modular System was introduced in Dr. Danny Epstein, an internal medicine physician at By Abigail Klein Leichman life. early 2014 as the only portable solution for warming flu- Rambam Health Care Campus in Haifa, used the War- ids from near-zero Celsius (about 32F) in extreme con- rior in his work at the IDF field hospital set up in Nepal ditions to body temperature within 11 seconds, at any following the 2015 earthquake. “All trauma patients who Ahmed and Tamam, a couple from the Arab village of flow rate. The system is said to deliver three to five times lose a lot of blood become hypothermic” he explains Kfar Kassam 12 miles east of Tel Aviv, named their baby the amount of warmed fluids per single battery than any “and when that happens it harms the coagulation pro- girl Ibtihaj (Joy) and it’s not hard to understand why. alternative device. cess and they bleed more and become more hypother- mic. It’s a vicious cycle.” Ibtihaj was born with a rare defect, omphalocele, in The Israel Export Institute and International Coopera- which the intestines and sometimes other organs de- tion Institute included QinFlow among 60 of Israel’s best “The temperature of the fluids and blood products is velop outside the abdomen in a sac. The condition was medical devices and healthcare IT technologies to dis- therefore very important. In the pre-hospital scenario noticed on a prenatal ultrasound and their local doctor play at the international Medica Conference in Dussel- only a few devices can warm fluids and blood but as far advised them to have an abortion. dorf in November 2016. as I know this is the only one that can warm cold blood in a few seconds, so it gives a great advantage,” Epstein “We were devastated,” said Ahmed. “The doctors we says. “It’s very simple to use, and can be transported in saw in other big centres also recommended an abor- the ambulance or helicopter.” tion. While we were absorbing this news, we happened Ahmed holding his baby, Ibtihaj, after her lifesaving to see a TV program about a baby with a similar prob- surgery in Jerusalem using a surgical patch invented in Katz adds that existing pre-hospital blood and IV fluid lem who had been saved at Hadassah Hospital. We Israel for battlefield use. warmers have difficulty performing in temperatures drove to Jerusalem. Dr. Dan Arbell, a paediatric sur- below 20C/68F, especially at intense flow-rate require- geon, showed us photos of children with worse condi- ments. tions who were now preteens and doing fine. It turns out that our baby was not in such desperate straits as Hospital devices for warming fluids are often complex the doctors had said. He gave us hope.” TREATING to set up, require up to seven minutes of warm-up, and aren’t portable enough to follow the patient from one A month before Tamam was due to give birth, they came LIFE-THREATENING hospital emergency setting to another. for a check-up at Hadassah’s Ein Karem campus. At the exam, the staff determined that the baby needed to be HYPOTHERMIA JUST “These shortfalls have lethal implications for trauma delivered immediately. QinFlow’s Ariel Katz demonstrating the fluid-warming patients,” says CEO Dov Nachshon, noting that the com- device at the Medica Conference in Dusseldorf in No- pact Warrior can be mounted on a pole, rail or stretcher. Only 17 hours after her birth, she underwent surgery GOT EASIER vember 2016. during which Arbell and his team put the organs back “Even though they have other solutions available, hospi- in place. They had done this type of procedure before QinFlow’s portable fluid warmer is uniquely Also capable of operating on AC power, the Warrior is tals prefer to use our system for its immediacy, simplic- but this time they closed the wound with TopClosure lightweight, maintenance-free and designed uniquely lightweight, maintenance-free and designed ity and portability,” Nachshon says. Tension Relief System, a patch invented in Israel origi- to go from point of care to hospital room. to go from point of injury to emergency room to trauma nally for wounded soldiers on the battlefield. unit to operating room to intensive care unit. QinFlow is based on Kibbutz Einat and the units are By Abigail Klein Leichman manufactured partly on the kibbutz and partly by a sub- “The real challenge is the two-inch hole in the abdo- That’s why not only search-and-rescue and transport contractor in northern Israel. men,” said Arbell. “Sometimes the hole can’t be closed units are buying this Israeli device, but also many hospi- at the time of the initial surgery, and frequently numer- After years of carrying 26-pound batteries on their tals eager to provide a continuum of care. The company’s advisory board includes Dr Eilat Shinar, ous surgeries are required. We decided to make use backs to power blood-warming equipment for injured director of National Blood Services for Magen David of a plastic surgery patch called TopClosure invented soldiers, two Israel Defence Forces paramedics inde- The Warrior is available through distributors across Adom (Israel’s national emergency response network); in Israel by Israeli surgeon Dr. Moris Topaz, but never pendently vowed to invent a better solution. most of Europe. And after getting US Food and Drug Dr Uri Martinowitz, director of the National Hemophilia used on a new-born.” Administration (FDA) approval in the fall of 2016, the Center at Sheba Medical Centre, Israel; and three retired They happened to meet eight years ago and began col- company is fulfilling requests for evaluation units at 15 US army colonels who are trauma specialist physicians. TopClosure stretches out the skin around the wound to laborating on a technological breakthrough for utmost level-one trauma centers, EMS and helicopter EMS or- avoid the need for skin grafts, and enables the wound to efficiency in warming blood and IV fluids, according to ganizations, and the US military. heal in an aesthetic and healthy fashion. Ariel Katz, executive director for commercial affairs

61 everyday activities; and expressing emotions. using audible alerts to prompt each action. Shapira surprised the audience by announcing his SOLDIERS CREATE commitment to invest ₪25,000 in “Together,” an app “It’s difficult for autistic children to decipher social “For example, brushing teeth is broken down into small that would help teachers keep closer tabs on groups TECH TOOLS FOR situations and decide how to react. We can show them a actions like opening the toothpaste tube. As the person of children. The organization is seeking entrepreneurs picture of a smiling or an angry face but they don’t know gets used to performing each action independently, the willing to invest in the other projects as well. how to relate the situation to the facial expression and list gets shorter,” Avraham says PEOPLE ON AUTISM have to learn how to do it,” Sarah explains. Music can help many people on the autism spectrum SPECTRUM Sarah and Avraham’s team designed a prototype relax and communicate, but motor limitations often THE COOLEST Emotion to Expression (e2e) app based on research prevent them from using standard musical instruments. Current and former members of an Israel that autistic children can be trained to imitate facial One of the hackathon teams devised Music Motion, an Air Force tech unit participate in unique expressions conveying happiness, surprise, fear, on-screen musical instrument that enables the user PLAYGROUND ON hackathon to overcome challenges posed disgust, anger and sadness. to produce a melody with simple body motions, select by autism. background rhythms and see a visual component that THE PLANET IS ALSO translates into moving coloured circles.

By Abigail Klein Leichman EDUCATIONAL SciencePlay interactive high-tech playgrounds from Israel bring science to kids in an outdoor setting with a fundamental focus on fun.

By Abigail Klein Leichman

The e2e app trains people to make appropriate facial expressions by mimicking their own faces. Photo courtesy of ALUT Daniel, 9, testing the music maker with two developer volunteers at the Ofek-ALUT hackathon in Tel Aviv. Hackers from the Ofek unit of the Air Force to design However, Avraham explains, “They don’t simply see Photo courtesy of ALUT apps to solve challenges of people on the autism the behaviour and copy-paste to themselves. Changing spectrum. Photo courtesy of ALUT something from the inside is much harder.” Solutions for better non-verbal communication, diagnostics, group management and coordination Sarah and Avraham (not their real names) juggle Based on conversations with people on the autism among therapists and caregivers were among the other high-tech careers with parenting an autistic child. It is spectrum, the team decided it would be more effective products proposed at the hackathon. never easy to find a babysitter for an evening out, let to have autistic people try to imitate their own faces. alone 24 hours away from home – but they managed to The app guides them interactively in identifying the “Ofek graduates are at the heart of Israeli high- The Pythagoras treadmill lets children experience participate in a recent overnight hackathon hosted at process of smiling step by step. Then they use the tech,” said Arkady Gurevich, chairman of the Ofek the Pythagorean Theorem of geometry through their the Tel Aviv offices of Playbuzz. phone’s camera to take their own picture. Alumni Association. “As soon as the association was own motions. Motion is converted into energy used to founded [in 2015], we decided to take the professional illuminate the structure. Photo courtesy of ABA Science “The hackathon tried to find solutions for the many “The software changes the face to make it smile and knowledge we had accumulated and return it to the challenges of autistic children,” explains Sarah. “Our tells him this is how he’s supposed to smile. Then it takes community in the form of a contribution to the third Play goal was to be a part of this miracle.” his picture smiling, and he gets instant feedback that sector. In this sector there are very large gaps in the scores him on how well he mimicked the expression,” field of technology compared to the business sector, Yossi De Levie had a vision for making playgrounds not The unusual tech marathon was a joint effort between says Sarah. “For those who have never smiled, this is and on the other hand they have the same needs.” only more fun and interactive but also more educational. the Israeli Air Force’s elite Ofek (Horizon) technology an amazing accomplishment!” unit and ALUT, the Israeli Association for Autistic ALUT was the alumni association’s first community The product of his vision, ABA SciencePlay, is a first- Children. Another challenge addressed at the hackathon was project partner. “We have succeeded in creating an in-class playground setup fusing outdoor activity with About 85 volunteers, including current and former voice modulation. People on the autism spectrum tend electrifying atmosphere for participants and mentors science, and engineering with games, to stimulate and members of the squad, gave up a night’s sleep to to speak robotically and loudly, inadvertently causing and we have shown the value of combining technology teach children — and their parents — anything from organize and participate in the event, whose purpose tension and confrontation, Sarah explains. with the third sector,” Gurevich said at the end of the recycling to astronomy to physics. was to design projects that could ease the lives hackathon. of autistic children, their families and therapists. In response, one of the hackathon teams designed a Take a ride on the Cockpit to learn about helicopter Sponsors included IBM, Dell EMC, Samsung NEXT, high-tech device that alerts the speaker to inappropriate Adding another layer of prestige to the event, the design. Create centrifugal force on a Spinning Universe. mPrest Systems and Interblog. patterns and allows him or her to adjust volume and panel of judges choosing the best projects from 12 Walk a Pythagoras Treadmill to understand the physics pitch. The idea is that the constant feedback will train teams included pioneering serial entrepreneur Yossi of triangles. Position sun-catching mirrors just the Months of brainstorming among Ofek graduates users to adjust without prompting. Vardi; former Apple Israel CEO Aharon Aharon, who right way to set miniature airplanes in motion on an and parents, counselors, professional therapists now heads the Israel Innovation Authority; and Amos apparatus called Flying High. and ALUT staff members identified challenges such Another project was a smart checklist that breaks Shapira, chairman of ALUT. as understanding social situations and choosing an down everyday tasks into ordered subcomponents, An interactive recycling centre senses children appropriate response; remembering how to accomplish

63 This Mobius bench (Photo courtesy of ABA Science) in the shape of the international recycling logo has only one side and one boundary component. Children slide balls along the bench and observe that a ball starting on the outer side will complete the circle on the inner side.

Play

MadaTech Chief Curator Tal Berman explains that the Haifa facility, Israel’s national museum of science, technology and space, has a couple of ABA SciencePlay modules among its in-house-designed interactive science exhibits set up in the museum’s outdoor Noble a whirlpool effect. Photo courtesy of ABA Science Play approaching and interacts with them using an audio Energy Science Park. device, prompting them to segregate trash into several Science Play is made mostly of metal materials, compartments and demonstrating how each type of “We’ve had it for about five years and it has been working designed for durability in any weather conditions and to material is readied for recycling. Photo courtesy of ABA beyond our expectations as a park, as a science park withstand attempted vandalism. The equipment takes and permanently blasted into cotton fibres using an Science Play and as a place that can entertain and educate many up 600 square meters (6,458 square feet) and costs environmentally friendly technique. visitors even on days we have thousands of guests and about $200,000. These and other sensory science activities are built into the indoor areas are full,” says Berman. “People rest, the equipment, which is manufactured in Ashkelon. Argaman Technologies’ machinery was custom designed enjoy and learn about science at the same time.” The company has five employees, aside from Each piece of apparatus features a button you can press for cavitating cotton with active copper oxide. Photo: manufacturing, and plans to build a sales force and to hear narration about what you’re experiencing. And courtesy The Cockpit simulates a helicopter’s flight. The child or maintenance staff abroad. it’s all powered by self-generated solar, wind and kinetic adult elevates the apparatus via a handheld pump, then Ninety-nine percent of bacteria and viruses are killed electricity. pedals to initiate propeller motion and control speed. within seconds of coming into contact with copper oxide, The energy generated by the manual work is converted and bacteria cannot become resistant to copper oxide as ABA Science Play started sales in Israel during 2016. Its to light up the structure. Photo courtesy of ABA unique equipment is installed in several municipal parks A COTTON THAT CAN they do to antibiotics, Gabbay explains. in Israel to make science accessible to the public. Some of the products also are found in two Israeli science KILL GERMS AND Hospital-acquired infections cost US hospitals about museums, Technoda in Hadera and MadaTech in Haifa. $25 billion annually. A trial by the US Centers for VIRUSES ON CONTACT Disease Control has recently been completed, checking Following CE approval, sales are now beginning in the effectiveness of CottonX sheets, pillowcases, and Europe, and ABA-USA is being established in the Jerusalem-based Argaman Technologies’ pyjamas to reduce hospital-acquired infections. Results will be published soon. United States with a target of reaching $37 million in bio-inhibitive cotton is being made into facial sales by 2020. By mid-2017, the company expects to receive certification from the International Playground masks, hotel linens, uniforms, active wear Equipment Manufacturers Association (IPEMA) ahead of and much more. US sales. By Abigail Klein Leichman “We’re now raising $400,000 to facilitate marketing and ABA Science Play is part of the Microdel private incubator sales abroad,” says inventor-entrepreneur De Levie, in Tel Aviv, which De Levie founded in 2004 to advance who named the company in memory of his father (“aba” Israeli startups in aquaculture, medical devices, and The constantly intensifying battle against viruses and in Hebrew). home, health and security consumer products. antibiotic-resistant “superbugs” isn’t only about finding “Ours are the first park-installed ‘classrooms’ offering stronger drugs against infection. The focus is moving to memorable hands-on lessons in the sciences,” Child’s play is nothing new to De Levie, who previously preventing infections in the first place. according to De Levie. “ABA Science Play is about doing founded a hydro-propulsion company with Israeli it rather than reading about it. It’s about collaborative industrialist Stef Wertheimer. For many years he That’s why large companies such as Carrefour and a learning via mental and physical challenges.” founded and ran Games & Sports, an Israeli and Far East luxury hotel chain are looking at unique germ-

European manufacturer of playground equipment that vanquishing textiles invented by Jerusalem’s Argaman CottonX is the first-ever bio-inhibitive 100% cotton. dominated more than half of the Israeli market. He sold Technologies and manufactured inside its custom-built Photo courtesy of Argaman the business to Gaon Holdings in 2002. factory. Technologies “Years later, Yossi came up with the idea of changing Carrefour Group, a French-based superstore chain with Face masks for China the concept of playgrounds, because for the past 30 12,000 retail stores in 30 countries, is testing Argaman’s years he’d seen the same stuff,” says Microdel CEO CottonX — billed as the world’s first bio-inhibitive 100 CopperX is being developed into Gabi Wolkinson. “His vision was to bring something percent cotton – in a line of uniforms dubbed “The reusable, comfortable face masks educational and interactive.” Uniform that Cares.” for the Greater China market,

where airborne pollution is a The Twister is a cycling apparatus attached to a 6-foot- Textile engineer Jeff Gabbay, founder and CEO of major problem, says Edwin Keh, tall water-filled cylinder. Cycling stirs the water to create Argaman and inventor of CottonX, explains in his factory, head of the Hong Kong Research enhanced copper-oxide particles are ultrasonically

65 Institute for Textiles and Apparel. CottonX healthcare socks for preventing athlete’s foot This government-run, non-profit applied research and diabetic foot ulcers will soon be launched. Cosmetic and commercialization centre was introduced to textiles — facial mask, pillowcase, gloves, socks and Argaman last year as the result of the industrial R&D scarf, each premium packaged with an all-natural bio- memorandum of understanding signed by Israel and inhibitive cream infused with accelerated copper oxide the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the – are being developed jointly with a US company headed People’s Republic of China Hong in February 2014. by a former L’Oréal and Revlon executive.

One of the largest garment manufacturers in the world, Argaman also is in discussions with a global fashion also based in Hong Kong, became a strategic investor in firm to create a new “lifestyle” brand of products. Argaman.

These masks kill, rather than filter, viruses and bacteria as they pass through. Photo courtesy of Argaman Technologies

In addition to the masks, Keh explains, his institute is testing the applicability of the self-sterilizing, hypoallergenic CottonX material in airline cabin interiors and in hotels. “Our intention is to license the Argaman technology and marry it with some manufacturing and processing technologies on this end to produce commercial-scale products – probably curtains, towels and bedding — to The Argaman Technologies team in its Jerusalem keep environments more hygienic.” factory. CEO Jeff Gabbay is fourth from right.

Edwin Keh, head of the Hong Still in the development stage at Argaman are garments Kong Research Institute for that can deliver transdermal chemotherapy or other Textiles and Apparel. Photo: pharmaceutical treatments and an optic-fibre- courtesy embedded material that could deliver phototherapy to SG_Ad_v02_PrintReady.pdf 1 07/11/2017 13:09 psoriasis patients or to jaundiced new-borns. Keh says he hopes to pursue collaborations with additional Argaman is a member of a new five-year consortium Israeli companies offering established in the Israel Innovation Authority’s MAGNET advanced technologies for program, which aims to unite technology and industrial the textile industry, especially companies with academic research institutes to develop in water management, spinning, dyeing, weaving and technologies for producing “smart” fabrics. cotton agriculture. “Not only are we built to take the concepts from academia “We want to make a success story out of our collaboration — plus a lot of our own ideas — to the level that industry with Argaman and we hope it will be the first of many,” needs but we also have the ability in-house to supply all says Keh. industrial members the understanding of the science, samples and industrial quantities of the new materials Fire-resistant, wrinkle-fighting should the concepts go commercial,” Gabbay says.

C Keh is also interested in some other properties of

M CottonX aside from germ control.

Y Embedding varying concentrations of copper dioxide also CM makes the fabric fire-resistant, electricity conductive

MY (potentially useful for medical monitoring and military

CY markets) and capable of banishing facial wrinkles and even cellulite. CMY

K “We know how much active ingredient we need in the fibres to be effective for different purposes, from banishing wrinkles to killing stubborn bacteria. By being able to control the active ingredient content we can assure completely consistent quality in everything we do,” says Gabbay.

67 their history; but what is certainly ed and in need of inspiration. It tions with both India and Israel glimpse into a different diplomatic true is that India and Israel have came in the form of the Jewish individually. On an economic level, future. found a lot of common ground in community. They proved to be an annual trade between Israel and A 21ST CENTURY their world views. inspiration to our community; like the UK exceeds $5bn; between the To celebrate Modi’s visit and the an infatuated younger sibling, UK and India it hovers around the twenty-fifth anniversary of diplo- The synergies of supply, demand where the Jewish community led, $14bn mark; both figures could matic relations between India and and political priorities are strik- we have followed. increase significantly. Similarly Israel, the Conservative Friends TRILATERAL ing. Both nations are conscious of of Israel and I hosted a lunch in Britain is home to large compa- regional pressures, and the need Many – if not most – of us rec- nies from both other nations. And, the House of Lords with the Indi- for a strong military presence. In- ognised that, like us, many of the as stated, Britain is home to large an High Commissioner (H.E. Y.K RELATIONSHIP? dia is Israel’s top destination for Jewish community arrived in this Diasporas from both nations. Sinha) and the Israeli Ambassador arms exports, buying 41 per cent country with nothing, and were (H.E. Mark Regev) to the United of defence exports between 2012 also the victims of prejudice. Yet What remains to be seen is if Brit- Kingdom. and 2016. Similarly Israel is In- the overwhelming majority of the ain can become a third-party in the dia’s third-largest source of arms Jewish community had succeeded maturing relationship between In- H.E. Y.K Sinha spoke of his hope at about 7%, after Russia and the in building a better life for them- dia and Israel. It is not inconceiv- for a ‘long and happy association’ USA, although Israel’s percentage selves and their family. The British able; after all Britain’s expertise with Israel and how, under the is likely to grow. Indian community have tried to in finance, defence and technology current Government, huge strides emulate the same successful for- could be very complimentary to had been made towards that goal. Both nations are home to some mula. the aims of both Modi’s and Net- In turn, H.E. Mark Regev spoke of of the leading hi tech companies anyahu’s Governments. the strong relationship in defence in the world. Israel is possibly the Over the past forty years it has be- and technology the two countries most advanced nation in the world come clear that there is much in Our three nations are united by share, as well as the future pos- for tech start-ups, and India is common between the British In- elements that are so often over- sibilities for trade and investment. keen to learn from their experi- dian and Jewish communities. We looked. Israel, India and Britain ences. Similarly Israel’s advances share the same values: aspiration, are three countries who are com- We were marking Modi’s visit, cel- in biomedical sciences, agritech, hard-work, a passionate belief in mitted to the values of democracy, ebrating the success of the three pharmaceuticals and renewable enterprise, a dedication to educa- freedom, and enterprise. These nations and their Diasporas in the energy all create space for collab- tion, the importance of faith, fam- are values that are to be cherished UK, but – most importantly - we oration and commercial activity. ily, philanthropy and community, and maintained, and we should were also planning our shared fu- and perhaps most importantly, the never take them for granted. We ture. Our three nations can be more There is also the difficult matters importance of integrating into wid- should also not lose sight of how prosperous, secure and influential of Islamic radicalism and terror- er society. many other countries fail to uphold if we work together. The 21st Cen- ism to consider. India and Israel these values. tury is crying out for leadership; an are both anxious of the threats We are now friends, neighbours, axis of power and influence that eopolitics in the 21st cen- prising that countries who former- they face; and the need to remain business-partners and confidants. What is currently missing is an ac- can see off the insurgency period tury is not easy to compre- ly eschewed partnerships are now secure without compromising the The blossoming of India-Israel re- knowledgement in Britain that the and bring stability to geopolitics. It hend. Gone are the days of finding themselves as partners on G very values that make both nations lations in recent years simply mir- burgeoning alliance is something will take many more lunches with the Cold War dividing lines; former the world stage. a target for the extremists in the rors a process that started in Brit- we should be involved in. Our poli- people more senior than I to make make-shift alliances have become first place. Counter-terrorism col- ain in the 1970s and continues to ticians are too distracted by unbur- it a reality, but I cannot deny that it frayed, and the global push for re- Perhaps the most significant ex- laboration is already well-estab- this day. We see the world in sim- dening ourselves from our recent is an attractive prospect. gional cooperation is struggling to ample is the blossoming friend- ship between India and Israel. A lished between the two countries, ilar ways, with similar priorities partnership to see the opportu- keep momentum. India, Israel and Britain side by quarter of a century ago, these but Modi’s visit also helped to pave and fears; it is perhaps unsurpris- nities available at the moment. side on the international stage. The 21st century has so far be- two nations didn’t even have for- the way for greater co-operation ing that we would end up as allies. Many of Britain’s political class Defenders of democracy; champi- longed to the insurgents. Presi- mal diplomatic relations with one on cyber security. are in danger of becoming tunnel ons of commerce and evangelists dent Trump, Brexit and Russian another, yet there is now a distinct A role for Britain? visioned; there is a world beyond for the power of entrepreneurship. aggression – led by President Pu- possibility that these two countries Born in North London Brexit and the European Union, the Britain’s role on the international Time will tell. But let us hope that tin – are the most obvious exam- will become a leading alliance only problem is that by the time we It is worth noting that this bur- stage is a regular topic of conver- in another twenty five years’ time ples, but across almost every con- around which other countries will start to see it, we’ll have missed geoning Israel-India relationship sation in Westminster. As we un- our three countries have inspired tinent old alliances are struggling gather in the coming decades. out on the opportunity to shape it. has a precedent. Here in Britain, shackle ourselves from our Euro- others to choose democracy, pros- as the world tries to adapt to new the British Indian community and pean Union commitments, there perity and collaboration. Too many challenges: globalisation, terror- An Historic Visit It started with a lunch the Jewish community have, since is a strong consensus that it is parts of the world are in danger of ism and migration on scales we’ve the 1970’s, lived cheek by jowl and important that Britain remains an Yet some of us have sensed the forgetting the lessons of the last never seen before. In early July India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi arrived in Tel Aviv helped to highlight the commonal- active player on the internation- opportunity Britain has to work century, that these pillars of soci- Nation states and national leaders for an historic visit. He was the ities in our cultures. al stage, with our impressive soft with India and Israel, and we have ety are the only way of creating a are looking around for answers, first ever Indian Prime Minister to power, historic relationships with started to lay the foundations for better world. When the British Indian commu- and – perhaps most importantly – visit Israel, and spoke of how India many nations – not least the Com- stronger collaboration. As Modi nity – particularly those of us who partners who share their concerns, and the Jewish state share a “deep monwealth – and our commitment undertook his visit in Jerusalem, were viciously evicted from East aspirations and philosophies. With and centuries-old” connection. to aid. a unique gathering in the Hous- Africa – arrived in Britain, we were this backdrop, it is perhaps unsur- That may be slightly overstating es of Parliament gave a possible By Lord Dolar Popat penniless, somewhat downheart- Britain already has strong rela-

69 A BRIDGE BETWEEN THE The Directors of Corob Group UK AND THE ISRAELI are pleased to support BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT The Anglo-Israel Association By Kush Boparai – Senior Trade Officer – Israeli Economic & Trade Mission in London

ur department at the Israeli Embassy in Lon- tinues to strengthen the business relations between don is a part of Israel’s Ministry of Economy the UK and Israel. The Israeli economy continues to Oand Industry and acts as a bridge between the go from strength to strength, a country that is less UK and Israeli business environment. than 70 years old has become a nation marked out as a beacon of innovation. We are proud of the strong I am happy to report that we have enjoyed a very busy relationship we have with the UK, a partnership that year in our department with UK advertising compa- this year (2017) surpassed the 5.7-billion-£ mark in nies, sports technology brands and major cyber se- bilateral trade. curity and medical delegations all going out to Israel with us to find the cutting edge solutions in Israel’s Just last year (2016), € 2.3 billion Euros in Israe- vibrant innovative atmosphere. We attempt to make li stocks were traded on the LSE. Earlier this year these delegations to Israel as vibrant as possible at the London stock exchange, we celebrated the and mix b2b business meetings with key companies launch of Israel’s largest ever issue of government from Israel’s start-up community and we often visit bonds in Europe, an offering worth € 2.25 billion accelerators and venture capitalists all over Israel. Euros. Such is the confidence in Israel’s economic We balance this with amazing evening networking potential, that the offer was oversubscribed by four events on rooftops all over Tel Aviv, so you can get a times. taste of the celebrated nightlife the city has to offer. Although the cherry on top is often spending the last The 30 Israeli companies listed on the LSE and the 4 afternoon of a 4-day delegation sampling some of in the ELITE LSE programme underline the impor- Israel’s best wines and then spending some quality tance of the UK market to the Israeli business com- time in the awe-inspiring Old City of Jerusalem. munity. As we approach the date of Brexit, we hope with the newly established UK-Israel trade working We have also been involved in the organisation of ma- group, the important relationship between our two jor events in London, starting with a Yom Haatzmaut countries will continue to grow in the years ahead. (Independence day) event in Central London in May. The much lauded inaugural Tel Aviv in London cul- We look forward to welcoming you to Israel soon. tural festival in September, which welcomed many Kush Boparai (Senior Trade Officer – Israeli Eco- chefs, musicians and artists from Tel Aviv to our city. nomic & Trade Mission in London) We have also been partnered with the Israeli finan- 1 Heath Street, Hampstead, London, NW3 6TP cial paper, Calcalist, helping in their Calcalist inno- We would welcome large UK companies to contact vation conference just a few weeks ago. The opening us directly. We can facilitate sourcing technology event was held with much razzmatazz overlooking solutions from Israel or even organise a delegation the glittering London skyline at the top of the Shard to see and experience the innovative environment tower in London Bridge. for yourself. It is co-operation in fields, such as fin-tech, cyber, new media, medical and energy technology that con-

71 The AIA Educational Trusts studies Naomi plans to go on to a postdoc and pursue that much more information may be obtained in 3D. MS MAAYAN RAVID Education report a career in academia. Her goal is to combine research Is at the University of Oxford for a full time DPhil with clinical work in the development of cognitive DR ERAN MELKMAN (PhD) in Criminology. Maayan’s research is based on By Linda Diamond assessment tools and rehabilitative treatments researching migrant treatment and ethnic conflict in following brain injury. Is a Post-Doctoral Researcher at the REES Centre in light of migration to Israel. This project follows her the Department of Education, University of Oxford. Dr work over a decade with Ethiopian Jewish Communities An investment in knowledge pays the best interest. MS YAEL DROR Melkman was originally only going to stay in Oxford alongside Sudanese and Eritrean asylum seekers and Benjamin Franklin for one year but his research is going so well that he Yael is at University of Oxford for a full time MPhil in with Israeli citizens in neighbourhoods affected by and his host Prof. Judy Sebba would like him to remain Law. Despite suffering from dyslexia and DD Yael has immigration. Her report on her first year shows she he Anglo Israel Association administers two another year. He expects to submit the first paper chosen law as her profession and graduated Summa has been very successful and alongside her research TTrusts – the Kenneth Lindsay Scholarship Trust based on his work in August but given the richness of cum Laude from the Ono Academic College in Israel. in Oxford she has been invited to share her work in commemorating a former director of the Association the data, he wishes to further analyse these datasets During her LL.B. studies, while trying to combine her several academic forums. Outside of her research which awards scholarships to Israeli students hence the wish for funds so that he may continue to passion for the law and her desire to put her abilities she co-convenes the Refugee and Migration Law wishing to study in UK Universities and the Wyndham stay in the UK. Professor Judy Sebba strongly supports to good use, she volunteered in many programmes discussion Group at the Law Faculty. Deedes Travel Scholarship Trust, named in honour his application saying that Eran’s work is making a which provided her both with professional experience of our founder, which provides scholarships for UK substantial contribution to the work of the centre and and a great sense of satisfaction. MISS TALIA AMIRA SHMOOL graduates to undertake research in Israel. to the research team. The focus of his research is on formulating procedures for ensuring the protection of Is at Wolfson College, University of Cambridge, for MR YEHUDA INBAR Sadly, anti-Israel sentiment in British Universities sexually abused children, and on ways to facilitate the a full time PHD in Chemical Engineering. Talia’s is growing. It is therefore even more important now Is a full-time student in the Royal Academy of Music substantiation of their allegations. PhD project aims to develop a better understanding for us to provide help to as many Israeli students as Master of Philosophy Programme. For the past 3 of structural changes occurring in the organic possible. The Israeli students who come to study in the years Yehuda has been studying piano performance in MARK MIRMELSTEIN amorphous formulations of drugs, with the goal of UK are first class and prove wonderful ambassadors the Royal Academy of Music. He has completed with improving their efficacy and stability for the benefit of Is at the University of Sussex for a full time PhD in for their country. It is extremely important that an distinction his M.Mus. and is currently completing the patients. The data she has acquired so far has been Astronomy. Mark has a B.Sc. and M.Sc. in Physics Israeli presence is maintained at British Universities. Academy’s prestigious Advance Diploma. He has been published in several conference abstracts and will be both from Tel Aviv University. His driving goal is to To continue offering these scholarships we now given one of the few places in the Academy’s Doctorate included in a paper that is currently in the works. help us understand why the universe exists, why it desperately need the help of our supporters. programme which commenced September 2017. has the properties it has, and what its eventual fate MISS STAV ZALEL will be. He has had a very successful first year. He has News of the Kenneth Lindsay scholarship has spread. MR SHLOMO ROITER JESNER Most UK universities now include details of the attended many training events aimed at improving Is at Imperial College for full-time PhD studies in Kenneth Lindsay scholarship on their website as does Studying at University of Cambridge for BA in Human, the research life of PhD students He has also studied Theoretical Physics. Stav was previously awarded KL the British Council in Tel Aviv. This has led to a growth Social and Political Sciences Tripos. Shlomo is several course modules at the University as part of the scholarships and now holds a Master’s Degree with in enquiries and we now receive nearly 80 applications currently in his second year in Cambridge He moved to requirements of the PhD, one of which has allowed distinction as well as a First Class Honours BSc. each year but have nowhere near the funds necessary Israel from New York at the age of 14 and the terrible him to start teaching at the Physics and Mathematics She is now undertaking a PhD with the Theoretical to provide scholarships for these outstanding scholars. ethnic and religious strife that has plagued Israel for school in Sussex. Physics Group at Imperial College London, under the Our Trustees admit each year it becomes harder to time immemorial has helped open his eyes to the supervision of Prof Helen Fay Dowker. The Group is one decide who will receive our support. importance of international relations and politics for MR ROTEM PERACH of the leading in the world and every year it selects only both the management and resolution of conflicts. He a handful of students from over a hundred applicants. Is at the University of Kent for a full time PhD in hopes to pursue a career in the diplomatic service She has worked with Prof. Dowker previously and We are again supporting the following KL Scholars: - Psychology, and is in his final year, prior to presenting or in a NGO dedicated to improving rectifying the co-authored a paper in Compte Rendu Physique on his thesis. Prior to starting his PhD, he had been perception of Israel abroad testing quantum gravity with cosmology. MR ALON BARAM working at the Herczeg Institute on Aging, at Tel Aviv University and has produced a number of articles for Studying for a DPhil in Clinical Neuroscience at Merton MR YOTAM LEVY Seven further Kenneth Lindsay Scholarships were academic publications. As an Israeli citizen, he feels College, University of Oxford. Alon writes – During the awarded to :- past two years I have been exposed to the world-class Studying at King’s College, London for a full time PhD that his PhD studies present a valuable opportunity to research at Oxford University. The interdisciplinary in Human and Physiological Sciences. Yotam has been promote a comprehensive understanding of Israel and nature of much of this research is precisely what I very successful in his research with a number of papers he tries to provide British students with a favourable MR URI BLASBALG being published and invitations to various conferences. educational experience that will promote goodwill looked for – bringing basic science discoveries closer Is at the University of Cambridge to undertake His work on Nemaline Myopathy has evolved into towards Israel and its citizens. Rotem published to the clinical world. a postdoctoral fellowship in the Department of his current research on muscle-wasting conditions, a paper in the Journal of Creative Behaviour that Psychology, at the invitation of Prof. Michael Lamb, where he investigated the involvement of a complex of received wide international press coverage including MISS NAOMI CARELEBACH following completion of his PhD at the University proteins, called the LNC complex. To unravel its roles, the Huffington Post. of Haifa. His Dissertation was on ‘The association Naomi Is studying at University of Oxford for a PHD he has developed a novel method for imaging single between Interviewer’s support and the quality of in Experimental Psychology .After completing her muscle fibres in three dimensions (3D) as he believes

73 forensic statements made by reluctant children about Israel’s negotiations with the Palestinians. Universities, who are normally resident in the UK, to intra-familial abuse.’ He has published several papers make an intensive study of some aspect (sociological, and made presentations on his work at conferences in MS DEVORAH MARGOLIN scientific, cultural, economic) of life in Israel. Atlanta and New Orleans and the Haruv International This year we awarded only one scholarship to Abigail Is in her second year at King’s College, London taking a Conference. During his PhD studies, he was involved Newman. Abigail is a biomedical engineering student PhD in War Studies. She has a BA (with Honours) from in a research project in collaboration with his then with a keen interest in tissue engineering. Our the University of California, Davis in Political Science supervisor Prof. Hershkowitz from the University of Wyndham Deedes scholarship allowed her to carry out during which time she completed a one year study at Haifa and Prof Lamb from the University of Cambridge, a two-month research project in the world renowned the Hebrew University Rothberg International School. both praising his dedication and the great help he had Levenberg lab for tissue engineering in the Technion, She has a Master’s (Magna Cum Laude) in Government given to their research projects. Haifa. from the Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya and will now be coming to the UK to undertake a PhD in MS DAPHNA FENCHEL Her full report of her time in Israel will be found on the War Studies at King’s College. She has worked on the AIA website www.angloisraelassociation.com Is at King’s College London for a full time MRes in English website of Haaretz Newspaper in Tel Aviv, Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Daphna has a BSc been a Research Assistant on terrorism and counter We hope to continue to support such students in (Magna Cum Laude) in Biology and Psychology focusing terrorism at various institutes in California and Israel the years to come but now more than ever we need on Neuroscience from Tel Aviv University and an MRes and was a participating member of IDC’s Delegation to the support of our friends. Of course it would be (graduated with Merit) in Experimental Neuroscience NATO Headquarters in Brussels. After completing her wonderful if you could support a student during from Imperial College London. She feels psychiatric studies, she would like to return to the IDC Herzliya their time of studying for a PhD but whatever the disorders are long overdue their proper recognition as to teach. amount, large or small, you know you will be making a legitimate medical field in the public’s eye basically a tremendous difference not only to the students because there is a lack of biological diagnostic tests to MR MATAN MAZOR themselves but in helping to increase knowledge in establish them as “objective” characterisation of the Is studying at the University College London for a full fields which are of benefit to us all. Our website at disease. Presently, no blood test, or any other widely time PhD in Neurology. Matan has recently completed www.angloisraelassociation.com has full details of accepted medical criteria to diagnose psychiatric his MSc in neuroscience as a student of Adi Lautman how you can help. disorders exist. As an ambitious long-term research Interdisciplinary Programme for outstanding students goal, she hopes to create a working diagnostic test at Tel Aviv University, Summa cum Laude. His for psychiatric disorders. During her PhD studies, she collaboration with UCL started whilst working on his hopes to work on identifying biomarkers associated MSc dissertation. As part of his thesis he introduced with different psychiatric disorders and behavioural a novel analysis scheme for functional MRI data. phenotypes. Using this new method, he faced several questions he couldn’t answer and contacted Prof Karl Friston MRS SMADAR YANIV HERSKOWITZ of UCL a neuroimaging pioneer who had studied Is at the University of Oxford for a full time Master of these topics. Resulting conversations with him and Public Policy. Smadar is committed to Public Action his research team sowed the seeds for a fruitful having been inspired by her great grandmother who collaboration between the two labs, culminating with was the first woman to be elected as a mayor in his research proposal for a PhD at UCL. Palestine in the beginning of the 20th century and her mother who served as the president of the Police MR DANIEL SHECCOURY Headquarters’ Disciplinary Court. Lately she has been Is presently at the University of Oxford, for an MPhil working in the UK to work for the Defence Academy of in Japanese Studies. Daniel has a BA with Honours the UK as a specialist on Hebrew and Israeli affairs. in General History and East Asian studies from the There she formed a new training programme for University of Haifa followed by a joint MA degree in British Defence Attachés in Israel. She was then asked Global History studies at the Humboldt University to assemble and lead an interstate UK – Israel team and the Free University in Berlin. He also won a joint that advanced a training development project for the scholarship awarded by the department of Asian UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office at Westminster. studies of Haifa University and JASSO (the Japanese Her team is currently forming a new course for national student association) which involved intensive diplomats in preparation for their appointment to Japanese language and culture studies at Akita Israel. University Japan. Once he has completed his MPhil he wishes to go on and pursue a PhD programme in the MS SANA KNANEH UK. His aim is to become part of the Israeli academic Is at the London School of Economics and Political community, contributing to the field of East Asian Science for a full time MSc in International Strategy Studies specifically. and Diplomacy. She has completed 3 degrees all at the Hebrew University and she has a BSc in Pharmacy; a BSc in Biological Science; and an MSc Wyndham Deedes Scholarship in International Relations. She has participated in We encourage British students to study in Israel to see numerous Human Rights Fellowship programmes in first-hand what Israel is really like. They come back Israel. She hopes her course at the LSE would prepare full of enthusiasm and with a changed perspective. The her for professional work. She aspires to be involved in object of the award is to enable graduates of British

75 Soup the ultimate comfort food.

Coconut-orange lentil soup on the stove at Café Sofia’s cream of Jerusalem artichoke soup. Hamarakia in Jerusalem. Photo: courtesy Photo courtesy of The Inbal Hotel

In the cold winter, nothing warms and satisfies the belly like a steaming, fragrant bowl of hearty soup. Café Sofia in Jerusalem’s Inbal Hotel has kicked off its annual soup festival through April 7, offering five different soups each day on an all-you-can-eat basis. Chef Nir Elkayam uses family recipes to make his Hamarakia (The Soupery), a certified Vegan Friendly eatery at 4 Koresh Street near the hub of downtown minestrone, pea, cream of corn, eggplant, and cream of Jerusalem artichoke and leek (below). Jerusalem, rotates more than 70 tried-and-true soups on its menu, accompanied by homey Israeli staples such as hummus and shakshukah.

Coconut-orange lentil soup Jerusalem Artichoke Soup

Serves 5 Serves 6

• 2 tablespoons olive oil • 1 litre vegetable stock • 2 medium onions, chopped • 2 leeks coarsely chopped • 2 medium carrots, diced • 800 grams peeled potatoes cut into cubes • 1 medium potato, diced • 500 grams Jerusalem artichoke, peeled and coarsely chopped • Half a bunch fresh coriander, chopped • 3 garlic cloves • 2 cups coconut milk • Salt and pepper to taste • 1½ cups orange lentils, soaked 20 minutes • 150 ml. cream or nondairy substitute • 1 tablespoon curry powder • Olive oil and thyme, optional garnish • Flaked cilantro, salt, pepper to taste • Boil the stock and add the potato cubes, Jerusalem artichoke, garlic and leek. Cook until all are soft. • About 2 cups water or vegetable stock • Blend the ingredients, bring to a boil again and add the cream. • In a soup pot, fry the chopped onion in the olive oil. When the onions turn golden, add the diced carrots and Season to taste and garnish with olive oil and thyme leaves. potatoes and stir. Add curry, cilantro, salt and pepper to taste. Continue stirring. • Add the soaked lentils and coconut milk. Add half the chopped coriander plus enough water or vegetable stock to cover. Cook for half an hour. Puree half the soup with an immersion blender and add back into pot. Garnish with the rest of the chopped coriander.

77 Best wishes to Romie and Esther Tager are pleased to support The AIA the invaluable work of The Anglo-Israel Association Leonie & Howard Lewis Thank you to Joan and Robin Alvarez for their support of The Anglo-Israel Association

Christian Friends of Israel UK

Encouraging better understanding Challenging antisemitism and prejudice Assisting cross-community projects

Israel Defence Force Widows and Orphans Organisation (IDFWO) enters the lives of the families and offers essential help. This non-profit charity Best wishes from established in 1991, is the sole organisation recognised Louise and David by the State of Israel that represents the widows and Co-sponsors with the Anglo-Israel Association orphans of Israel’s fallen soldiers and security forces. Wolfson There are 8,000 Druze, Jewish, Christian and Bedouin of the annual Clergy Study Tour of Israel women and children who have lost their loved ones, and for them the IDFWO is their second family. The IDFWO provides the backbone of emotional, financial, and social support that a parent or spouse generally provides, making a world of difference in the widows’ and orphans’ lives.

If you would like to support this worthwhile charity please go to their website at :-www.idwo.org CFI Communications Tel: 01323 410810 Email: [email protected] Web: www.cfi.org.uk Facebook.com/cfiuk @cfi_uk www.cfi.org.uk Special thanks to the Sheila and Alan Diamond Charitable Trust for their generous support of the Anglo-Israel Magazine WE LISTEN. WE EXPLORE. WE CREATE. WE DELIVER.

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