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Free Pdf Downloads ARCHAEOLOGY SOUTHWEST CONTINUE ON TO THE NEXT PAGE FOR YOUR magazineFREE PDF (formerly the Center for Desert Archaeology) is a private 501 (c) (3) nonprofit organization that explores and protects the places of our past across the American Southwest and Mexican Northwest. We have developed an integrated, conservation- based approach known as Preservation Archaeology. Although Preservation Archaeology begins with the active protection of archaeological sites, it doesn’t end there. We utilize holistic, low-impact investigation methods in order to pursue big-picture questions about what life was like long ago. As a part of our mission to help foster advocacy and appreciation for the special places of our past, we share our discoveries with the public. This free back issue of Archaeology Southwest Magazine is one of many ways we connect people with the Southwest’s rich past. Enjoy! Not yet a member? Join today! Membership to Archaeology Southwest includes: » A Subscription to our esteemed, quarterly Archaeology Southwest Magazine » Updates from This Month at Archaeology Southwest, our monthly e-newsletter » 25% off purchases of in-print, in-stock publications through our bookstore » Discounted registration fees for Hands-On Archaeology classes and workshops » Free pdf downloads of Archaeology Southwest Magazine, including our current and most recent issues » Access to our on-site research library » Invitations to our annual members’ meeting, as well as other special events and lectures Join us at archaeologysouthwest.org/how-to-help In the meantime, stay informed at our regularly updated Facebook page! 300 N Ash Alley, Tucson AZ, 85701 • (520) 882-6946 • [email protected] • www.archaeologysouthwest.org ™ Archaeology Southwest Volume 21, Number 2 Center for Desert Archaeology Spring 2007 Southwest Archaeology: The Next Generation Jeffery J. Clark, Center for Desert Archaeology HIS ISSUE OF ARCHAEOLOGY SOUTH- No single theory currently unifies archaeological WEST highlights the research of 17 doctoral stu- thinking, as demonstrated by the diversity of articles in Tdents, some of whom are currently enrolled and some of this issue. Of course, culture and settlement history will whom are recent graduates. Three of the new graduates always be integral to archaeology. In many regions of north- received the Society for American Archaeology’s disserta- ern Mexico, archaeologists are still reconstructing these tion of the year award (for more infor- Chevelon Archaeological Research Project Christopher White, mation about the authors, please visit www.cdarc.org/pages/library/). Nearly all areas of the Greater Southwest are represented in this issue, except for southern Arizona; that will be included in two upcoming issues of Ar- chaeology Southwest. Additionally, the work of recent Center Fellows Chip Colwell-Chanthaphonh and Anna Neuzil has been featured in previous is- sues of Archaeology Southwest (Nos. 18[1] and 20[2]). Clearly, the new generation of ar- chaeologists continues to be intellectu- ally stimulated by the ancient and his- toric Pueblos, even though most univer- sities no longer conduct large-scale ex- cavations in the northern Southwest. In- Architectural evidence for warfare in the Chevelon drainage; recent investigations at this stead, the use of existing museum col- fortified settlement revealed at least 23 rooms and a series of defensive walls across its gentler slopes (see Julie Solometo’s article, page 8). lections, new analytical techniques, eth- nohistoric sources, and oral histories, in conjunction with histories at a basic level. In the well-studied northern limited fieldwork, has generated ample grist for the intel- Southwest, the major topics of the late twentieth century— lectual mill. Research in northern Mexico is also increas- such as migration, warfare (see photograph on this page), ing as the result of collaboration between Mexican and identity, ritual, and sociopolitical organization and trans- American institutions. This vast intellectual frontier will formation—resonate through many articles. Interest in the be tamed by future archaeologists one valley at a time. (The more “traditional” economic topics, such as craft produc- work of two of these young pioneers is presented here.) tion, trade, subsistence, and ecology, remains strong. These Nearly 12,000 years are covered in this issue, from the contributors and their peers will set the research agenda in Paleoindian period through the nineteenth century. Much Southwestern archaeology of the research focuses on the interval from A.D. 1200 to for at least the next decade. Issue Editor: Jeffery J. Clark 1700, a tumultuous time in the Southwest. The quantity Herein, we provide a Archaeology Southwest of data and chronological resolution during this period glimpse into the future. is a Quarterly are unparalleled in archaeology. Enjoy. Publication of the Center for Desert Archaeology Archaeological sites and modern towns mentioned in this issue of Archaeology Southwest. See the Center for Desert Archaeology website for more information: <http://www.cdarc.org> HE CENTER FOR DESERT ARCHAEOLOGY, a private, nonprofit organization, promotes stewardship of archaeological and historical resources through active research, preservation, and public outreach. The Center is a 501(c)(3) organization and is supported through donations,T memberships, and grants from individuals, foundations, and corporations. Center members receive an annual subscription to Archaeol- ogy Southwest, substantial discounts on other Center publications, opportunities to participate in archaeological projects, and invitations to special lectures and events. For more information or to join, contact Linda Pierce, Programs Manager, at 520.882.6946, or [email protected]. Board of Directors: William H. Doelle, Ph.D. (President and CEO), Al Arpad (Vice President), Peter Boyle (Treasurer), Bernard Siquieros (Secretary), and Diana Hadley (member-at-large). Advisory Board: Hester A. Davis (Arkansas Archaeological Survey, retired), Don D. Fowler (University of Nevada, Reno), William D. Lipe (Washington State University, retired), Margaret Nelson (Arizona State University), William J. Robinson (University of Arizona, retired), James E. Snead (George Mason University), and María Elisa Villalpando (Centro Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico). Administrative and Program Staff: Linda J. Pierce (Programs Manager), Debra Lee (Office Manager), Linda Marie Golier (Heritage Programs Coordinator), and Tobi Taylor (Content Editor, Archaeology Southwest). Preservation Archaeologists: Jeffery J. Clark, Ph.D.; Jacquie M. Dale, M.A.; Douglas W. Gann, Ph.D.; J. Brett Hill, Ph.D.; and Paul F. Reed, M.A. Preservation Fellows: James M. Vint, M.A. and Aaron Wright, M.A. Archaeology Southwest (ISSN 1523-0546) is published quarterly by the Center for Desert Archaeology. Copyright 2007 by the Center for Desert Archaeology. All rights reserved; no part of this issue may be reproduced by any means without written permission of the publisher. Subscription inquiries: 520.882.6946. Page 2 Archaeology Southwest Volume 21, Number 2 The Paleoindian Occupation of Sonora, Mexico Guadalupe Sánchez, University of Arizona HE STATE OF SONORA, MEXICO, has yielded mately 40 end scrapers, one blade transformed into a knife, an extraordinary number of Paleoindian remains, at least 100 bifacial thinning flakes, and two mammoth Tin a variety of physical settings. In molars. Most of the lithic 2002, the Argonaut Archaeological material was concen- Research Fund (AARF) of the Uni- trated in a few areas, but versity of Arizona began supporting not near where the mo- geoarchaeological research investi- lars were found. During gating early Paleoindian contexts in an initial AARF visit, we Sonora. My work focuses on current found a Clovis point research at the SON K:1:3 and SON base fluted on one face, O:3:1 sites and explores the late and one thumbnail end Pleistocene/early Holocene occupa- scraper. This site mea- tion of Sonora. sures about 1.5 miles SON K:1:3 is about 31 miles north to south, by about northwest of the town of Carbó, in 1 mile east to west. Here, the northeastern Río Zanjón Valley. we have identified at It is the most impressive and exten- least 28 localities, indi- sive Clovis site known in Sonora, ex- cating this was a very tending over an area of about 1.5 complex site with a long square miles, with at least 22 locali- occupation. One surface ties identified. About 400 Clovis ar- feature contained 15 tifacts have been collected from the biface fragments, one surface of the site. The most impor- complete lanceolate tant portion of the site, and prob- biface, hundred of flakes ably the principal reason Paleoin- Map of Sonora and southern Arizona, showing the location of the and thinning flakes, dian groups came to this area in the Paleoindian sites in Sánchez’s study. hammers, abraders, and first place, is a hill that contains a quartz crystals. At the significant raw material source for flint knapping. In fact, south end of the site, along an arroyo, are cienegalike de- 98 percent of the artifacts at the sites are made of this local posits composed of very fine silt with carbonates. From vitrified basalt. Also at the site was a knapping station where this area, we recovered some thin bifaces manufactured thousands of biface thinning flakes were produced. The using Paleoindian technology, as well as bison bones. The knapping technology two reported mammoth employed in produc-
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