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REPORT ON THE DRUG SITUATION 2016 OF THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA Editor: Andreja Drev Design: Andreja Frič For the content of individual article or chapter is responsible its author Publisher: National Institute of Public Health, Trubarjeva 2, 1000 Ljubljana Translation: Plitta, Uroš Jeram, s. p. Approved by Commission of the Republic of Slovenia for Drugs Publication year: Ljubljana, 2016 Electronic source. Website: http://www.nijz.si/ ISSN 1855-8003 2016 NATIONAL REPORT (2015 DATA) TO THE EMCDDA by the Reitox National Focal Point SLOVENIA REITOX Table of Contents Drug policy ................................................................................................................... 6 Legal framework workbook ..........................................................................................15 Drugs ..........................................................................................................................26 Prevention workbook ...................................................................................................57 Treatment workbook ....................................................................................................71 Best practice workbook ...............................................................................................91 Harms and harm reduction workbook ........................................................................ 104 Drug market and crime workbook .............................................................................. 128 Prison workbook ........................................................................................................ 142 Research workbook ................................................................................................... 152 Bibliography .............................................................................................................. 165 Drug policy workbook Authors: Jože Hren and Andreja Belščak 6 Table of Contents T0 Summary ............................................................................................................................................................ 8 T1. National profile ................................................................................................................................................... 9 T1.1 National drugs strategies ........................................................................................................................ 9 T1.2 Evaluation of national drugs strategies ................................................................................................. 10 T1.3 Drug policy coordination ....................................................................................................................... 11 T1.4 Drug related public expenditure ............................................................................................................ 11 T2. Trends. Not applicable for this workbook.......................................................................................................... 14 T3. New developments ........................................................................................................................................... 14 T4. Additional information ....................................................................................................................................... 14 T5. Notes and queries ............................................................................................................................................ 14 T6. Sources and methodology ................................................................................................................................ 14 7 T0 Summary National profile The main focus of Slovenia's drug policy is to ensure a comprehensive, balanced and ongoing development of all measures, programs and activities that address and help tackle the problem of illicit drugs in the country. Since the drug problem is addressed using a distinctly intersectoral and multidisciplinary approach, various measures and activities cover different areas, from stemming the supply of illicit drugs to prevention, treatment and social rehabilitation. The first National programme on illicit drugs was launched as early as 1992 and marked the beginning of a comprehensive effort to tackle the country's illicit drug problem. The overarching goal of the Resolution on the National Programme on Illicit Drugs 2014–2020 currently in force is to reduce and contain the harm that illicit drug use may cause to individuals, their families, and society. The national programme with its implementation action plan represents a continuation of the comprehensive and balanced approach to tackling the problem of illicit drugs in the country, which includes programmes to reduce both the demand for and supply of illicit drugs. The action plan is closely tied to the adopted crime prevention and control strategies and social protection strategies. The action plan was drawn up by a working group made up of representatives from all ministries with authority over drug-related matters, as well as representatives from the research community and NGOs. The Commission on Narcotic Drugs of the Government of the Republic of Slovenia monitored the action plan development process and approved the finalized action plan. Action plan implementation monitoring is the responsibility of the Ministry of Health as the competent authority for dealing with illicit drug issues, which has set up a dedicated working group in charge of monitoring the implementation of this action plan. The dedicated working group reports regularly to the Commission on Narcotic Drugs of the Government of the Republic of Slovenia on the implementation process of the action plan, prepares an implementation report and a proposal for a new action plan. This entire process also involves the cooperation of a National Focal Point on Illicit Drugs, whose input and collected data provide considerable value added in identifying and developing effective solutions. In 1999 and 2000, Slovenia passed two fundamental laws governing the area of illicit drugs, namely: the Act Regulating the Prevention of the Use of Illicit Drugs and on the Treatment of Drug Users (Official Gazette of the RS, Nos. 98/8 and 2/04 – ZPNNVSM; ZPUPD) and the Production of and Trade in Illicit Drugs Act (Official Gazette of the RS, Nos. 108/99, 44/00, 2/04 - ZZdrl-A, 47/o4 – ZdZPZ; ZPPPD). The ZPUPD, in effect, lays down measures and activities aiming to help reduce the demand for illicit drugs. The measures and activities include various information campaigns and prevention programs, healthcare and social activities, harm reduction programs and activities associated with monitoring and analysing the issue of drug use. The Act also laid down the organizational structure and funding for the treatment of drug addicts. In practice, the ZPPPD aims to curb the supply of illicit drugs. The Act sets out conditions allowing the production of and trading in illicit drugs and the possession of illicit drugs, as well as sanctions for those who violate the provisions of the law. New developments Among the current issues, two topics have been getting a lot of attention recently in Slovenia, which are already the subject of considerable debate in the wider international arena. It has to do with rethinking cannabis regulation and with questions concerning the regulation of new psychoactive substances. It is not uncommon for cannabis-related issues to create a stir in the media and politics. 8 T1. National profile T1.1 National drugs strategies T1.1.1 Summary of national drug strategy document Covering the period from 2014 to 2020, the Resolution on the National Programme on Illicit Drugs is composed of two parts, the National Strategy and Action Plan. The National Strategy lays down areas of activity, development trends and implementation mechanisms. It was passed by the National Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia in April 2014 (available at: http://www.pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=DRUG3915). The new National Programme on Illicit Drugs has been developed based on the needs identified across the relevant sectors, results of assessing the implementation of the previous strategy, latest research and the existing legislation in this area. It forms a strategic framework for the state's uniform, comprehensive and balanced approach to addressing the issue of drugs. The overarching goal of the National Programme on Illicit Drugs 2014–2020 is to reduce and contain the harm that illicit drug use causes to individuals, their families, and society. Of all the goals and missions, the following should be pointed out: − Seeking to promote illicit drug use prevention programs in order to reduce the number of new drug users among the younger generation and to reduce the number of minor and criminal offences involving illicit drugs. − Seeking to support the development of programs to help stabilize or reduce the number of people infected with HIV, HBV and HCV, and deaths due to overdose. − Seeking to develop and upgrade all coordinating structures working in the area of drugs at the local and national levels. − All the goals and activities described above help achieve broader social objectives, such as efforts to combat organized crime, illicit drug trade, money laundering and other forms of drug- related crime. At the operational level, the strategy is being implemented through two-year action plans with detailed priorities, implementation