ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DES TRAVAUX EN SOUTERRAIN ITA INTERNATIONAL TUNNELLING AITES ASSOCIATION

ITA newsletter -la lettre de l'AITES

N° 18 - JUIN 2001 - ISSN 1267-8422 Connecting Europe Trendse tting ro ilway lines for Switzerland and Europe

With the 34 km long L6tschberg Base Tunnel and the 57 km long Gotthard Base Tunnel, the NEAT (Neuen-Eisenbahn-Alpentransversalen - New Alps Transverse Railway Lines), Switzerland is being equipped with an excellent rail infrastructure. Herrenknecht supplied two hard rock TBMs (0 9.43 m) for the tunnellin g of the L6tschberg Base Tunnel. The machines set new standards in rock tunnelling. The Gripper TBM, LOtsch berg Base single cantilever gripper machines enable comprehensive mechanical rock Tunnel, Section Steg fi 9.43 m stabilisation measures as close as 4.2 m behind the cutting head. Extensive improvements in the mechanical procedures allow high tunnelling performance.

Tunnel construction is opening up the future Earliest possible rock stabilisation in the L1 * area

HERR EN KNECH T AG HER REN KNE CHT (SCHWEIZ) AG D-77963 SCHWANAU CH-6474 AMSTEG TEL (+49) 7824/ 3 02·0 TEL (+41)41-884 80 80 FAX (+49) 7824/ 3403 FAX (+41)41-884 80 89 HERR ENKNECHT FRAN CE SARL HERR EN KNECHT INTERNATIONAL LTD . CHATO U, FRAN KRE ICH SUNDERLAND -GB TE L +33 (0) 1 300960 30 TEL (+44) 191-5 48 91 91 FA X +33 (0) 1 30 0960 35 FAX (+44) 191-5 48 92 92 Modern TBM control panel HTTP ://WWW.HERRENKNECHT.DE TRIBUNE ITA newsletter la lettre de l'AlTES

Cairo metro Une 2, finished bored tun­ SOMMAIRE • CONTENTS nel.

Métro du Caire, ligne 2, tunnel foré fini. L'AITES en Bref 4 ITA in Brief

Liste des Nations Membres 4 Member Nations List BUREAU EXÉCUTIF ET COMITÉ DE RÉDACTION EXECUTIVE COUNCIL AND EDITORIAL BOARD L'Association Egyptienne 5 The EgyptianTunnelling A. Assis Brazil des Travaux en souterrain Society A.M. Muir Wood UK A. Haack Germany Les travaux souterrains 7 Tunnelling in Egypt H. Parker USA en Egypte K. S0rbraten Norway J.P. Godard France Rapport des Nations Membres 22 Member Nations Reports J. Hess Czech R. N. Bulychev Russia A. Nordmark Sweden J. Mc Kelvey S. Africa K.Ono Japan G. Ash Australia H.Oud Netherlands J. Zhao Singapore C. Berenguier

ITA web sile: http://www.ila-ailes.org e-mail: ailes@ imaginet.fr

Hf Il If 2,500 copies of this issue have bee n printed

Directeur de la publication : www.ita-aites.org Claude Berenguier AITES - 25 av F. Mitterrand Find alilTA on the web: F-69674 BRON Cedex Have rou read the !D +33-478260455, f6 +33-472372406 Cf Vil! Q EHFJZ AI ASSEMW y Édité par ACROTÈRE: pages re/ated to the (J MEMDEI. HATfOHI2f)QQ RfFQII BP1275 - F-31047 TOULOUSE [J Tribsa ri 16 j. mw PO tt...... 2jffil GENERAL ASSEMBLY [J Focw op Sïc;!pon !D+33-561310385, r6J +33-561 490522 [J 'mmr0r4 I ...... rI rrA m .ossAR y e-mail: acrotere @aol.com AND THE MEMBER [J F ' . ryn!I:f Imprimé par Imprimerie LECHA NATION REPORTS ASIIXtATIOW [Q] IJfTOJIAT)OIfAL 51 rue du Pech - F-311 00 TOULOUSE lJfTDJeATIC*A.Lt DD TRAVAUX 0 TlIJoOnLDOO EIf SOUTBUOf ADoclATlO" Crédits photos : nations membres de l'AITES Il",",TPlotI'' _~ 1 Publicité: ACROTÈRE Dépôt légal : Juin 2001

S igned a rticles a re under the responsability of their aulhors

TRIBUNE n018 - I TA-Ai TES - JUlie 2001 3 I lA IN B RIE F • L'AilES EN B R E F

FOUNDED IN 1974 FONDÉE EN 1974 ITA has 50 Member Nations and 290 Affiliate L'AITES compte 50 Nations Membres et 290 Members. Membres Affiliés. The ai ms of ITA are to encourage planning of Les buts de l'AITES sont d'encourager l'étude de the subsurface and to promote advances in l'utilisation et de l'aménagement du sous-sol et the preparatory investigations for tunnels and de promouvoir les progrès dans les reconnais­ in the design, construction and maintenance sances préalables, la conception, la construction of tunnels by bringing together information et l'entretien des tunnels en rassemblant les infor­ thereon and by studying questions related mations ainsi qu'en étudiant les questions qui s'y thereto. rapportent. The Association fulfils its mission: L'Association remplit sa mission • by facilitating the exchange of information • en facilitant l'échange d'informations entre ses among its members membres • by holding public or other meetings • en organisant des réunions publiques ou non • by organising and coordinating studies and • en organisant et en coordonnant des études et experiments des expérimentations • by publishing proceedings, reports and • en publiant des comptes rendus, rapports et documents. documents.

AFRIQUE DU SUD· SOUTH AFRICA • South African National Council on ISLANDE • ICELAND • Icelandic Tunnelling Society, .6+354-5622332, Tunnelling .6+27-11 6481876 [email protected] ALGÉRIE. ALGERIA. Ministère des Travaux Publics .6+2 13-2851837 IRAN· Iran Tunnelling Association, .6+98-21601 4828 ALLEMAGNE • GERMANY • Deutscher Ausschuss für Unterirdisches ISRAEL· Inter Ministerial Committee .6+972-26223058 Bauen, .6+49-2215979550, [email protected] ITALIE. ITALY • Società Italiana Gallerie .6+39-026599758 ARABIE SAOUDITE • SAUDI ARABIA • Ministry of Communications, .6 JAPON • JAPAN • Japan Tunnelling Society, .6+81-335536145, +966-14029436 [email protected] LESOTHO· Lesotho Tunnelling Society, .6+266-310005 ARGENTINE • ARGENTINA • Association Argentina de Ingeneria de Tuneles, .6+54-11 49512293, [email protected] MALAISIE • MALAYSIA • The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia .6+603- 7577678, keith@m tdcap.com AUSTRALIE· AUSTRALIA • Australian Underground Construction & Tun­ MAROC. MOROCCO • Association Marocaine des Travaux en Souterrain, .6 nelling Association, .6+61-733671422 +212-2301 550 AUTRICHE • AU STRIA • Austrian National Committee of ITA, .6+43- MEXIQUE· MEXICO· Asociacién Mexicana de Ingenieria de Tûneles y Obras 15041596 Subterràneas, .6+52-56062323 BELGIQUE· BELGIUM • Association Belge des Techniques et de l'Urba­ NORVÈGE· NORWAY· Norsk Forening for Fjellsprengningsteknikk (NFF), .6+47- nisme Souterrain, .6+32-22873144 , [email protected] 67565533 , [email protected] BRÉSIL· BRAZIL • Brazilian Tunnelling Committee, .6+55-11 2687325, NOUVELLE-ZÉLANDE. NEW ZEALAND • Works Consultancy Services Ltd , .6 [email protected] +64-44733017 PAYS-BAS. NETHERLANDS • Tunnelling and Underground Works Division of Kivi, BULGARIE· BULGARIA • Geotechnim-SVS, .6+359-29526080 .6+31-30899608, [email protected] CANADA • Tunnelling Association of Canada, .6+1-4164457107, POLOGNE. POLAND • Podkom~et Budowniclwa Podziemnego, .6+48-22264291 [email protected] PORTUGAL. Sociedade Portuguesa de Geotecnia, .6+351-184781 87, CHINE· CHINA· China Civil Engineering Society, .6+86-18393953 [email protected] COLOMBIE • COLOMBIA • Comité Colombiano de Tûneles, 1ll+57- RÉPUBLIQUE TCHÈQUE· CZECH REPUBLIC • Czech Tunnelling Committee, 12856715, [email protected] .6+420-2875152, [email protected] CORÉE· KOREA· Korean Tunnelling Association, .6+82-25467141 ROUMANIE • ROMANIA • Association Roumaine des Tunnels, .6+4 0- 13127780, vfierbin@pcneLpcneLro DANEMARK • DENMARK • Danish Society for Tunnels & Underground ROYAUME-UNI • UNITED KINGDOM • British Tunnelling Society, .6+44- Works, .6+45-43960055, [email protected] 1717991 325, [email protected] EGYPTE • EGYPT· Egyptian Tunnelling Society, .6+20-25787662, RUSSIE· RUSSIA. Russian Tunnelling Association, .6+7-0952073276, rus_tun­ ets@thewayouLnet nel@mtu-neLru ESPAGNE· SPAIN • Asociacién Espaiiola de Tûneles y Obras Subterrà• SINGAPOUR. SINGAPORE. Tunnelling and Underground Construction Socie­ neas, .6+34-915233683, [email protected] ty, .6+65-7921650, [email protected] ÉTATS-UNIS D'AMÉRIQUE· USA· American Underground Construction SLOVAQUIE· SLOVAKIA • Siovak Tunnelling Association, .6+421-745523103, Association , .6+1-6128258944, [email protected] , [email protected] SLOVÉNIE. SLOVENIA • Siovenian National Committee on Tunnel Construction FINLANDE· FINLAND • Finnish Tunnelling Association, .6+358-9467927, and Underground Structures, .6+386-61224105 Jouko.Ritola@vtt .fi SUÈDE • SWEDEN • BK Swedish Rock Construction Committee, .6+46- FRANCE • Association Française des Travaux en Souterrain, .6+33- 861 11091 , [email protected] 14764 7588, [email protected] SUISSE. SWITZERLAND • Groupe Spécialisé pour les Travaux Souterrains, .6 GRÈCE· GREECE • Greek Tunnelling Society, .6+30-15239647, M.Stavro­ +41 -1 3720197, peter.teuscher@blsaLch [email protected] THAILANDE • THAl LAND • ITA Thai Nation Member, .6+66-25245509 HONGRIE • HUNGARY • Association for Utilization of the Subsurface TURQUIE. TURKEY • Turkish Road Association Erer SA, .6+90-216 3857361, Space, 6 +36-11556182, n13250gre®ella.hu [email protected] INDE· INDIA· Central Board of Irrigation and Power, .6+ 91-113016347, UKRAINE. Ukrmetrotunelbud Corporations, 1ll+38-0442284997 [email protected] VENEZUELA. Socvenos, 1ll+58-12082620

TRIBUNE n018 - ITA -A ITES - June 2001 4 FOCUS ON EGYPT

1 • THE EGYPTIAN TUNNELLING ASSOCIATION Depuis l'antiquité, les Egyptiens ont construit des ouvrages souterrains. En 1984, l'Egypte a rejoint l 'AI TES et depuis de nombreuses activités de l'AITES s'y sont déroulés. De nombreux ouvrages souter­ rains ont été construits ou sont en projet actuel/ement. I/s sont décrits dans les pages suivantes.

Historically, Egyptians had an important role in inva­ National Authority for Tunnels (NAT), a governmental sion of underground space to build many influential organization established in August 1983 to plan, desi­ structures such as tombs, warehouses, water pas­ gn, tender, and supervise the construction of the sages, and the tunnels (underground accesses) to Cairo Metro network, a major project that included a tombs. These tunnels were constructed either by rock huge volume of underground works. With the deve­ eut or by excavating the tunnel location, supporting lopment of major tunnelling projects in Egypt, a non­ the tunnel sides with thick stones and then covering governmental organization, the Egyptian Tunnelling them with larger stones and timber. The accurate Society (ETS) was established in 1990 and became definition of the required slopes for the secret corri­ the national representative of Egypt in the ITA. dors leading to the burial rooms of the Kings, Since Egypt joined the ITA in 1984, many ITA activities obviously reflects the scientific methodology of the have been hosted by Egypt. In addition to sharing the ancient Egyptians. The great interest and attention routine activities of ITA ( attendance at General given by the ancient Egyptians to the eternity of life Assemblies, representation on the Executive Council, after death had a tremendous impact, encouraging participation in working groups and other ITA activi­ their interest in tomb architecture and in the philoso­ ties, contributions to the ITA journal and lastly to ITA phy of underground construction. Their cleverness in newsletter) Egypt has held three International Sym­ this field is reflected by the huge volume of construc­ posiums sponsored by the ITA ( in 1991,1992, and ted tombs and their tunnel accesses. 1999 ). Cairo was chosen by the General Assembly of Human need for underground space has continued the ITA as the venue for its 20th General Assembly, from those early days up to present times, with many which was held in 1994. This was the first time that demands for varied activities. Today, the function and the General Assembly of the ITA twas held in either use of tunnels and underground structures is comple­ the Middle East or Africa. Representatives of the tely different in principle from the uses of the ancient member nations have commented that this was one Egyptians. Instead of fulfilling religious interests in the of the most successful General Assemblies of the ITA. afterlife, tunnels and underground works are now Egypt is a country of 64 million inhabitants concen­ used to fulfill the daily needs of citizens, mainly for trated in the River Nile valley on 6% of the total area transportation, public utilities, storage and parking of the country, which reaches 1 million square kilo­ garages. In recent times, major tunneling activities in meters. The valley is mostly fiat, but an intensive net­ Egypt started in the early 1960s with the construction work of water canals runs through the Delta in the of six circular tunnels for the Aswan High Dam. These north and through Upper Egypt in the south. The diversion tunnels, 15-m diameter each, were advan­ Suez Canal links the Mediterranean Sea to the Red ced through hard rocks and lined with 1-m thick rein­ Sea on the east side of the country. Ali of these water­ forced concrete lining. Later in the early 1970s, the ways need to be crossed. Most commonly, the brid­ construction of the Ahmed Hamdy road tunnel (11 .4- ge solution has been found to be more economical in m diameter) started under the Suez Canal through time and cost. Recently, however, it has been realized soft ground. that tunnels and underground solutions are also Egypt joined the International Tunnelling Association viable. Large tunnels have been constructed or are as a member nation in 1984 under the umbrella of the planned to be constructed in major overpopulated

TRIBUNE n018 - ITA-AITES - JI/Ile 200J 5 1 • THE EGYPTIAN TUNNELLING ASSOCIATION

cities, beneath the River Nile or canals, and below the Focusing on another area of tunnelling interests in Suez Canal. Thus, there are many areas in Egypt Egypt, wastewater projects, we find a considerable where major tunnelling works have been taking place volume of underground works that have been and are in recent years. being implemented. In the Greater Cairo zone, major ln the congested city of Cairo, tunneling for the metro tunnelling works are taking place in one of the biggest network has been a major project. Up to now, 20 km underground sewage networks in the world. It of tunnels and 17 underground stations have been includes the constructions of a main deep collector put into operation in metro lines 1 and 2. Their lengths about 18 km long, as a spine tunnel of diameters are 43 and 22 km, and their stations are 34 and 20 either 6.1 or 5.15 m using five bentonite slurry stations respectively. Planning of the third metro line machines. Tens of kilometers of main branch tunnels is now taking place and another 20 km of tunnels and were also constructed to connect the spine tunnel to 22 underground stations will be constructed below the main districts of Cairo, in which earth pressure the congested city center. balance TBMs were excavating up to 3.25-m diame­ It is worth mentioning that the tunnelled section of ter tunnels. Another major wastewater project that Cairo metro line 2 has involved tunnelling below the has been and is still being implemented is the Alexan­ two branches of the River Nile in the Cairo area for the dria wastewater project. It includes some 22.5-km of first time in the history of the River. This achievement main tunnels of diameter ranging from 2.25 to 2.75 m, is detailed in the paper "Historic Nile Crossing by a at depths from 6 to 20 m below the surface. Some Bored Tunnel" (Abd El Salam, issue of T & UST, volu­ tens of smaller diameter tunnels, ranging from 1.2 to me 14, No.3, 1999). 1.8 m, are also included in the project. Moving on to the Suez Canal zone, we find the Another area of underground works is expected to Ahmed Hamdy road tunnel below the south sector of grow rapidly in Egyptian cities, namely, underground the Canal, with a length of 1640 m and a diameter of parking. Many subsurface parking structures are 11.4 m. This tunnel was completed with an open being planned in Cairo and other major cities of shield TBM and put into service in 1983. After ten Egypt, primarily because traffic congestion is pre­ years in service, it had to be rehabilitated because senti y a major problem in Egypt. As a result of the saline water had caused some deterioration of the success achieved in other underground projects, e.g. reinforced concrete segments. The rehabilitation was the metro and wastewater projects, it is now foreseen successfully achieved in 1995 by using new cast-in­ that the technical problems that delayed implementa­ place reinforced concrete tunnel lining. tion of these parking structures have been resolved. The construction of another four tunnels below the ln fact, construction of two underground car parking bed of the Suez Canal ( each 5.10 m in internai dia­ structures have started in downtown Cairo. meter) to carry irrigation water from the River Nile to The Egyptian Tunnelling Society, since it was founded Sinai Peninsula was another challenge. These tunnels in 1990, has been actively promoting underground form an inverted syphon beneath the Suez Canal, space development in Egypt through its periodical which is now used in the development of North Sinai national and international symposiums. The articles of and will irrigate nearly 1 million acres in the desert. "Focus on Egypt" in this issue of the Tribune were Cairo City has spread tremendously in recent years. prepared and complied by selected senior members Although great efforts have been made in the last of the Egyptian Tunnelling Society; namely, Dr. Mok­ decade to accommodate rapid mass transit transport bel El Shafie, Dr. Yousry Khattab, Eng. Sh. Elbedaiwy, systems (including a considerable volume of under­ Dr. Fathalla EI-Nahhas, Eng. Helmy EI-Sharkawy, Eng. ground works), only a few transversal road links have Ahmed Mazen and Eng. Abel Raaouf Ghanem. 1 hope been created. Taking this into consideration, together that these descriptions and illustrations will provide with the experience gained from the recently built the readers with an overview on the recently comple­ underground metro system, an underground road ted and current as weil as future underground pro­ system was envisaged, starting with two twin road jects in Egypt. tunnels to pass under the historical Islamic center of the city. Now, the two tunnels have been completed.

TRIBUNE n018 - ITA-Al TES -JUli e 2001 6 2 • THE AHMED HAMDY ROAD TUNNEL Le tunnel routier Ahmed Hamdy traverse le canal de Suez à envi­ ron 17 km au nord de Suez .. Construit en 1983, le revêtement en voussoir était détérioré par les infiltrations d'eau salée. Une rénovation complète a été entreprise avec comme objectif d 'évi­ ter toute détérioration ultérieure.

The Ahmed Hamdy tunnel runs under the REHABILITATION OF THE TUNNEL Suez canal at about 17 km to the north of Suez city, connecting the Sinai peninsula with The rehabilitation works of this tunnel were desi­ the eastern lands of Egypt. The construction gned with the aim of avoiding future deterioration of the tunnel was completed in 1983 with the and obtaining a maintenance free tunnel. It was open face shield tunnelling method and was carried out by installing a waterproofing mem­ the first project in the plan set for the deve­ brane to cover the whole surface of the existing lopment of the peninsula. The tunnel is 1.64 lining then pla­ km with a total length of 4.20 km including the cing a 45 cm reinforced entrances. Its internai diameter is 1 0.40m pro­ concrete viding two lanes with a width of 7.5 m for traf­ secondary fic and a longitudinal slope of 3.8%. The desi­ lining of high gned traffic capacity is 300 vehicles per hour strength for each direction. concrete. A The original tunnel lining consisted of precast fleece layer reinforced concrete rings, 0.60 m thick. Each was also used ring has a length of 1.20 m and consists of 16 to protect the segments including the key segment. The waterproofing Cross Section route of the tunnel is in a stiff impermeable membrane clay layer. The lowest point in the tunnel is at and to reduce the friction between the segments a depth of 51 m. After 10 years of service, the and the membrane. Ali the steps of the design reinforced concrete segments were deteriora­ and execution of the rehabilitation project were ted by the saline water seeping from the joints performed under strict quality control and were between the segments or penetrating through completed successfully between 1992 and 1995. the segments that led to the corrosion of the reinforcing steel bars. The condition of the The Ahmed Hamdy tunnel is now continuing its tunnel was critical and necessitated a com­ important role in the development of the sou­ plete rehabilitation. thern region of the Sinai peninsula.

TRIBUNE n018 - ITA-AiTES -JlIne 2001 7 3 • THE GREATER CAIRO METRO NETWORK Les travaux de construction du réseau du métro du Caire ont débuté en 1982. La première phase de la ligne 1 a été inaugu­ rée en spetembre 1987 et la deuxième phase en avril 1989. La deuxième ligne a été construite entièrement en souterrain et 19 km sont actuellement en service.

Straddling the River Nile, Greater Cairo has had, and Subsurface Condition in Central Cairo still has, an ever-growing demand for efficient public The City of Cairo is located at the point at which the transport. With a population of about 10 million in the Nile Delta commences. Central Cairo has therefore late sixties, Cairo was one of the World's densely been built over several hundred meters of recent allu­ populated cities. In the early seventies, through a joint vial and diluvial deposits, underlain by the Upper venture with French and Egyptian Consultants, the Eocene limestone marine formations. It has been pos­ Egyptian Ministry of Transport carried out a transport tulated that the Nile developed its course through this study for the Greater Cairo area. The result of that area after the down-faulting of a huge limestone study was the production of a master plan for a metro block, bounded on the east by the Mokattam cliff and system, with three lines. Due to some financial in the west, by the Pyramids plateau. The meandering constraints, a start could not be made on this ambi­ and significant changes in the course of the river tious project until 1981 , when a contract was signed throughout the ages, have quite clearly been the for the construction of Une No. 1. major sources of soils deposited in the Cairo area. Appreciable fluctuations in the level of the Nile, com­ UNE NO. 1 bined with the shifting of the water courses, has resul­ Une No. 1, which forms the backbone of the system, ted in sand deposits, alternating in an intricate man­ passes through the most important residential and ner, with layers and pockets of silt and clay. Additio­ business districts of the city. The line was formed by nally, as a result of the infilling of some of the old bran­ connecting the existing railway line from Helwan in ch channels and lakes, mainly during the nineteenth the south of the city, to the existing railway line to El century, a mixed surface layer of silt, clay, sand Marg in the north east, by means of a new under­ bricks, pottery and blocks of limestone is commonly ground line beneath the Central Business District of encountered. Cairo. The totallength of the line is 44 km including 34 Consequently, the main features of the soil are surfa­ stations. The route passes through very congested ce layers of variable thickness, from 3 to 8 m, th en areas, extremely close to buildings and public struc­ clayey silt and silty clay layers, with pockets of very tures. The selection of the route therefore made maxi­ fine sand, underlain by a deep seated medium-to-fine mum use of existing streets, publicly owned land and sand. Lenses of silt and clay are found occasionally in open space, to minimise the need for demolition, the sandy layer, which grades frequently to silty sand. underpinning, or expropriation. The water table is at a depth of between 1.5 to 3 m Work on the project commenced in 1982 when Presi­ below the surface. Since the construction of the dent Hosni Mubarak gave the instruction to proceed. Aswan High Dam , the fluctuation in groundwater level The work was executed and put into operation in is limited to ± 0.5 m. The groundwater has a high sul­ phases. The first phase, the southern section from phate content. Helwan to Mubarak Station in Ramses Square, inclu­ Design concept ded the 4. 5-km long underground section. There are Une 1 was designed to carry 60,000 passengers per five stations on the underground section, including hour in each direction, in electrically powered trains two that were constructed with a lower box to form comprising 9 cars each, with headway of 2.5 minutes the shell of stations for Une No. 2. The second phase, with a maximum speed of 100 km/hr and a track between Mubarak and El Marg Stations, is complete­ gauge of 1.435m. Iy at ground level. The President inaugurated Phase 1 in September 1987 and Phase 2 followed in April Considering the prevailing subsurface conditions, the 1989. proximity of the underground line to existing buildings and to minimise costs, the cut-and-cover method of construction was adopted for the tunnel and stations.

TRIBUNE n018 - ITA-AJ7ES -Julie 2001 8 3 • THE GREATER CAIRO METRO NETWORK

The longitudinal profile was esta­ blished as near as possible to ground level in order to limit ear­ 1 thworks below the water table. Diaphragm walls were used to ~LYOUJA GOVERNO,RATE support the sides of the excava­ tion during the phases of construction and these became part of the structure by being joi­ ned to the raft and roof, forming the cross section of the tunnel and stations. Depending on the thickness or depth required, these walls were either precast units or cast in-situ. The soil between and under the toes of the diaphragm walls was grouted using cement/bentonite

followed by a soft silica gel, to MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT form a plug, the level of which GREATER CAlAO METRO was calculated to give the requi­ NETWORK red stability to the bottom of the

subsequent excavation works. \ " The function of the plug was to , • J. \ reduce the permeability of the soil CAIRO GOVERN ~ . to permit dewatering of the exca­ LlNE No. 1 : vation, with limited discharge and HElWAN - EL MARG - lENGTH : 42." Km. without affecting the level of the • STATIONS: 33 groundwater outside the walls of - PA88~Y. 2 MIIIoM the tunnel, to ensure the stability of adjacent buildings.

Method of construction LINE No. 2 : The first stage of the works was SHUBRA EL KHEIMA-EL MONIB the construction of the necessary - lENant : 2 1,00 Km. diversions of public utilities, either - 8TATk>NQ : 20 temporarily or permanently. Tren­ - PA88.~Y 1.80 MUlon ching for the walls was carried out using cement/bentonite slurry, for the precast walls (usually in tunnel LINE No. 3 : sections) and bentonite slurry for / IMBABA - SALAH SALEM ../ ELG IZA the cast in-situ walls (usually in ..- GOVERNORATE TO CAIRO AlRPORT • the stations). When the trenching (UNOER sruOY) reached the designed level, the - l ENGTH : 32 Km. precast wall sections were placed - STATtONS: 2G - PASS..!OAY: 1.~ MUBon

. \. '-~

TRIBUNE n018 - ITA-AITES -JUlie 2001 9 3 • THE GREATER CAIRO METRO NETWORK

or con crete was tremmied, to form the sidewalls of the The transformers in the light power station provide sections. The precast panels, in the tunnel sections, 380 V for lighting and ancillary services. The modern were 0.45 x 2.5 m x 12 m long, with every tenth panel systems of fire detection and fire fighting equipment incorporating a refuge recess. Each joint was fitted can be activated automatically or manually. with an interlocking water stop. According to depth, the in -situ diaphragm walls varied from 0.6 to 1 m in Architectural features of the underground stations thickness. The soil mass located between the two The architectural designs are aimed at emphasising lines of diaphragm walls was divided into stretches by the Egyptian styles and ensuring the coherence of materials and items used to facilitate the maintenan­ ce and identification of the stations. This was achie­ ved by displaying the special logo of each station on the cream-coloured walls used in ail the stations. The lighting, the seats, the flooring etc., were also desi­ gned to be uniform throughout the stations. Sadat Station is characterised by the Pharaonic style. Mubarak Station is characterised by the Islamic style, while the three other underground stations have modern, simple interiors individualised by the distri­ bution of the station logo on the walls, at different levels and intervals. The identity of each station is associated with the colour of its logo. With the operation of this metro line, Cairo is the first city in Africa and the Middle East, to have a modern underground metro system. The Une No. 1 is a miles­ tone for the City of Cairo, operating efficiently for about 14 years and transporting at present, about 1.4 million passengers per day.

lateral cement/bentonite cut-off walls. Within these UNE NO. 2 stretches, injection tubes were drilled and Unlike Une No. 1, Une No. 2 is a wholly new line. It will cement/bentonite slurry, followed by soft silica gel, extend, wh en complete, from Shubra El Kheima, was injected at the designed level of the plug, the per­ north of the Greater Cairo, to El Monib south of Giza. meability of which was checked by a pumping test. The first four phases are currently in operation and a Depending on the period of authorisation for each cali for tenders was launched in December 2000 for work site, the excavation was carried out either bot­ the implementation of the last phase (Phase 2C: 2.6 tom up or top down. In the bottom up construction, km) from Giza Suburban Stations to El Monib. The two levels of temporary strutting were provided above total length now in operation is 19 km and there are the raft slab but in the top down construction, there 18 stations was only one level of strutting between the roof and raft slabs. The internai dimensions of the completed Phase 1 (11 km) starts from Shubra El Kheima, where sections were 6 x 8.8 m for the tunnel and 6 x 18.8 m the line is either at grade or on viaduct, before ente­ for the stations. ring into a cut-and-cover tunnel, crossing the Ismailia canal inside a cofferdam. The line then continues Electrical / mechanical Works south in a bored tunnel to Sadat Station in Tahrir The power supply comes from the 66 kV national net­ Square. The route for Phase 2A (5 km) begins at Sadat work, through two different sources and four lines, to Station and runs to the west to cross under the two which the main high voltage station is connected. This branches of the River Nile, then swings to the south station feeds the metro network through 20 kV lines, after El Behoos Station and by cut-and-cover tunnel running along the metro line. The alternating current reaches the ground level before Cairo University Sta­ (AC) is modified to direct current (OC) through the rec­ tion. Phase 2B (3 km) from Cairo University Station to tifier stations to produce 1500 V fed to the catenary. Giza Suburban Station, is at grade or on a viaduct.

TRIBUNE n018 - / TA-A / lES - JUlie 2001 10 3 • THE GREATER CAIRO METRO NETWORK

CIa ~ ~ 1 ." tG ~ ~ ~ la ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- :'l 1l CI N .g l ddt: ~ G ~ J -.; ~ ~ ~ ëi .d ~ ;:a ïi l "0 • ~ . ~ Co :9 - atrfh ;;; ~ .. cl! ~ ::o! ~ li CIl 0 [zl [zl 1 r-1.a.r1~ R ! ioo ~ ilool o 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 o 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 o ~J 0 0 lo k l -- F---4 :: 0 mb ~ o ! ! i i' " i 00- ' I?i ! i : 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 o 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 _,. ,t, .1. 1 1 . ' '11 1 . '. ~ .. 'fe 65(J,M l 500.M 1 i 1300.101 i 1 170p.M 1905.wI 120p.M Une No. 2 provides interchanges with Une No. 1 at The tunnel has a bolted precast concrete segmental Mubarak and Sadat Stations and with Une 3, when lining, each ring consisting of seven segments and a constructed, at Attaba Station. It also provides inter­ key, each 1.5 m wide and 400 mm thick. The tail void change with the Egyptian National Railway services at grout, the elastomeric gasket supplemented by the Shubra El Kheima, Mubarak, Giza and Giza Suburban hydrophilic seal between the segments and the Stations. Une No. 2, in operation, includes 6 km of watertightness additive to the segment con crete are above-ground and viaduct section, with 6 at-grade sta­ factors contributed to achieve the excellent water­ tions, cut-and-cover tunnels of length 1.8 km, bored tun­ tightness in the tunnel. nel of length 9.5 km and 10 new underground stations besides the development of the existing interchange sta­ tions. Phase 1A was inaugurated in October 1996 and Phase 1 B in September 1997, followed by the inaugura­ tion of Phase 2A in April 1999 and finally, Phase 2B was inaugurated in October 2000. Despite the difficulties and challenges faced during the construction, ail phases were completed on or ahead of schedule. Bo red tunnel For the bored tunnel section, a single tunnel, 8.35m in internai diameter was constructed using two Herrenk­ necht bentonite slurry shield TBMs, 'Hatshepsut' and 'Nefertiti' for Phase 1. Each of these TBMs was 9.43m in diameter and articulated to follow the designed align­ ment. The shield used an electro-mechanical erector, a computerised guidance system (CAP) supported by conventional laser for survey control and four sets of Crossing the River Nile injection pipes embedded in the tailskin for grouting of For the first time in history, the River Nile was crossed the annular voids. For phase 2A, only one of the TBMs by a bored tunnel underneath the bed of its two (Nefertiti) was used. The TBM progress has been excep­ branches. Appropriate safety measures were taken tional for tunnels of similar diameter and ground condi­ before starting this operation to minimise expected tions with average rate of 20 m/day reaching 30 m in risks. These measures included providing the TMB some days. The tunnel was bored mainly through sand with a stone crusher to deal with large boulders if layers, containing lenses of silts and clays or 9 rave 1 and encountered. It is worthy to mention that the infrequently layers of cobbles and sometimes boulders. construction of the tunnel under the narrow western The TBM provision to grout the tail void through the tails­ branch (150 m long) and the wide eastern branch (470 kin of the shield kept the amount of settlement very small m long) was completed safely in 7 and 17 days, res­ with an average of 13 mm. pectively.

TRIBUNE n0 18 - [TA-AITES -J/Ille 2001 11 3 • THE GREATER CAIRO METRO NETWORK

Station Construction trol Point (CCP) in Ramses Complex controls and The underground stations are typically 150 m long, monitors the power distribution and is also the com­ 21 m wide and have three levels. They have been munication centre of the metro network. The signal­ built using top down construction between dia­ ling system incorporates fully automatic and manual phragm walls 1.2 m thick and extending down to 55 driving modes. m below ground level. The stations are up to 23 m Trains are equipped with software which allows below ground level and with a water table 21 m automatic, semi-automatic and manual operations. above this. Soil injection was used to form a low per­ The designed maximum speed is 80 km/h with a meability plug, 7 m thick, at the base of the walls. minimum headway of 105 seconds. Maintenance of The principles used for the architectural features are the rolling stock is carried out at workshops at Shu­ similar to those of Line nO.1. Each station has a logo bra El Kheima capable of carrying out from light reflecting the Egyptian arts and cultures. Ali the sta­ maintenance works to major overhauls using the tions are equipped with ventilation, escalators, ele­ most advanced equipment and computerised main­ vators, entry and exit control systems, an automatic tenance systems. ticket system, smoke and fire detection and public Line 2 is operating efficiently and successfully trans­ address system. porting at present 1.2 million passengers per day. With the successful operation of Line 1 and Line 2 Electrical / mechanical Works together, the beneficial impact of the metro network Power of the system is provided from Ramses High on the public transport of Cairo is appreciated by ail Voltage station and distributed by 400 km of cables its citizens and there is public pressure for an early belonging to a 20 kv network. The Centralized Con- start of Line No. 3.

CONSULTIN ENGINEER MOHARRAM / BAKHOUM ",:,~ I ùJtJUa:W~ 1 ù,....~ 1 ry.'-! 1 r..r--o

Web Site : oce.com.eg E.Mall : oceOlntoutch.com Tel : 202 . 3377120 Fax : 202 . 3498254 EGYPT

• Structural System, Analysis and Design. Infrastructure, Public Utilities and Municipal Services. Transport Planning. Road Access and Traffic Management. Water Supply Distribution. Sanitation , Sewerage , Wastewater Treatement and Diposal . Infrastructure Management, Operations and Maintenance. Cost Planning, Estimating and Budgeting . 4· THE GREATER CAIRO WASTE WATER PROJECT Le nouveau programme de collecte des eaux usées du Grand Caire a été approuvé dans les années 70. Il prévoit la suppres­ sion des eaux usées des zones urbaines et leur traitement pour réutilisation dans l'irrigation. La mise en place de ce programme a nécessité la construction d'un collecteur principal de 9,7 km de long et environ 10 km de collecteurs secondaires, tous construits au tunnelier. Des extensions sont en cours de construction ou en projet.

The Master plan of the new wastewater collection water table along the tunnel alignment is located system for the Greater Cairo was produced and at shallow depths of a few meters below ground approved in the 1970s. The main aim of the project surface. was to replace the old overloaded collection system, which was constructed in 1909 with some extensions TUNNEL BORING MACHINES and improvements conducted in the 1920s and 1960s. The design of the new master plan was made ln the late 1980s, construction of major sections of with the main objective of removing wastewater from the spine tunnel (9 .7 km long, between Ain El-Sierra the urban areas of the city, and to treat sewage to per­ and Ameria) was completed using five bentonite slur­ mit its safe re-use for the irrigation and crop fertilisa­ ry TBMs excavating diameter of up to 6.1 m. This was tion of desert areas and the Nile Delta. This master the first trial of tunnelling using bentonite slurry TBMs plan includes the construction of a main deep collec­ in Egypt. Two 6.1 m diameter Hydroshields were used tor as weil as a network of branch tunnels under the for the northern section of this tunnel. These two heavily populated urban areas situated on the east machines were manufactured by NEI to a Bade and bank of the River Nile. Theelan design. The remaining three TBMs were manufactured under Okumura licence by Markham and used in the central drives of the spine tunnel. The EAST BANK NEW WASTEWATER NETWORK

The main collector of the new east 50. =::::i::::::::I::::::t:::::I' bank wastewater network is desi­ gned as a spine tunnel of about 18 km long from Maadi in the south to Ameria in the north. The tunnelling drives of the main collector and the branch tunnels between Ain El -Sier­ ra and Ameria were completed and this major part of the new network was put into operation during the 1990s. These tunnels were constructed under the central urban districts of Cairo. This region was built in the Nile valley on recent allu­ vial and diluvial deposits of up to several hundred meters thick that are underlain by the limestone mari­ ne formations. Most of the comple­ ted tunnels were advanced through the recent deposits that consist mainly of silt and clay layers of several meters thick underlain by sand and gravely sand layers. However, the spine tunnel alignment along the southern part near Ain EI­ Sierra is situated within the limesto­ ne formations. In general, ground-

TRIBUNE n018 - ITA -AiTES -JUli e 2001 13 4 • THE GREATER CAIRO WASTE WATER PROJECT

150% of the theoretical size. This ope­ ration was carried out through holes in the segments at a location several rings behind the machine to avoid any detri­ mental effects on the tail seals. The secondary lining consisted of a cast-in­ place 900 reinforced concrete invert­ slab forming full shell with layers of acid-resistant blue bricks.

BRANCH TUNNELS Tens of kilometers of the main branch tunnels were constructed during the 1990s to connect the spi ne tunnel to the main urban districts of Cairo. Seve­ rai Lovat earth pressure balance TBMs, excavating up to 3.25 m in diameter, were utilized to construct some of excavated diameter of one of these three machines these tunnels. On the other hand, smaller branch tun­ was about 6.1 m while the remaining two TBMs exca­ nels, of up to 1 m in diameter, were constructed using vated sm aller a diameter of about 5.15 m. The five the micro-tunnelling techniques. bentonite slurry TBMs were provided with Mitsui type wire brush tail-seals. The maximum-recorded rates of CURRENT EXTENSION OF SPINE TUNNEL advance of the 6.1-m diameter machines were 168 The spi ne tunnel of the Greater Cairo Wastewater Pro­ m/week by the Okumura TBM and 118 m/week by the ject is currently being extended southward from Ain Bade and Theelan TBM. El-Sierra to Maadi through limestone formations The southern section of the spine tunnel between Ain (Maadi Rock Tunnel). A 5.35-m diameter Herrenk­ El-Sierra and Saidah Zainab (5.15 m excavated dia­ necht TBM, with hard rock cutter head, is being utili­ meter, 2.5 km long), as weil as several kilometers of sed along this 3.3-km long extension. A sm aller dia­ smaller secondary branch tunnels, were constructed meter tunnel (2.2 km long) will be also constructed as using open face semi-mechanised shields advancing a branch sewer connected to this extension. under compressed air. In addition, a controlled blas­ ting technique was utilised to advance the tunnel through a fractured limestone section near the sou­ thern end near Ain El-Sierra.

ACCESS SHAFTS AND TUNNEL LlNING Twenty construction access shafts were provided along the 12.2-km section of the spine tunnel bet­ ween Ain El-Sierra and Ameria. These shafts were constructed as pneumatic caissons. The tunnel was lined with precast reinforced concrete ribbed seg­ ments 0.8 to 1.0 m long as a primary lining. Each ring of the precast segments was provided with a tapered segment to negotiate the curved tunnel alignment. The joints between segments were sealed using either neoprone or hydrotite gaskets. The annular gap between the outside surface of the precast lining and the excavated surface of the soil was grouted under pressure to a volume of about

TRIBUNE n018 - I TA-AITES - Jlllle 2001 14 5 • EL SALAM SYPHON UNDER SUEZ CANAL Afin d'irriger une nouvelle zone, un nouveau canal El Salam canal a été construiit afin d'apporter l'eau du Nil dans le Sinaï: Ce canal passe sous le canal de Suez au moyen de 4 tunnels parrallèles de 775 m de long et 6,5 m de diamètre.

A comprehensive land reclamation project is being SUBSURFACE CONDITION AND TBM implemented in Northern Sinai, Egypt. About The subsurface condition at the syphon site consists of 400,000 feddans are being developed on the east about 28 m of high plastic, very soft silty clay underlain side of Suez Canal. Due to the limited an nuai rain­ by layers of medium dense to very dense graded to fine fall in this region, irrigation water has been sup­ sand. A relatively thin layer of stiff clay was also encoun­ plied from the Damietta branch of the Nile River as tered within these sand layers. One 6.56 m diameter weil as from two main drains located east of the bentonite slurry TBM was used to advance the four tun­ Nile delta. After full development, about 4450 mil­ nels. This Herrenknecht Mixshield had a spoke-type cut­ lion cubic meters per year will be transported east­ ting-wheel with a grouting system through the tail skin. ward through the newly constructed El-Salam Canal up to Suez Canal. This irrigation water will pass underneath Suez Canal to Sinai through four TUNNEL LlNING parallel tunnels, 775 m long each, that form EI­ The tunnels were provided with two linings with a water­ Salam Syphon. proofing membrane in between. The primary lining consisted of solid precast reinforced concrete segments, DESIGN OF SYPHON 300 mm thick. Each ring was formed of 7 segments and a key. The secondary lining was a 320 mm-thick cast-in­ The hydraulic design of the syphon was based on place plain concrete. The primary lining was designed to maximum and minimum flows of 160 cubic metres withstand 75% of the overburden pressure and 100% per second (during June and July) and 42 cu bic hydrostatic pressure at maximum depth to the tunnel metres per second (during October), respectively. axis of approximately 45 meters. The function of the pri­ The choice of a four-tunnel scheme provided an mary lining, however, was to enable the unreinforced improved flexibility as regards operation, particu­ secondary lining to be constructed in a safe and dry larly during the low flow months, and maintenance. environment. The secondary lining was designed to The inclined inlet and outlet have a gradient of 1 carry the full overburden and hydrostatic pressures. vertical: 5 horizontal with a 1 vertical: 200 horizon­ Execution of the secondary lining of each tunnel was tal gradient for the section beneath the canal to a carried out only after complete excavation of the neigh­ low point on the east side. At the inlet and outlet bouring tunnels in order to prevent any damage to the structures, the tunnels are at 12 m centres. They secondary lining. diverge to 15 m centres for most of the horizontal Construction of the first tunnel started in 1995 and the alignment under Suez Canal. syphon was inaugurated in 1997.

FINE S~''D

CRA Y SILTY CLAY

SILn' CLAY PROFILE ALIG MENT

TRIBUNE n018 - ITA-AI TES -iulle 2001 15 16 · EL AZHAR ROAD TUNNEL Dans le cadre du plan de préservation et de développement du centre historique fatimid du Caire, il a été décidé de construire un tunnel routier de 2,7 km. Chaque tube a un diamètre intéieur de 8,35m. ils ont été construits avec un tunnelier qui avait pré­ cedemment servi à la construction de la ligne 2 du métro du Caire.

As part of the general plan for the preservation and an easy task. Also, passing underneath the existing development of the historie Fatimid area of Cairo, it main wastewater tunnel, at a depth of 17m below was decided to construct two road tunnels. The ground level in Port Said Street, was a main Fatimid area of Cairo, dating back to the 10th Cen­ constraint during both design and construction. Fur­ tury, is the historie Islamic Cultural centre of the City, thermore, special measures were taken to avoid any which includes architectural treasures of old damage to the existing old buildings and interferen­ Mosques and Palaces. The twin road tunnels aim to ce with the piled foundations of an existing bridge in create a vehicular free surface region for tourism El Azhar Street. Extensive surveys were carried out and pedestrians, as weil as improving the environ­ to identify the foundations and the structural condi­ mental conditions, in this important zone. tion of the existing structures, where tunnels would be bored underneath or adjacent to them and inclu­ TUNNEL ALlGNMENT ded surveys of the utilities. Each tunnel is 2.7-km long extending between Salah CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES Salem Street and Opera Square in the center of Cairo. Each tunnel has an internai diameter of 8.35 The cut-and-cover construction method was used in m. One of the TBMs that were used for the the execution of the entrance and exit sections of construction of Metro Line No. 2 was utilised for the each tunnel as weil as for the four ventilation sta­ construction of El Azhar tunnels. Each tunnel pro­ tions. The pits at two of these ventilation stations, vides two traffic lanes, unidirectional, designed to Gohar El Kaed and Attaba Square, were used as the allow the passage of private cars, taxis and buses of entry and exit shafts for the TBM. The two other 4-m maximum height. Lorries will not be allowed to ventilation stations were constructed at El Hussien enter the tunnels. Square and Port Said Street. The alignment of the two tunnels faced several Between the cut-and-cover sections, the tunnels constraints and difficulties. The location of the ven­ were bored in a generally sandy layer, containing tilation stations in such a congested zone was not occasional thin layers of silty clay and boulders,

.1

.\ arr" COVJIIl ûîitT . l

TRIBUNE n018 - ITA-Al7ES - Jlllle 2001 16 L. ·EL AZHAR ROAD TUNNEL

except at Port Said Street, where a thick layer of hard boulders was encountered. Fortunately, the fire mains, fire hydrants, hosereels and unit fire TBM was originally equipped with a stone. extinguishers containing powder and C02. 5. Air quality monitoring instruments, to check the EMERGENCY EXITS degree of noxious fumes and alarms which will alert the operators to any problems with the ventilation At the beginning of the project, it was planned to equipment. have emergency exits every 400 m and two cross 6. Emergency telephones. passages, lin king the two tunnels - one between Gohar El Kaed and El Hussein Square and the other 7. A dewatering pump station, to prevent flooding of between El Hussein Square and Port Said Street. the tunnels. After further study of the safety measures, these two 8. Standby generators in case of loss of the main cross passages were cancelled and the number of power supply. emergency exits was increased to every 100 m 9. Continuously manned Operations Control Room. along the sidewalks. These exits are provided with The El Azhar Road Tunnels have been designed to slide escapes to the gallery under the roadway. In meet the highest possible safety measures, rules, case of a fire, these escapes will assist in the eva­ regulations and operation principles. Ali the main cuation of people to safely reach the ventilation sta­ civil works of the project are completed successful­ tions, which contain lifts and stairs to the surface. It Iy. The electro/mechanical installations and the fini­ was also decided to incorporate a sprayed fireproof shing works are in progress. lining to the tunnels to resist a 1OOMW fire. The project is scheduled to be completed by the end of May 2001 followed by two months of inte­ SAFETY MEASURES gration tests of ail the systems and equipment. Great care has also been taken to incorporate mea­ sures that will ensure that the safety of users is pro­ tected to the highest degree. These measures inclu­ de: 1. CCTV coverage, by remotely controlled colour cameras, along the whole length of the tunnels and their approaches. 2. Controlled lighting to ensure that driver's sight is not affected by the varying levels of light from the surface to the interior of the tunnels. 3. Fire Detection instruments, along the tunnels, to detect smoke and excessive heat. 4. Fire Extinguishing Systems including pressurised

TRIBUNE n018 - /TA-A /TES - JUlie 2001 17 7 • TAHRIR CAR PARK IN CENTRAL CAIRO La place Tahrir est l'une des places principales du centre du Caire. Elle est notamment bordée par le "Egyptian Museum ". Le manque chronique de parkings dans le centre du Caire a amené la municipalité à développer, sur la base d'une concession, un complexe souterrain comprenant parking, commerces et loisirs.

Tahrir Square is one of the main squares and the cars below the air-conditioned entertainment absolute center of Cairo. It is surrounded by the facilities that they would use when dining out or famous Nile Hilton Hotel, the Egyptian Museum, viewing a film. This will provide further high-end the Arab League Headquarters, the American services to the generally affluent visitors to the University and one of the main governmental area. These visitors are mainly the hotel guests, buildings, which include various departments students and professors of the American Univer­ (Mogama El Tahrir). The Square is a prime mee­ sity in Cairo, the Arab league visitors and Cairo ting point for huge numbers of commuters, tou­ Museum tourists. This will also increase the rists, students and the growing working force. shopping and dining options in the central part of The chronic shortage of parking in the area and Cairo, which is served now in highly congested, the need of an entertainment facility lead Cairo mostly scattered manner. This last item is governorate to develop a multi story under­ expected to be especially enticing in the hot ground parking garage, retail and entertainment summer months wh en the attraction of an air­ complex in Tahrir Square on the basis of BOT. conditioned facility will be particularly appealing. Two sites in the area were chosen to accommo­ Finally, the new development is designed to have date the requirements of Cairo governorate and a public green park on top of the surface area, to ensure the revenue anticipated by the feasibi­ with a glass pyramidal entrance to take ad vanta­ lit Y study. ge of natural light. The aesthetic appeal of the surrounding environment will be substantially improved and will therefore attract even more DEVELOPMENT RATIONALE visitors to the new facilities. The new develop­ The general rationale for this new development is ment is currently being implemented under two to provide an underground parking facility and sites in Tahrir Square. moreover a retail and entertainment complex. This will enhance car park revenues after busi­ SITE 1 ness hours whereby visitors would park their This is the larger of the two project's sites. It faces the Egyptian Museum from the north side, Merit Street from the east, the Nile Hilton hotel and Arab League Headquarters from the west and El Tahrir Street from the south. The under­ ground interchanges of the Sadat Station of metro lines (1 & 2) are located along the east and south sides of this site. Site 1 has a total land area of 21 ,000 m2 and will consist of four under­ ground levels. Level 4 and 3 will be dedicated to a car park facility and lever 2 and 1 will be main­ Iy used for a commercial and entertainment com­ plex and the bus parking. Limited car parking is

TRIBUNE n018 - ITA -AI TES - Jill 1(' 2001 18 G HRIR CAR PA~~ IN CENTRAL CAIRO

also provided on level 1 and 2 as weil as on a only for car parking with a total capacity of 636 mezzanine transport level between these two cars. It is located 100 meters away from Site 1 levels. The parking area will have a capacity of and contains four underground car park levels. 1,553 passenger cars and 48 large buses. ln addition to the underground car park and The entertainment center is designed to have its entertainment center, the project is designed to main entrance through a glass pyramidal shape have a public green park on top of the surface to take advantage of natural light (i.e., the same area of Site 1. This park is designed to have its concept used at the entrance to the Louvre entrance from the south side, where there is a Museum in Paris). There will be electric escala­ descent to different paths. The park is comprised tors to the center. of a large area of The center will TAHRIR CAR PARK PROJECT natural lawn, GENERAL LAVOUT contain: artistic water * Retail space for fountains, and arcades and benches to seat similar facilities the public. A large theatre will * 4 cinemas, with also be built for a maximum public perfor­ capacity of 1,200 mances and fes­ people tivals. * Bowling alley The value of the * An open food contract is 220 court million L.E. ($70 * Restaurants million); the Oocralor'lOffices * 1nternet Café construction per- • iod is 20 months SITE 2 for each site. The construction is proceeding now in the diversion of public utilities for the two This is the smaller site. It faces Tahrir Street from sites. In Site 2 the excavation, grouting injection the north side, Omar Makram Mosque from the and construction of diaphragm walls are under­ south, and "Mogamaa El Tahrir" building from the way. The expected date of completion is the end 2 east. It has a total land area of 5,000 m • Site 2 is of year 2002

TRIBUNE n018 - ITA-AJ1ES -Julie 2001 19 8 • FUTURE TUNNELLING PROJECTS IN EGYPT 1 L'étude récente sur le système de transport du Grand Caire recommande la construction de 4 nouvelles lignes de métro. Une étude sur le transport réalisée en 1986, préconise la construction d'un métro léger pour Alexandrie la deuxième ville du pays. Un tunnel foré de 3 km sera nécessaire pour passer sous le Canal de Suez dans le cadre de la construction de la j nouvelle route permettant de relier la Lybie à la Palestine via Alexandrie et port Saïd.

1. EXTENSION OF THE GREATER CAIRO METRO 2. The total length of the line is approximately 30 km NETWORK most of which is in bored tunnel and will be implemen­ A recent transportation study of the Greater Cairo region ted in four phases. The project includes a Main Work­ was completed in 1999 and recommended the imple­ shop adjacent to the western terminal of the line and a mentation of four new metro lines, Unes 3, 4, 5 and 6, in Ught Repair Workshop at the middle of the line at Abba­ addition to the two existing lines presently under opera­ sia. tion. The completed Metro Network will be capable of The implementation of Une No. 3 will start with Attaba to serving most of the densely populated areas in the Grea­ Abbasia section, the first phase, followed by the second ter Cairo region, which is in much need of a mass transit phase from Abbasia to Heliopolis, which are the most system. The Metro Network includes many interchange urgent sections for the transportation needs. The basic stations between the six metro lines and also provides design of phase 1, 6 km in length, has just started and interchange facilities with existing main railway stations will be completed by the end of year 2001 to be ready for and bus terminal stations. launching as an international tender for its construction. Une No. 3 in this plan has become an important project; The design of phase 1 is taking into consideration the this line extends from the north west of the Greater Cairo safe crossing of two major underground structures; at Imbaba to the north-east at Heliopolis and will also namely, the line 2 bored tunnel at Attaba and the waste­ serve the Cairo International Airport. The line crosses water spine tunnel north of Attaba. It is also planned that under the two branches of the River Nile, same as Une some of the underground stations will be extensively used as commercial centres. These stations will be constructed by the cut-and-cover method and the rolling stock will be fed by power through a third rail. Une No. 4 crosses the region from the south­ west at AI Ahram to the east at Nasr City, a leng­ th of 24 km most of which is also in bored tunnel and crosses under the two branches of the River Nile. Une No. 5 is a half-circular line connecting lines 1, 2,3 and 4 and has a length of 20 km. The enti­ re route is in bored tunnel. "+

~ etroline 1 (MRT) ~ etroline2 (MRT)

• • • •• Metro exlen!tion _ Metro line 3 (MRT) c=> M etro lino 4 (MRT) _ Metro line S ILRT) == Metroline6 (lRT) I_~- &. S~ Transfer

_ Metro - Metro

__ Ring mad

TRIBUNE n018 -!TA-AITES -Julie 2001 20 8· FUTURE TUNNELLING PROJECTS IN EGYPT

Une No. 6 is a longitudinalline stretching from the north crossing the highly populated area of the city, a length of the city to the south, a length of 19 km, most of of 8.5 km. which is in bored tunnel. The third and last section will be partially in tunnel and The six metro lines are planned to meet the transporta­ partially on viaduct tion demands of the Greater Cairo area up to the year 2022. However, the actual construction and implemen­ II I. PORT SAlO ROAD TUNNEL tation schedule will be restricted by the available fun­ ding resources. The proposed location of this project is 19 km south of Port Said City where the road will cross under the Suez II. ALEXANDRIA REGIONAL METRO Canal through a tunnel. This tunnel has been conside­ red as one of the main requirements for the success of Alexandria is the second largest Governate in Egypt. A the new extensive developments of the East of Port transportation study carried out in 1986 recommended Said project, which inciudes a new harbour and 87km2 the implementation of a Regional Metro Une extending of land earmarked for industrial and agricultural invest­ fram Abou Kir at the far east of the city to El Amreya at ment. The proposed tunnel is also considered as an the far west of the city, a length of approximately 55 essential element of the International Coastal Road extending from Ubya to Gaza in Palestine via Alexan­ dria and Port Said. The tunnel will allow the passage of private cars and commercial vehicies, inciuding lorries with trailers. ,

TRAC K IN U N D ERGROUN D TUNNEL

km. The line will benefit from the use of the existing rail­ way line from Abou Kir to Misr station in the middle of the city, a length of 21.5 km, the first priority of the pro­ posed Metro line. A new study of the project, completed in 1999, presen­ ted the detailed alignment of the whole length of the line, the basic design of the first section of the line, and the relevant documents for an international tender. The Port Sil id ROlld Tunnel project western terminal of the line was amended in this recent study to be west of the Hanoveel district at Kp 21, The total length of the tunnel and approaches is Alexandria-Matrouh road. Therefore, the total length of approximately 3 km and it will be a bored tunnel. Offers the line will be 46 km. The line will use heavy rolling were invited in 1999 to implement the project on a BOT stock fed through an overhead line catenary system. basis. However, only unacceptable bids were received. The first section of the line will be partially on grade and A new deciaration will be announced in the next few partially on viaduct along 21 .5 km. This section will months. To improve the financial aspects of the project, include the construction of a main power station, an a considerable area of land will be given to the conces­ operational control centre and the main workshop. sion company for development, in addition to the toll The second section of the line will be in bored tunnel systems at the tunnel entrances.

TRIBUNE n018 - ITA-AJ7ES - JI/ne 2 001 21 MEMBER NATIONS 2000 REPORT

GER MAN Y _o. ':"'''''T~.-:

1 DAUB - The German Tunnelling Committee is a length 3.5 km; outer diameter 14.2 m, maximum restricted association with up to 30 members water pressure about 5 bars. In early 2000 the TBM coming from owners, scientific institutions and drive could be successfully finished. At present the consultants as weil as from contractors. The results cut-and-cover sections at both ends are in the final of the 2 working groups active in 2000 have been stage of execution. • New ICE high speed lines published and are going to be published in the inter­ (300 km/hl: a) between Cologne and FrankfurtiMain national journal "Tunnel". Annual contacts are held with a total length of 219 km including 29 double­ with the National Groups of Austria and Switzerland. track tunnels with a total covered length of 42 km. This line is planned to be finished in 2002. b) bet­ AUB ran 2 working groups during 2000: • crite­ ween Nuremberg and Ingolstadt with a total length Dria for choice and evaluation of TBM, • lining of 89 km including 9 double track tunnels with a systems of tunnels excavated by underground total covered length of approx. 26 km. This line is means. These working groups are of a temporary planned to be finished in 2003. • DB project Stutt­ nature and will be closed as soon as they have fini­ gart 21 putting the presently above ground main shed their special task. Most members of these station underground by simultaneously turning over working groups are also members of DAUB, but 90° in plan view; this project involves besides the specialists from outside are also involved in some new underground main station nearly 40 km cases. The results of the working groups are publi­ single/double track tunnels; intensive design work shed in technical journals, preferably in " Tunnel", was started in 1997. First construction works star­ but sometimes also in the German handbook of tun­ ted in 1998. After an intermediate delay, the project nelling (edited annually). Examples are mentioned was taken up again in early 2001. The entire project above. will be finished around 2010. General details on tunnelling in Germany can be he following major tunnelling projects were run­ seen in table below. Tning in Germany in 2000: • Traffic tunnels in the central area of Berlin: length 3.7 km; outer diameter Type in operation under planned 9.8 m; bundling of 4 shield driven railway tunnels as of tunnel construction weil as 1 open-cut metro and 1 open-cut highway tunnel, ail 6 undercrossing the river Spree, the metro 630 20 70 green of Tiergarten and the navigable Landwehrka­ railway 480 80 210 nal (canal) in the future governmental area, • 4th road 190 60 90 shield driven bore of river Elbe tunnel in Hamburg: total 1 ,300 160 370

n order to promote the mutual interests of the Aus­ and TBM-driven tunnel construction. Regarding ltrian Tunnel Engineers, and to further use and deve­ conventional tunnelling most advanced developments lop respective know-how, as weil as to represent and have been presented for excavation works, support cooperate within the frame of the International Tunnel­ measures, muck logistics and new possibilities of early ling Association, leading tunnel professionals of Aus­ tria reorganized the Austrian National Committee of ITA rock investigation. Papers on mechanical tunnelling (ANCI) in 1998. On the basis of the success of the 1st did present profound interactions between rock, pro­ Austrian Tunnel Day, the 2nd Austrian Tunnel Day was ject principals, support measures and lining as weil as successfully organized by ANCI on October 11 , 2000 design principals and equipment for tunnel boring with more than 390 attendees. On the occasion of his machines. Through coordination of these parameters, opening speech the President of the ITA, Prof. Dr. A. progress rates can be improved, having a direct Haak, presented ITA's activities and strategies. Contri­ impact on the total cost of the project. In this the Aus­ butions to the Tunnel Day were submitted and presen­ ted at approximately 2/3 from international leading trian Tunnel Day 2000 contributed significantly to com­ tunnel professionals, giving a wide-spread overview on prehensive information on mechanical tunnelling at the actual state of the art of mechanization in convention al most advanced level.

TRIBUNE n018 - I TA-A I Tl:.'S - .fI/lie 200J 22 ,~: A U S TRI A

ustria is actively involved within 9 ITA Working Chain Wels West, Upper Austria (2 x 2.0 km), Tunnel Groups ry../G) with 16 individual representatives. R. Neumarkt, Upper Austria (1.3 km), Tunnel Noitzmühle­ Galler has been appointed to act as Working Group Unterschauersberg, Upper Austria (2 x 1.6 km) , Tunnel coordinator within the Austrian National Committee of Kalvarienberggürtel, Styria, Tunnel Spital / Semmering, the ITA. ANCI is additional actively involved within 2 Styria (2 x 2.5 km), Plabutsch Tunnel, 2nd Tube, Styria National Working Groups (NWG) with 20 individual (8 .9 km), Tunnel Strengen, Tyrol (2 x 5.8 km) , Grabern representatives. There is one NWG, headed by E. Tunnel, 2nd Tube, Carinthia (2.8 km), Herzogberg Tun­ Schneider and M. John, responsible for the develop­ nel, 2nd Tube, Styria (2.1 km), Semmering Tunnel, ment of design criteria and regular cross sections for Lower Austria/Styria (2 x 3.5 km), Tunnel Steinhaus, mechanical driven road and railway tunnels focusing Styria (2 x 2.0 km), Tunnel Obdach, Styria (2.0 km), on specifications and contract conditions for tunnel Tunnel Selzthal, Styria (1.0 km) , Amberg Tunnel , 2nd boring machines. The other NWG, headed by G. Jodl, Tube, Vorarlberg (3 .0 km), Achrain Tunnel , Vorarlberg is responsible for pre-cast concrete tunnel lining seg­ (3 .2 km) . • High Speed Railway Tunnels 51,6 km: ments including recommendations for design, produc­ Haag, Upper Austria (6.5 km), Semmering Pilot tunnel, tion, logistics, installation and maintenance of seg­ Styria(9 km) , Vomp Ost Pilot Tunnel (3.2 km), Vomp ments focusing on guidelines for the tunnelling indus­ West Pilot Tunnel (1.2 km), Brixlegg Ost Pilot Tunnel try. (2.5 km), Brixlegg West Pilot Tunnel (1.6 km) Fiecht Pilot Tunnel (1 .2 km), Blisadonna Tunnel (2.3 km) , Wie­ he tunnels currently in construction are as follows: nerwald Tunnel (11.6 km), Lainzer Tunnel (12.5 km). T• Road Tunnels 76,7 km : Tunnel Klaus, Upper Aus­ • Metro in Vienna 3,2 km: Lot U1 North Extension (3 .2 tria (2 x 1.9 km) , Tunnel Falkenstein, Upper Austria (2 x km), Lot U2/1 Schottenring (in design), Lot U2/2 1 .5 km) , Tunnel Kienberg, Upper Austria (2 x 1.5 km), ToborstraBe (in design), Lot U2/2 Pratersterri (in desi­ Tunnel Spering, Upper Austria (2 x 2.9 km), Tunnel gn), Lot U2/4 Messe (in design), Lot U2/5 Stadion (in Chain Kirchberg, Upper Austria (2 x 1.0 km), Tunnel design).

• October 30 ~ November 1 - Main Conference . 175 papers will be presented by three parai lei sessions based on 6 topies • Registration Fee:

Before August 31 After September 1 For IT A members JPV 35,000 JPV 40,000

• Technical Exhibition (27 exhibitors) • October 29 - Short Courses • November 2 - Technical Tours

Oct.30 ~ Nov. 1, 2001 Kyoto International Conference Hali Kyoto, JAPAN

Sponsored by For more information: lapanese Geotechnical Society UGS) visit the web site: http://toshi .kuciv.kyoto-u .ac.jp/- iskyoto/ lapan Tunnelling Association UTA) International Tunnelling Association (IT A) Mail address to : IS-KYOTO 2001 , Department of Civi l Engineering, Kyoto Un iversity, - Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan o Tel. +81-75-753-5 106, Fax. +81-75-753-5 104 e-mail : iskyoto@toshi .kuciv.kyoto-u.ac. jp -~-:-I A U S T R ALI A ' :~;

he Australian Underground Construction and TTu nnelling Association (AU CTA) has approxima­ tely 400 members including 43 silver supporting mem bers and 15 gold supporting members . AU CTA has local groups in Sydney, Brisbane and Melbourne. he AUCTA National Group has 14 members representing the local groups, The Australian Shotcrete Society, The Institution of Engineers (lEAust) and The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM). The group under National Chairman Garry Ash , has made a number of signifi­ cant achievements in the past year. These achieve­ ments include:. Regular attendance at International GeoENG. The workshop, attended by Dr Alfred Tunnelling Association Conferences, • Organisation Haack, President of the ITA and Professor Ray Ster­ of the 2002 World Tunnel Congress and the AITES - ling attracted 26 attendees. ITA General Assembly to be held in Sydney, 2 - 8 unnelling and underground space projects in March 2002. • Improving relations with the IEAust TAustralia average between 15 km / annum and and The AuslMM with meetings being held with 25 km / annum with a number of major projects both of these groups on a local and national level.. being completed in the last year. These include: · The establishment of an AUCTA web site The tunnelling component of the North Side Stora­ (www.aucta.com.au) • Involvement of the Australian ge Tunnel in Sydney (approx 22 km) • The twin three Mining Tunnelling industry in AUCTA activities. In lane Crafers road tunnel in Adelaide. • The tunnel­ November 2000, AUCTA and ITA representatives ling component of the S1 Sewer in Brisbane. • The participated in GeoENG 2000, organized by the South-East Transit busway tunnels in Brisbane. • Australian Geomechanics Society in Melbourne. A Graham Turner Freeway Project in Perth. • Eastern very successful one day workshop entitled "Tunnel­ Distributor Tunnel in Sydney. • Transurban Freeway

ling in the Urban Environment" was held at Tunnel in Melbourne. 1

-- BELGIUM '<-

n the 1st of January 2001 , the number of mem­ Obers was 143, composed of 86 collective affi­ liates (- 23 compared to 2000) and 57 individual affi­ liates (- 1 compared to 2000); the tendancy to reduction is thus confirmed, and is mainly linked to the absence of tendering for new underground works. he tunnel of Cointe has been put into operation at the end of 2000 (see photograph). Study day on 08.12.2000 in Antwerp on compensation grou­ ting and visit of the works. Contacts at the Euro­ work of research on the posssibility of underground pean level with the European Commission in Brus­ storage of nuclear waste in Belgium. sels and Ispra (Common Research Center) and the Economic Commission for Europe of the United­ Other achievements are foreseen in the short or Nations (Geneva). medium term: • Tunnel for the High Speed Train in Li ège (line Brussels-Cologne); • Closing of the ring he following important works are under pro­ Tgress: • High Speed Train in Antwerp (line Brus­ mot orways of Antwerp (tunnel under the river sels-Amsterdam) : passage under the Central sta­ Scheldt) and Ghent (tunnel under the canal Ghent­ tion and under a part of the old city; • (Private) tun­ Scheldt); • Doubling (partly underground) of the rail ­ nel for lin king various parts of cement plants near way link Port of Antwerp - hinterland; • Doubling of Tournai; • Underground works in Mol in the frame- the main sewers from Brussels to the North.

TRIBUNE n018 -ITA-AlTES -J/lile 2001 24 >-=.- ;.fit--..: •. B U L G A RIA T'The aim of the Bulgarian members of ITA is mainly jects for construction of underground facilities is still 1 to make it easy to follow the latest development in expected. Among these are: The construction of the the research & practices of underground construction electric hydropower cascade "Gorna Arda" (in the and dispersing information among local engineers' Rhodopa mountain) - the total length of the tunnels is community. 13 700 m; The reconstruction of the cross-border 240m- long railroad tunnel "Deve bayir" along the ational working groups are not yet established in trans-European corridor #8; "Shipka" tunnel under Bulgaria due to the lack of significant underground the Balkan mountain range, 3 000 m long, which is to activities in the last decade. connect Northern and Southern Bulgaria; road tunnels he last decade in Bulgaria lacked any significant along the highway Sofia - Athens, total length of 1 Tunderground activities. The start of several pro- 430m.

'Y"-- . KOREA

he 1st symposium on mechanized tunnelling tech­ construction of a subway system to promote sustai­ T nology was held in Seoul on September 1, 2000. nable underground development. The symposium was organized by Korea Tunnelling Association (KTA) and co-sponsored by Korean Socie­ TThe following major tunnelling projects were run- ty of Civil Engineers (KSCE), Korean Geotechnical 1 ning in Korea in 2000: - A new railway tunnel, of Society (KGS), and Korea Society for Rock Mechanics about 16.24 km in length was planned between Tae­ (KSRM). baek and the neighboring town Dokye to improve the existing decrepit railway system in this area. It is now The international symposium on urban railways was under construction and is in circular alignment tunnel held in Seoul from 28 to 29 November, 2000. The sym­ owing to the difference of elevation of about 380m. posium was organized by the Seoul Metropolitan Government and co-sponsored by Seoul Development Since the geology of the area is rather unusual com­ Institute, Korea Transportation Institute, Korea Railway pared to the normal in South Korea, extensive geolo­ Research Institute, and Korean Tunnelling Association gical investigations have been carried out to prepare (KTA). geological maps and profiles along the planned tunnel routes. The tunnel will almost be in sedimentary rock The symposium had the aim of reviewing and promo­ formations, such as limestone, sandstone, shale, coal ting the extension of the Seoul Subway System. In four etc and be near abandoned mines. -The high speed sessions, the symposium covered the topics of plan­ ning, operation, design & construction, and rolling railroad NATM tunnel between Daejon and Daegu was stocks & signal system. In particular, the session IV, constructed by means of high tunnelling technology, chaired by Dr. T.S.Yoo dealt with design and construc­ su ch as accu rate surveying by GPS and shotcreting tion of urban tunnelling. In this session, Professor Einar by robotics. -A total of 151 highway tunnels are under Broch made presentation about the subject titled construction with 137 km in total lengths. The longest "Challenges for tunnelling in urban areas in the 21 th highway tunnel is the 'Jukreong tunnel' with a length century". There was also discussion about the of 4.52 km.

~~~' ".. DE N MAR K

he society organised the following member eve­ Swedish King on the 1st July 2000. The link carries a T nings: 4th Elbe tube in Hamburg, Copenhagen 4 lane motorway and a double track railway. The main Metro tunnelling, Operation and maintenance of tun­ elements are a 4 km long immersed tunnel, an artifi­ nels and finally Fire hazard in tunnels. A cooperation cial island and an 8 km long bridge. has been established between the Danish Society for The other significant tunnel and underground project Tunnel and Underground Works, Danish Society for in Denmark is the Copenhagen Metro. Structural Engineering, Danish Geotechnical Society and Danish IABSE. Events are coordinated and mem­ The project includes 8 km of twin tunnels with an bers of one society are invited to events organised by internai diameter of 4.9 m. The last of the two TBMs the other societies. arrived at the receiving cham ber on 13th February 2001 after having made a very good progress of 2 x 4 embers participated and contributed to ITA Wor­ km in 1 year. Best weekly production was 300 m. king Groups: No. 2, Research; No. 3, Contractual Remaining activities are finishing works, M&E works Practices and No. 11, Immersed and Floating Tunnels. and railway installations. Test runs with new trains are he link across 0resund between Sweden and Den­ taking place on an above ground section which is Tmark was opened by the Danish Queen and the completed.

TRIBUNE n018 - f TA-AiTES - June 2001 25 -....-- SPA 1 N _:.~-1:..

ilbao Metro: Work on the Bilbao Metro conti­ section of 83 m2 and a budget 216,36 million of €. Bnued throughout 2000, when the five (5) kilo­ The Somport tunnel will favour the connection bet­ metres of tunnels leading from San Ignacio to ween Spain and France through de Central Pyre­ Galindo were bored and lined. This double-track nees at an altitude of 1.193 meters, on the Euro­ tunnel starts in the Elorrieta area, on the right bank, pean route E-07. Traffic will flow in two directions, where it connects with Line 1, which is already in which is why the tunnel will have a transversal sec­ service. It goes underneath the river at a depth of tion of 10,50 metres wide for emergency situa­ about 40 metres, so as not to affect river traffic and tions.Different attacks have been undertaken at the to avoid silt deposits on the river bed. On the left same time :. these fronts have been the Spanish bank, it tunnels underneath the most heavily popu­ portal, the French portal, two intermediate fronts lated zones of Barakaldo, the second largest muni­ obtained through a connecting gallery with the rail­ cipal district in Bizkaia, as far as Galindo, on the way tunnel that exists near by, no longer in use (to western edge of the town. At the eastern end of be used as an evacuation gallery) a fifth from this Line 1, work is also being done on the Bolueta­ tunnel, starting at the French border, through a pilot Etxebarri section. This involves two bridges over gallery. the river Nervi6n and a 140-metre tunnel between igh speed railway Madrid-Zaragoza-Barcelona: the two. The work is particularly difficult because • Madrid-Gajanejos: 2 tunnels of 860 m , 2 tun­ the tunnel is in fact an extension of an old tunnel H nels of 1.772 m, 2 tunnels of 2.119 m . • Gajanejos­ that cuts through loose earth from mines abando­ Calatayud:1 tunnel of 1.732 m, 1 tunnel of 630 m, 3 ned in the last century. tunnels of 3.686 m, 2 tunnels of 1.479 m • Cala­ he Somport Tunnel: The Somport Tunnel (Ope­ tayud-Ricla: 2 tunnels of 5.292 m, 2 tunnels of Tned programmed for october 2001) With a total 1.312 m, 5 Tunnels of 2.670 m • Zaragoza-Lerida: 1 length of 8.608 meters (2/3 within Spain), a cross tunnel of 2.913 m. ------

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UNI T E D S ~ A--,L-",. ...'E ' E he American Underground Construction Asso­ AUA committees have been estblished: Costs and Tciation, a 600 member organization of profes­ benefits of Underground transit alignments which is sionnals involved in the design, construction and intended to parai lei the 1987 ITA study with US spe­ use of underground facilities, is based in Minneapo­ cific information, and an attempt to establish a life­ lis, Minnesota. • The Association publishes a news cycle cost model for underground facilities in the magazine, AUA News, and in 2000 also published a commemorative publication marking the construc­ US. In addition, work continues on the Guidelines tion of the Washington, D.C. subway system. The for Backfill grouting in tunnels and shafts, which are Association held two successfull conferences in expected to be published in the second half of 2000 - a New York regional conference in January 2001. and the North American Tunnelling 2000 conference and exhibition "Underground Construction; the he Central Artery - Tunnel project, the largest Revolution continues" in June in Boston, Massa­ Tpublic works program ever undertaken in the chusetts. United States is 70% completed. • The final section umerous members of the AUA continue to pro­ of Phase 1 of the tunnel and reservoir projects mote the use and en han cement of risk reduc­ (TARP) has been bid, with work to commence by tion / Allocation contracting practices such as the summer 2001. • The East Central Interceptor Sewer Disputes Review Board and the Geotechnical Base­ (ECIS) is underground construction in Los Angeles. line Report. A significant outcome is that in January This is a major project which will be completed by 2001, following 15 months of committee effort, the 2004. • A light rail transit line scheduled to be built American Arbitration Association published rules in Seattle, WA, is still under discussion. • The east­ and procedures for the use of Dispute Review side extension of the Los Angeles Metro Red Line is Boards. The US representative to WG n05 has been working with the tutor for Chapter 2 of the fire resis­ now planned to be a light rail line with a short sec­ tance for tunnels publication, and is also developing tion of tunnel. • Many major underground projects typical cross-sections for the document. Two new are in the planning stages in New York city.

TRIBUNE n018 - /TA -A/TES - JI/Ile 2001 26 n ongoing, two years research project will study Finland. A long railway tunnel for the new, planned Ahow leakages in rock spaces could be preven ­ Vuosaari harbour in Helsinki is under study. The ted and how watertightness of rock spaces and tun­ cities Helsinki and Espoo have recently prepared a nels could be improved. Tekes, the National Tech­ preliminary design of metro line alternatives to nology Agency in Finland has started a 5 years Infra extend the Helsinki metro to Espoo. A number of Technology Program. The branch of rock enginee­ underground car park halls are underway and plan­ ring has set up subprogram Competiveness of rock ned in different city centres in Finland. In Helsinki Engineering. This subprogram will be included as under Salmisaari power plant there are underground rockengineering R&D program in Infra Technology coal stores of about 400,000 m3 under construction. program. EUROCK 2001 symposium will be organi­ The coal will be moved from surface to the under­ zed 3-7.June 2001 in Espoo, Finland ground stores and office buildings will replace the n many infrastructure projects underground solu­ coal store above ground. In the same area, an ltions are the only real alternative, because under­ underground district cold production and delivery ground facilities make effective use of space in plant connected to the combined heat and power urban environments and preserve the natural envi­ plant of Salmisaari is under construction. The exten­ ronment ab ove ground. There are several motorway sion of the Viikinmaki underground wastewater road tunnels underway and under planning on High­ treatment plant is under construction in Helsinki. way 1 between the cities of Helsinki and Turku in The extension will enlarge the plant by 185 000 m3

: FRANCE

1 Lacaractéristique principale de l'AFTES est la travaux publics et carrières commercialisés en Fran­ grande activité de son Comité Technique et de ce. ses groupes de travail. Son site Web permet le télé­ chargement gratuit des 19 recommandations nt démarré les travaux de Socatop (A 86) dont actuellement traduites en anglais. Les prochaines Ol'originalité est le tube autoroutier à gabarit journées de l'AFTES auront lieu en octobre 2002 à réduit (il y a également un tube à gabarit normal Toulouse (voir site Web). pour les PL). Les projets importants sont ceux liés à des liaisons ferroviaires (tunnel franco-espagnol in 2000 il Y a 23 groupes de travail en activité, du Perthus et liaison Lyon-Turin dont les galeries de auquel il faut ajouter un groupe franco-suisse sur reconnaissance pourraient démarrer en 2002. D'im­ le creusement mécanisé et le boulonnage. L'activité de ces groupes et du Comité Technique est toujours portant travaux sont également en cours pour aussi soutenue (333 participants dans les l'amélioration de la sécurité suite à l'incendie du groupes).Trois nouvelles recommandations ont été tunnel sous le Mont Blanc. Les travaux du Métro de publiées en 2000: choix des techniques d'excava­ Toulouse (prolongement première ligne et deuxième tion mécanisée, étanchéité et drainage des ligne) démarreront fin 2001. Toulouse accueillera les ouvrages souterrains, explosifs à usage de mines, Journées de l'AFTES 2002 .

~.'.- 1 CEL AND -.. .:.._, T he Icelandic Tunnelling Society which represents he year 2000 was not productive in terms of the ITA National Group of Iceland is an indepen­ T tunnel construction. No new projects were star­ dant group of tunnelling professionals with corpora­ ted but investigations and comprehensive planning te and ordinary members. No seminars or meetings for a number of new projects, both in the road and hydropower sectors, were ongoing were organised in 2000 but members are heavily involved in investigations and planning

TRIBUNE n018 - ITA-AITES :f u lle 2001 27 ~ HU N G A R Y -'~- ~I- here were 2 Assemblies of the Hungarian he new ra il link of Hungary to Siovene is in TAssociation's members plus 2 Conferences - Toperation /since August ( it has two new long Professional Days of Tunnel Construction and Civil bridges and 1 tunnel). - The preparation of the 4th Eng ineering -Budapest 2000, with the participa­ Metro-line is getting off to a start again . Some tion of the ITA President - Prof. A. Haack). - The studies were carried out first of ail because of the hot springs in and around the river Danube which traditional annual Széchy Memorial Lecture, in will be crossed by the tunnel. - Underground par­ partnership with the ISSMGE National Committee king facilities program is under way. (Two public and with the Cham ber of Engineers. carparks are being built in the city center at the o national working group exists. Members of moment).- A new National Theatre is under the National Association and engineers of the construction at the Danube embankment. There is a suburban train line passing nearby. It should be affiliated companies participate in the work of the sunk underground, but it was needed new studies International Association's WGs in WG 3 Contrac­ about it. - The orbital motorway will have a sec­ tuai Practices in underground Construction (Dr tion trough the hillside Buda National Park where Greschik), WG 6 Maintenance and Repair of should be built some km of road tunnel. New Underground Construction (Mr. Posgay), WG11 study is necessary. - National motorway, road Immersed Tunnels (Dr. Greschik), WG 12 Shotcre­ program is under developing, because of the pro­ te Use in Tunneling (Dr. M,Iler), WG 13 Direct and tection of environ ment many tunnels would be Indirect Advantages of Underground Urban Mass built, especially in the Lake Balaton Recreation Transit System (Mr. Kocsonya -as Vice Animateur). Area.

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1 N DIA _ ~.~..l!.!.-.

1 W ith a view to providing information at an inter- addressed by Mr. Willy De Lathauwer, Past Vice­ national level of knowledge and experience President of ITA. An international exhibition was gained in large-scale underground structures and arranged at the venue of the conference in which tunnel projects for the benefit of future projects 20 leading organisations participated. throughout the world, the International Conference "Tunnelling Asia 2000", with emphasis on "Need reparatory work to organise a Workshop on for Accelerated Underground Construction - "Rock Mechanics and Tunnelling Techniques" Issues and Challenges" was organised in New from 10-12 September 2001, Kathmandu (Nepal) Delhi from 26-29 September 2000 by the Central and Regional Symposium on "Advancing Rock Board of Irrigation and Power and Adhering Com­ Mechanics Frontiers to meet the Challenges of mittee of International Tunnelling Association 21st Century", 24-27 September 2002, New Delhi (India). - The conference was inaugurated by Mrs. Jayawanti Mehta, Hon'ble Union Minister of State n India, to cater to different needs like power for Power. - About 250 delegates from 16 coun­ lgeneration, irrigation, highways, railways and tries participated in the conference, More than 60 metro, etc., projects are under execution involving papers contributed by experts actively involved in the construction of tunnels and underground tunnelling are published in the proceedings. Out of works which include large Sardar Sarovar Pro­ 50 technical papers selected for oral presentation, ject, Tehri Hydroelectric Project, Pykara Ultimate 44 were presented during the conference. Stage Project, Koyna Project, Dulhasti, Calcutta Besides, 10 keynote addresses and three special Metro, Delhi Metro besides Nathpa-Jhakri Project presentations were made by eminent experts.­ in Himalayas with 27 km of tunnelling to be exe­ During the conference, the participants were also cuted.

- ~ ~ MAL A Y S 1 Â ~--:_---:.

USTD was inaugurated on 28/02/2000 and followed by several talks and site visits on tunnel­ Tthe committee was subsequently very active ling topics for the local tunnelling community in organising an international tunnelling seminar

TRIBUNE n018 -ITA -AiTES - June 2001 28 '.' -'~-' 1 T A L Y ""'--' ocieta Italiana Galleri~ (I~alian Tunnelling S~cie­ S ty), is an open association (700 member clrca) that promotes, coordinates and publishes studies and research in the field of underground works- It publishes the "Tunnels and large underground construction" magazine (in Italian and English).

n Durban, du ring the ITA World Tunnel Congress, 6 Italian Representatives attended the Working Groups Session. In last April, the Working Groups activity contributed at the Infravia Congress with the theme "Safety and Maintenance"; otherwise, the Bologna-Firenze Permanent Colloquium took into consideration the important and ud-dating subject "Quality". RBAN TUNNELS: • Roma Metro, line B1, 4 Km 1 B aloGNA TO FLORENCE HIGH-SPEED RAil CONNECTION long running tunnel and 4 underground sta­ UNDERGROUND WORKs:approximately 78 Km. of U tions. Main technologies: pressured shield, sta­ route running through 9 tunnels (average cross tion excavation using reinforcement of the ground section 141 sq, m.; longest tunnel: Vaglia, 18.5 ahead of the face by means of fibreglass structu­ Km.) with only 5 Km . on the surface, There is also rai elements, active arch, cellular arch .. • Quattro 1 an additional 11.5 km of tunnels running under the Venti tunnel in Rome: (2.2 km long single bore cities of Bologna and Florence, a 6,5 km long, 122 1 single track rail tunnel): it will be driven by using a sq, m. crass section, service tunnel (the Ginori tun- Herrenknecht EPB shield. The lining will be nel) and 13 access points as adits to the line (fur­ constituted by prefabricated segments .• Genoa ther 11,5 km.). The project include the new under­ metro: Principe-Le Grazie extension (1700 m of ground stations of Bologna and Florence. Under­ twin tunnel), currently under contruction using an ground works are at an advanced stage (- 55 %). EPB shield. Two underground stations (Darsena The ground to be takled is extremely varied ranging and S. Giorgio) are planned for this section (desi­ from flysch formations to clays, argillites and even gn in progress). • Naples metro: Line 1, from loose soils; overburdens vary fram 0 to 600 m. In Dante to Garibaldi (3 Km long running tunnel, order to takle the eterogeneity of the material and construction in progress). Main technologies: the stress-strain conditions, the ADECO-RS design EPB shield, freezing technique for the stations. • and construction approach is used. Tunnels are Milan metro: line 2 extension, Famagosta to presently advancing on 26 full-face headings. Spe­ Abbiategrasso (1350 m long running tunnel cial techniques used: reinforcement of the ground underpassing a major motorway), construction in ahead of the face by means of fibreglass structural progress. Line 3 extension, Zara to Maciachini • elements, horizontal jet-grouting, TBM excavation Milano Urban Railway Link: LOT 7PA2, Dateo to (Ginori Tunnel). Average total advance rate is 1.6 Vittoria (1000 m long running tunnel), construc­ Km. of finished tunnel. tion in progress. • Turin automated underground: ilAN-NAPLES MOTORWAY, Bologna-Florence The first functional section of line 1, between Col­ MMountain Alternative Route, 24 km. twin tun­ legno depot and Porta Nuova railway station, nels: Base tunnel and Mont Mario tunnel under includes 15 stations and an overall length of construction, Nazzano tunnel, widening of the double track, single tube tunnels of about 9600m, existing tunnel to three lanes in each direction. 8700m of which will be bored by a 3 8 m-diame­ First time in the world, this work will be carried out ter EPB-Shield machine and the remaining 750m without any interruption to motorway traffic in will be constructed by the cut-and-cover tech­ either direction by using an ingenious new nique. The works of the first 3 lots have already method. be assigned. One or two EPBMs will be used for AlERNO TO REGGIO CALABRIA MOTORWAY: : the second functional section (or southern exten­ S approximately 20 Km of three lane twin motor­ sion), from Porta Nuova to Lingotto, including 7 way tunnels with an excavated section of about stations and 4500m of tunnels. This project is 170 sq. m .. Works in progress. now under design.

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TRIBUNE n018 - ITA-AiTES - JUlie 2001 29 · -. A PAN ',:' J ~ '. n the basis of the bilateral technical cooperation crusher and a continuous belt conveyor working in Oagreement between COB Netherlands and JTA, combination. On the Kobe Municipal Subway, the COB delegation visited JTA for joint workshops and center pillars of rigid frame box structures suffered site visits on the occasion of Johannis de Rijke great damage from the Hyogoken-Nanbu Earthqua­ Symposium held in Osaka April 2000. ke(M 7.2) , a near-souce earthquake. Taking a lesson he study regarding deep subterranean technolo­ from this damage, the already completed designs gy has been completed, and the seminar on this of rigid frame box structures for stations on the Kai ­ technology was held. A manual for tunnel lining gan Line (a new 8.1 km line under construction) works is being prepared by a working group, in res­ were modified by performing seismic design assu­ ponse to a series of incidents occurred during 1999 ming a large scale earthquake equal to the Hyogo­ in which sections of concrete fell from the linings of ken-Nanbu Earthquake. Metropolitan Expressway railway tunnels. The study on new technologies and Central Circular Shinjuku Route, which constitutes new materials for tunnel repair has been almost the western section of this li ne is being constructed completed. as a tunnel structure for most of its length in consi­ agami Tunnel, 7km in total length, on the Kyu­ deration of the environ mental conditions and pre­ Tshu Shinkansen is being driven from one end servation of the good urban environ ment along the for the long distance of 5200m due to topographi­ line through effective three-dimensional utilization cal restriction. At this tunnel, a system was develo­ of limited urban space above and below the ground ped for the handling of muck by a self-propelled surface. -

MAR 0 C ...r-~ ;_. 1.~ . 'AMTES, constituée en 1988, compte parmi ses désordres de l'ouvrage vertical de la mine de sel de Lmembres une vingtaine d'organismes interve­ Mohamedia, le suivi du tunnel ferroviaire du dou­ nant dans le domaine du souterrain et dont l'objec­ blement de la ligne Sidi Kacem Meknès, l'organi­ tif est de promouvoir l'utilisation de l'espace souter­ sation d'une journée scientifique sur les "travaux rain au Maroc. souterrains au Maroc", la création de commission - commission scientifique et technique, commis­ armi les activités de l'AMTES pour l'année sion concernant les pratiques contractuelles, char­ 2000, on peut citer: le suivi du doublement gée de l'élaboration du CPC sur les travaux souter­ du tunnel ferroviaire de Bab Tissra, • le suivi des rains au Maroc, - une commisssion animation.

- -~- NOR W A y - ':'~~'-,...... IWo subsea strait crossings and several communica- rais mining is acceptable, but underground construc­ 1 tion tunnels were completed. The most prominent tion is temporarily slow. being the 24.5 km long La::lrdal Tunnel, handed over The 2000 Tunnelling Statistics, as prepared by the ahead of target date with a final priee tag of USD 4500 1 Society during the last thirty years, was released on per metre. The Society has increased its activities with a 23.November. The year 2000 figures are down with focus on projects like Underground Electronic Access some 40 % as compared to the average. Several major Control, Environmental and Safety aspects .. projects were handed over to the public, whereas new he Society is organised with five permanent working projects in the pipeline are delayed. Politicians are groups and a similar number of ad hoc committees. afraid of overheating the economy. Major new projects The groups were: * Economy * International * Technolo­ will be the twin track metropolitan tunnels on the west gy * Arrangements * Development. Ad hoc committees side of Oslo, a downtown strait crossing and new water dealt with: * Training for Shotfirers * Safety containers * supply tunnels to Oslo. The planning process is weil Dust/fumes/gases underground * Blasting in built-up­ under way. Rehabilitation and upgrading of older areas. At the end of the year a new permanent group underground facilities will be an increasing market. A with focus on Public Relations was established. The ten-kilometre rail tunnel some thirty-km west of Oslo Society puts emphasis on the ITA activities, and sup­ will be refurbished during an estimated period of five port participation in the WGs. The domestic arrange­ years starting next year. The invert to be lowered 1 ments of the Society are running smoothly. The busi­ meter, otherwise mainly lining and support - signal - ness climate for underground activities is mixed mine- railway operational upgrading and fire escape facilities.

TRIBUNE n018 - l TA-AlTES -.!Il J1 e 2001 30 V'- 0';: C ZEe H R E PUB LIe

nternational Conference "Underground Construc­ till the most important ~ unn e l construction in the It ion Praha 2000" took place under sponsorship of S Czech Republic - MRAZOVKA tun nel in Prague 1TA/ AI TES from 9th October to 11 th October 2000 - is going on. It is situated on the rin g speed way of in Prague. The ITA/AITES Executive Council was the city following the Strahov t unnel, which has held at this event. 70 papers have been published in been put in operation a few years ago. More infor­ Proceedings of the Conference. The Gala Party took mation is available in our journal TUNEL and in July place in the Prague Castle. The Conference was held under the aegis of the Mayor of Prague. The 2000 TRIBUNE issue. • The construction of the participants visited the most important tunnel fourth operational section of the METRO line C in construction of the Czech Republic - Mrazovka tun­ Prague has been started. • The network of utility nel in Prague. The proceedings are still available. tunnels both in Prague and Brno is going on. • The Highway project, D5 and D8 , and . their tunnelling wo national WGs have been established: Shot­ crete and Safety in tunnels. The chairmen of the parts are at the final stage of approvement. • The groups are respectivly Ing. Pavel Polak and Ing . project of the railway Brezno tunnel near Chomutov Pavel Pribyl , Csc. The first two sessions have been has started. The PLS (Pre-Lining Support) method held and were open for ail member subjects. will be applied for the tunnel driving.

'!\:~T H E NET H E R LAN D S

he Netherlands Member of ITA, Kivi DOW, with ot'ek Railway Tunnel, Sophia Railway Tunnel , Ta running secretary by VOR , had an active year. BTunnel under the Pannerdensch Canal, Bene­ Eight activities were organised focused on tunnel­ luxtunnel , Amsterdam North South Subway, Rot­ terdam-The Hague Subway 'Randstad Rail' , Tunnel ling projects in the Netherlands, e.g. Betuwe Rail­ under the Amsterdam Central Station (part of North way Track (Bored Sophia Railway Tunnel, Bored South Subway), Cal and Tunnel, Europort, St. Botlek Railway Tunnel) and technical seminars Hubertus Tunnel The Hague, HSL High Speed Rail­ about Safety in Tunnelling and the Green Heart way under the Green Heart (HSL 2), HSL Projects bored Railway tunnel (biggest in the world!) 1,3,4,5, The Hague Tram Tunnel

';f' ROMANIA he 3rd National Conference of ART was held in Line, 2nd Section, Gara de Nord - 1 Mai Section". October 2000. Some 15 foreign attenders, with 9 T urrentl the following projects are underway:­ distinctive contributions and 95 Romanian dele­ Y . "Filesti" single track railway tunnel, 800 m gates with over 40 papers underline the outstanding C length, bored with a 9m diameter tunneling shield: success of the Conference. stability problems in silty soils .• Rehabilitation of 7 Il Research" Working Group:- Final Report concer- old railway tunnels: repair of damages to the tunnel ning "Groundborne Noise & Vibration Pollution lining and waterproofing works .• Re-opening works Generated by Underground Mass Transit System for the 4th Metro Main Line, 1 st Section, Nicolae Rail Traffic on The 4th Metro Main Line, 2nd Section, Grigorescu 2 - Linia de Centura Section (4 Gara de Nord - 1 Mai Section" - monitoring of stations). Starting of the second branch of Hydro­ impact of underground structures on groundwater Power Nehoiasu with a water adduction tunnel of equilibrium - field testing program related to actual 5.7 km and 6.0 m internai diameter.· Wastewater ground properties along The 4th Metro Main Line, collector bored with a 4 m TBM in Braila city. • The 1st Section, Nicolae Grigorescu 2 - Linia de Centu­ following studies are being developed for new pro­ ra Section. jects:- Bucharest Metro line no. 5, "Drumul Taberei 1 Maintenance & Repair of Underground Struc- - Universitate" section, 8.6km length with 13 pas­ tures" Working Group: - development of non­ senger stations .• Bucharest Rapid Transit System destructive testing methods for ground improve­ link to "Otopeni" and "Baneasa" Airports. New ment effects- in situ investigations of two Water urban development project: Bucharest Under­ Power Tunnels concerning lining aging and leakage ground "Parking Nord", near Railway Central Sta­ - monitoring of prevention systems against electro­ tion (three underground floor levels, 1800 parking corrosion structural damage on The 4th Metro Main lots).

TRIBUNE n018 - ITA-A ITES -Ju ne 2001 31 n 2000 ail the measures connected with the 10th Highway Ring . • Road tunnels are constructed in lJubilee of the Russian Tunnelling Association and the North Caucasus. • Severomuisky tunnel specially the scientific and practical conference construction was completed on the Baikalo­ "Underground construction in Russia on the eve of Amurskaya main railway. • Construction of an the XXI century: results and perspectives" were the main events for the members of the Association. underground section of a Business Centre" Mos­ Scientific and Technical Council of the Association cow-City", one of the largest Business Centres in made a lot of work compiling normative and tech­ Europe, started. • A transport tunnel was comple­ nical documents for underground construction. ted under Moscow Canal in Moscow. • Urban t should be mentioned concerning hard activities transport tunnel consruction was completed using of: 1. Scientific and Technical Council of Experts of pre-support protection screens of pipes in Perm . the Association. 2. A Group developing new norma­ · In Saint-Petersburg the preparation for running tive and technical documents. 3. A Group for labour tunnel construction is going on. • Railway tunnels protection and technical safety. are being constructed in Khabarovsky Krai at the etro (MRTS) construction is progressing in Far East. • Design work for a railway tunnel MMoscow, Saint-Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Ekaterinburg, Samara, Chelyabinsk, Krasnoyarsk. construction under Tatar Strait to Sakhalin Island Metro construction was begun in Kazan. • Large was begun. • Several other large projects are tunnel crossings are constructed on the 3rd City being developed.

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UNI T E D KIN GD Q-.:""':' ·M he BTS has over 1,000 members and is one of tures due to commence in 2001/2002.Design work Tthe most active of the Associated Societies of has commenced on a 4km highway bypass around the Institution of Civil Engineers. The Society meets the World Heritage/Stonehenge site in the south of at the Institution every month except July and August for informai presentations and discussions. England where significant subsurface construction Visiting overseas tunneliers are al ways welcome. (bored or cut and cover tunnel) is anticipated. The Details of meeting on the website or e-mail. The Government announced a major budget for high­ next UK Tunnelling Conference will be held in Sep­ way construction in the UK over the next 10 years tember 2001. to relieve traffic problems and tunnel construction he BTS Committee has a number of Sub-Com­ would play a contributing role.The national Trans­ mittees, with responsibilities for Papers and Meetings, Training and Education, Awards, Health & mission Company awarded a contract for a new Safety and Standards, Technical and Design 20-km long cable tunnel in north London and is Guides, Tunnelling Lobby, the Tunnels & Tunnelling planning other cable tunnels for environ mental rea­ International Advisory Board, and the International sons around London. Other Utility Tunnel schemes Tunnelling Association. The Society has been revie­ wing its participation on the ITA Working Groups in London and regions of the UK were under and will be naming participants or correspondent construction or near completion, e.g. Portsmouth, members on ail of the ITA Working Groups. The Hastings, and Hull. UK companies are playing a Society presently has two Vice-Animateurs of Wor­ major role in overseas tunnel projects including the king Groups and is encouraging greater involvement and responses to the Working Groups. BTS has also 5km Dublin Port Road Tunnel, the Copenhagen 20 active members of the 13 current ITA working Metro, the Los Angeles Storm/waste water pro­ groups. jects, the CERN (Geneva) particle collider tunnels unnelling work on the Channel Tunnel during and the 700km lay Egnatia Road Project in Nor­ TRail Link Stage 1 continues (see 1999 annual thern Greece (over 40km of road tunnels). The UK report) and design work on Stage 2 (to bring the Government Highways is preparing a major publi­ line into central London) reached culmination with construction work of approximately 20km of tunnel cation of guidelines for transport interchanges in an 7m i.d. tunnels and other major underground struc- underground environ ment in urban locations.

TRIBUNE n018 - I TA -AfTES - JlIl1e 2001 32 ~'. SUISSE

1 e tableau suivant donne la situation des tunnels actuelle­ • Les tunnels routiers suivants sont actuellement en cours L.ment en cours de réalisation en Suisse. d'équipement électromécanique et seront mis en service en • En outre, en ce qui concerne Alp Transit au tunnel de base 2002: - Girsbergtunnel (Turgovie), deux tubes d'une section du Lëtschberg tous les lots sont en cours de travaux. L'ou­ de 91,4 m2 et d'une longueur de 1 750 m, excavés avec la verture du tunnel est toujours prévue pour début 2007. • En machine à attaque ponctuelle; - le tunnel de Gorgier (Neu­ ce qui concerne le tunnel de base du Gothard, le puits de châtel), deux tubes d'une section de 107.7 m2 et d'une lon­ 840 m de profondeur est réalisé. La gare multi-fonction au gueur de 2 720 m, excavés au tunnelier; - le tunnel des pied de ce puits est en cours de réalisation ainsi que les Sauges, deux tubes d'une section de 98.5 m2 et d'une lon­ galeries d'accès au tunnel de base (Faido, Amsteg). Les gueur de 1 935 m, excavés au tunnelier. offres d'entreprise des quatre lots du tunnel de base sont en • Les tunnels suivants ont été mis en service cette année : cours d'examen chez le Maître de l'Ouvrage. Les adjudica­ - le tunnel ferroviaire de Vauderens (Fribourg / Vaud), de 90 tions devraient intervenir cette année. Le début des travaux 2 de ces lots est programmé à 2002 et la mise en service est m de section, d'une longueur de 1 785 m, excavé à l'ex­ 2 prévue en 2012. plosif; - Birchitunnel (Soleure), deux tubes de 100 m de • Les deux tunnels ferroviaires suivants, dont le génie civil section et d'une longueur de 700 m, excavés .à l'attaque est terminé, sont actuellement en cours d'équipement élec­ ponctuelle; - le tunnel des Arissoules (Vaud), deux tubes de tromécanique : - le tunnel du Thalwil (Zurich), d'une section 107 m2 de section et d'une longueur de 3 000 m, excavés 2 de 118 m , d'une longueur de 9 000 m et excavé au tunne­ au tunnelier; - le tunnel de Pomy (Vaud), deux tubes de 108 lier et à l'explosif; - le tunnel du Murgenthal (Berne), d'une m2 de section et long de 3 000 m, excavés au tunnelier; - le 2 section 107 m , d'une longueur de 4 297 m et excavé au tunnel des Bruyères (Fribourg) deux tubes d'une section de 2 tunnelier; leur mise en service est prévue en 2005. 110 m , d'une longueur de 800 m et excavés au tunnelier.

Nom Canton Section Longueur Type Mise en 2 1 (m ) (m) 1 d'excavation service Tunnels ferroviaires Erschliessungtunnel Tscharner Berne 70,9 2325 Tunnelier 2002 Tunnels de Leuk et Varen Valais 2x88 1140,2756 Explosif 2005 Tunnel Onzberq Soleure/Berne 119 2361 Tunnelier 2005 Tunnel Wolfacher Berne 2x70 2x728 Attaque ponctuelle 2005

Tunnels routiers et autoroutier~ Tunnel de Gamsen Valais 2x91,5 2x1000 Jetting 2002 Simmenfluhtunnel Berne 69 700 Explosif 2003 Tunnel de Collombev Valais 68 840 Tunnelier explosif 2003 Tunnel de Giswil Aecherli Obwald 93 2066 Explosif 2003 3 Rëhre Baregqtunnel Arqovie 150 1148 Attaque ponctuelle 2004 Chienbergtunnel Bâle 120 2300 Tunnelier explosif 2004 Tunnel Balmenrain Saint Gall 92 1318 EXQlosif 2004 Tunnel de Concise Vaud 2x100 2x1350 Attaaue ponctuelle 2004 Tunnel de la Lance Vaud 2x100 2x310 AttaQlliLQonctueile 2004 Tunnel Muttnertobel Grisons 46 1306 EXQlosif 2004 Tunnel Uznaberg Saint Gall 2x78 2x930 Tunnelier explosif 2004 Aeschertunnel Zurich 2x135 2x2176 Voute parapluie, 2005 Explosif Eggraintunnel Zurich 2x135 2x500 Voute parapluie, pelle 2005 mécanique, explosif Flüelertunnel Uri 113 2593 Tunnelier 2005 Gotschnatunnel Grisons 90 4205 Explosif 2005 Kirchenwald tunnel Nidwald 2x84 2x1600 Explosif 2005 1x64 1x2000 Schlundtunnel Lucerne 2x100 2x960 2005 Spiertunnel Lucerne 2x100 2x1490 2005 Tunnels de la Perche Jura 2x92 2x1000 Explosif 2005 Tunnels du Banné Jura 2x92 2x1100 Explosif 2005 Tunnel du Raimeux Berne 90 3211 Attaque ponctuelle 2006 explosif Flimserstein (Flims) Grisons 90 2923 Explosif 2007 Prau Pulté (Flims) Grisons 113 462 Explosif 2007 Stagjitschuggen Valais 80 2306 Tunnelier, explosif 2008 -

TRIBUNE n018 - ITA-AiTES -June 2001 33 -

S 'Y. EDE N ~ . ~ 'j~ - ~--

Ks members are currently represented in ITAs Working opening of the Link is 2004. • Other projects for which rock groups No. 2,3,4, 11 ,12,13,14, 15,16 and 17. When cal­ excavation was more or less completed during the year led for, special groups are assigned to organize seminars include the LRC gas storage (Sweden and France in on specifie subjects like quality assurance, risk-sharing, cooperation) pilot plant; • the extension of CLAB - interim underground construction in sensitive environments etc. storage for spent nuclear fuel; • a hydro-power plant BK also participates in the programme work for other lar­ underground (H1jebro), • service tunnels under the Arlan­ ger events in Sweden and is actively involved in the Euro­ da airport and • rail road tunnels along the Malarbanan pean Federation of Explosives Engineers. Line. • Newly started is also the Boniabanan railroad of

1 A large number of tunnelling projects are currently weil 190 km including several tunnels. Construction period under way or planned in Sweden. • The Southern Link 1999-2006; • The commuter-train tunnel (Kringen) in motorway comprising 16.6 km of rock tunnels. Because of Gothenburg of 7.5 km. Although only 1 km will be a tunnel its complexity involving many underground interchanges, this will present extensive blasting under the centre of the great efforts have been made to ensure safe driving condi­ city.· The decision to finalize the Hallandsas tunnel is still tions with clear orientation for tunnel users. Estimated pending. Possible decision during 2001.

TURKEY .. -

he working groups and important events of the year Current tunnel works on metro systems in Turkey are: • 2000: 1- planning working group, 2- road construction Istanbul metro, Phase 1 :Taksim-Levent (under construc­ working group, 3-bridges and tunnels working group, 4- tion): 7km, total length of deep tunnels: 5.9 km, cut-and­ maintenance working group, 5-traffic safety working cover tunnels: 1.4km • Istanbul metro, Phase 2: Topkapi­ group, 6-Highway and the environ ment working group. Taksim (under construction): 9.8 km, • Istanbul light rail The working groups organized various meetings, national public transportation system (under operation): 8.7 km, conferences , exhibitions and published some books totallength of tunnels: 8.3 km· Ankara metro (under ope­ reports and booklets ration): 14.6km. • Ankara light rail (under construction): here are 44 tunnels totalling 14,399 m under construc­ 17.7 km.· 5 railway tunnels totalling 24,365 mare under Ttion on the state highway network. • On motorways, 7 construction. • The third Bosphorus cross is in the plan­ tunnels representing 129 km are under construction. • ning phase.

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