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Ritual prehistory: A pueblo case study. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Walker, William Howard. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 04/10/2021 06:42:50 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187395 INFORMATION TO USERS I This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print, bleed through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversel~ affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313n61-4700 8001521-0600 RITUAL PREHISTORY: A PUEBLO CASE STUDY By William Howard Walker Copyright © William Howard Walker 1995 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1995 OMI Number: 9622971 Copyright 1995 by Walker, William Howard All rights reserved. UMI Microfonn 9622971 Copyright 1996, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microfonn edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA ® GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by------------------------------------- William Howard Walker entitled ____R_l_·t __ u_a_l __ P_r_e_h_l_·~s~t~o~r~y~:~A~P~u~e~b~l~o~C~a~s~e~=S~t~u~d~y~ ___________ and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of __D__ o_c_t_o_r __ o __ f __P_h~i~l~o~s~o.p~h~y~ ____________ __ j Michael B. Schiffer Date )1A./~ rI7A-;e:// L. Da'te William A. Longacre Date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. ~ j f. a:,L __ Dissertation Director&1a-,~d#f'-?4I-.:.--Jo''l-+t.I-=J~~;'-=crJ . - ,,/'7Date I E. Charles Adams Michael B. Schiffer 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or part may be granted by the copyright holder. Signed,--L.,;,~~~_'_._/J_- (../_/~_~_L_. __ 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many people contributed time and energy to this dissertation. The figures were skillfully drawn by my wife Ziba. She was also my rock when times were difficult. Cathy Maickel, Stan Cook, Jim Murphy, Melissa Adkins and others volunteered their sweat and money to help excavate Structure 708 at Homol'ovi II. I thank them for their support. The Rhizome Breakout Committee of the Laboratory of Traditional Technology, including Jenny Adams, Vince LaMotta, Patrick Lyons, Mark Neupert, Mike Schiffer, Patrice Teltser, and Nieves Zedeno, patiently listened to many of the ideas presented here. Jim Skibo, a virtual member of the lab in recent years, listened over the internet. Their comments and criticisms helped to shape this dissertation. Patrick Lyons, Vince LaMotta and Amy Tucker have been particularly helpful and always ready with a new article or book to expand my ritual horizons. Axel Nielsen suggested the term ceremonial trash to me several years ago, not long after introducing me to behavioral archaeology. His socratiG questions over the years have helped me to find my way in this dissertation. This is a work of behavioral archaeology founded on the ideas of Michael B. Schiffer. I have drawn heavily on his 25 years of behavioral research. In addition to his insightful comments on my work he has taught me that science is a creative process where limits are discovered but never assumed. Despite its heavy handed theory, this dissertation is also about dirt archaeology. One of its fundamental premises is that trash counts. Chuck Adams has been teaching me this lesson since I first began working with the Homol'ovi Research Project 6 years ago. He has also guided me through the archaeological and ethnographic literature of the U. S. Southwest. Many of the ideas and issues raised in this dissertation were originally broached in the trenches at Homol'ovi II. Terry Majewski and William Longacre have always supported my work and at times my physical welfare. I took their love of history to heart in Chapter 2. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS .................................................................................................7 LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................8 ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................11 THEORETICAL CONTEXT ...................................................................................................13 A BEHAVIORAL ARCHAEOLOGy....................................................................................... 18 ORGANIZATION ..................................................................................................................25 CHAPTER 2. THE FUTURE OF A BEHAViOR ........................................................... 26 RITUAL BEHAVIOR AND AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY: ANOTHER HISTORY................... 27 The Ethnological Period (1840-1930) .................................................................................29 The Ethnological Period in the U.S. Southwest ............................................................. 31 Culture History Period (1930-1950) ....................................................................................34 Functional Archaeology (1940-1970) .................................................................................38 The New Archaeology (1962-1995) ....................................................................................43 Postprocessual Archaeology (1985-1995) ..........................................................................46 The Legacy of New Archaeology and Postprocessual (1985-1995) ....................................47 RITUAL BEHAViOR ..............................................................................................................50 CHAPTER 3. RITUAL BEHAVIOR AN OUTWARD APPROACH ........................... 54 BEHAVIORAL ARCHAEOLOGY AND LIFE-HISTORY RESEARCH ...................................... 54 Behavioral Archaeology .....................................................................................................57 Expanding Life-History Analysis .........................................................................................60 IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ARCHAELOGICAL STUDY OF BEHAVIOR ................................67 Cross-Culturalism vs. Behavioral Identities ........................................................................67 The Organismal Unit of Behavior....................................................................................... 73 People and Obejcts ...........................................................................................................75 Summary........................................................................................................................... 83 CHAPTER 4. RITUAL DEPOSITS: A LIFE-HISTORY INTERPRETATION .............................................................................................................86 THE HOMOL'OVI II KIVA DEPOSiTS ...................................................................................88 Central
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