THE EDINBURGH COMPANION to SCOTTISH WOMEN's WRITING WRITING EDITED by GLENDA NORQUAY Xxxxxxxxxx EDITED by GLENDA NORQUAY Glenda Norquay Xxxxx EDITED by GLENDA NORQUAY
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EDINBURGH COMPANIONS THE EDINBURGH COMPANION TO TO SCOTTISH LITERATURE WRITING WOMEN'S SCOTTISH THE EDINBURGH SERIES EDITORS: IAN BROWN & THOMAS OWEN CLANCY COMPANION TO This series offers new insights into Scottish authors, periods and topics drawing on contemporary critical approaches. Each volume: • provides a critical evaluation and comprehensive overview of its subject SCOTTISH • offers thought-provoking original critical assessments by expert contributors • includes a general introduction by the volume editor(s) and a selected guide to further reading. WOMEN'S THE EDINBURGH COMPANION TO SCOTTISH WOMEN'S WRITING WRITING EDITED BY GLENDA NORQUAY xxxxxxxxxx EDITED BY GLENDA NORQUAY Glenda Norquay xxxxx EDITED BY GLENDA NORQUAY GLENDA BY EDITED ISBN 978-0-7486-4431-5 ISBN 978 0 7486 4431 5 Edinburgh University Press 22 George Square E dinburgh Edinburgh EH8 9LF Cover image: Still Life www.euppublishing.com © Margaretann Bennett Cover design: www.paulsmithdesign.com www.margaretannbennett.co.uk The Edinburgh Companion to Scottish Women’s Writing NORQUAY PRINT.indd i 10/05/2012 11:24 Edinburgh Companions to Scottish Literature Series Editors: Ian Brown and Thomas Owen Clancy Titles in the series include: The Edinburgh Companion to Robert Burns The Edinburgh Companion to Scottish Drama Edited by Gerard Carruthers Edited by Ian Brown 978 0 7486 3648 8 (hardback) 978 0 7486 4108 6 (hardback) 978 0 7486 3649 5 (paperback) 978 0 7486 4107 9 (paperback) The Edinburgh Companion to Twentieth- The Edinburgh Companion to Sir Walter Scott Century Scottish Literature Edited by Fiona Robertson Edited by Ian Brown and Alan Riach 978 0 7486 4130 7 (hardback) 978 0 7486 3693 8 (hardback) 978 0 7486 4129 1 (paperback) 978 0 7486 3694 5 (paperback) The Edinburgh Companion to Hugh The Edinburgh Companion to Contemporary MacDiarmid Scottish Poetry Edited by Scott Lyall and Margery Palmer Edited by Matt McGuire and Colin McCulloch Nicholson 978 0 7486 4190 1 (hardback) 978 0 7486 3625 9 (hardback) 978 0 7486 4189 5 (paperback) 978 0 7486 3626 6 (paperback) The Edinburgh Companion to James Hogg The Edinburgh Companion to Muriel Spark Edited by Ian Duncan and Douglas Mack Edited by Michael Gardiner and Willy 978 0 7486 4124 6 (hardback) Maley 978 0 7486 4123 9 (paperback) 978 0 7486 3768 3 (hardback) 978 0 7486 3769 0 (paperback) The Edinburgh Companion to Scottish Literature 1400–1650 The Edinburgh Companion to Robert Louis Edited by Nicola Royan Stevenson 978 0 7486 4391 2 (hardback) Edited by Penny Fielding 978 0 7486 4390 5 (paperback) 978 0 7486 3554 2 (hardback) 978 0 7486 3555 9 (paperback) The Edinburgh Companion to Scottish Women’s Writing The Edinburgh Companion to Irvine Welsh Edited by Glenda Norquay Edited by Berthold Schoene 978 0 7486 4432 2 (hardback) 978 0 7486 3917 5 (hardback) 978 0 7486 4431 5 (paperback) 978 0 7486 3918 2 (paperback) The Edinburgh Companion to Scottish The Edinburgh Companion to James Kelman Traditional Literatures Edited by Scott Hames Edited by Sarah Dunnigan and Suzanne 978 0 7486 3963 2 (hardback) Gilbert 978 0 7486 3964 9 (paperback) 978 0 7486 4540 4 (hardback) 978 0 7486 4539 8 (paperback) The Edinburgh Companion to Scottish Romanticism The Edinburgh Companion to Liz Lochhead Edited by Murray Pittock Edited by Anne Varty 978 0 7486 3845 1 (hardback) 978 0 7486 5472 7 (hardback) 978 0 7486 3846 8 (paperback) 978 0 7486 5471 0 (paperback) Visit the Edinburgh Companions to Scottish Literature website at www.euppublishing.com/series/ecsl NORQUAY PRINT.indd ii 10/05/2012 11:24 The Edinburgh Companion to Scottish Women’s Writing Edited by Glenda Norquay NORQUAY PRINT.indd iii 10/05/2012 11:24 © in this edition Edinburgh University Press, 2012 © in the individual contributions is retained by the authors Edinburgh University Press Ltd 22 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9LF www.euppublishing.com Typeset in 10.5/12.5 Adobe Goudy by Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Stockport, Cheshire, and printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 0 7486 4432 2 (hardback) ISBN 978 0 7486 4431 5 (paperback) ISBN 978 0 7486 4445 2 (webready PDF) ISBN 978 0 7486 6480 1 (epub) ISBN 978 0 7486 6479 5 (Amazon ebook) The right of the contributors to be identifi ed as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. NORQUAY PRINT.indd iv 10/05/2012 11:24 Contents Series Editors’ Preface vii Acknowledgements ix Introduction 1 Glenda Norquay 1 Spirituality 11 Sarah M. Dunnigan 2 Gaelic Poetry and Song 22 Anne Frater and Michel Byrne 3 Orality and the Ballad Tradition 35 Suzanne Gilbert 4 Enlightenment Culture 44 Pam Perkins 5 Domestic Fiction 53 Ainsley McIntosh 6 Janet Hamilton: Working-class Memoirist and Commentator 63 Florence S. Boos 7 Private Writing 75 Aileen Christianson 8 Margaret Oliphant and the Periodical Press 84 Helen Sutherland 9 Writing the Supernatural 94 Kirsty A. Macdonald 10 Interwar Literature 103 Margery Palmer McCulloch 11 Writing Spaces 113 Carol Anderson 12 Experiment and Nation in the 1960s 122 Eleanor Bell 13 Genre Fiction 130 Glenda Norquay NORQUAY PRINT.indd v 10/05/2012 11:24 vi contents 14 Twentieth-Century Poetry 140 Rhona Brown 15 Contemporary Fiction 152 Monica Germanà Endnotes 163 Further Reading 193 Notes on Contributors 198 Index 201 NORQUAY PRINT.indd vi 10/05/2012 11:24 Series Editors’ Preface The fourth tranche of the Companion series marks in its own way the underlying themes of the series as whole: Scottish literature is multivalent, multilingual and vibrant. Each volume also refl ects the series ethos: to chal- lenge, set new perspectives and work towards defi ning differences of canon in Scottish literature. Such defi nition of difference must always be sensitive and each volume in the 2012 tranche shows not only the confi dence of up- to-date, leading-edge scholarship, but the fl exibility of nuanced thought that has developed in Scottish literary studies in recent years. A tranche which balances a volume on women’s writing with volumes on two major male writers subverts, even on the most superfi cial reading, any version of an older tradition which depended on a canon based on ‘great’ writers, mostly, if not exclusively, male. In approaching Scott and Hogg, contributors have demon- strated fresh thinking and recontextualised their work, opening them to new insights and enjoyment, while the authors in the volume on Women’s Writing reinterpret and reorganise the very structures of thought through which we experience the writing explored. Scott, often in the past taken to represent a stuffy old-fashioned male- dominated literary canon, is revisited, reassessed and brought to our minds anew. One is reminded of the remark of the great European scholar Martin Esslin to one of the series editors that Scott was the greatest artist in any art form of the nineteenth century. Such a statement may embody the generalis- ing attitudes of an older generation, but Esslin’s argument was based not just on Scott’s range and innovations, but on the importance of his infl uence on his successors, not just in literature but in other arts. Hogg, meantime, has often previously suffered by comparison with Scott, misunderstood and misread in ways that the Hogg volume makes clear as it demystifi es past perceptions and opens new vistas on his work’s scope. The Scottish Women’s Writing volume completes a trio of innovative Companions in its range of disparate viewpoints. Avoiding easy categories or theories, these demonstrate with rigour and vigour that, though in some genres, like drama, women’s writing has had a diffi cult time historically, it has, not least in the Gaelic NORQUAY PRINT.indd vii 10/05/2012 11:24 viii series editors’ preface tradition, always played a crucial role. The volume rightly and lucidly inter- rogates any system of classifi cation that obscures this insight. The 2012 tranche as a whole continues the Companion series project of reviewing and renewing the way we read and enjoy the rich diversity of Scottish literature. Ian Brown Thomas Owen Clancy NORQUAY PRINT.indd viii 10/05/2012 11:24 Acknowledgements The General Editors of the Companion Series, Ian Brown and Thomas Clancy, have been supportive presences. Ian Brown in particular shared expertise, experience and canny advice. Jackie Jones at Edinburgh University Press made useful interventions in the early stages and Aileen Christianson provided a listening ear and a critical eye. I am grateful, as always, to the support of colleagues at Liverpool John Moores University. Gaelic adviser The advice and expertise of Michel Byrne has been invaluable in compiling this volume. His has been the steering hand in the chapters which address Gaelic culture and his performance in this role was characterised by the consistency of his insights, sensitivity and attention to detail. NORQUAY PRINT.indd ix 10/05/2012 11:24 NORQUAY PRINT.indd x 10/05/2012 11:24 Introduction Glenda Norquay When Mary Brunton writes in her journal, ‘Welcome, mine own rugged Scotland’, she romantically inscribes but distances herself from the nation; Scotland is both hers and craggily, masculinely different.1 To escape into the liberating ‘Seaward Toon’, the allocuter in Marion Angus’s poem of that name must engage freely with the world around her, rather than making ‘ilka ruint stane a wound’.2 The ‘sherp chert tongues of grannies’, depicted in Kathleen Jamie’s poem ‘Arraheids’, rest in Scotland’s museums, having lain ‘fur generations in the land/like wicked cherms’: their fl inty presence both speaks and holds secrets.3 When Cassie, in Janice Galloway’s Foreign Parts visits the French château of Chenonceau and sees grafi tti scratched into the wall by the Scots guard of Mary Stuart, she has to address the chal- lenging signifi cance for her of the image hame.4 Articulating the dynamic between women, nation and creativity seems to demand such stony con- frontations.