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Fire Safety Technologies ISSN:0971–4413 A Bimonthly S&T Magazine of DRDO Vol. 23 No. 6, November – December 2015 FIRE SAFETY TECHNOLOGIES DRDO has made outstanding contributions in of the lab provided continuous technology inputs the vital areas of safety management; development for evolving more efficient and practical safety of systems, devices, processes and materials in the practices in the area of fire, explosives and fields of fire, explosives and environment safety for environment safety. Besides providing consultancy defence services and Ministry of Defence (MoD) to government departments, public and civil sector establishments through its concerted R&D efforts. units on explosives/fire/environment safety related Centre for Fire, Explosive and Environment Safety matters, the lab conducts special courses and (CFEES), an establishment of DRDO plays a provides training to personnel of defence services, unique regulatory and advisory role in MoD such inter service organisations, ordnance factories and as safety advice, audit, regulations and compliance other defence undertakings. It also plays a pivotal of Storage and Transport of Explosive Committee role in safety management in DRDO. Risk and (STEC), siting of explosive storages facilities Hazard Analysis (RHA) is mandatory under the and fire advisory. CFEES is also a member of manufacture, storage and import of Hazardous Environment Safety Committee (ESC) for MoD and Chemicals Rules, 1989 for those establishments Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF). Apart handling or processing the specified chemicals in from advisory and regulatory duties, the R&D work excess of the stipulated threshold limits. accomplished by the laboratory encompasses wide spectrum of activities like design and development CFEES has carried out RHA and EIA studies for of systems, design of new facilities and processes in more than 30 MoD special projects and installations. three areas, viz.,-(i) fire science and fire protection It is the nodal agency for implementation of the engineering; (ii) explosive safety in the areas of National Environmental Policy (NEP) and Safety storage and handling of ammunition and explosives; Health and Environment (SHE) for DRDO labs and (iii)November1 environmentalNovember - December, - December, management 2015 2015 and hazardous disaster management forFire northern Safety Technologies group of DRDO 1 waste treatment for MoD. The R&D achievements labs. VSDuksykWth Qksdl From the Desk of Director, CFEES CFEES has been entrusted the futuristic demands of Halon for MoD establishments. with the responsibility of providing Recovery, recycling and reclamation programme is under a vision in the field of fire science development and re-charging services for LCA, MBT and and engineering; explosive and other armoured vehicles have been provided. Aerosol environment safety; integrated safety based Fire Fighting System (AFFS) has been designed advice and safety regulations; safety developed and demonstrated at CFEES in 1 m3 chamber audit; advice and siting of explosives for fire suppression applications in next generation aircraft storage facilities for various MoD engine and LCA. A state-of-the-art microcontroller based establishments. IFDSS system for protection against fire engine and crew compartment in AFVs, with a capacity to extinguish fire The Centre has excelled in a gamut of technologies within 150 ms, has been developed and inducted into the related to explosive storage structures which includes Services. Development of water mist based IR signature design and development of propellant (HD1.3) storage/ suppression system for hot exhaust plume of naval ship process structure upto 50T NEC per compartment based on (as per users requirements) has been completed. Polymer Unit Risk Principle and safe storage of sensitive (HD1.1) based Fire Suppression Gel (FSG) has also been developed explosives upto 2T and design of High Performance for minimising water loss during fire extinguish for defence Magazine (HPM) for 5T NEC (HD1.1) per compartment and civil sector. capacity with non-propagation type sandwich partition wall comprising composite materials. All the designs have The Centre plays a vital role in the field of environment been validated through fully instrumented blast trials and management and hazardous waste treatment. Catalysts recommended by STEC panel for incorporation in STEC for onboard reforming applications to generate hydrogen regulations for use by MoD users. Design configuration for ethanol as clean energy source have been developed. of underground explosive/ ammunition storage to reduce A decontamination apparatus based on metal oxide the Outside Quantity Distances (OQDs) for storage of nanomaterials for removal of hazardous toxic contaminants ammunitions has been validated through fully instrumented is under development. Eco-friendly technique for disposal blast trials. Hardened Aircraft Structure (HAS) capable of PET wastes has been established. Decontamination paint of withstanding the direct hit of 2000 lb bomb with a as surface protective coating for radiation shielding and penetration capacity of 1.8 m has been designed, vetted and protection of sub critical components for naval applications given to Air Force for implementation at critical stages. A has been developed. RHA studies are being carried out large number of siting of explosive facilities been carried to evolve preventive and protective safety measures to out for MoD establishments, 73 Nos. of Army; 35 Nos. of minimise risk and provide inputs for emergency planning Air Force; 3 Nos. of Navy, 68 Nos. of OFB; 42 Nos. of in MoD establishments handling hazardous materials. DRDO; 01 No. of DGQA. Trials have been conducted for CFEES is spearheading explosive safety programme for hazard classification and TNT equivalence of (i) Pinaka designing various types of protective structures, Magazine Rocket Propellants; (ii) NEPE Rocket Propellants; (iii) Fire Fighting System (MFFS) and also National Mission Akash Booster Motor Rocket Propellants; (iv) LRSAM Programmes on designing, architecturing of nano safety Rocket Motor. System has been established for disposal manual/ guidelines for DRDO. of unserviceable shell of 105 mm HESH by low order detonation. This issue gives an overview of some of the technologies developed by CFEES. CFEES has taken up a project to replace Halon 1301, an internationally banned gas under Montreal Protocol, as Dr. Chitra Rajagopal extinguishing medium in the crew and engine compartment Outstanding Scientist & Director of battle tanks. An alternate, Heptafluoropropane CFEES (HFP) HFC227ea, has been developed and validation trials have been conducted in the presence of users. A National Halon Bank has been established for meeting 2 Fire Safety Technologies November - December, 2015 VSDuksykWth Qksdl In its pursuit to strengthen and enrich the CFEES has delivered materials, processes and technological basis in the field of fire science, systems which have benefited DRDO, MoD and explosive safety and environmental engineering, have spin-offs to the civil sector. FIRE SAFETY PRODUCTS Fire Suppression Gel Technical Specifications Water is universal choice for extinguishing Particle size of composition 0.01 - 2 mm fire due to its natural profuse abundance but Application quantity 0.5 to 1.5 % (w/v) of most of the watergoes waste as run-off during total water fire extinguishment. Fire Suppression Gel (FSG) composition when mixed with water, swells and Water holding capacity Min. 250 g water/g holds water. On application, FSG sticks on burning of FSG objects and prevents the water from running off or Reduction in fire 30 - 50 % evaporating too quickly. It is useful in preventing, extinguishing time retarding, suppressing and extinguishing the fire effectively. Reduction in water 30 - 50 % quantity used The FSG minimises time to extinguish the fire as well as the quantity of water used. Shelf life More than 5 years A patent has been filed on Fire Controlling Composition and Method thereof, No. 2765/DEL/2013 Fire Suppression Gel November - December, 2015 Fire Safety Technologies 3 VSDuksykWth Qksdl Potential Application Areas the present scenario HFC227ea available as the new environmentally acceptable solution to replace Defence Services : Defence stores, ordnance Halon1301. Heptafluoropropane has internationally factories, ammunition process industries, been approved as Halon1301 substitute for new commercial cargo ships, aircraft hangers, cargo generation fire protection systems. All international bays, etc. standards are now specifying HFC227ea in their Civil Sector : Process industries, commercial fire safety regulation both in civil and military complexes, residential and high rise buildings, applications. Under the strict implementation of hotels, houses, stockyards, forests, ware houses, Montreal Protocol, which prohibits production and etc. use of Halon as fire suppressing agents, HFC227ea Process Technology for Heptafluoro has a promising commercial value. -propane (HFC 227ea): Halon Alternative CFEES has developed an economic and Fire Extinguishing Agent commercially viable technology for the production of heptafluoropropane (HFC227ea). The process Heptafluoropropane is the leading chemical involves hydro fluorination of hexafluoropropene agent for replacement of Halon1301 for total with anhydrous hydrofluoric acid using in-house flooding applications. This fire extinguishing agent developed metal oxide based catalyst. Transfer is highly effective, non-corrosive and electrically of technology
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