DOCSLIB.ORG

Reforming Repressive State Apparatus –

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Reforming Repressive State Apparatus – REFORMING REPRESSIVE STATE APPARATUS – THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE Reforming Repressive State Apparatus – The Central European Experience Published by the People in Need with the support of the International Visegrad Fund, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, and the Opens Society Institute Prague 2008 Printed by KPR Printing House ISBN 978–80–86961–47–7 (English version) Editors: Igor Blazevic, Scott Hudson English translation: Mark Alexander, Robin Cassling; Easytalk Agency Acknowledgements In June 2007, People in Need (CZ), in cooperation with its partners at the Pontis Foundation (SK), the Polish Helsinki Committee (PL) and the Hungarian Helsinki Committee (HU), staged a seminar called: “Reforming Repressive State Apparatus – The Central European Experience” under the auspices of the Czech Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr. Karel Schwarzenberg. The seminar was organized with the support of the International Visegrad Fund, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, and the Opens Society Institute’s “East East Program.” People came from across Central Europe to this seminar, as well as members from the civil society in several democracy assistance target countries such as Belarus, Moldavia, Georgia, Ukraine, Serbia, and Burma. This publication contains the presentations that were given at the seminar so that it could be studied, analyzed and used by those in attendance and those who were unable to make it. Table of content Introduction 7 Igor Blažević Opening Panel: Reform and Lustration, Discontinuity and Continuity 11 Steering Between Legitimacy and Professionalism 12 Jiří Schneider The Challenge of Judging People by the Previous Regime’s Files 14 Ján Čárnogurský The Czech Experience: the State Security’s Dissolution and the Lustration Law 17 Jan Ruml Why the Normative Order is the Priority, not Economics 22 Vojtěch Cepl The Hungarian Experience: Failing to Make Accountability Happen 25 Ferenc Koszeg Workshop 1: Dismantling or Reforming the Intelligence Services 29 Have We Succeeded? 30 Jaroslav Spurný Starting from Scratch 32 Oldřich Černý Overcoming Identity Crisis through New Challenges 34 Juraj Kohutiar Make Parliamentary Control Meaningful 37 Andor Šándor Turbulent Developments in Slovakia after the Split 40 Ivan Šimko Workshop 2: Reforming the Interior Ministry and the Police 45 Main challenges: Political Interference and Corruption 46 Milan Žitný Police: a Protected Island of Communist Heritage 49 Ferenc Koszeg Police Reform Still a Long Way to Go 55 Jan Ruml The Slovak Case 59 Ivan Šimko Workshop 3: Archives 63 The Slovak Institute of National Memory 64 Miroslav Lehký What Happened to the Secret Police Archives in Poland 67 Zbigniew Nawrocki Ongoing Controversies with the Polish Archives 71 Irena Lasota The Fate of the Former GDR’s Archives 74 Tomáš Vilímek The Importance of Founding the Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes 78 Pavel Žáček Workshop 4: Reforming the Army 83 The Effect of International Developments 84 Ivan Gabal NATO Membership as a Driving Force for Reform 86 Bánk L. Boros Transforming an Obsolete Colossus into a Modern Army 90 Stanislav Koziej Establishing Civilian and Democratic Control over the Army 93 Ivo Samson Short Sighted Planning and Long-Term Consequences 97 Jiří Šedivý Introduction 7 Igor Blažević, People in Need Every country that has made the transition to democracy from some form of INTRODUCTION authoritarianism has had to figure out what to do with the repressive apparatus that was left behind when the former regime crumbled. Following the democratic Velvet Revolutions that spread across Central Europe in 1989, each of the Visegrad countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia) has had to determine what the best course of action would be for reforming the inherited armies, interior ministries, police units and intelligence services, so that they could become institutions that benefited a democratic state rather than propped up a single party or strongman. Even though nearly 20 years have passed, there are debates that have continued about how these reforms were handled in each of these respective countries. It may still be too early to pass historical judgment over what was done, but that does not mean that meaningful lessons can’t be learned from analyzing and comparing what was done and what the outcomes have been like in these countries that experienced such radical transformations at the end of the Cold War. The “Reforming Repressive State Apparatus – The Central European Experience” seminar was structured around specific topics connected to reform: Lustration, Intelligence Services, Interior Ministries, Archives and Armies. Each theme touched upon one of the complex areas that needed to be transformed by outlining what was done, what wasn’t and how things look in retrospect. Naturally, there are times where these topics overlapped, especially when you look more closely at the experiences of each individual country. As a result, try and take each section as part of a whole, rather than as a singular symptom that has been pulled out for scientific research. A prestigious group of politicians, journalists and academics have been brought together so that those presenting and in attendance could assess the record of what took place in Central Europe since the Iron Curtain fell. What had worked? What had failed? What opportunities had been missed? How much continuity do institutions need? Not only did these questions help to shed light on how far things had come in this corner of the world, but they also helped to generate useful recommendations and insights for pro-democracy activists in countries either in the earlier stages of transformation or trying to cast off an authoritarian regime. Opening Panel: Reform and Lustration, Discontinuity and Continuity 8 By the end of 1989, decades of Soviet power over Central Europe seemingly evaporated over a matter of weeks. Dissidents, ex-political prisoners, and human rights activists went practically overnight from smuggling samizdat and writing manifestos to being thrust into political power. These former ‘enemies of the state’ were now put in charge of running the government and transforming the institutions that had previously oppressed them and their fellow countrymen. However, removing the leaders from INTRODUCTION power would end up seeming relatively easy when compared with dealing with the mess that they ended up leaving behind. By taking over the state’s indoctrinated bureaucracy, the new democratic leaders were forced to deal with what to do with the personnel and structures that had been in place for decades. What should be done with them? Who was worth keeping and who was a threat? Which institutions should be consigned to the dustbin of history and which ones were essential to the functions of a modern state. Which was more important: continuity or discontinuity for establishing a legitimate and effective governmental institution? Could the state’s repressive apparatus be reformed or dismantled? The opening plenary addressed these questions by taking a cursory look at the reforms that were made in general and at the various lustration laws that were passed to deal with some of these complex issues. Czechoslovakia passed its first lustration law in October 1991, followed by other countries in the region, including Poland, Lithuania, Bulgaria, etc. However, the topic has remained controversial for ethical, practical and judicial reasons. Has the concept of lustrations passed the test of time? Is lustration, like democracy, always imperfect, but at the same time the best tool among those available for blocking the previous regime from re-gaining power? Workshop 1: Dismantling or Reforming the Intelligence Services Authoritarian governments by nature use force as a means of maintaining order over their society. As a result, the secret police, along with a tangled web of collaborators and informants, has often served as the main tool of repression for these regimes. Governments in general are expected to maintain order and stability as a means for fulfilling their half of the social contract, but at what cost. In the former Soviet Bloc, the various regimes spent far more time policing its own citizens, rather than protecting them from the various external threats. In many cases, this was usually done under the name of gathering “intelligence.” Apparently, history is not without its sense of irony. After 1989, the democratic leadership in Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland followed different paths. From today’s perspective, who made the right choice? Did the reforms in the Czech Republic and in Slovakia go far enough? Or they have gone too far? What role did the secret service networks play in Mečiar’s consolidation of power in Slovakia? Did secret service networks facilitate in some way the return of the 9 former-communist parties to power in Poland and Hungary? Over time, new perspectives and questions have been realized about how the countries of Central Europe went about reforming or completely dismantling the intelligence services that had existed under communism. Should these reforms have happened immediately after the democratic breakthrough? Would it have been INTRODUCTION better, let alone possible, for it to wait? Was the reform or dismantling of the secret services driven more by the need for justice, than on the need to develop a culture of constitutionality, law and order and efficiency? Has there been enough parliamentary oversight over intelligence agencies? What
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lustration Laws in Action: the Motives and Evaluation of Lustration Policy in the Czech Republic and Poland ( 1989-200 1 ) Roman David
    Lustration Laws in Action: The Motives and Evaluation of Lustration Policy in the Czech Republic and Poland ( 1989-200 1 ) Roman David Lustration laws, which discharge the influence of old power structures upon entering democracies, are considered the most controversial measure of transitional justice. This article suggests that initial examinations of lustrations have often overlooked the tremendous challenges faced by new democracies. It identifies the motives behind the approval of two distinctive lustration laws in the Czech Republic and Poland, examines their capacity to meet their objectives, and determines the factors that influence their perfor- mance. The comparison of the Czech semi-renibutive model with the Polish semi-reconciliatory model suggests the relative success of the fonner within a few years following its approval. It concludes that a certain lustration model might be significant for democratic consolidation in other transitional coun- tries. The Czech word lustrace and the Polish lustrucju have enlivened the forgotten English term lustration,’ which is derived from the Latin term lus- Roman David is a postdoctoral fellow at the law school of the University of the Witwa- tersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa ([email protected]; [email protected]). The original version of the paper was presented at “Law in Action,” the joint annual meeting of the Law and Society Association and the Research Committee on the Sociology of Law, Budapest, 4-7 July 2001. The author thanks the University for providing support in writing this paper; the Research Support Scheme, Prague (grant no. 1636/245/1998), for financing the fieldwork; Jeny Oniszczuk from the Polish Constitutional Tribunal for relevant legal mate- rials; and Christopher Roederer for his comments on the original version of the paper.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of the Share of Membership Fees and Donations On
    Masaryk University Faculty of Economics and Administration Study program: Public Economy and Administration DEVELOPMENT OF THE SHARE OF MEMBERSHIP FEES AND DONATIONS ON FUNDING OF SELECTED POLITICAL PARTIES AND MOVEMENTS DURING 1998-2013 Vývoj podílu členských příspěvků a darů na financování vybraných politických stran a hnutí v letech 1998-2013 Diploma thesis Thesis Supervisors: Author: Ing. Marek Pavlik, Ph.D. (MU) Roman ŠVEC Prof. Hannu Laurila (UTA) Brno, 2016 Jméno a příjmení autora: Roman Švec Název diplomové práce: Vývoj podílu členských příspěvků a darů na financování vybraných politických stran a hnutí v letech 1998-2013 Název práce v angličtině: Development of the share of membership fees and donations on funding of selected political parties and movements during 1998-2013 Katedra: Veřejné ekonomie Vedoucí diplomové práce: Ing. Marek Pavlík, Ph.D., Profesor Hannu Laurila Rok obhajoby: 2016 Anotace Financování politických stran a hnutí se stalo důležitým aspektem politického života. Strany mohou získávat peníze různými způsoby, nicméně hlavní pozornost v této diplomové práci je věnována darům a členským příspěvkům. Oba dva tyto typy financování byly již několikrát zkoumány, nikoliv však z pohledu samotných politiků. Zkoumal jsem dary přijaté od členů Parlamentu a krajských politiků a zabýval se otázkou, zdali zde existují nějaké prokazatelné odlišnosti ve výši darů přijatých od těchto dvou skupin politiků. Testování bylo provedeno jak na všech politicích jako celku, tak i zvlášť v rámci jednotlivých vybraných politických stran a hnutí. Prozkoumány byly také vybrané členské příspěvky jednotlivými politickými stranami a hnutími, výše členských příspěvků a velikost členských základen. V diplomové práci je navíc prezentováno několik zajímavých statistik ohledně obou těchto typů financování.
    [Show full text]
  • Volby Do Poslanecké Sněmovny Parlamentu Čr V Roce 1996-2013
    VOLBY DO POSLANECKÉ SNĚMOVNY PARLAMENTU ČR V ROCE 1996-2013 Příloha 7 Seznam kandidátů s dostatečným počtem přednostních hlasů pro posun na kandidátní listině Rok Volební Navrhující Volební Pořadí Přednostní Hlasy Poznámka o vlivu Jméno, Příjmení Mandát voleb strana strana obvod kandidáta přednostního hlasování na kandidáta abs. % 1996 ČSSD ČSSD Hlavní město Praha1 1 Petra Buzková 19 081 14,49 ano na mandátové pozici bez ohledu na PH 1996 ČSSD ČSSD Severomoravský 1 Miloš Zeman 67 848 17,55 ano na mandátové pozici bez ohledu na PH 1996 ODS ODS Západočeský 1 Jan Ruml 18 306 12,27 ano na mandátové pozici bez ohledu na PH 1996 ODS ODS Severomoravský 1 Václav Klaus 54 880 17,65 ano na mandátové pozici bez ohledu na PH 1996 KSČMKSČM Jihočeský1 1 Vojtěch Filip 6 446 13,84 ano na mandátové pozici bez ohledu na PH 1996 KSČMKSČM Západočeský 2 Miroslav Vacek 8 283 14,69 ano na mandátové pozici bez ohledu na PH 1996 KDU-ČSL KDU-ČSL Východočeský 1 Josef Lux 11 382 13,95 ano na mandátové pozici bez ohledu na PH 1996 ODA ODA Hlavní město Praha1 1 Jan Kalvoda 8 326 12,31 ano na mandátové pozici bez ohledu na PH 1996 ODA ODA Jihomoravský1 1 Vladimír Dlouhý 10 742 11,56 ano na mandátové pozici bez ohledu na PH 1996 SPR-RSČ SPR-RSČ Severočeský 1 Miroslav Sládek 15 861 19,51 ano na mandátové pozici bez ohledu na PH 1998 ČSSD ČSSD Hlavní město Praha1 1 Petra Buzková 29 295 17,31 ano na mandátové pozici bez ohledu na PH 1998 ČSSD ČSSD Středočeský1 1 Stanislav Gross 36 197 16,55 ano na mandátové pozici bez ohledu na PH 1998 ČSSD ČSSD Severomoravský 1 Miloš
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter fece, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back o f the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Infonnation Company 300 North Zed) Road, Ann Aibor NO 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE THE CATHOUC CHURCH AND THE REBIRTH OF CIVIL SOCIETY: ELITE CONVERGENCE, MOBILIZATION AND DEMOCRATIC TRANSITIONS IN EAST-CENTRAL EUROPE A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Nathalie GAGNERE Norman, Oklahoma 1998 UMI Nounber: 9839793 Copyright 1998 by Gagnere, Nathalie All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Bakalarska Prace.Pdf
    Právnická fakulta Masarykovy univerzity obor Veřejná správa Katedra dějin státu a práva Bakalářská práce Vývoj organizace ministerstva vnitra Tomáš Bábík 2018/2019 „ Prohlašuji, že jsem bakalářskou práci na téma Vývoj organizace ministerstva vnitra zpracoval sám. Veškeré prameny a zdroje informací, které jsem použil k sepsání této práce, byly citovány v poznámkách pod čarou a jsou uvedeny v seznamu použitých pramenů a literatury.“ -------------------------------------- Tomáš Bábík Rád bych věnoval osobní poděkování doc. JUDr. Karlu Schellemu, CSc. za poskytnutí cenných rad, ochotu a trpělivost při psaní bakalářské práce. Abstrakt (česká verze) Tato bakalářská práce je zaměřena na vývoj a organizaci ministerstva vnitra od jeho vzniku až do současnosti. Úvodní kapitola je zaměřena na proces vzniku instituce a její následný vývoj po roce 1848. Zvláštní důraz je pak kladen na období po roce 1918, na organizaci a členění ministerstva a jeho podíl na tvorbě legislativy. V dalších kapitolách je popsán vývoj ministerstva s ohledem na proběhlé politické a společenské změny. Závěrečná kapitola sleduje vývoj ministerstva po roce 1989 až do současnosti. Klíčová slova: ministerstvo vnitra, ministr, legislativní činnost, Československo 1918–1938, organizace ministerstva vnitra, vývoj ministerstva vnitra. Abstract (English version) This Bachelor's thesis is aimed at the development and organization of the Ministry of the Interior from its inception to the present day. The introductory chapter focuses on the process of establishment of the institution and its subsequent development after 1848. Special emphasis is then placed on the period after 1918, on the organization and division of the ministry and its share in the formation of legislation. In further chapters, the development of the ministry is described in view of the political and social changes that had taken place.
    [Show full text]
  • Premiéři V Rukách Poradců Aneb Kdo Komu Vládne
    Premiéři v rukách poradců aneb kdo komu vládne Nadační fond proti korupci Obsah Prolog 3 Úvod 4 1 Václav Klaus aneb narcis v zajetí poradců 11 1.1 Poradci a černá konta ODS . 12 1.2 Jiří Weigl aneb tichá voda… . 18 1.2.1 Investiční a poštovní banka . 20 1.2.2 Doporučení Viktora Koženého . 24 1.2.3 Utajená schůzka s velkými následky . 26 1.3 Další „drobnosti“ kolem Klause . 28 1.3.1 Kocourkův odklon a Key Investments . 28 1.3.2 Ranko Pecić . 30 1.3.3 Alexandr Nikolajevič Rebjonok . 31 1.3.4 Nejbližší osoba . 32 2 Miloš Zeman aneb svéráz na scéně 33 2.1 Miroslav Šlouf – olympionik lobbingu . 37 2.2 Martin Nejedlý – Rusko na Hradě . 41 3 Vladimír Špidla aneb byrokrat v oblacích 44 3.1 Jaroslav Ungerman – trojjediný poradce . 48 4 Stanislav Gross aneb divoké mládí 51 4.1 Uhlí a kamarádi Musela, Sýkora a Pokorný . 55 4.2 Provize – Pandury – pokus č. 1 . 59 4.3 Křišťálová čistota a životní obchod . 59 5 Jiří Paroubek aneb urputně proti všem! 62 6 Mirek Topolánek aneb zemitá pravice vpřed! 68 6.1 Aleš Řebíček a zvedací most v Kolíně . 70 6.2 Marek Dalík a astronomický úplatek . 71 7 Petr Nečas aneb osudová žena 76 7.1 Jana Nagyová – carevna na Úřadu vlády . 81 8 Bohuslav Sobotka tedy Radek Pokorný 90 8.1 Škoda plzeňské Škody . 93 8.2 OKD a… Pokorného kancelář . 100 8.3 Lokomotivy a arbitráž s Pokorným . 103 8.4 Schůzka s předsedou Vrchního soudu v Praze . 105 8.5 Dvě velké oslavy jednoho právníka .
    [Show full text]
  • Caretaker Governments in Czech Politics: What to Do About a Government Crisis
    Europe-Asia Studies ISSN: 0966-8136 (Print) 1465-3427 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ceas20 Caretaker Governments in Czech Politics: What to Do about a Government Crisis Vít Hloušek & Lubomír Kopeček To cite this article: Vít Hloušek & Lubomír Kopeček (2014) Caretaker Governments in Czech Politics: What to Do about a Government Crisis, Europe-Asia Studies, 66:8, 1323-1349, DOI: 10.1080/09668136.2014.941700 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2014.941700 Published online: 17 Sep 2014. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 130 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 1 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ceas20 Download by: [Masarykova Univerzita v Brne] Date: 20 February 2017, At: 05:13 EUROPE-ASIA STUDIES Vol. 66, No. 8, October 2014, 1323–1349 Caretaker Governments in Czech Politics: What to Do about a Government Crisis VI´T HLOUSˇEK & LUBOMI´R KOPECˇ EK Abstract Czech politics suffers from a low durability of most of its governments, and frequent government crises. One of the products of this situation has been the phenomenon of caretaker governments. This article analyses why political elites have resorted to this solution, and discusses how this has reflected an older Czech tradition. Two cases of such governments are analysed in detail. The Tosˇovsky´ government was characterised by the ability of the Czech president to advance his agenda through this government at a time when the party elites were divided. The Fischer government was characterised by the considerably higher role of parties that shaped and limited the agenda of the cabinet, and the president played a more static role.
    [Show full text]
  • Masterarbeit
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OTHES MASTERARBEIT Titel der Masterarbeit: Immigrationspolitik der Tschechischen Republik Verfasserin: Bc. Jana Jůdová angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Sozialwissenschaften Wien, Juli 2010 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 300/295 Studienrichtung lt. Studienplan: Politikwissenschaft Betreuer: Univ.Prof. Dr. Dieter Segert, Dr. Andreas Pribersky 1 Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 3 1. Einleitung ............................................................................................................................................ 4 2. Theorie ................................................................................................................................................ 7 2.1. Migrationstheorien .......................................................................................................... 8 2.1.1. Neoklassischer ökonomischer Ansatz (Neoclassical theory) ................................... 8 2.1.2. Makro Theorie (Macro theory) ................................................................................ 9 2.1.3. Mikro Theorie (Micro theory) .................................................................................. 9 2.1.4. Der neue ökonomische Zugang (The new ecconomic approach) ............................ 9 2.1.5. Historisch- strukturalistischer Zugang (Historical-structural
    [Show full text]
  • Institutions, Legacies, and Strategies of Regime Formation: a Comparative Study of Albania, Czech Republic and Romania
    Inescapable Past: Institutions, Legacies, and Strategies of Regime Formation: A comparative study of Albania, Czech Republic and Romania By Sokol Lleshi Submitted to Central European University Doctoral School of Political Science International Relations and Public Policy In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervisor: Professor András Bozóki Budapest, Hungary 2015 September 30 Word Count: 76174 Abstract The emergence of particular institutional sites generically known as Institutes of Memory have been part of the political project of center-right parties in East Central Europe to make an effective break with the state socialist past. The thesis addresses the question of what explains the variation of the institutionalization of the political projects and their effect in breaking with the state socialist institutional legacies and the inheritors of the past regime. The thesis uses a small-N case study in combination with within-case analysis focusing on the cases of Czech Republic, Albania, and Romania. The findings of the thesis produce a theoretical typology of the three cases across the institutional and the legacy dimension. The Czech case is a case of robust institutionalization and transformation of the state socialist legacies. The Romanian case has a factionalized institutionalization and partial transformation of the legacy and the Albanian case is case of weak institutionalization and fixed legacy. i Dedication To my parents ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract .....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Czech E Xp Erience
    …Today, fifteen years on, we are trying to learn from both our achievements and our failures. We try to imagine the position of those who will take power tomorrow or the day after tomorrow, somewhere close or a world apart. In doing so, we assume responsibility for the future of those countries setting out on the difficult road to freedom, countries that will find themselves on a stage, thrust into the spotlight… Petr Pithart The Czech Experience BBurma_cover_ORANZ.inddurma_cover_ORANZ.indd 1 99/26/06/26/06 99:32:41:32:41 PMPM Transformation: The Czech Experience Published by People in Need with the support of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic Prague 2006 Printed by Hugo printing company Pražská 16, 102 21 Praha 10, Czech Republic ISBN 80-86961-12-5 (English version) ISBN 80-86961-05-2 (Spanish version) ISBN 80-86961-06-0 (Belarus version) Transformation: The Czech Experience Table of contents Preface: The First Days Petr Pithart 7 Czechoslovakia’s Return to Democracy Jiří Suk 9 Constitutionality and Retroactivity in Central Europe Jiří Přibáň 29 The Fall of Communism in Czechoslovakia Ján Čarnogurský 43 Changes in the Judiciary Jaroslav Marek 51 My Reflections on the Transformation of the Judiciary Otakar Motejl 57 Economic Reforms Viktor Hanzlík 61 Privatisation Tomáš Ježek 81 The Seamy Side of Banking Sector Transformation Jan Hájek 89 Army Transformation Jan Eichler 99 Transformation of the Interior Ministry and Security Forces Jan Frolík 103 My Time at the Interior Ministry Jan Ruml 111 The Transformation of the
    [Show full text]
  • Přehled Členů Vlád
    SROVNÁVACÍ STUDIE Obsah: Přehled členů vlád VLÁDA MARIÁNA ČALFY 5 VLÁDA MARIÁNA ČALFY 8 ministrů a jejich náměstků VLÁDA JANA STRÁSKÉHO 9 od listopadu 1989 do dubna 2020 VLÁDA PETRA PITHARTA 10 VLÁDA PETRA PITHARTA 13 VLÁDA VÁCLAVA KLAUSE 17 VLÁDA VÁCLAVA KLAUSE 23 VLÁDA JOSEFA TOŠOVSKÉHO 28 VLÁDA MILOŠE ZEMANA 31 VLÁDA VLADIMÍRA ŠPIDLY 37 VLÁDA STANISLAVA GROSSE 43 VLÁDA JIŘÍHO PAROUBKA 48 VLÁDA MIRKA TOPOLÁNKA 54 VLÁDA MIRKA TOPOLÁNKA II. 59 VLÁDA JANA FISCHERA 67 VLÁDA PETRA NEČASE 73 VLÁDA JIŘÍHO RUSNOKA 82 VLÁDA BOHUSLAVA SOBOTKY 87 I. VLÁDA ANDREJE BABIŠE 98 II. VLÁDA ANDREJE BABIŠE 104 Srovnávací studie č. 1.107 Aktualizace červenec 2020 autor: Eva Dostálová, Petr Dundek, Petr Kolář, Soňa Šteigerová PI 1.107 2 AKTUÁLNÍ VYDÁNÍ: EDICE: STUDIE Název: Přehled členů vlád Typ edice: online, ISSN 2533-4131 Autoři: Dostálová, E., Dundek, P., Kolář, P., Šteigerová, S. URL: http://www.psp.cz/sqw/ppi.sqw?d=1 Číslo: Srovnávací studie č. 1.107 První vydání edice: červenec 1991 Datum: září 2017 Frekvence vydání edice: nepravidelná Zaměření: srovnávací a analytické studie zpracované Klíčová slova: pro členy Parlamentu České republiky Ministr, náměstek, vláda, složení Jazyk: CZ Vydavatel: Kancelář Poslanecké sněmovny, Sněmovní 4, 118 26 Praha 1 PARLAMENTNÍ INSTITUT plní úkoly vědeckého, informačního a vzdělávacího střediska pro Poslaneckou sněmovnu, její orgány, poslance a Kancelář Poslanecké sněmovny, pro Senát, jeho orgány, senátory a Kancelář Senátu. Naše činnosti a produkty uvádíme níže. Oddělení STUDIE ODPOVĚDI NA VYBRANÁ TÉMATA MONITORING
    [Show full text]
  • MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA Fakulta Sociálních Studií Katedra Politologie
    MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA Fakulta sociálních studií Katedra politologie DISERTAČNÍ PRÁCE Brno 2016 Kateřina Tvrdá MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA Fakulta sociálních studií Katedra politologie Mgr. et Mgr. Kateřina Tvrdá Role bezpečnostních složek ve střední Evropě: Mapování proměn vnitřního bezpečnostního pole na případech České republikY, Maďarska, Polska a Slovenska Disertační práce Školitel: prof. JUDr. PhDr. Miroslav Mareš, Ph.D. Brno 2016 Prohlášení o autorství Prohlašuji, že jsem předkládanou disertační práci zpracovala zcela samostatně a pouze za použití uvedené literaturY a pramenů. V Brně 20. dubna 2016 Kateřina Tvrdá Abstrakt Disertační práce se zabývá logikou a dYnamikou pole vnitřní bezpečnosti na případech postsocialistických států – České republikY, Maďarska, Polska a Slovenska. Zejména jsou zkoumánY prioritY, funkce a strategie bezpečnostních složek ve vztahu k zajištění vnitřní bezpečnosti na ose teritorium/populace a k vYužívaným bezpečnostním praktikám (proaktivita/reaktivita). Výzkum je koncipován jako explorativní studie fragmentárně prozkoumaného terénu za vYužití kvantitativní (vícenásobné korespondenční analýzY) a kvalitativní (polostrukturované rozhovorY) metodY vYcházející z prací Didiera Biga. BYť je možné mezi českými, maďarskými, polskými a slovenskými bezpečnostními složkami pozorovat řadu funkčních odlišností a různých strategií, překvapivě jsou jejich postoje k vnitřní bezpečnosti podobné, s jasným příklonem k individualistickému a identitárnímu pojetí vnitřní bezpečnosti. Paradoxně tak prostřednictvím liberálního (demokratického) étosu dochází k posilování a rozšiřování pole vnitřní bezpečnosti. Druhu stranou mince je ochranitelský étos přispívající k rozšiřování okruhu osob a skupin, jež jsou z poskytování vnitřní bezpečnosti vyloučeni. Klíčová slova Vnitřní bezpečnost; střední Evropa; bezpečnostní složky; bezpečnostní praktiky; reprodukce pole; mapování. Abstract This dissertation deals with the logic and dYnamics of the field of internal security in postsocialist Central European states (Czech Republic, HungarY, Poland and Slovakia).
    [Show full text]