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Shanxi Tour Brochure

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ORGANIZED BY 舉辦單位: Organized by: Chinese Cultural Studies Center Cut off by mountains, rivers and deserts, the province of Shanxi has served as a time capsule, containing around 70 percent of China’s structures older than the 14th century. The traditional examples of architecture offered by the province are varied: temples and mon- asteries ranging from the Tang to the Qing dynasty in the sacred Buddhist site of Wutai Shan, and the preserved Ming and Qing style residences of Pingyao, just to name some of the architectural gems of the province. Going to Shanxi is an absolutely integral part in any serious study of Chinese architecture, and for anyone who is inter- ested in exploring the unparalleled marvels of aesthetics and engi- neering of traditional Chinese architecture. This special tour orga- nized by Chinese Cultural Studies Center will be a walk back into the past, a glimpse of what once made China such an enchanting bastion of culture and art, and still a place of rich historical offer- ings. 俗言有云「五千年中國看山西」，被山、河和沙漠分隔的山西 省尤如一個時間錦囊，境內擁有百分之七十中國十四世紀之前 的古建築。無論是由唐至清朝的佛教名山 – 五台山或是保存完 整的明清古代縣城 – 平遙古城，對有志研究任何中國古建築， 或有意探索和欣賞的人來說，山西絕對是必到之處。由承真樓 主辦的山西之旅將會帶你回到過去，細味建築背後巧奪天工的 手藝，漫遊這個擁有「中國古代文化博物館」美稱的歷史文化 名城。 Datong 大同 Wutaishan Beijing 五台山 北京 Inner Mongolia 內蒙 Shanxi Taiyuan 山西 太原 Shaanxi Henan 河南 陝西 Shanghai 上海 Pingyao 平遥 Hong Kong 香港 As we want to provide more learning opportunities and ancient Chinese architectural knowledge for our participant, we offer two workshops leading up to the tour. 為了提供更多學習機會和中國古建築知識 予參加者，承真樓會於旅程前為大家舉辦 兩個工作坊。 WOrkshop 1: overview of ancient chinese architecture 2 hrs ( 20/4/2018CCSC ( ) @ 1: 19:00 工作坊 中國古建築通論 (兩小時) • The structure of ancient Chinese architecture • The relationship between rites and ancient architecture • 古建築結構 • 中國古建築與禮制的關係 CCSC WOrkshop 2: introduction to shanxi ancient architecture (2 hrs) 27/4/2018@ 19:00 工作坊 2: 山西古建築簡介 (兩小時) • The structure of ancient Chinese architecture • The relationship between rites and ancient architecture • 古建築結構 • 中國古建築與禮制的關係 Time duration indicated between two marks “> >” refer to travel time between destinations. 在 “> >” 符號間的時間是代表來 往景點間的所需時間。 Construction of the Qiao Family Compound began in 1756. The estate covers more than 9000 square meters, and has 313 rooms. It is considered one of the finest remaining examples of a wealthy private residence in northern China. 喬家大院建於清朝1756年，院內佔地超過9000平方米，內 Fly from Shenzhen to Taiyuan 有313間房屋，是清代中國北方富賈民宅的建築經典。 DAY 1 由深圳 飛往太原 第一日 ZH 9193 15:20 - 18:15 Approximate flight time: 3 hrs SHENZHEN > TAIYUAN 預計飛行時間： 三小時 深圳 > 太原 DAY 2 Taiyuan > 1 hr > QIAO FAMILY COMPOUND > 1 hr > Pingyao > Zhenguo Temple’s Wanfo Hall was built in 963, and is the ZHENGUO TEMPLE > only surviving bulding that dates from the short-lived 第二日 SHUANGLIN TEMPLE Northern Han dynasty. The hall is small in size, but its roof brackets are one of the most complex and large types according to the standards of ancient architecture. TAIYUAN > PINGYAO 太原＞１小時＞喬家大院>１小 鎮國寺始建於五代北漢時期，原名京城寺，明朝嘉靖年間 > 時＞平遙＞鎮國寺>雙林寺 改名為鎮國寺。鎮國寺的建築，以萬佛殿為最早，雖經曆 太原 平遙 代多次重修，但仍保持了五代時的風貌，是我國佛教寺院 中現存的三處五代建築之一，其中的彩塑，更是全國寺廟 殿宇中保存至今的唯一五代作品。 Pingyao > 1 hr > WANG FAMILY DAY 3 COMPOUND > 1 hr > PINGYAO ANCIENT CITY (self-tour time) > PINGYAO 第三日 ANCIENT CITY WALL PINGYAO 平遙 >１小時 > 王家大院 > １小時 > 平遙古城(自由活動) > 平遙古城牆 平遙 Wang Family Compound is one of the largest luxurious residential complexes in the architectural style of the Qing A UNESCO World Heritage site, dynasty. The colossal compound is known as the Forbidden Pingyao Ancient City is known for City of Shanxi, with more than 1,118 rooms. its beautiful traditional architec- 王家大院是中國最大的清代民居建築之一，而擁有超過 ture. It was the financial center of 1118間房屋的建築規模亦讓其素有山西的紫禁城之稱。 China in the 19th and 20th centuries, and is an exceptionally well-preserved example of a traditional Han Chinese city in the Ming and Qing dynasties. 平遙古城是聯合國教科文組織評 定的世界遺產。平遙曾是清代晚 期的中國金融中心，亦是中國漢 民族城市在明清時期的傑出範例 。 Pingyao > 3 hrs > NANCHAN DAY 4 TEMPLE > 1 hr > FOGUANG Foguang Temple is one of the earliest preserved timber TEMPLE > 1 hr > Wutaishan 第四日 structures in China. The Great East Hall was built during the Tang Dynasty (618-907). Foguang temple is one of the 平遙＞３小時＞南禪寺＞１小時＞ finest examples of the sophisticated architectural wood- work of the Tang dynasty. PINGYAO > WUTAISHAN 佛光寺＞１小時＞五台山 佛光寺是中國最早期的木結構建築之一，其中正殿東大殿 平遙 > 五台山 建於唐朝(618至907年)。佛光寺充份體現了保存完好和精 湛工藝的唐代木結構建築。 PUSA DING> TAYUAN TEMPLE> DAY 5 XiANTONG TEMPLE > NANSHAN TEMPLE> WANFO TEMPLE > JINGE 第五日 TEMPLE > LONGQUAN TEMPLE WUTAISHAN 五台山 菩薩頂 > 塔院寺 > 顯通寺 > 南山 寺 > 萬佛閣 > 金閣寺 > 龍泉寺 The Hanging Temple is known for its location on a sheer precipice, built into a cliff 75 m above ground. According to Wutaishan is a Buddhist tradition, the construction started in the Northern Wei sacred site, and one of the dynasty, with repairs and extensions over the next 1400 Four Sacred Mountains in years. It is also notable for combining the three Chinese Chinese Buddhism. A traditional religions of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism. UNESCO World Heritage Site, 懸空寺建於半山腰的內凹處，離地約75米。有傳該寺建於 it is home to more than 53 北魏年間，隨後1400年間不繼復修與擴建。另外懸空寺更 monasteries. 是儒釋道三教合一的寺廟。 五台山是中國四大佛教名山 之一，亦是聯合國教科文組 織評定的世界遺產。五台山 寺院林立，超過53名僧侶居 住在內。 DAY 6 Wutaishan > 2.5 hrs > HANGING TEMPLE > 1 hr > YINGXIAN PAGODA 第六日 > 1.5 hr > Datong 五台山 ＞２.５小時＞懸空寺＞１小 WUTAISHAN > YINGXIAN 時＞應縣木塔 ＞１.５小時＞大同 The majestic Yingxian Pagoda, also known as the Sakyamuni > DATONG Pagoda of Fogong Temple, was built in 1056 in the Liao dynasty. It is the oldest existent wooden pagoda still 五台山 > 應縣 > 大同 standing in China. 應縣木塔，又稱佛宮寺釋迦塔建於遼代清寧二年(1056年) ，被認定為中國現存最古老、最高的木塔。 YUNGANG GROTTOES > 2 hrs > DAY 7 SANSHI’ER GREAT WALL > 2 hrs > Datong 第七日 雲岡石窟 > 2 小時 >三十二 YUNGANG GROTTOES > 長城 > 2 小時 >大同 YouYU COUNTy > 雲岡石窟 > 右玉縣 One of the three most famous ancient Buddhist sculptural sites of China, the Yungang Grottoes are excellent exam- ples of rock-cut architecture. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Grottoes were created beginning in the Northern NINE-DRAGON SCREEN > HUAYAN Wei dynasty. DAY 8 TEMPLE > SHANHUA TEMPLE > 始建於北魏的雲岡石窟以精湛的開鑿藝術被譽為中國三大 4 hrs > Taiyuan 石窟之一，亦被聯合國教科文組織評為世界文化遺產。 第八日 九龍壁> 華嚴寺 > 善化寺 > 4 小 DATONG > TAIYUAN 時 >太原 大同 > 太原 Fly from Taiyuan to Shenzhen DAY 9 由太原飛往深圳 ZH 9132 12: 45 - 15: 35 第九日 Sanshi’er is a lesser known but scenic part of the Great Wall. Built in the Ming dynasty, it is part of the “Outer Great Approximate flight time: 3 hours Wall,” which extends along the Inner Mongolia border with TAIYUAN > SHENZHEN 預計飛行時間： 三小時 Shanxi into Hebei province. > 三十二長城位於山西右玉縣楊千河鄉。 右玉長城為明外 太原 深圳 長城,全長168里。 三十二是指明長城進入右玉後的第三 十二峰台，這段長城因在雄騰山嶺之上，故山路崎嶇。 ACCOMMODATIONS 住宿 4-5 star hotel accommodations will be 旅程中會安排參加者入住四至五星級酒 carefully selected at each location where 店，以確保參加者能有一個舒適的空間 possible, to ensure that participants will be 休息作每天的總結。 able to unwind and rest comfortably at the end of each day. 膳食 是次山西之旅會讓參加者能夠有機會品 FOOD 嚐到豐富且具特色的晉菜，即山西菜系 This tour will provide ample opportunities 。晉菜以面食、大餅和深受北方少數民 for participants to experience native Shanxi 族和西北遊牧民族烹飪影響為特色。菜 cuisine. Shanxi cuisine, or Jin cuisine, is 點分為北、南、中三派，北路以大同、 known for its noodles and fried flatbread, 五台山為代表；南路以臨汾和運城為主 and the culinary influences of Northwest ，而中路菜以太原為首。 Asian nomadic nations and minorities. Shanxi cuisine comprises of three styles: Northern Shanxi style (represented by Datong and Mount Wutai), Southern Shanxi style (represented by Linfen and Grand Canal regions), and Central Shanxi style (represented by Taiyuan). HKD $28,000 per person /每人 The tour fee covers the following: 旅費已包括以下項目： • Return flight tickets (economy class) • 來回深圳 – 太原機票 (經濟客位) from Shenzhen to Taiyuan • 八晚的酒店住宿 • Hotel accommodations for 8 nights • 所有膳食 • All meals • 所有山西當地交通費用 • All local transportation • 專業導遊服務 • Professional tour guide services Payment 付款 • Bookings are not confirmed until payment is received. • 參加者需要在成功付款後才能確認報名成功 • A deposit of $5000 is requested to hold a booking. • 參加者需要另外繳付$5000作訂金之用 • If confirmed bookings are cancelled the following fees apply: • 報名成功後，參加者若要取消訂位，承真樓則按下列情況收費 • More than 14-days in advance: 10% of original payment • 15天以上通知 : 收取團費的百分之十 • 7-14 days in advance: 20% of original payment • 7至14天內通知: 收取團費的百分之二十 • 3-7 days in advance: 50% of original payment • 3至7日內通知: 收取團費的百分之五十 • Within 72 hours of commencement: Refunds will not be • 72小時內通知: 不接受退款。 (時間計算方式以出發當天早上八時 available. The hour of commencement will be considered 正為准) 8am the day of departure. • 如旅行團被逼取消，承真樓會把全數團費退回給參加者 • If the tour should be forced to be cancelled, CCSC tour payments will be fully refunded To make a booking, please fill out the Tour Booking Form. 請填寫以下旅遊團報名表格. Tour Booking Form 旅遊團報名表格 Name (Last, First) 姓名: ____________________________________ Date of Birth 出生日期 (D/M/Y): ___________________ (as shown on traveling document 須與旅遊證件相同) Gender 性別:: _____________ Traveling document number 旅遊證件號碼: _________________________________________ (passport or Hong Kong-Mainland Entry Card 護照 或 回鄉證) Other people under booking 其他旅客資料: Additional person 1 成員１ Additional person 2 成員２ 1. Name 姓名 2. Date of Birth 出生日期 3. Gender 性別 4. Traveling document no. 旅遊證件號碼 5. Email 電郵地址 Room arrangements (if traveling with other people under same booking) 房間安排 (如有其他同行旅客): ロ we want to share the same room (twin beds) 安排在同一間房 (雙床雙人房) ロ we want to share the same room (king bed) 安排在同一間房 (豪華雙人床房) ロ we want separate rooms 安排在不同房間 Tour Booking Form (continued) 旅遊團報名表格(續) Contact information 聯絡資料: Email address 電郵地址:________________________________________________________________________________ Phone number (inc. area code) 手提電話號碼 (包括國際電話區碼): ________________________________ Address
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    Resources: https://www.britannica.com/techn ology/pagoda, http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/arti TITLE: Pagoda (replica) cles/i/iconography-of-the- ARTIST: Unknown buddha/, DATE: Unknown http://fsu.kanopystreaming.com/vi SIZE: Height: 3 ¾; Width: 2 ¼; Depth: 1 7/8 inches deo/great-stupa-sanchi, MEDIUM: Wood https://prezi.com/nzoahwiq3owv/t AQUISTION #: 88.1.7 odaiji-the-great-eastern-temple/, http://thekyotoproject.org/english/ ADDITIONAL WORKS BY THE ARTIST IN COLLECTION? pagodas/ YES _ NO_ UNKNOWN X Context In the third century BCE, Emperor Ashoka commissioned the first “Great Stupa” in Sanchi, India. A stupa is a large dome tomb that was created to house relics of the Buddha. The “Great Stupa” held the Buddha’s ashes and was constructed in three parts: a base, body, and decorative finial. The decorative finial is the crowning element located at the highest point of the stupa. Throughout many centuries the design of the stupa structure evolved from the rounded monument to the multi-storied structure now known as the pagoda. Constructed and adapted throughout East Asia, the common building materials consist of brick, wood, or stone. Pagodas also range in a variety of sizes. Some are towers with high reaching crowning pieces and others are short. Today any Pagoda is a pilgrimage site. The Great Stupa at Sanchi Sakyamuni Pagoda of Fogong Temple The wooden pagoda in Yingxian, China is the oldest tiered structure in the world. Built in 1056, the nine-story building is 67.31 meters high. With multiple pagoda structures located throughout the world, this was the first wooden structure completed under the Ming (1368–1644) and Qing Dynasties (1644-1912).
  • The Political Symbolism of Chinese Timber Structure： a Historical Study of Official Construction in Yingzao-Fashi

    The Political Symbolism of Chinese Timber Structure： a Historical Study of Official Construction in Yingzao-Fashi

    The Political Symbolism of Chinese Timber Structure： a historical study of official construction in Yingzao-fashi Pengfei Ma A thesis in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Built Environment 2020 Surname/Family Name : Ma Given Name/s : Pengfei Abbreviation for degree as give in the University calendar : PhD Faculty : Faculty of Built Environment School : School of Built Environment Thesis Title : The Political Symbolism of Chinese Timber Structure： a historical study of official construction in Yingzao-fashi Abstract 350 words maximum: (PLEASE TYPE) This research presents a historical study of timber construction in the official building code Yingzao-fashi from the lens of politics. The longevity of Chinese civilisation is associated with the ephemeral but renewable timber structure of Chinese buildings. Such an enduring and stable tie, to a large extent, should be attributed to the adaptability of timber structures to the premodern Chinese political system. The inquiry and analysis of the research are structured into three key aspects — the impetus of Yingzao-fashi, official construction systems, the political symbolism of and literature associated with timber structure. The areas of inquiry are all centred on the research question: how did Chinese timber structure of different types serve premodern Chinese politics? First, Yingzhao-fashi has been studied by scholars mainly from a technical point of view, but it was a construction code designed to realise the agenda of political reform. Secondly, the main classifications of timber structures in Yingzao-fashi – diange and tingtang – possessed distinct construction methods of vertical massing and horizontal connection respectively. These two methods, emphasising different architectural elements, are identified as two construction systems created for royal family and officials: royal construction and government construction.
  • Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} 100 Mooiste Schatten Van China by Wang Zhen the Song (960–1279), Liao (907–1125), and Jin (1115–1234) Dynasties

    Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} 100 Mooiste Schatten Van China by Wang Zhen the Song (960–1279), Liao (907–1125), and Jin (1115–1234) Dynasties

    Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} 100 mooiste schatten van China by Wang Zhen The Song (960–1279), Liao (907–1125), and Jin (1115–1234) dynasties. The Song capital, Bianliang or Bianjing (present-day Kaifeng), grew to be a great city, only to be burned by Juchen Tatars in 1127, just after the work was completed. Nothing survives today, but some idea of the architecture of the city is suggested by a remarkably realistic hand scroll, Going up the River at Qingming Festival Time , painted by the 12th-century court artist Zhang Zeduan (whether painted before or after the sacking is uncertain). From contemporary accounts, Bianjing was a city of towers, the tallest being a pagoda 110 metres (360 feet) high, built in 989 by the architect Yu Hao to house a relic of the Indian emperor Ashoka. Palaces and temples were at first designed in the Tang tradition, sturdy and relatively simple in detail though smaller in scale. The plan and grouping of the elements, however, became progressively more complex; temple halls were often built in two or three stories, and structural detail became more elaborate. The style of the 10th century is exemplified in the Guanyin Hall of the Dule Temple at Jixian, Hebei province, built in 984 in Liao territory. A two- story structure with a mezzanine that projects to an outer balcony, the hall is effectively constructed of three tiers of supporting brackets. It houses a 16-metre- (52-foot-) high, 11-headed clay sculpture of the bodhisattva Guanyin, the largest of its kind in China, placed majestically beneath a central canopy.
  • The Caisson – Review of a Unique Wooden Construction Typology in China

    The Caisson – Review of a Unique Wooden Construction Typology in China

    The caisson – review of a unique wooden construction typology in China Corentin Fivet École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Fribourg, Switzerland Jingxian Ye Shanghai, China Peiliang Xu Ninghai County Cultural Heritage Administration Office, Zhejiang, China ABSTRACT: The caisson is a wooden construction system that covers opera stages for rain protection and sound control. Caissons in China display a diverse range of geometric expressions, delicate manufacturing, structural behaviours, and acoustic qualities. Despite their uniqueness and patrimonial interest, very little liter- ature is known to exist, and it lacks comprehensiveness. First, this paper attempts to compile for the first time a comprehensive list of publications on caissons. Fifteen sources are identified, among which six papers address the origin and interpretation of douba and spiral caissons. In addition, other types are here recorded, based on an original field research in Zhejiang and Shanxi provinces. Following this survey, the paper also suggests a classification for caisson types according to their geometries, construction process, and structural behaviour. This classification is further supported by the interviews with a local carpenter master who specialized in the renovation and component replacement of caissons. Considerations on carving artistries, painting, and pest control are also given eventually. As a result, this study brings forward the caisson’s diversity, fineness, and significance for the history of wood joinery construction. KEYWORDS: 12th-19th centuries, China, Wood-only-construction, Typology, Construction Technology 1 INTRODUCTION refers to the aquatic plants, and ‘well’ means the wa- ter source. Therefore, the caisson is traditionally the In China, a large amount of the world’s persistent ar- symbol of a steady flow of water, hoping to suppress chitectural heritage in wood-only construction has the trouble caused by the fire-devil and to protect the been preserved for several generations.
  • Meanings of Worship in Wooden Architecture in Brick

    Meanings of Worship in Wooden Architecture in Brick

    MEANINGS OF WORSHIP IN WOODEN ARCHITECTURE IN BRICK Yin Wu A thesis submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Art. Chapel Hill 2016 Approved by: Eduardo Douglas Wei-Cheng Lin Daniel Sherman @2016 Yin Wu ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Yin Wu: Meanings of Worship in Wooden Architecture in Brick (Under the direction of Wei-Cheng Lin) The brick burial chamber built to imitate the wooden structure that became popular since the late Tang period was usually understood as a mimicry of the aboveground residence. Its more and more elaborate construction toward the Jin period was also often described as representing the maturity of the “wooden architecture in brick.” In this paper, however, I argue that the increasing elaboration of the form, in fact, indicates a changing meaning of the tombs. To this end, this paper investigates the “wooden architecture in brick” built in the 12th-century tombs of the Duan family in Jishan, Shanxi province from two interrelated viewpoints—that of the fabricated world of the tomb owner and that of the realistic world of the burial chamber. I suggest that the complicated style of “wooden architecture in brick” does not mean a more magnificent imitation of the aboveground residence. Rather, when considered with other decorations in the chamber, the burial space was constructed for the deceased with reference to a temple, or a shrine. This suggested reference thus turns the chamber into a space of the deity, where the tomb master was revered, indeed, as a deity.