The Role of Indigenous Knowledge
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Sociolinguistic Survey of Lohorung
DigitalResources Electronic Survey Report 2014-003 ® Sociolinguistic Survey of Lohorung Jessica R. Mitchell and Holly J. Hilty Sociolinguistic Survey of Lohorung Jessica R. Mitchell and Holly J. Hilty SIL International® 2014 SIL Electronic Survey Report 2014-003, March 2014 © 2014 SIL International® All rights reserved 1 Abstract This report presents the results of sociolinguistic research conducted among representatives of the Lohorung [ISO 639-3: lbr], Yamphu [ybi], and Southern Yamphu [lrr] language communities of Sankhuwasabha and Dhankuta districts in Nepal. Linguistic and anthropological research, by van Driem (2001), Rutgers (1998), Hansson (1991), and Hardman (2000), provide helpful context for this investigation of sociolinguistic realities between these groups. The goals of this survey include clarifying the relationships between Lohorung and two related languages; investigating dialect variation and attitudes between three Lohorung communities (Pangma, Angala, and Dhupu); assessing Lohorung language vitality in these three communities; and understanding the Lohorung community’s desires for development. This research adds to previous linguistic description of Lohorung and Yamphu to confirm that, despite their close relationship, they speak separate languages. There is little dialect variation between the Lohorung villages we visited. There are positive attitudes towards the speech variety of Pangma. While language vitality varies among these three Lohorung villages, the degree of vitality (EGIDS 6b, Threatened) warrants language-based -
George Van Driem Lectures Historical Relations Between Sikkim And
George van Driem lectures Historical relations between Sikkim and Nepal since the 17th century and their ethnolinguistic consequences and ramifications, lecture for students and team members of the project « Phonetics, Phonology and New Orthographies: Helping Native Language Communities in the Himalayas », Linguistics Institute, University of Bern, 31 March 2017. Who are the Japanese, and where do the Japanese come from?, invited lecture presented at the workshop ‘Human Evolution in Eurasia elucidated through Genetics, Archaeology and Linguistics’ hosted by the National Institute of Genetics at Mishima, 17 March 2017. Previously unknown episodes in the peopling of the greater Himalayan region, invited lecture at the International Consortium for East Himalayan Ethnolinguistic Prehistory, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 8 February 2017. Transitivity in Lohorung, invited keynote lecture at the Kiranti language workshop, Université Paris Diderot, 2 December 2016. The Denisovan Legacy in Tibet and Beyond, invited guest lecture at the 1st Tibetan Language Linguistic Forum, Nánkāi University, Tiānjīn, 27 August 2016. Some epistemic categories in the Dzongkha verb: The dangers of Platonic essentialism in linguistics and in life, invited guest lecture at the 1st Sino-Tibetan Language Research Methodology Workshop, Nánkāi University, Tiānjīn, 25 August 2016. Proto-Trans-Himalayan verbal morphology: Kiranti languages, the Gongduk and the Black Mountain Mönpa, invited guest lecture at the 1st Sino-Tibetan Language Research Methodology Workshop, Nánkāi University, Tiānjīn, 25 August 2016. Ethnolinguistic phylogeography and prehistory: The Eastern Himalayan region as a cradle of ethnogenesis and linguistic diversification in the prehistoric past, invited guest lecture at the 1st Sino-Tibetan Language Research Methodology Workshop, Nánkāi University, Tiānjīn, 24 August 2016. -
European Bulletin of Himalayan Research (EBHR)
8 • TOPICAL REPORTS At present, Nepal as a linguistic area can be sketched out in its entirety. al· though some local languages lack any description_ With regard to the number Lesser-Known Languages in Nepal of distinct languages, the Tibeto-Burman vernaculars are the languages of the A brier state-or-the-art report largest number of linguistic minorities, while most of the more important language groups with regard 10 the number of speakers are lndic_ Varieties of Gerd Hansson rather well known Indic languages (Maithili, Bhojpuri. Awadhi) are spoken by the majority of the population in the Terai; the label of 'lharu", however, denotes several tribal idioms, counted as one group on the grounds of ethnic I . As a major part of the Himalayan region. Nepal houses a large variety of classification; some of these appear to be only slightly different varieties of cllmic groups with culturaltradilions of their own. Besides the philology of Indic regional languages (cf. self.-denotations like "Maithili Tharu", "Bhojpuri the "great traditions" in Nepali. Sanskrit/Prakrit. Newari. Tibetan, or Maithili. Tharu"), others appear to represent distinct 1ndic idioms (e.g., Chitwan research in the oral traditions of the very heterogeneous ethnic minorities is Tharu, Dang Tharu). No systematic linguistic research seems to have been necessary (or deeper studics in the anthropology and history of the country carried out so far on the Tharu groups of the western Terai (including Oang and of the Himalayan region in general (cf. also GaenSl.le 1992. HOfer 1992; Tharu), where they are the majority of the local population. -
By the Association for the Study of Language in Prehistory MOTHER TONGUE Publication of the Association for the Study of Language in Prebistory
T / ~' '".;, ~ .,... 0 0 T N H G E u R E ,... SPEC:X:AL :X:SSUE (M'r-SPECL·) OCTOBER .1999 By the Association for the Study of Language In Prehistory MOTHER TONGUE Publication of the Association for the StudY of Language In Prebistory. Special Issue. October 1999 The Association for the study of Language In Prehistory (ASLIP) is a nonprofit organization, incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Its purpose is to encourage and support the study of language in prehistory in all fields and by all means, including research on the early evolution of human language, supporting conferences, setting up a data bank, and publishing a newsletter and a journal to report these activities. Membership: Annual dues for ASLIP membership and subscription to Mother Tongue are us $25 in all countries, except those with currency problems. For membership information, contact the Treasurer of ASLIP : Peter Horquest 1632 N. Santa Rita Tucson, Arizona (AZ) 85719 USA OFFICERS QF ASLIP (Address appropriate correspondence to each) President John D. Bengtson 1 156 15th Avenue NE I Minneapolis, MN 55413-1164, USA 1 Tel. 612-34·8-5910 Vice President Roger Williams Wescott 1 16-A Heritage Crest I Southbury, CT 06488 USA I Tel. 203-264-1716 Secretary Murray Denofsky 1 252 Medford Street, #809 1 Somerville, MA 02143 USA 1 Tel 617-625-8960 Treasurer Peter Norquest 1 1632 N. santa Rita 1 Tucson, Arizona (AZ) 85719 USA 1 Tel. 520-903-0648 BOABD OF DIRECTQRS Ofer Bar-Yosef (Peabody M, Harvard) Kenneth Hale (M,I.T.) Anne w. -
A Phonological Study of Tilung: an Endangered
Nepalese Linguistics Volume 27 November 2012 Chief Editor Dr. Dan Raj Regmi Editors Dr. Balaram Prasain Mr. Ramesh Khatri Office Bearers for 2012-2014 President Krishna Prasad Parajuli Vice-President Bhim Lal Gautam General Secretary Kamal Poudel Secretary (Office) Bhim Narayan Regmi Secretary (General) Kedar Bilash Nagila Treasurer Krishna Prasad Chalise Member Dev Narayan Yadav Member Netra Mani Dumi Rai Member Karnakhar Khatiwada Member Ambika Regmi Member Suren Sapkota Editorial Board Chief Editor Dr. Dan Raj Regmi Editors Dr. Balaram Prasain Ramesh Khatri Nepalese Linguistics is a journal published by Linguistic Society of Nepal. It publishes articles related to the scientific study of languages, especially from Nepal. The views expressed therein are not necessary shared by the committee on publications. Published by: Linguistic Society of Nepal Kirtipur, Kathmandu Nepal Copies: 500 © Linguistic Society of Nepal ISSN -0259-1006 Price: NC 400/- (Nepali) IC 350/-(India) USD 10 Life membership fees include subscription for the journal. SPECIAL THANKS to Nepal Academy Kamaladi, Kathmandu, Nepal Nepal Academy (Nepal Pragya Pratisthan) was founded in June 22, 1957 by the then His Late Majesty King Mahendra as Nepal Sahitya Kala Academy. It was later renamed Nepal Rajkiya Pragya Pratisthan and now it is named as Nepal Pragya Prastisthan. This prestigious national academic institution is committed to enhancing the language, cult ure, philosophy and social sciences in Nepal. The major objectives of Nepal Academy include (a) to focus on the -
Tibeto-Burman
Chapter 10 Tibeto-Burman George van Driem 10.1 From Tibeto-Burman to Trans-Himalayan Julius von Klaproth was the first scholar to assign Chinese correctly to its proper lan- guage family. In 1823, he identified the Tibeto-Burman phylum in Paris in his polyphy- letic view of Asian linguistic stocks. Klaproth’s model of many distinct Asian linguistic phyla was initially controversial because many scholars in the West at the time enter- tained an undifferentiated view of Asian languages as all belonging to some nebulous all-encompassing language family. His Tibeto-Burman comprised Burmese, Tibetan, Chinese and all of the languages that could be demonstrated to be related to these three. He explicitly excluded languages today known to be Kradai or Daic (e.g., Thai, Lao, Shan), Austroasiatic (e.g., Mon, Vietnamese, Nicobarese, Khmer) and Altaic (e.g., Japanese, Korean, Mongolic, Turkic). The name Tibeto-Burman gained currency in English for the language family recog- nized by Klaproth and was widely used by scholars in the British Isles (e.g., Hodgson 1857; Cust 1878; Forbes 1878; Houghton 1896). Some other scholars of the day followed the Indo-Chinese theory proposed by the Scots amateur John Casper Leyden, who died at the age of thirty-five after experienc- ing a short but dazzling career in the British colonial administration in Asia during the Napoleonic wars. In 1807, Leyden proposed his exuberant but poorly informed Indo-Chinese theory to George Barlow, Governor General of India at Fort William, in which he claimed that all the languages in Asia and Oceania shared some “common mixed origin” (Leyden 1808). -
Linguistic Survey of Nepal
1 LINGUISTIC SURVEY OF NEPAL (LinSuN) ___________________ A Proposal Prepared on behalf of National Planning Commission Government of Nepal ___________________ Drafting Team LinSuN Central Department of Linguistics Tribhuvan University June 27, 2008 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (1 PAGER) ..................................................................................................... 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (4 PAGER) ..................................................................................................... 3 1 BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE ................................................................................................. 8 2 CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY IN NEPAL ............................................................. 9 2.1 VARIOUS ESTIMATES ...................................................................................................................... 10 2.2 GENETIC AFFILIATION .................................................................................................................... 11 2.3 WRITING SYSTEMS ......................................................................................................................... 11 2.4 LANGUAGE AND ETHNICITY ........................................................................................................... 13 2.5 SECOND LANGUAGES AND LINGUA FRANCAS ................................................................................. 14 2.6 EXISTING LEGAL PROVISIONS ........................................................................................................ -
Language Endangerment in South Asia
Patan Pragya (Volume: 5 Number: 1 Sept. 2019) Received Date: July 2019 Revised: Augest 2019 Accepted: Sept. 2019 Language Endangerment in South Asia Gyanwali, Gokarna Prasad (PhD)7* Abstract Language endangerment is the very critical issues of 21st century because the extinction of each language results in the irrecoverable loss of unique expression of the human experience and the culture of the world. Every time a language dies, we have less evidence for understanding patterns in the structure and function of human languages, human prehistory and the maintenance of the world’s diverse ecosystems. Language is thus essential for the ability to express cultural knowledge, the preservation and further development of the culture. In the world, 500 languages are spoken by less than 100 peoples and 96% of the worlds languages are spoken only 4% of the world’s population. Data shows that all most all the minority languages of world are in endangered and critical situation and not becoming to the culture transmitter. This paper will explain the process, stages, paradigms, as well as the language endangerment in global and in South Asian context. Key words: Endangerment, Extinction, Genocide, Linguicide and Moribund. Introduction An endangered language is a language that is at risk of falling out of use and its speakers no longer pass it onto the next generation. A language is considered to be endangered when the population of its speakers is diminishing, and the last generation does not exercise the use of the language actively or even at all. Asserting that “Language diversity is essential to the human heritage”, UNESCO’s Ad-hoc expert group on endangered languages (2003) offers this definition of an endangered language, “When its speakers cease to use it, use it in an increasingly reduced number of communicative domains, and cease to pass it on from one generation to the next. -
Papers in Southeast Asian Linguistics No. 14: Tibeto-Bvrman Languages of the Himalayas
PACIFIC LINGUISTICS Series A-86 PAPERS IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN LINGUISTICS NO. 14: TIBETO-BVRMAN LANGUAGES OF THE HIMALAYAS edited by David Bradley Department of Linguistics Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Bradley, D. editor. Papers in Southeast Asian Linguistics No. 14:. A-86, vi + 232 (incl. 4 maps) pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1997. DOI:10.15144/PL-A86.cover ©1997 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. Pacific Linguistics specialises in publishing linguistic material relating to languages of East Asia, Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Linguistic and anthropological manuscripts related to other areas, and to general theoretical issues, are also considered on a case by case basis. Manuscripts are published in one of four series: SERIES A: Occasional Papers SERIES C: Books SERIES B: Monographs SERIES D: Special Publications FOUNDING EDITOR: S.A. Wurm EDITORIAL BOARD: M.D. Ross and D.T. Tryon (Managing Editors), T.E. Dutton, N.P. Himmelmann, A.K. Pawley EDITORIAL ADVISERS: B.W. Bender KA. McElhanon University of Hawaii Summer Institute of Linguistics David Bradley H.P. McKaughan La Trobe University University of Hawaii Michael G. Clyne P. Miihlhausler Monash University Universityof Adelaide S.H. Elbert G.N. O'Grady University of Hawaii University of Victoria, B.C. K.J. Franklin KL. Pike Summer Institute of Linguistics Summer Institute of Linguistics W.W.Glover E.C. Polome Summer Institute of Linguistics University of Texas G.W.Grace Gillian Sankoff University of Hawaii University of Pennsylvania M.A.K. -
Language and Genes of the Greater Himalayan Region
Language and Genes of the Greater Himalayan Region Language and Genes of the Greater Himalayan Region T. Kraayenbrink1, Dr. P. de Knijff1, Prof. Dr. G.L. van Driem2, Dr. J.R.M.L. Opgenort2, Dr. M.A. Jobling3, Dr. E.J. Parkin3, Dr. C. Tyler-Smith4, Dr. D.R. Carvalho-Silva4, Karma Tshering of Gaselô2, Prof. Dr. G. Barbujani5, I. Dupanloup5, G. Bertorelle5, Prof. Dr. Nirmal Man Tuladhar6 (authors listed in random order) 1 MGC-Department of Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands 2 Himalayan Languages Project, Leiden University, the Netherlands 3 Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, United Kingdom 4 The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom 5 Department of Biology, University of Ferrara, Italy 6 Professor of Linguistics, Centre for Nepal and Asian Studies (CNAS) of Tribhuvan University (TU), Kirtipur, Nepal Summary Isolation is crucial to both biological and linguistic change. Populations that are separated by barriers tend to diverge genetically because of genetic drift, and to independently undergo linguistic change, resulting in often-parallel patterns of genetic and cultural differentiation. Geographical as well as cultural barriers reduce population contacts, thus increasing isolation between populations. However, both biological and linguistic change are influenced by the size of the population. It is thus also important to infer reliable information on past human demography. The greater Himalayan region is ethnolinguistically the most complex area of the Eurasian continent. This region includes the highest land barrier on the face of this planet, and linguistic evidence unambiguously indicates that topography has shaped and channelled prehistoric population movements. -
Tibeto-Burman Replaces Indo-Chinese in the 1990S: Review of a Decade of Scholarship*
Ji!! ~ ~ ELSEVIER Lingua Ill (2002) 79-102 www.elsevier.com/locate/lingua Survey article Tibeto-Burman replaces Indo-Chinese in the 1990s: Review of a decade of scholarship* George van Driem Himalayan Languages Project, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9515, 2350 RA Leiden, The Netherlands Received 15 January 2001; revised version 21 February 2001 Abstract Tibeto-Burman is one of the world's greatest language families, second only to lndo-Euro pean in terms of populations of speakers. Advances made in the course of the decade have led to a major paradigm shift in Tibeto-Burman historical linguistics and phylogeny. The numer ous contributions to the field in the 1990s are reviewed in a statement on the current state of the art. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Tibeto-Burman; Language stock phylogeny; Grammatical description; Lexical documentation; Endangered languages; Historical linguistic comparison; The Indian subcon tinent; The Himalayas; Southeast Asia; Tibet; China 1. A fin de siecle paradigm shift The last decade of the 20th century saw a revival of the old Tibeto-Burrnan the ory and its slow but steady ascendance above the Indo-Chinese or Sino-Tibetan the ory. Tibeto-Burrnan dates from the 18th century when scholars observed that Burmese and Tibetan were genetically related. The contours of the language family were delineated by Julius Klaproth in 1823. In its original formulation, the language family encompassed Tibetan, Burmese and Chinese and those languages which Lingua is launching a series of survey articles called 'The decade in ... '. We aim to publish overview articles that will give nonspecialist linguists an insight into the way in which specific areas of expertise have developed in the last 10 years. -
Ghale Language: a Brief Introduction
Nepalese Linguistics Volume 23 November, 2008 Chief Editor: Jai Raj Awasthi Editors: Ganga Ram Gautam Bhim Narayan Regmi Office Bearers for 2008-2010 President Govinda Raj Bhattarai Vice President Dan Raj Regmi General Secretary Balaram Prasain Secretary (Office) Krishna Prasad Parajuli Secretary (General) Bhim Narayan Regmi Treasurer Bhim Lal Gautam Member Bal Mukunda Bhandari Member Govinda Bahadur Tumbahang Member Gopal Thakur Lohar Member Sulochana Sapkota (Bhusal) Member Ichchha Purna Rai Nepalese Linguistics is a Journal published by Linguistic Society of Nepal. This Journal publishes articles related to the scientific study of languages, especially from Nepal. The views expressed therein are not necessarily shared by the committee on publications. Published by: Linguistic Society of Nepal Kirtipur, Kathmandu Nepal Copies: 500 © Linguistic Society of Nepal ISSN – 0259-1006 Price: NC 300/- (Nepal) IC 300/- (India) US$ 6/- (Others) Life membership fees include subscription for the journal. TABLE OF CONTENTS Tense and aspect in Meche Bhabendra Bhandari 1 Complex aspects in Meche Toya Nath Bhatta 15 An experience of translating Nepali grammar into English Govinda Raj Bhattarai 25 Bal Ram Adhikari Compound case marking in Dangaura Tharu Edward D. Boehm 40 Passive like construction in Darai Dubi Nanda Dhakal 58 Comparative study of Hindi and Punjabi language scripts Vishal Goyal 67 Gurpreet Singh Lehal Some observations on the relationship between Kaike and Tamangic Isao Honda 83 Phonological variation in Srinagar variety of Kashmiri