Virotia Azurea (Proteaceae: Macadamieae), a Striking New Species Endemic to New Caledonia and Notes on V
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Method to Estimate Dry-Kiln Schedules and Species Groupings: Tropical and Temperate Hardwoods
United States Department of Agriculture Method to Estimate Forest Service Forest Dry-Kiln Schedules Products Laboratory Research and Species Groupings Paper FPL–RP–548 Tropical and Temperate Hardwoods William T. Simpson Abstract Contents Dry-kiln schedules have been developed for many wood Page species. However, one problem is that many, especially tropical species, have no recommended schedule. Another Introduction................................................................1 problem in drying tropical species is the lack of a way to Estimation of Kiln Schedules.........................................1 group them when it is impractical to fill a kiln with a single Background .............................................................1 species. This report investigates the possibility of estimating kiln schedules and grouping species for drying using basic Related Research...................................................1 specific gravity as the primary variable for prediction and grouping. In this study, kiln schedules were estimated by Current Kiln Schedules ..........................................1 establishing least squares relationships between schedule Method of Schedule Estimation...................................2 parameters and basic specific gravity. These relationships were then applied to estimate schedules for 3,237 species Estimation of Initial Conditions ..............................2 from Africa, Asia and Oceana, and Latin America. Nine drying groups were established, based on intervals of specific Estimation -
Evolutionary History of Floral Key Innovations in Angiosperms Elisabeth Reyes
Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms Elisabeth Reyes To cite this version: Elisabeth Reyes. Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms. Botanics. Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), 2016. English. NNT : 2016SACLS489. tel-01443353 HAL Id: tel-01443353 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01443353 Submitted on 23 Jan 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. NNT : 2016SACLS489 THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE PARIS-SACLAY, préparée à l’Université Paris-Sud ÉCOLE DOCTORALE N° 567 Sciences du Végétal : du Gène à l’Ecosystème Spécialité de Doctorat : Biologie Par Mme Elisabeth Reyes Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms Thèse présentée et soutenue à Orsay, le 13 décembre 2016 : Composition du Jury : M. Ronse de Craene, Louis Directeur de recherche aux Jardins Rapporteur Botaniques Royaux d’Édimbourg M. Forest, Félix Directeur de recherche aux Jardins Rapporteur Botaniques Royaux de Kew Mme. Damerval, Catherine Directrice de recherche au Moulon Président du jury M. Lowry, Porter Curateur en chef aux Jardins Examinateur Botaniques du Missouri M. Haevermans, Thomas Maître de conférences au MNHN Examinateur Mme. Nadot, Sophie Professeur à l’Université Paris-Sud Directeur de thèse M. -
Kermadecia Brinoniae (Proteaceae: Macadamieae), a New Species from New Caledonia Previously Confused with K
Kermadecia brinoniae (Proteaceae: Macadamieae), a new species from New Caledonia previously confused with K. elliptica Helen C.F. Hopkins & Yohan Pillon Abstract HOPKINS, H.C.F. & Y. PILLON (2019). Kermadecia brinoniae (Proteaceae: Macadamieae), a new species from New Caledonia previously confused with K. elliptica. In English, English and French abstracts. Candollea 74: 85 – 92. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2019v741a9 Kermadecia brinoniae H.C. Hopkins & Pillon (Proteaceae), which occurs in southern New Caledonia, principally on ultramafic substrates, is described and illustrated. Material of this species was previously included in Kermadecia elliptica Brongn. & Gris. An amended description is given for the latter and a lectotype designated. These two species differ in the prominence of the venation on the lower leaf surface and in their ecology. Kermadecia brinoniae, like other species of Proteaceae growing on ultramafic substrates of New Caledonia, has a relatively high content of manganese in its leaves. A revised key to the species of Kermadecia Brongn. & Gris is provided as well as notes on the morphology of the pollen presenter. Résumé HOPKINS, H. C. F. & Y. PILLON (2019). Kermadecia brinoniae (Proteaceae: Macadamieae), une nouvelle espèce de Nouvelle-Calédonie auparavant confondue avec K. elliptica. En anglais, résumés anglais et français. Candollea 74: 85 – 92. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2019v741a9 Kermadecia brinoniae H.C. Hopkins & Pillon (Proteaceae), du sud de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, essentiellement sur subs- trat ultramafique, est ici décrite et illustrée. Les spécimens de cette espèce ayant été auparavant inclus dans Kermadecia elliptica Brongn. & Gris, la description de ce taxon est revue et un lectotype est désigné. -
Fossil Fruit of the Macadamieae (Proteaceae) in the Tertiary of Eastern Australia: Eureka Gen
Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature 55(1) © The State of Queensland (Queensland Museum) 2010 PO Box 3300, South Brisbane 4101, Australia Phone 06 7 3840 7555 Fax 06 7 3846 1226 Email [email protected] Website www.qm.qld.gov.au National Library of Australia card number ISSN 0079-8835 NOTE Papers published in this volume and in all previous volumes of the Memoirs of the Queensland Museum may be reproduced for scientific research, individual study or other educational purposes. Properly acknowledged quotations may be made but queries regarding the republication of any papers should be addressed to the Editor in Chief. Copies of the journal can be purchased from the Queensland Museum Shop. A Guide to Authors is displayed at the Queensland Museum web site http://www.qm.qld.gov.au/About+Us/Publications/Memoirs+of+the+Queensland+Museum A Queensland Government Project Typeset at the Queensland Museum Fossil fruit of the Macadamieae (Proteaceae) in the Tertiary of eastern Australia: Eureka gen. nov. Mary E. DETTMANN H. Trevor CLIFFORD Queensland Museum, Geosciences, Hendra Facility, 122 Gerler Rd, Hendra, Qld 4011, Australia. Email: [email protected] Citation: Dettmann, M.E. & Clifford, H.T. 2010 03 15. Fossil fruit of the Macadamieae (Proteaceae) in the Tertiary of eastern Australia: Eureka gen. nov.. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum — Nature 55(1): 147-166. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835. Accepted: 13 October 2009. ABSTRACT Eureka gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate fossil fruits recovered from several mid- Tertiary (early Oligocene-Miocene) sites in eastern Australia. The type (E. -
PROTEACEAE 山龙眼科 Shan Long Yan Ke Qiu Huaxing (邱华兴 Chiu Hua-Hsing, Kiu Hua-Xing)1; Peter H
Flora of China 5: 192-199. 2003. PROTEACEAE 山龙眼科 shan long yan ke Qiu Huaxing (邱华兴 Chiu Hua-hsing, Kiu Hua-xing)1; Peter H. Weston2 Trees or shrubs. Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite or whorled, simple or variously divided. Inflorescences axillary, ramiflorous, cauliflorous, or terminal, simple or rarely compound, with flowers borne laterally either in pairs or sometimes singly, racemose, sometimes spicate, paniculate, or condensed into a head; bracts subtending flower pairs usually small, sometimes accrescent and woody; floral bracts usually minute or absent. Flowers bisexual or rarely unisexual and dioecious, actinomorphic or zygomorphic. Perianth segments (3 or)4(or 5), valvate, usually tubular in bud; limb short, variously split at anthesis. Stamens 4, opposite perianth segments; filaments usually adnate to perianth and not distinct; anthers basifixed, usually 2-loculed, longitudinally dehiscent, connective often prolonged. Hypogynous glands 4 (or 1–3 or absent), free or variously connate. Ovary superior, 1-loculed, sessile or stipitate; ovules 1 or 2(or more), pendulous, laterally or basally, rarely subapically attached. Style terminal, simple, often apically clavate; stigma terminal or lateral, mostly small. Fruit a follicle, achene, or drupe or drupaceous. Seeds 1 or 2(or few to many), sometimes winged; endosperm absent (or vestigial); embryo usually straight; cotyledons thin or thick and fleshy; radicle short, inferior. About 80 genera and ca. 1700 species: mostly in tropics and subtropics, especially in S Africa and Australia: three genera (one introduced) and 25 species (12 endemic, two introduced) in China. The family is subdivided into Bellendenoideae, Caranarvonioideae, Eidotheoideae, Grevilleoideae, Persoonioideae, Proteoideae, and Sphalmi- oideae; all Chinese genera belong to Grevilleoideae. -
Rates of Molecular Evolution and Diversification in Plants: Chloroplast
Duchene and Bromham BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013, 13:65 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/13/65 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Rates of molecular evolution and diversification in plants: chloroplast substitution rates correlate with species-richness in the Proteaceae David Duchene* and Lindell Bromham Abstract Background: Many factors have been identified as correlates of the rate of molecular evolution, such as body size and generation length. Analysis of many molecular phylogenies has also revealed correlations between substitution rates and clade size, suggesting a link between rates of molecular evolution and the process of diversification. However, it is not known whether this relationship applies to all lineages and all sequences. Here, in order to investigate how widespread this phenomenon is, we investigate patterns of substitution in chloroplast genomes of the diverse angiosperm family Proteaceae. We used DNA sequences from six chloroplast genes (6278bp alignment with 62 taxa) to test for a correlation between diversification and the rate of substitutions. Results: Using phylogenetically-independent sister pairs, we show that species-rich lineages of Proteaceae tend to have significantly higher chloroplast substitution rates, for both synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions. Conclusions: We show that the rate of molecular evolution in chloroplast genomes is correlated with net diversification rates in this large plant family. We discuss the possible causes of this relationship, including molecular evolution driving diversification, speciation increasing the rate of substitutions, or a third factor causing an indirect link between molecular and diversification rates. The link between the synonymous substitution rate and clade size is consistent with a role for the mutation rate of chloroplasts driving the speed of reproductive isolation. -
Plant Diseases Regulations 1989
Western Australia Plant Diseases Regulations 1989 STATUS OF THIS DOCUMENT This document is from an electronic database of legislation maintained by the Parliamentary Counsel’s Office of Western Australia. DISCLAIMER No warranty is given as to the accuracy or completeness of this document. The State of Western Australia and its agents and employees disclaim liability, whether in negligence or otherwise, for any loss or damage resulting from reliance on the accuracy or completeness of this document. REPRINT AND CONSOLIDATION NUMBERING The reprint number (in the footer of each page of the document) shows how many times the Act has been reprinted. For example, numbering a reprint as “Reprint 3” would mean that the reprint was the 3rd reprint since the Act was passed. A consolidation described as “Consolidation 3a” would be the result of updating Reprint 3 for the first time to reflect the amendments since the date as at which Reprint 3 was prepared. Reprint and consolidation numbering was implemented as from 1 January 2003. COPYRIGHT Copyright in this document is reserved to the Crown in right of the State of Western Australia. Reproduction except in accordance with copyright law is prohibited. THE TEXT OF THE LEGISLATION FOLLOWS Western Australia Plant Diseases Regulations 1989 CONTENTS Part 1 — Preliminary 1. Citation 1 2. Commencement 1 3. Interpretation 1 Part 2 — Entry requirements 3A. Quality assurance system 3 3B. Bringing plants into the State 3 4. Potential carriers — conditions for entry 3 4A. Potential carriers — entry for experimental purposes 4 4B. Potential carriers — entry for processing or export 4 5. Entry of propagating material 5 6. -
Ecology of Proteaceae with Special Reference to the Sydney Region
951 Ecology of Proteaceae with special reference to the Sydney region P.J. Myerscough, R.J. Whelan and R.A. Bradstock Myerscough, P.J.1, Whelan, R.J.2, and Bradstock, R.A.3 (1Institute of Wildlife Research, School of Biological Sciences (A08), University of Sydney, NSW 2006; 2Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522; 3Biodiversity Research and Management Division, NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service, PO Box 1967, Hurstville, NSW 1481) Ecology of Proteaceae with special reference to the Sydney region. Cunninghamia 6(4): 951–1015. In Australia, the Proteaceae are a diverse group of plants. They inhabit a wide range of environments, many of which are low in plant resources. They support a wide range of animals and other organisms, and show distinctive patterns of distribution in relation to soils, climate and geological history. These patterns of distribution, relationships with nutrients and other resources, interactions with animals and other organisms and dynamics of populations in Proteaceae are addressed in this review, particularly for the Sydney region. The Sydney region, with its wide range of environments, offers great opportunities for testing general questions in the ecology of the Proteaceae. For instance, its climate is not mediterranean, unlike the Cape region of South Africa, south- western and southern Australia, where much of the research on plants of Proteaceae growing in infertile habitats has been done. The diversity and abundance of Proteaceae vary in the Sydney region inversely with fertility of habitats. In the region’s rainforest there are few Proteaceae and their populations are sparse, whereas in heaths in the region, Proteaceae are often diverse and may dominate the canopy. -
Perennial Edible Fruits of the Tropics: an and Taxonomists Throughout the World Who Have Left Inventory
United States Department of Agriculture Perennial Edible Fruits Agricultural Research Service of the Tropics Agriculture Handbook No. 642 An Inventory t Abstract Acknowledgments Martin, Franklin W., Carl W. Cannpbell, Ruth M. Puberté. We owe first thanks to the botanists, horticulturists 1987 Perennial Edible Fruits of the Tropics: An and taxonomists throughout the world who have left Inventory. U.S. Department of Agriculture, written records of the fruits they encountered. Agriculture Handbook No. 642, 252 p., illus. Second, we thank Richard A. Hamilton, who read and The edible fruits of the Tropics are nnany in number, criticized the major part of the manuscript. His help varied in form, and irregular in distribution. They can be was invaluable. categorized as major or minor. Only about 300 Tropical fruits can be considered great. These are outstanding We also thank the many individuals who read, criti- in one or more of the following: Size, beauty, flavor, and cized, or contributed to various parts of the book. In nutritional value. In contrast are the more than 3,000 alphabetical order, they are Susan Abraham (Indian fruits that can be considered minor, limited severely by fruits), Herbert Barrett (citrus fruits), Jose Calzada one or more defects, such as very small size, poor taste Benza (fruits of Peru), Clarkson (South African fruits), or appeal, limited adaptability, or limited distribution. William 0. Cooper (citrus fruits), Derek Cormack The major fruits are not all well known. Some excellent (arrangements for review in Africa), Milton de Albu- fruits which rival the commercialized greatest are still querque (Brazilian fruits), Enriquito D. -
Malagasy/Indo-Australo-Malesian Phytogeographic Connections
Biogéographie deMadagascar, 1996 : 73-83 MALAGASYLENDO-AUSTRALO-MALESIANPHYTOGEOGRAPH" CONNECTIONS George E. SCHATZ Missouri Botanical Garden, PO. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri, 63166-0299, U.S.A. USTRACT.- Despite the continuous close proximityof Madagascar to Africa sinceits separation from the continent ca. 165 MXA, the Malagasy flora exhibits a remarkably high affinity with the Indo- autralo-malesian florasfar to the east. Such phytogeographic connectionsare especially prevalent among easternhumid forest taxa, and representboth ancient vicariance that hasresulted in relictual (Cretaceous) Gondwanan disjunctions, as well as continuous dispersal events across the Indian Ocean. Three major patterns of dispersaVvicariance modality can be identified: 1) Cretaceous dispersal to Madagascar with ensuing distributions from India (andor South Africa) across Antarctica to South America and Australo-E. Malesia during the timeof the initial radiation of the angiosperms; 2) Eocene- Oligocene (and continuing to the present) dispersal to Madagascar (and Africa) from Laurasia and W. Malesia viaIndia @re- and post-collision with Asia) alongt( Lemurian Stepping-stones)) in the western IndianOcean; and 3) continuous(and recent) long distance dispersal (LDD) to Madagascar as a function of the prevailing easterlywinds and Indian Ocean currents. KEY-W0RDS.- Madagascar, Indo-Australo-Malesian, Phytogeography, Vicariance, Dispersal RESUME.- Malgré la proximité de Madagascar et de l'Afrique depuis leur séparation,il y a quelques 165 millions d'années, la flore malgache montre unefinité remarquable avec celles dela région Indo- australo-malésienne très éloignée vers l'est. Ces relationsphytogéographiques sont particulièrement fréquentes dans les taxons des forêts humides de l'est de Madagascar; elles représentent d'unepart une vicariance ancienne qui a entraîné des disjonctions reliques gondwaniennes (Crétacé) et d'autre part une série continue de dispersionà travers l'Océan Indien. -
H. Sleumer Leyden) Spiral Pseudo-Whorls, Subopposite
Proteaceae H. Sleumer Leyden) Trees or shrubs. Leaves spiral or in pseudo-whorls, sometimes subopposite, generally coriaceous, simple or pinnatisect, often dimorphous, entire or toothed, sometimes spiny. Stipules 0. Inflorescences mostly axillary or rami- or cauliflorous, terminal. but often minute and or Bracts (potentially) present mostly small, very early caducous or barely visible, sometimes large, accrescent and woody (in cone-like spikes). Bracteoles 0-2, small. Flowers in racemes, umbels or spikes, the latter sometimes cone-like, not rarely inserted in twos; pedicels of the pairs some- times connate to various degree. Flowers choripetalous (though segments some- times remain connate or partly so, sometimes with a spathaceous corolla), actino- morphous, sometimes zygomorphous (by one-sided saccate corolla base, oblique torus, disk glands, stigma), mostly bisexual, rarely only seemingly so and in fact unisexual and dioecious. Buds generally cylindric, straight or curved, more or less dilated towards the with clavate Perianth base, a mostly or globular apex. segments (tepals) valvate, with a distinctly broadened apex (here called: limb), in flower recurved, adhering to each other in the lower portion to various degree, at length mostly entirely free. Torus flat or oblique. Stamens 4, epitepalous; filaments con- nate with the tepals to various degree, sometimes very short; anthers erect, basi- fixed, 2-celled, introrse, dehiscing lengthwise, connective often prolonged. Disk an 4 annular or horseshoe-shaped, flat or oblique gland, or consisting of free or variously united hypogynous glands alternating with the stamens, rarely absent. Ovary superior, 1-celled, sessile or stipitate, often oblique; style terminal, thickened at the tip; stigma mostly small, terminal or lateral. -
Contrasted Patterns of Hyperdiversification in Mediterranean Hotspots
Contrasted patterns of hyperdiversification in Mediterranean hotspots Herve´ Sauqueta,b,c,1, Peter H. Westonb, Cajsa Lisa Andersond, Nigel P. Barkere, David J. Cantrillc,f, Austin R. Mastg, and Vincent Savolainena,h aJodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3DS, United Kingdom; bNational Herbarium of New South Wales, Botanic Gardens Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia; cDepartment of Palaeobotany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden; dDepartment of Systematic Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyva¨gen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; eDepartment of Botany, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; fNational Herbarium of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne, Private Bag 2000, South Yarra, Victoria 3141, Australia; gDepartment of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306; and hImperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, United Kingdom Edited by Peter R. Crane, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, and approved November 12, 2008 (received for review June 9, 2008) Dating the Tree of Life has now become central to relating patterns Africa or Banksia in Western Australia. We use a rigorous of biodiversity to key processes in Earth history such as plate approach to select adequate calibration points and date a tectonics and climate change. Regions with a Mediterranean cli- multigene phylogenetic tree of all genera of this family. Prelim- mate have long been noted for their exceptional species richness inary phylogenetic analyses (12–15) have suggested that mem- and high endemism. How and when these biota assembled can bers of this group in each Mediterranean hotspot do not form a only be answered with a good understanding of the sequence of single clade but instead consist of multiple independent lineages, divergence times for each of their components.