Universidade De São Paulo Faculdade De Filosofia

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Universidade De São Paulo Faculdade De Filosofia UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS MODERNAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS E LITERÁRIOS EM INGLÊS ROZANE RODRIGUES REBECHI A imagem do brasileiro no discurso do norte-americano em livros de culinária típica: um estudo direcionado pelo corpus São Paulo 2010 i UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS MODERNAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS E LITERÁRIOS EM INGLÊS A imagem do brasileiro no discurso do norte-americano em livros de culinária típica: um estudo direcionado pelo corpus Rozane Rodrigues Rebechi Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos Linguísticos e Literários em Inglês do Departamento de Letras Modernas da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Letras. Orientador: Profa. Dra. Stella Esther Ortweiler Tagnin São Paulo 2010 ii AUTORIZO A REPRODUÇÃO TOTAL OU PARCIAL DESTE TRABALHO, POR QUALQUER MEIO CONVENCIONAL OU ELETRÔNICO, PARA FINS DE ESTUDO OU PESQUISA, DESDE QUE CITADA A FONTE. Catalogação na Publicação Serviço de Biblioteca e Documentação Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo Rebechi, Rozane Rodrigues. A imagem do brasileiro no discurso do norte-americano em livros de culinária típica: um estudo direcionado pelo corpus / Rozane Rodrigues Rebechi ; orientador : Stella Esther Ortweiler Tagnin. -- São Paulo, 2010. 220 f. Dissertação (Mestrado)--Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Letras Modernas. Área de concentração: Estudos Linguísticos e Literários em Inglês. 1. Culinária (Brasil). 2. Análise do Discurso. 3. Tradução. 4. Linguística de Corpus. I. Título. II. Tagnin, Stella Esther Ortweiler. CDD 420 iii FOLHA DE APROVAÇÃO Rozane Rodrigues Rebechi A imagem do brasileiro no discurso do norte-americano em livros de culinária típica: um estudo direcionado pelo corpus Dissertação submetida ao Programa de Pós-Graduação da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Letras Modernas, Área de Estudos Linguísticos e Literários em Inglês, da Universidade de São Paulo, como requisito parcial à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Estudos Linguísticos e Literários em Inglês. Aprovada em: _____/_____/______ Banca Examinadora Prof. Dr.: ________________________________________________________ Instituição: ________________________ Assinatura: ___________________ Prof. Dr.: ________________________________________________________ Instituição: ________________________ Assinatura: ___________________ Prof. Dr.: ________________________________________________________ Instituição: ________________________ Assinatura: ___________________ iv Dedico esta pesquisa à memória de meu pai. v AGRADECIMENTOS Aos meus pais, Sílvia e Izaltino ( in memoriam ), que sempre me apoiaram. Ao meu marido, Osvaldir, pela compreensão, força, paciência, sem falar em tudo que aprendeu só para me ajudar com as ferramentas computacionais. Ao meu filho, Bruno, que me ajudou com o trabalho ‘braçal’, e à minha filha, Maria Eduarda, pela compreensão durante (quase) todo o tempo em que precisei me ausentar para concluir a pesquisa. Agradeço muitíssimo à minha orientadora, Stella, pelas sugestões, críticas sempre construtivas e puxões de orelha, sempre que necessário. Agradeço, também, aos colegas do grupo COMET Marlene A., Marlene D., Sabrina, Andrea, Luciana C., Luciana G., Cris, Carla, Sandra e Sérgio pelas conversas sempre agradáveis e elucidativas. Não poderia deixar de agradecer especialmente às queridas Elisa e Carmen pela ajuda com WordSmith , Mutual Information e tantas outras coisas que, graças a elas, já não são mais ‘bichos de sete cabeças’. Também não poderia deixar de agradecer ao Mike Scott, sempre solícito em relação ao WordSmith e à CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) por acreditar na pesquisa e me contemplar com bolsa de estudos. Gostaria de agradecer aos amigos que souberam ser compreensivos quando tive que recusar os convites. E meu agradecimento especial ao querido amigo Emerson. Agradeço a Mary Edward e Duquesa pelas longas horas de companhia silenciosa. Por último, mas não menos importante, gostaria de agradecer ao meu cunhado Arlindo pela ajuda impagável durante várias etapas da pesquisa. vi SUMÁRIO ÍNDICE DAS FIGURAS ............................................................................................. ix ÍNDICE DAS TABELAS .............................................................................................. x LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS ...................................................................................... xi RESUMO................................................................................................................... xii ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. xiii INTRODUÇÃO ............................................................................................................ 1 CAPÍTULO 1 – UM BREVE HISTÓRICO DA CULINÁRIA BRASILEIRA .................. 7 1.1 A contribuição indígena ................................................................................. 9 1.2 A contribuição africana ................................................................................ 11 1.3 A contribuição portuguesa .......................................................................... 12 CAPÍTULO 2 – FUNDAMENTAÇÃO TEÓRICA ....................................................... 15 2.1 Linguística de Corpus .................................................................................. 15 2.1.1 Critérios para a coleta do corpus ............................................................. 17 2.1.1.1 Formato eletrônico .......................................................................... 17 2.1.1.2 Tamanho e representatividade ........................................................ 18 2.1.1.3 Autenticidade .................................................................................. 19 2.1.2 Análise quantitativa e análise qualitativa ................................................. 19 2.1.3 A Linguística de Corpus e a Linguística Computacional .......................... 20 2.1.4 Os colocados ........................................................................................... 20 2.2 Tradução ....................................................................................................... 21 2.2.1 Textos que compõem o corpus de estudo em inglês: originais ou traduções? ............................................................................................................. 21 2.2.2 Tradução como reescrita ......................................................................... 22 2.2.3 Tradução de culinária e tradução técnica ................................................ 24 2.2.4 Tradução e marcas culturais ................................................................... 25 2.2.5 Tradução e estudos culturais .................................................................. 27 2.3 Análise do Discurso ..................................................................................... 27 2.3.1 Sujeito, identidade e diferença ................................................................ 28 2.3.2 Discurso .................................................................................................. 29 2.3.3 Análise Crítica do Discurso ..................................................................... 29 2.3.4 Análise Crítica do Discurso e Linguística de Corpus ............................... 30 vii CAPÍTULO 3 – METODOLOGIA .............................................................................. 34 3.1 Corpus de estudo ......................................................................................... 34 3.1.1 Corpus em inglês ..................................................................................... 35 3.1.2 Corpus em português .............................................................................. 44 3.2 Corpora de referência .................................................................................. 45 3.2.1 Corpus de referência para as receitas ..................................................... 46 3.2.2 Corpora de referência para os textos informativos .................................. 47 3.3 Compilação, armazenamento e exploração do corpus de estudo ........... 48 3.3.1 O processo de digitalização .................................................................... 50 3.3.2 Revisão e correção .................................................................................. 51 3.3.3 Armazenamento dos textos ..................................................................... 56 3.3.4 Etiquetagem e inserção de cabeçalho ..................................................... 57 3.3.4.1 Etiquetagem do SR ......................................................................... 58 3.3.4.2 Etiquetagem do STI ........................................................................ 60 3.3.5 Programa automático de exploração linguística: O WordSmith Tools ..... 61 CAPÍTULO 4 – ANÁLISES QUANTITATIVA E QUALITATIVA DO CORPUS DE ESTUDO ................................................................................................................... 67 4.1 Análise do sub corpus ‘receitas’ .................................................................
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