Temple Architecture of Liao & Jin Dynasty
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Case of Wooden Buddhist Temples*
ETHNOLOGY DOI: 10.17746/1563-0110.2017.45.2.142-148 A.Y. Mainicheva1, 2, V.V. Talapov2, and Zhang Guanying3 1Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia E-mail: [email protected] 2Novosibirsk State University of Architecture, Design and Arts, Krasny pr. 38, Novosibirsk, 630099, Russia E-mail: [email protected] 3AVIC Forestry CO., LTD, International Business Div. 22F, No. 28 Changjiang Rd, YEDA, Yantai, Shandong, China E-mail: [email protected] Principles of the Information Modeling of Cultural Heritage Objects: The Case of Wooden Buddhist Temples* This article describes the principles and prospects of using the BIM (building information modeling) technology, which was for the fi rst time used to reconstruct wooden Buddhist temples, to assess cultural information relating to them, and to evaluate the impact of the environment and exploitation. Preserving and restoring such temples is diffi cult because their construction includes wooden brackets—dougong. The BIM technology and our own method based on treatises of old Chinese architecture have enabled us to generate an information model of the temple (a new means of information processing) and to test it for geometric consistency. To create a library of elements, the Autodesk Revit software was used. To test the effi ciency of the library we applied the information model to the Shengmudian temple in the Shanxi province. The adaptation of the dougong library elements to wooden Buddhist temples provides the possibility for applying such technologies to generate a unifi ed system regardless of the software. Keywords: Architectural monuments, information modeling, BIM, Buddhist temples, dougong. -
Chinese Religious Art
Chinese Religious Art Chinese Religious Art Patricia Eichenbaum Karetzky LEXINGTON BOOKS Lanham • Boulder • New York • Toronto • Plymouth, UK Published by Lexington Books A wholly owned subsidiary of Rowman & Littlefield 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.rowman.com 10 Thornbury Road, Plymouth PL6 7PP, United Kingdom Copyright © 2014 by Lexington Books All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Karetzky, Patricia Eichenbaum, 1947– Chinese religious art / Patricia Eichenbaum Karetzky. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7391-8058-7 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-7391-8059-4 (pbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-7391-8060-0 (electronic) 1. Art, Chinese. 2. Confucian art—China. 3. Taoist art—China. 4. Buddhist art—China. I. Title. N8191.C6K37 2014 704.9'489951—dc23 2013036347 ™ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992. Printed in the United States of America Contents Introduction 1 Part 1: The Beginnings of Chinese Religious Art Chapter 1 Neolithic Period to Shang Dynasty 11 Chapter 2 Ceremonial -
Ecaade 2021 Towards a New, Configurable Architecture, Volume 2
eCAADe 2021 Towards a New, Configurable Architecture Volume 2 Editors Vesna Stojaković, Bojan Tepavčević, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences 1st Edition, September 2021 Towards a New, Configurable Architecture - Proceedings of the 39th International Hybrid Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10th September 2021, Volume 2. Edited by Vesna Stojaković and Bojan Tepavčević. Brussels: Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe, Belgium / Novi Sad: Digital Design Center, University of Novi Sad. Legal Depot D/2021/14982/02 ISBN 978-94-91207-23-5 (volume 2), Publisher eCAADe (Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe) ISBN 978-86-6022-359-5 (volume 2), Publisher FTN (Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Serbia) ISSN 2684-1843 Cover Design Vesna Stojaković Printed by: GRID, Faculty of Technical Sciences All rights reserved. Nothing from this publication may be produced, stored in computerised system or published in any form or in any manner, including electronic, mechanical, reprographic or photographic, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authors are responsible for all pictures, contents and copyright-related issues in their own paper(s). ii | eCAADe 39 - Volume 2 eCAADe 2021 Towards a New, Configurable Architecture Volume 2 Proceedings The 39th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe Hybrid Conference 8th-10th September -
The Political Symbolism of Chinese Timber Structure: a Historical Study of Official Construction in Yingzao-Fashi
The Political Symbolism of Chinese Timber Structure: a historical study of official construction in Yingzao-fashi Pengfei Ma A thesis in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Built Environment 2020 Surname/Family Name : Ma Given Name/s : Pengfei Abbreviation for degree as give in the University calendar : PhD Faculty : Faculty of Built Environment School : School of Built Environment Thesis Title : The Political Symbolism of Chinese Timber Structure: a historical study of official construction in Yingzao-fashi Abstract 350 words maximum: (PLEASE TYPE) This research presents a historical study of timber construction in the official building code Yingzao-fashi from the lens of politics. The longevity of Chinese civilisation is associated with the ephemeral but renewable timber structure of Chinese buildings. Such an enduring and stable tie, to a large extent, should be attributed to the adaptability of timber structures to the premodern Chinese political system. The inquiry and analysis of the research are structured into three key aspects — the impetus of Yingzao-fashi, official construction systems, the political symbolism of and literature associated with timber structure. The areas of inquiry are all centred on the research question: how did Chinese timber structure of different types serve premodern Chinese politics? First, Yingzhao-fashi has been studied by scholars mainly from a technical point of view, but it was a construction code designed to realise the agenda of political reform. Secondly, the main classifications of timber structures in Yingzao-fashi – diange and tingtang – possessed distinct construction methods of vertical massing and horizontal connection respectively. These two methods, emphasising different architectural elements, are identified as two construction systems created for royal family and officials: royal construction and government construction. -
Records of the Transmission of the Lamp (Jingde Chuadeng
The Hokun Trust is pleased to support the fifth volume of a complete translation of this classic of Chan (Zen) Buddhism by Randolph S. Whitfield. The Records of the Transmission of the Lamp is a religious classic of the first importance for the practice and study of Zen which it is hoped will appeal both to students of Buddhism and to a wider public interested in religion as a whole. Contents Foreword by Albert Welter Preface Acknowledgements Introduction Appendix to the Introduction Abbreviations Book Eighteen Book Nineteen Book Twenty Book Twenty-one Finding List Bibliography Index Foreword The translation of the Jingde chuandeng lu (Jingde era Record of the Transmission of the Lamp) is a major accomplishment. Many have reveled in the wonders of this text. It has inspired countless numbers of East Asians, especially in China, Japan and Korea, where Chan inspired traditions – Chan, Zen, and Son – have taken root and flourished for many centuries. Indeed, the influence has been so profound and pervasive it is hard to imagine Japanese and Korean cultures without it. In the twentieth century, Western audiences also became enthralled with stories of illustrious Zen masters, many of which are rooted in the Jingde chuandeng lu. I remember meeting Alan Ginsburg, intrepid Beat poet and inveterate Buddhist aspirant, in Shanghai in 1985. He had been invited as part of a literary cultural exchange between China and the U. S., to perform a series of lectures for students at Fudan University, where I was a visiting student. Eager to meet people who he could discuss Chinese Buddhism with, I found myself ushered into his company to converse on the subject. -
Calculation and Analysis of the Loads of Dou-Gong Brackets on Ming Dynasty Wooden Buildings in China
ISSN 1330-3651 (Print), ISSN 1848-6339 (Online) https://doi.org/10.17559/TV-20200308070648 Preliminary communication Calculation and Analysis of the Loads of Dou-Gong Brackets on Ming Dynasty Wooden Buildings in China Chengya ZHANG, Yubo GAO*, Enze DUAN Abstract: Constructions of Chinese ancient wooden buildings not only perform a seismic behavior but also benefit stability of the whole structures under static loads to protect Chinese ancient wooden buildings. Based on the surveying and mapping of JinciMirror Terrace and the collected data, load on the Mirror Terrace is calculated to provide the accurate value of the load, which can be used to determine the repair plan and provide a reference for later calculation of similar ancient buildings. The static stability is analyzed to determine whether the main components of the Mirror Terrace have good performance, discover the structural ideas of the ancients during construction, and provide a basis for the protection and maintenance of the buildings. Keywords: ancient building; internal force; load range; Ming dynasty; static load 1 INTRODUCTION AND RESEARCH AIM certain Shaolin hall [11]. It can be seen that although the predecessors had systematic research and analysis in There has been a problem in the ancient building that calculation of the ancient building loads, they only started detailed and exact data on the weight of ancient building from the perspective of official practice [12, 13] and their roofs is lacking. This brought certain difficulties to the content is also based on the calculations made by the structural design and cultural relics repair work [1]. official method that are more applicable to official Without accurate data, the value of the roof load is buildings and the load calculation and analysis of non- determined by experience during structural design, which official buildings are lacking. -
The Caisson – Review of a Unique Wooden Construction Typology in China
The caisson – review of a unique wooden construction typology in China Corentin Fivet École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Fribourg, Switzerland Jingxian Ye Shanghai, China Peiliang Xu Ninghai County Cultural Heritage Administration Office, Zhejiang, China ABSTRACT: The caisson is a wooden construction system that covers opera stages for rain protection and sound control. Caissons in China display a diverse range of geometric expressions, delicate manufacturing, structural behaviours, and acoustic qualities. Despite their uniqueness and patrimonial interest, very little liter- ature is known to exist, and it lacks comprehensiveness. First, this paper attempts to compile for the first time a comprehensive list of publications on caissons. Fifteen sources are identified, among which six papers address the origin and interpretation of douba and spiral caissons. In addition, other types are here recorded, based on an original field research in Zhejiang and Shanxi provinces. Following this survey, the paper also suggests a classification for caisson types according to their geometries, construction process, and structural behaviour. This classification is further supported by the interviews with a local carpenter master who specialized in the renovation and component replacement of caissons. Considerations on carving artistries, painting, and pest control are also given eventually. As a result, this study brings forward the caisson’s diversity, fineness, and significance for the history of wood joinery construction. KEYWORDS: 12th-19th centuries, China, Wood-only-construction, Typology, Construction Technology 1 INTRODUCTION refers to the aquatic plants, and ‘well’ means the wa- ter source. Therefore, the caisson is traditionally the In China, a large amount of the world’s persistent ar- symbol of a steady flow of water, hoping to suppress chitectural heritage in wood-only construction has the trouble caused by the fire-devil and to protect the been preserved for several generations. -
Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
WHC Nomination Documentation File Name: 1004.pdf UNESCO Region: ASIA AND THE PACIFIC __________________________________________________________________________________________________ SITE NAME: Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties DA TE OF INSCRIPTION: 2nd December 2000 STATE PARTY: CHINA CRITERIA: C (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (vi) DECISION OF THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE: Criterion (i):The harmonious integration of remarkable architectural groups in a natural environment chosen to meet the criteria of geomancy (Fengshui) makes the Ming and Qing Imperial Tombs masterpieces of human creative genius. Criteria (ii), (iii) and (iv):The imperial mausolea are outstanding testimony to a cultural and architectural tradition that for over five hundred years dominated this part of the world; by reason of their integration into the natural environment, they make up a unique ensemble of cultural landscapes. Criterion (vi):The Ming and Qing Tombs are dazzling illustrations of the beliefs, world view, and geomantic theories of Fengshui prevalent in feudal China. They have served as burial edifices for illustrious personages and as the theatre for major events that have marked the history of China. The Committee took note, with appreciation, of the State Party's intention to nominate the Mingshaoling Mausoleum at Nanjing (Jiangsu Province) and the Changping complex in the future as an extention to the Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing dynasties. BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS The Ming and Qing imperial tombs are natural sites modified by human influence, carefully chosen according to the principles of geomancy (Fengshui) to house numerous buildings of traditional architectural design and decoration. They illustrate the continuity over five centuries of a world view and concept of power specific to feudal China. -
Inhabiting Literary Beijing on the Eve of the Manchu Conquest
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO CITY ON EDGE: INHABITING LITERARY BEIJING ON THE EVE OF THE MANCHU CONQUEST A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE HUMANITIES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF EAST ASIAN LANGUAGES AND CIVILIZATIONS BY NAIXI FENG CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DECEMBER 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................................v ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. viii 1 A SKETCH OF THE NORTHERN CAPITAL...................................................................1 1.1 The Book ........................................................................................................................4 1.2 The Methodology .........................................................................................................25 1.3 The Structure ................................................................................................................36 2 THE HAUNTED FRONTIER: COMMEMORATING DEATH IN THE ACCOUNTS OF THE STRANGE .................39 2.1 The Nunnery in Honor of the ImperiaL Sister ..............................................................41 2.2 Ant Mounds, a Speaking SkulL, and the Southern ImperiaL Park ................................50 -
Urban Demolition and the Aesthetics of Recent Ruins In
Urban Demolition and the Aesthetics of Recent Ruins in Experimental Photography from China Xavier Ortells-Nicolau Directors de tesi: Dr. Carles Prado-Fonts i Dr. Joaquín Beltrán Antolín Doctorat en Traducció i Estudis Interculturals Departament de Traducció, Interpretació i d’Estudis de l’Àsia Oriental Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 2015 ii 工地不知道从哪天起,我们居住的城市 变成了一片名副其实的大工地 这变形记的场京仿佛一场 反复上演的噩梦,时时光顾失眠着 走到睡乡之前的一刻 就好像门面上悬着一快褪色的招牌 “欢迎光临”,太熟识了 以到于她也真的适应了这种的生活 No sé desde cuándo, la ciudad donde vivimos 比起那些在工地中忙碌的人群 se convirtió en un enorme sitio de obras, digno de ese 她就像一只蜂后,在一间屋子里 nombre, 孵化不知道是什么的后代 este paisaJe metamorfoseado se asemeja a una 哦,写作,生育,繁衍,结果,死去 pesadilla presentada una y otra vez, visitando a menudo el insomnio 但是工地还在运转着,这浩大的工程 de un momento antes de llegar hasta el país del sueño, 简直没有停止的一天,今人绝望 como el descolorido letrero que cuelga en la fachada de 她不得不设想,这能是新一轮 una tienda, 通天塔建造工程:设计师躲在 “honrados por su preferencia”, demasiado familiar, 安全的地下室里,就像卡夫卡的鼹鼠, de modo que para ella también resulta cómodo este modo 或锡安城的心脏,谁在乎呢? de vida, 多少人满怀信心,一致于信心成了目标 en contraste con la multitud aJetreada que se afana en la 工程质量,完成日期倒成了次要的 obra, 我们这个时代,也许只有偶然性突发性 ella parece una abeja reina, en su cuarto propio, incubando quién sabe qué descendencia. 能够结束一切,不会是“哗”的一声。 Ah, escribir, procrear, multipicarse, dar fruto, morir, pero el sitio de obras sigue operando, este vasto proyecto 周瓒 parece casi no tener fecha de entrega, desesperante, ella debe imaginar, esto es un nuevo proyecto, construir una torre de Babel: los ingenieros escondidos en el sótano de seguridad, como el topo de Kafka o el corazón de Sión, a quién le importa cuánta gente se llenó de confianza, de modo que esa confianza se volvió el fin, la calidad y la fecha de entrega, cosas de importancia secundaria. -
Records of the Transmission of the Lamp: Volume 2
The Hokun Trust is pleased to support the second volume of a complete translation of this classic of Chan (Zen) Buddhism by Randolph S. Whitfield. The Records of the Transmission of the Lamp is a religious classic of the first importance for the practice and study of Zen which it is hoped will appeal both to students of Buddhism and to a wider public interested in religion as a whole. Contents Preface Acknowledgements Introduction Abbreviations Book Four Book Five Book Six Book Seven Book Eight Book Nine Finding List Bibliography Index Reden ist übersetzen – aus einer Engelsprache in eine Menschensprache, das heist, Gedanken in Worte, – Sachen in Namen, – Bilder in Zeichen. Johann Georg Hamann, Aesthetica in nuce. Eine Rhapsodie in kabbalistischer Prosa. 1762. Preface The doyen of Buddhism in England, Christmas Humphreys (1901- 1983), once wrote in his book, Zen Buddhism, published in 1947, that ‘The “transmission” of Zen is a matter of prime difficulty…Zen… is ex hypothesi beyond the intellect…’1 Ten years later the Japanese Zen priest Sohaku Ogata (1901-1973) from Chotoko-in, in the Shokufuji Temple compound in Kyoto came to visit the London Buddhist Society that Humphreys had founded in the 1920s. The two men had met in Kyoto just after the Second World War. Sohaku Ogata’s ambition was to translate the whole of the Song dynasty Chan (Zen) text Records of the Transmission of the Lamp (hereafter CDL), which has never been fully translated into any language (except modern Chinese), into English. Before his death Sohaku Ogata managed to translate the first ten books of this mammoth work.2 The importance of this compendium had not gone unnoticed. -
Tracking B Odhidharma
/.0. !.1.22 placing Zen Buddhism within the country’s political landscape, Ferguson presents the Praise for Zen’s Chinese Heritage religion as a counterpoint to other Buddhist sects, a catalyst for some of the most revolu- “ A monumental achievement. This will be central to the reference library B)"34"35%65 , known as the “First Ances- tionary moments in China’s history, and as of Zen students for our generation, and probably for some time after.” tor” of Zen (Chan) brought Zen Buddhism the ancient spiritual core of a country that is —R)9$%: A4:;$! Bodhidharma Tracking from South Asia to China around the year every day becoming more an emblem of the 722 CE, changing the country forever. His modern era. “An indispensable reference. Ferguson has given us an impeccable legendary life lies at the source of China and and very readable translation.”—J)3! D54") L))%4 East Asian’s cultural stream, underpinning the region’s history, legend, and folklore. “Clear and deep, Zen’s Chinese Heritage enriches our understanding Ferguson argues that Bodhidharma’s Zen of Buddhism and Zen.”—J)5! H5<4=5> was more than an important component of China’s cultural “essence,” and that his famous religious movement had immense Excerpt from political importance as well. In Tracking Tracking Bodhidharma Bodhidharma, the author uncovers Bodhi- t r a c k i n g dharma’s ancient trail, recreating it from The local Difang Zhi (historical physical and textual evidence. This nearly records) state that Bodhidharma forgotten path leads Ferguson through established True Victory Temple China’s ancient heart, exposing spiritual here in Tianchang.