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JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY China Vol. 77 No. 1, 2017 Editor Richard de Grijs Deputy Editor Ines Eben v. Racknitz Copyright 2017 RAS China The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society China is published by Earnshaw Books on behalf of the Royal Asiatic Society China. Contributions The editor of the Journal invites submission of original unpublished scholarly articles and book reviews on the religion and philosophy, art and architecture, archaeology, anthropology and environment, of China. Books sent for review will be donated to the Royal Asiatic Society China Library. Contributors receive a copy of the Journal. Subscriptions Members receive a copy of the journal, with their paid annual membership fee. Individual copies will be sold to non-members, as available. Library Policy Copies and back issues of the Journal are available in the library. The library is available to members. www.royalasiaticsociety.org.cn Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society China Vol. 77 No. 1, 2017 978-988-8422-64-7 EB 097 © 2017 Royal Asiatic Society China The copyright of each article rests with the author. Designed and produced for RAS China by Earnshaw Books Ltd 17/F, Siu Ying Commercial Building, 151-155 Queen’s Road Central, Hong Kong All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in material form, by any means, whether graphic, electronic, mechanical or other, including photocopying or information storage, in whole or in part. May not be used to prepare other publications without written permission from the publisher. The Royal Asiatic Society China thanks Earnshaw Books for its valuable contribution and support. CONTENTS Editorial – A new direction for the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society China Richard de Grijs (Editor) Ines Eben v. Racknitz (Deputy Editor) 1 SECTION 1: CHINA AND PERIPHERY The view from the Legation British diplomatic diaries during the Boxer siege of 1900 by Tim Chamberlain 5 The Dolma Ling nunnery of Ulaanbaatar: A rare 18th Century Buddhist temple in Mongolia by M. A. Aldrich 29 Korean diaspora in Uzbekistan by Victoria Kim 48 Going global 16th-Century-style China and the Manila galleons trade by Kate Baker 56 Mao’s last cheerleader: Han Suyin and the muddying of modern Chinese history by Susie Gordon 68 The development of rugby football in the Far East from the mid- 1860s to the First World War by Simon Drakeford 83 SECTION 2: SERENDIPITY Serendipity in Linhai by Alan Babington-Smith 121 Reviving Enze Clinic: Humanistic care and heritage protection by Huang Miwu 134 ix SECTION 3: SHANGHAI Resurrection of the German community in Shanghai after the First World War and how Chinese friends laid the foundation stones by Christine Maiwald 143 The scribe of Russian Shanghai: Vladimir Zhiganov and his perennial masterpiece by Katya Knyazeva 162 Censoring Lady Chatterley in Shanghai: The censorship of Western culture and entertainment in the Shanghai International Settlement, 1940/1941 by Paul French 196 Tushanwan orphanage craft school in Shanghai: Its history and artistic significance by Julie Chun 212 Laszlo Hudec, five landmarks of Shanghai’s modern architect by James H. Bollen 230 The search for Chinese architecture: From Liang Sicheng to Wang Shu by Carolyn Herd Robertson 240 From soup to nuts: Eating in old Shanghai by Bill Savadove 262 SECTION 4: SOCIETY AND THE ARTS Observation and asylum: Yuan Dongping’s ‘Mental patients in China’ by Daniel Vuillermin 269 Reading between the lines of language by Keith Beasley, Lina Davitt, and David Joyner 282 Fei Lai Shi: Scholars’ rocks in southern California by Lindsay Shen 299 BOOK REVIEW Betrayed Ally, China in the Great War; Frances Wood and Christopher Arnander. Published: 2016, Pen & Sword (U.K.). by Mark O’Neill 305 x EDITORIAL – A NEW DIRECTION FOR THE JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY CHINA Richard de Grijs (Editor) Ines Eben v. Racknitz (Deputy Editor) With the 2017 issue of the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society China (JRAS China), we have set a small step towards rejuvenation and, to some extent, reinventing the Journal. A new editorial team was appointed at the Royal Asiatic Society’s Annual General Meeting in late 2016, composed of Richard de Grijs as Editor and Ines Eben v. Racknitz as Deputy Editor. We are both academics at leading Chinese universities; Richard is a professor at the Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, an international research institute on the campus of Peking University. His interests are in astrophysics and the history of science—particularly in East—West cross-fertilisation—while he also serves on the Council of the RAS China’s Beijing chapter. Ines is an associate professor at Nanjing University (Department of History); her expertise is in 19th Century Chinese history. Now that we have managed to publish our first issue of the JRAS China as the incoming editorial team, of which we are indeed very pleased in view of the high-quality articles we have received, this is an opportune time and the appropriate place to highlight the opportunities on offer for future years. The JRAS China is a continuation of the original scholarly publication of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, the Journal of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, published 1858–1948. The Journal proudly maintains the level of academic standards and innovative research that marked its standing as the pre-eminent Western Sinological journal in China for nearly a hundred years. The JRAS China aims at publishing articles that are accessible to a broad cross-section of the culturally literate public. Its publication frequency is once annually, both in print and online. It publishes original research articles on Chinese culture and society, past and present, with a focus on Mainland China. Original articles, which may be peer-reviewed, must be previously unpublished, and make a contribution to the field. The Journal also publishes timely reviews of 1 books on all aspects of Chinese history, culture and society. On the basis of the articles received this year, we have arranged the contributions in sections focussing on ‘China and its periphery,’ ‘Serendipity,’ ‘Shanghai,’ ‘Society and the Arts,’ and ‘Book reviews.’ The ‘Shanghai’s section is central to the 2017 issue given the theme’s predominance among the articles we received. We encourage prospective authors to contribute to the rich history of China’s central communities in future issues as well. In addition to the ‘Shanghai’ section, the broader scope of the ‘China and its periphery’ section includes a number of interesting and well-written contributions focussing on populations and developments as far afield as Uzbekistan, Mongolia and the Philippines, including two peer-reviewed articles on the foreign legations in Beijing and the history of football across the region. Our third peer-reviewed article is found in the ‘Society and the Arts’ section, with the authors discussing language developments. A particularly amazing story, accompanied by an historical background perspective, deals with the ‘Doolittle Raiders.’ This represents a truly unexpected encounter, ‘Serendipity’ in action. The mixture of magazine-style articles, peer-reviewed scholarly contributions, and shorter topical pieces is precisely what we were hoping for. Our authors hail from a wide variety of backgrounds and countries, and this is something we would like to develop more broadly in future issues. Our aim for the Journal is that it will provide both a platform for serious scholarly research and an outlet for lighter contributions which our readership—predominantly but not exclusively members of the RAS China—would find interesting as reading materials. We welcome contributions from younger scholars, writers, and anyone with an interesting story to tell. This is an invitation to consider contributing to future issues of the JRAS China; we are open to considering any topic of relevance to East Asia and we would be pleased to work with you to make your story come to life! For now, we hope that you enjoy reading this issue and we look forward to receiving your contributions, long or short, to the 2018 issue. 2 Section 1: China and periphery 3 4 Peer-reviewed article THE VIEW FROM THE LEGATION British diplomatic diaries during the Boxer siege of 1900 by Tim Chamberlaina Birkbeck College, University of London, U.K. Abstract Much has been written about the ‘Siege of the Legations’ in Peking (Beijing) in 1900, both at the time and later by historians looking back over these accounts and into official papers subsequently released to the public. There is a wealth of first-hand diaries and testimonies of the Siege written by those who were actually there, as well as contemporary newspaper reports, and even semi-fictionalised versions. This article examines three diaries kept by members of the British diplomatic corps—including the British Minister, Sir Claude MacDonald, and two student interpreters from the Consular Service, Lancelot Giles and William Meyrick Hewlett—and endeavours to look at these three sources in relation to a range of contemporary material: other diaries, newspaper reports, fictionalised accounts, photographs, and other pictorial depictions, wherever this seems relevant and appropriate. In looking at the private, first-hand accounts of these individuals, this article examines the views of three Westerners whose vantage points we might reasonably expect to have bridged the cultural divide between the two distinct cultures of the besiegers and those besieged. It was, after all, the job of the British
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