Technology and Operation 10 Headwater Channel
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Technology and Operation 10 Headwater channel Aare 33 D B 16 32 12 11 9 13 31 8 14 30 15 16 32 1 31 7 4 17 6 5 2 18 3 19 20 29 32 5 24 23 21 32 20 22 28 6 C 27 25 P 26 A–B = Flood protection wall A C–D = Water retention channel in the P event of a reactor accident with a connecting pipe to the pumping station 1 Reactor building 18 Turbine building 2 Emergency feed building 19 Block transformers 380 kV 3 Switchgear building 20 Storage building 4 Reactor auxiliary building 21 Garages and fire-brigade building 5 Emergency diesel building 22 Workshop and spare parts store 6 External system transformers 220 kV 23 Demineralising system building 7 Vent stack 24 Auxiliary boiler and heating station 8 Store for low and intermediate-level waste 25 Visitor centre 9 Emergency standby building 26 Training and simulator building 10 Cooling water intake structure 27 Staff restaurant 11 Cooling tower make-up water treatment building 28 Entrance area 12 Sludge depot 29 Administration building 13 Settling pond for calcium precipitates 30 Spent fuel storage building 14 Sludge thickener 31 Dry cooling towers 15 Service water pump house 32 Perimeter stations 16 Cooling tower and sound-absorbing wall 33 Pumping station 17 Circulating water pump house Operating results of Gösgen nuclear power plant (KKG) Year Full power Capacity Electricity generated Annual costs Generating cost hours factor % in bn kWh in CHF million in centimes/kWh 1980 6535.7 74.4 5.950 377.4 6.3 1985 7376.9 84,2 6.746 415.0 6.2 1990 7796.5 89.0 7.131 402.0 5.6 1995 8152.1 93.1 7.821 407.0 5.2 2000 8105.5 92.3 7.804 320.0 4.1 2005 7840.7 89.5 7.583 329.1 4.3 2010 8182.6 93.4 8.029 333.3 4.15 2011 8061.4 92.0 7.910 315.1 3.98 2012 8227.9 93.7 8.074 378.0 4.68 2013 6543.9 74.7 6.410 319.2 4.98 2014 8065.5 92.1 8.022 361.2 4.50 10 October 2013: KKG attains the milestone of 250 billion kilowatt hours of electricity generated. This required 270 573 hours of operation during the period of approximately 34 years since it was commissioned. 380-kV switch yard 220-kV switch yard Switch gear Electrical systems Main transformer 380/27 kV 27 kV AC powerline Startup Startup Auxiliary transformer transformer transformer Auxiliary transformer 60/32/32 MVA 60/32/32 MVA 60/32/32 MVA 60/32/32 MVA Main generator 1190 MVA 10-kV AC non-essential bus train 4 10-kV AC non-essential bus train 3 10-kV AC non-essential bus train 2 10-kV AC non-essential bus train 1 Ring line Ring line Various motor supplies Various motor supplies Various motor supplies Various motor supplies 380-V AC non-essential 380-V AC non-essential 380-V AC non-essential 380-V AC non-essential bus train 4 bus train 3 bus train 2 bus train 1 380-V AC non-essential bus train 380-V AC non-essential bus train 380-V AC non-essential bus train 380-V AC non-essential bus train 380-V AC bus for 380-V AC bus for pressurizer heaters pressurizer heaters 220-V DC bus for 220-V DC bus for control rods control rods Emergency diesel 3550 kVA Emergency diesel 3550 kVA Emergency diesel 3550 kVA Emergency diesel 3550 kVA 6-kV AC essential 6-kV AC essential 6-kV AC essential 6-kV AC essential bus train 4 bus train 3 bus train 2 bus train 1 Various motor Various motor Various motor Various motor supplies supplies supplies supplies 380-V AC essential bus train 4 380-V AC essential bus train 3 380-V AC essential bus train 2 380-V AC essential bus train 1 380-V AC essential bus train 4 380-V AC essential bus train 3 380-V AC essential bus train 2 380-V AC essential bus train 1 24/48-V DC 24/48-V DC 24/48-V DC 24/48-V DC bus train 4 bus train 3 bus train 2 bus train 1 220-V DC bus 220-V DC bus 220-V DC bus 220-V DC bus train 4 train 3 train 2 train 1 Inverters Inverters Inverters Inverters 2x 2x 2x 2x 175 kVA 175 kVA 175 kVA 175 kVA 380-V AC regulated 380-V AC regulated 380-V AC uninterruptable distri- 380-V AC regulated 380-V AC regulated bus train 4 bus train 3 bution for process computer bus train 2 bus train 1 Special emergency diesel 750 kVA Special emergency diesel 750 kVA 380-V AC special 380-V AC special emergency bus train 6 emergency bus train 5 380-V AC special emergency bus train 7 24/48-V DC bus train 6 24/48-V DC bus train 5 24/48-V DC bus train 7 Contents n2 Contribution to Switzerland’s electricity supply n6 Plant design and special technical features n12 Reactor coolant system n16 Auxiliary and secondary systems n22 Safety precautions n32 Steam and power conversion system n36 Cooling water systems This brochure provides an overview of the key n38 Station service power supply technical features of the Gösgen nuclear pow- er plant (KKG). Nuclear heat generation is treat- ed as part of the overall system here. Readers n40 Operation and maintenance do not require any detailed expert knowledge. This brochure is intended for those with an in- terest in technical matters. n46 Environmental aspects n50 Nuclear fuel cycle n54 Upgrading, retrofitting, modernisation Kernkraftwerk Gösgen-Däniken AG (KKG) 4658 Däniken, www.kkg.ch © KKG, 2015 l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l n1 The reactor building of the Gösgen nuclear power plant. Contribution to Switzerland’s electricity supply The move into nuclear power on stream in 1969. A number of nuclear power plants were planned for Switzerland. And four Switzerland’s electricity generation was orig- of these were ultimately built. The resulting inally based solely on hydropower, since the five reactors were connected to the grid be- country had no usable fossil energy resources. tween 1969 and 1984. With a combined net With the economic boom that came after the Second World War, demand for electricity rose rapidly in the 1950s. The further expansion of Annual net production hydropower soon reached its limits, however, 8,5 1080 on both environmental and economic grounds. 8 1060 While the electricity supply companies were 1040 planning fossil-fired electricity generating 7,5 plants, the Swiss Federal Council opted for the 1020 7 introduction of nuclear power at the start of 1000 the 1960s. The decisive arguments in favour of 6,5 980 nuclear power were its low generation costs, 6 the dependable supply and environmental 960 protection. Clean nuclear energy was to com- 5,5 940 plement clean hydroelectric power. 5 920 Planning work on the first nuclear power 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 plants was swiftly begun, and Switzerland’s Net production (TWh) Nominal power (in MW) first nuclear power plant – the 350-megawatt Annual electricity generation has been increased by 2 TWh nuclear power plant, Beznau 1 – was brought since the start of operation. l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l n2 Contribution to Switzerland’s electricity supply power output of 3253 megawatts, these plants meet approximately 40 percent of Switzer- land’s electricity requirements. Operating results Since commercial operation commenced in November 1979, the Gösgen nuclear power plant (KKG) has achieved higher than aver- age levels of availability and operating safety. In 1980, KKG generated 5.9 terawatt hours of electricity. Today, annual production is some 8 terawatt hours, covering around 13 percent of the country’s overall demand. By 31 December 2014, KKG had generated a net total of 260 terawatt hours and achieved a high average capacity factor of 89.7 percent. Numerous minor and major modifications have been approved by shareholders, with the aim of constantly improving on the operation- al and safety parameters of the plant. These have included advanced fuel management, Gösgen nuclear power plant at the southern foothills improvements to turbine efficiency and the of the Jura mountains. Load diagram 1000 1000 2005 2006 500 500 0 0 1000 1000 2007 2008 500 500 0 0 1000 1000 500 2009 500 2010 0 0 1000 1000 2011 2012 500 500 0 0 1000 1000 2013 2014 500 500 0 0 Jan. March May July Sept. Nov. Jan. March May July Sept. Nov. Feb. April June Aug. Oct. Dec. Feb. April June Aug. Oct. Dec. Planned outages for refuelling and annual maintenance are scheduled for midway through the year. (2013: annual maintenance prolonged due to modernisation of the turbogenerator system) l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l n3 Contribution to Switzerland’s electricity supply retrofitting of a pressure relief system for the reactor coolant system.