Romanian Language and Its Dialects
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Ebook Download a Reference Grammar of Modern Italian
A REFERENCE GRAMMAR OF MODERN ITALIAN PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Martin Maiden,Cecilia Robustelli | 512 pages | 01 Jun 2009 | Taylor & Francis Ltd | 9780340913390 | Italian | London, United Kingdom A Reference Grammar of Modern Italian PDF Book This Italian reference grammar provides a comprehensive, accessible and jargon-free guide to the forms and structures of Italian. This rule is not absolute, and some exceptions do exist. Parli inglese? Italian is an official language of Italy and San Marino and is spoken fluently by the majority of the countries' populations. The rediscovery of Dante's De vulgari eloquentia , as well as a renewed interest in linguistics in the 16th century, sparked a debate that raged throughout Italy concerning the criteria that should govern the establishment of a modern Italian literary and spoken language. Compared with most other Romance languages, Italian has many inconsistent outcomes, where the same underlying sound produces different results in different words, e. An instance of neuter gender also exists in pronouns of the third person singular. Italian immigrants to South America have also brought a presence of the language to that continent. This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Retrieved 7 August Italian is widely taught in many schools around the world, but rarely as the first foreign language. In linguistic terms, the writing system is close to being a phonemic orthography. For a group composed of boys and girls, ragazzi is the plural, suggesting that -i is a general plural. Book is in Used-Good condition. Story of Language. A history of Western society. It formerly had official status in Albania , Malta , Monaco , Montenegro Kotor , Greece Ionian Islands and Dodecanese and is generally understood in Corsica due to its close relation with the Tuscan-influenced local language and Savoie. -
Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics &A
Online Appendix for Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue (2014) Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics & Change Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue The following document lists the languages of the world and their as- signment to the macro-areas described in the main body of the paper as well as the WALS macro-area for languages featured in the WALS 2005 edi- tion. 7160 languages are included, which represent all languages for which we had coordinates available1. Every language is given with its ISO-639-3 code (if it has one) for proper identification. The mapping between WALS languages and ISO-codes was done by using the mapping downloadable from the 2011 online WALS edition2 (because a number of errors in the mapping were corrected for the 2011 edition). 38 WALS languages are not given an ISO-code in the 2011 mapping, 36 of these have been assigned their appropri- ate iso-code based on the sources the WALS lists for the respective language. This was not possible for Tasmanian (WALS-code: tsm) because the WALS mixes data from very different Tasmanian languages and for Kualan (WALS- code: kua) because no source is given. 17 WALS-languages were assigned ISO-codes which have subsequently been retired { these have been assigned their appropriate updated ISO-code. In many cases, a WALS-language is mapped to several ISO-codes. As this has no bearing for the assignment to macro-areas, multiple mappings have been retained. 1There are another couple of hundred languages which are attested but for which our database currently lacks coordinates. -
The Romanization of Romania: a Look at the Influence of the Roman Military on Romanian History and Heritage Colleen Ann Lovely Union College - Schenectady, NY
Union College Union | Digital Works Honors Theses Student Work 6-2016 The Romanization of Romania: A Look at the Influence of the Roman Military on Romanian History and Heritage Colleen Ann Lovely Union College - Schenectady, NY Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, European History Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Lovely, Colleen Ann, "The Romanization of Romania: A Look at the Influence of the Roman Military on Romanian History and Heritage" (2016). Honors Theses. 178. https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses/178 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at Union | Digital Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Union | Digital Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Romanization of Romania: A Look at the Influence of the Roman Military on Romanian History and Heritage By Colleen Ann Lovely ********* Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in the Departments of Classics and Anthropology UNION COLLEGE March 2016 Abstract LOVELY, COLLEEN ANN The Romanization of Romania: A Look at the Influence of the Roman Military on Romanian History and Heritage. Departments of Classics and Anthropology, March 2016. ADVISORS: Professor Stacie Raucci, Professor Robert Samet This thesis looks at the Roman military and how it was the driving force which spread Roman culture. The Roman military stabilized regions, providing protection and security for regions to develop culturally and economically. Roman soldiers brought with them their native cultures, languages, and religions, which spread through their interactions and connections with local peoples and the communities in which they were stationed. -
Ethnicity, Confession and Intercultural Dialogue at the European Union's
Munich Personal RePEc Archive Ethnicity, Confession and Intercultural Dialogue at the European Union’s East Border Brie, Mircea and Horga, Ioan and Şipoş, Sorin University of Oradea, Romania 2011 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44082/ MPRA Paper No. 44082, posted 31 Jan 2013 05:28 UTC ETHNICITY, CONFESSION AND INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE AT THE EUROPEAN UNION EASTERN BORDER ETHNICITY, CONFESSION AND INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE AT THE EUROPEAN UNION EASTERN BORDER Mircea BRIE Ioan HORGA Sorin ŞIPOŞ (Coordinators) Debrecen/Oradea 2011 This present volume contains the papers of the international conference Ethnicity, Confession and Intercultural Dialogue at the European Union‟s East Border, held in Oradea between 2nd-5th of June 2011, organized by Institute for Euroregional Studies Oradea-Debrecen, University of Oradea and Department of International Relations and European Studies, with the support of the European Commission and Bihor County Council. CONTENTS INTRODUCTORY STUDIES Mircea BRIE Ethnicity, Religion and Intercultural Dialogue in the European Border Space.......11 Ioan HORGA Ethnicity, Religion and Intercultural Education in the Curricula of European Studies .......19 MINORITY AND MAJORITY IN THE EASTERN EUROPEAN AREA Victoria BEVZIUC Electoral Systems and Minorities Representations in the Eastern European Area........31 Sergiu CORNEA, Valentina CORNEA Administrative Tools in the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Ethnic Minorities .............................................................................................................47 -
(Daco-Romanian and Aromanian) in Verbs of Latin Origin
CONJUGATION CHANGES IN THE EVOLUTION OF ROMANIAN (DACO-ROMANIAN AND AROMANIAN) IN VERBS OF LATIN ORIGIN AIDA TODI1, MANUELA NEVACI2 Abstract. Having as starting point for research on the change of conjugation of Latin to the Romance languages, the paper aims to present the situation of these changes in Romanian: Daco-Romanian (that of the old Romanian texts) and Aromanian dialect (which does not have a literary standard). Keywords: conjugation changes; Romance languages; Romanian language (Daco-Romanian and Aromanian). Conjugation changes are a characteristic feature of the Romance verb system. In some Romance languages (Spanish, Catalan, Portuguese, Sardinian) verbs going from one conjugation to another has caused the reduction of the four conjugations inherited from Latin to three inflection classes: in Spanish and Portuguese the 2nd conjugation extended (verbs with stressed theme vowel): véndere > Sp., Pg. vender; cúrere > Sp., Pg. correr; in Catalan 3rd conjugation verbs assimilated the 2nd conjugation ones, a phenomenon occurring in Sardinian as well: Catal. ventre, Srd. biere; Additionally, in Spanish and Portuguese the 4th conjugation also becomes strong, assimilating 3rd conjugation verbs: petĕre > Sp., Pg. petir, ungĕre> Sp., Pg. ungir, iungĕre> Sp., Pg. ungir (Lausberg 1988: 259). Lausberg includes Aromanian together with Spanish, Catalan and Sardinian, where the four conjugations were reduced to three, mentioning that 3rd conjugation verbs switched to the 2nd conjugation3. The process of switching from one conjugation to another is frequent from as early as vulgar Latin. Grammars experience changes such as: augĕre > augēre; ardĕre> ardēre; fervĕre > fervēre; mulgĕre> mulgēre; respondĕre> respondēre; sorbĕre> sorbēre; torquĕre > torquēre; tondĕre >tondēre (Densusianu 1961: 103, 1 “Ovidius” University, Constanţa, [email protected]. -
Proceedings Exling 2016
ISCA International Speech Communication Association ExLing 2016 Proceedings of 7th Tutorial and Research Workshop on Experimental Linguistics 27 June - 2 July 2016, Saint Petersburg, Russia Edited by Antonis Botinis Saint Petersburg State University ExLing 2016 Proceedings of 7th Tutorial and Research Workshop on Experimental Linguistics Published by ExLing Society Electronic edition ExLing 2016 Athens, Greece ISSN: 2529-1092 ISBN: 978-960-466-161-9 DOI: 10.36505/ExLing-2016 Copyright © 2019 ExLing Society Foreword This volume includes the proceedings of the 7th Tutorial and Research Workshop on Experimental Linguistics, ExLing 2016, held in Saint Petersburg, Russia, 27 June-2 July 2016. The first conference was organised in Athens, Greece, in 2006, under the auspices of ISCA and the University of Athens and is regularly repeated thereafter. In accordance with the spirit of this ExLing 2016 conference, we were once again gathered in Saint Petersburg to continue our discussion on the directions of linguistic research and the use of experimental methodologies in order to gain theoretical and interdisciplinary knowledge. We are happy to see that our initial attempt has gained ground and is becoming an established forum of a new generation of linguists. As in our previous conferences, our colleagues are coming from a variety of different parts of the world and we wish them a rewarding exchange of scientific achievements and expertise. This is indeed the core of the ExLing conferences, which promote new ideas and methodologies in an international context. We would like to thank our keynote speakers Gerard Bailly, OliverNiebuhr, Philippe Martin and Yi Xu and all participants for their contributions as well as ISCA and the University of Saint Petersburg. -
The Aromanians in Macedonia
Macedonian Historical Review 3 (2012) Македонска историска ревија 3 (2012) EDITORIAL BOARD: Boban PETROVSKI, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Macedonia (editor-in-chief) Nikola ŽEŽOV, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Macedonia Dalibor JOVANOVSKI, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Macedonia Toni FILIPOSKI, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Macedonia Charles INGRAO, Purdue University, USA Bojan BALKOVEC, University of Ljubljana,Slovenia Aleksander NIKOLOV, University of Sofia, Bulgaria Đorđe BUBALO, University of Belgrade, Serbia Ivan BALTA, University of Osijek, Croatia Adrian PAPAIANI, University of Elbasan, Albania Oliver SCHMITT, University of Vienna, Austria Nikola MINOV, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Macedonia (editorial board secretary) ISSN: 1857-7032 © 2012 Faculty of Philosophy, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Macedonia University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius - Skopje Faculty of Philosophy Macedonian Historical Review vol. 3 2012 Please send all articles, notes, documents and enquiries to: Macedonian Historical Review Department of History Faculty of Philosophy Bul. Krste Misirkov bb 1000 Skopje Republic of Macedonia http://mhr.fzf.ukim.edu.mk/ [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS 7 Nathalie DEL SOCORRO Archaic Funerary Rites in Ancient Macedonia: contribution of old excavations to present-day researches 15 Wouter VANACKER Indigenous Insurgence in the Central Balkan during the Principate 41 Valerie C. COOPER Archeological Evidence of Religious Syncretism in Thasos, Greece during the Early Christian Period 65 Diego PEIRANO Some Observations about the Form and Settings of the Basilica of Bargala 85 Denitsa PETROVA La conquête ottomane dans les Balkans, reflétée dans quelques chroniques courtes 95 Elica MANEVA Archaeology, Ethnology, or History? Vodoča Necropolis, Graves 427a and 427, the First Half of the 19th c. -
World Directory of Minorities
World Directory of Minorities Europe MRG Directory –> Albania –> Albania Overview Print Page Close Window Albania Overview Environment Peoples History Governance Current state of peoples and minorities Environment Albania is situated in the western Balkans. It is bordered by Greece to the south, Macedonia to the east and the republics of Serbia and Montenegro to the north. To the west, there is a 420 km coastline with the Adriatic Sea. More than three-quarters of Albania is mountainous and about a third is wooded. Peoples Main languages: Albanian, Greek, Romani, Aromanian, Macedonian Main religions: Islam (mainly Sunni) Eastern Orthodox Christianity, Roman Catholicism Minority groups include Greeks 59,000, Macedonians 4,700 (1989 Census; the 2001 Census had no question concerning ethnicity), Roma, Vlachs/Aromanians, Macedonians, Egyptians, Serbs and Montenegrins. Three minorities are officially recognized in Albania as national minorities – Greeks, Macedonians and Montenegrins. Roma and Vlachs/Aromanians are recognized as linguistic (sometimes called cultural) minorities. Both linguistic and national minorities are recognized under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (FCNM) in Albania. Some members of the Roma and Vlach/Aromanian minorities would like to be considered national rather than linguistic minorities. Egyptians are not recognized as either a national or a linguistic minority – although they would like their status to be acknowledged as such. There is an urgent need for reliable figures on ethnic and religious minorities in Albania. Some of the figures which are quoted date back to the 1930s. This issue has been raised by both the Council of Europe and the European Commission on Racism and Intolerance (ECRI). -
On the Standardization of the Aromanian System of Writing
ON THE STANDARDIZATION OF THE AROMANIAN SYSTEM OF WRITING The Bituli-Macedonia Symposium of August 1997 by Tiberius Cunia INTRODUCTION The Aromanians started writing in their language in a more systematic way, a little over 100 years ago, and the first writings were associated with the national movement that contributed to the opening of Romanian schools in Macedonia. Because of the belief, at that time, that the Aromanian is a dialect of the Romanian language, it was natural to use the Romanian alphabet as the basis of the system of writing. The six sounds that are found in the Aromanian but not in the literary Romanian language – the three Greek sounds, dhelta , ghamma and theta and the other three, dz , nj and lj (Italian sounds gn and gl ) – were written in many ways, according to the wishes of the various Aromanian writers themselves. No standard way of writing Aromanian, or any serious movement to standardize this writing existed at that time. And the Romanian Academy that establishes the official rules of writing the Romanian literary language, never concerned itself with the establishment of rules for writing its dialects, at least not to my knowledge. Consequently, what is presently known as the "traditional" system of writing Aromanian is actually a system that consists of (i) several "traditional" alphabets in which several characters have diacritical signs, not always the same, and (ii) different ways for writing the same words. The reader interested in the various alphabets of the Aromanian language – including the Moscopoli era, the classical period (associated with the Romanian schools in Macedonia) and the most recent contemporary one – is referred to a long article published in Romanian in nine issues of the Aromanian monthly "Deşteptarea – Revista Aromânilor " from Bucharest (from Year 4, Number 5, May 1993 to Year 5, Number 1, January 1994), where the author, G. -
East European Languages
Latest Trends on Cultural Heritage and Tourism SEMANTIC CONCORDANCE IN THE SOUTH- EAST EUROPEAN LANGUAGES ANCUłA NEGREA, AGNES ERICH, ZLATE STEFANIA Faculty of Humanities Valahia University of Târgoviste Address: Street Lt. Stancu Ion, No. 35, Targoviste COUNTRY ROMANIA [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract: - The common terms of the southeast European languages that present semantic convergences [1], belong to a less explored domain, that of comparative linguistics. “The reason why the words have certain significations and not others is not found in the linguistic system or in the human biological or mental structures … it is the societies that, through their diverse history, determine the significations, and the semantics is found at the crossroads between the historical complexity of the reality it studies and the historical complexity of the culture reflecting on this reality… its object is the result and the condition of the historical character, thanks to the relations of mutual conditioning that relate the signification to the historic events of each human community.”[2] Key-Words: Balkan linguistics, terminology of the word “house”: Bg. kăšta, Srb., Cr. kuča, Maced. kuk’a, slov. koča < old sl. kotia meaning “what is hidden, what is sheltered”, Rom. casa < Lat. casa; Ngr. σπητη < Lat. hospitium; Alb. shtepi. 1 Introduction NeoGreek, and Albanese, present unanimous The “mentality” common to the Balkan world, concrdances for the terms having the meaning: having manifestations in the language, is the - “house”, “dwelling” and also historical product of the cohabitation in similar - ”room”, “place to live”, though these forms of civilization and culture. terms have different origins: Kristian SANDFELD, in his fundamental work - Bg. -
Moldova's National Minorities: Why Are They Euroskeptical?
Moldova’s National Minorities: Why are they Euroskeptical? Marcin Kosienkowski William Schreiber November 2014 Russia/NIS Center Ifri is a research center and a forum for debate on major international political and economic issues. Headed by Thierry de Montbrial since its founding in 1979, Ifri is a non-governmental and a non-profit organization. As an independent think tank, Ifri sets its own research agenda, publishing its findings regularly for a global audience. With offices in Paris and Brussels, Ifri stands out as one of the rare French think tanks to have positioned itself at the very heart of European debate. Using an interdisciplinary approach, Ifri brings together political and economic decision-makers, researchers and internationally renowned experts to animate its debates and research activities. The opinions expressed in this article are the authors’ alone and do not reflect the official views of their institutions. Russia/NIS Center © All rights reserved – Ifri – Paris, 2014 ISBN: 978-2-36567-330-3 IFRI IFRI-Bruxelles 27 RUE DE LA PROCESSION RUE MARIE-THERESE, 21 75740 PARIS CEDEX 15 – FRANCE 1000 BRUXELLES, BELGIQUE TEL. : 33 (0)1 40 61 60 00 TEL. : 32(2) 238 51 10 FAX : 33 (0)1 40 61 60 60 FAX : 32 (2) 238 51 15 E-MAIL : [email protected] E-MAIL : [email protected] WEBSITE : www.ifri.org Russie.Nei.Visions Russie.Nei.Visions is an online collection of articles dedicated to the study of Russia and other former Soviet states (Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan). Written by leading experts, these policy-oriented papers deal with strategic, political and economic issues. -
Los Angeles City Planning Department
RESTOVICH HOUSE 1001 N. Everett Street CHC-2015-4006-HCM ENV-2015-4007-CE Agenda packet includes 1. Final Staff Recommendation Report 2. Categorical Exemption 3. Under Consideration Staff Recommendation Report 4. Nomination Please click on each document to be directly taken to the corresponding page of the PDF. Los Angeles Department of City Planning RECOMMENDATION REPORT CULTURAL HERITAGE COMMISSION CASE NO.: CHC-2015-4006-HCM ENV-2015-4007-CE HEARING DATE: January 21, 2016 Location: 1001 N. Everett Street TIME: 10:00 AM Council District: 1 PLACE: City Hall, Room 1010 Community Plan Area: Silver Lake - Echo Park – 200 N. Spring Street Elysian Valley Los Angeles, CA 90012 Area Planning Commission: East Los Angeles Neighborhood Council: None Legal Description: Tract Angeleno Heights, Block 31, Lot 30 PROJECT: Historic-Cultural Monument Application for the RESTOVICH HOUSE REQUEST: Declare the property a Historic-Cultural Monument OWNER(S)/ Richard W. Courtney APPLICANT(S): 1001 N. Everett Street Los Angeles, CA 90026 PREPARER: Charles J. Fisher 140 S. Avenue 57 Los Angeles, CA 90042 RECOMMENDATION That the Cultural Heritage Commission: 1. Declare the subject property a Historic-Cultural Monument per Los Angeles Administrative Code Chapter 9, Division 22, Article 1, Section 22.171.7. 2. Adopt the staff report and findings. MICHAEL J. LOGRANDE Director of PlanningN1907 [SIGNED ORIGINAL IN FILE] [SIGNED ORIGINAL IN FILE] Ken Bernstein, AICP, Manager Lambert M. Giessinger, Preservation Architect Office of Historic Resources Office of Historic Resources [SIGNED ORIGINAL IN FILE] Shannon Ryan, City Planning Associate Office of Historic Resources Attachments: Historic-Cultural Monument Application CHC-2015-4006-HCM 1001 N.